Unit4重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习
(重点单词全覆盖)
基础达标
重点单词变形
1．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
2．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→ adj.不幸的→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地→ n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款
3．recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)→ adj.娱乐的；消遣的
4．guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → n.指南；手册；导游；向导 v.指路；指导→ adj.有导游的；有向导的
5．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 → vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 → (缩写 ad.) n. 广告；启事
6．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→ n.(缩写 Corp.) 公司；法人；法人团体
7．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 → adv. 粗略地；大致地
8．navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→ v.领航；航行；导航
9．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的 (SYN devoted; faithful)→ adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的→ n.忠诚；忠实
10．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → vt.承诺；保证(某个人；机构等) ；vi.忠于；全心全意投入→ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
11．motive n.动机；原因；目的→ vt.成为......的动机；激发；激励
→ adj.积极的；主动的 → n.动力；积极性；动机
12．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ adj. 有资格的
13．sinker n.（钓丝等的）锤；下坠球→ v. 下沉；沉没
14．resolver n. 解决问题的人；分解器→ v. 解决；决定
15．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的／坏的→ n.脾气；火气
16．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 → n.残忍；残酷
17．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 → adv.深入地；彻底地；细致地
18．furniture n.家具→ v.在(房屋等)处布置家具 → adj.(房屋，房间等)配备家具的
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
19．Morning and night, Mother Bird is there until her baby’s old enough to leave the nest.
20．What do you think “strangers under the same roof” means
21． Tensions between doctors and patients seem to rise.
22．He has dark skin, with lots of red spots on it.
23．Many lonely people in the community are easy targets of cheating.
24．Sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.
25．All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship.
26．After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly.
27．He refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on doing scientific research.
28．You’d better give us a rough idea of your price.
29．He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
30．In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.
31．We had rather a rough time.
32．The little boy has a rough tongue.
答案
1．perseverance 2． unfortunate fortunate fortunately fortune 3．recreational 4． guide guided 5． advertise advertisement 6．corporation 7．roughly 8．navigate 9． disloyal loyalty 10． commit committed 11． motivate motivated motivation
12． qualify qualified 13．sink 14．resolve 15．temper 16．cruelty 17．thoroughly 18． furnish furnished
19．1.(鸟、虫等的)果/窝 20．屋顶 21．紧张关系 22．皮肤 23．对象/目标 24．艰难时期 25．(关系)破裂 26．充分/全盘考虑 27．让步28．粗略的 29．粗糙的 30．崎岖的 31．艰难的 32．令人不快的
短语翻译
英译汉
1. turn sb down ________________
2. make it ________________
3. set off ________________
4. turn back________________
5. hold on________________
6. fall behind________________
7. in all directions________________
8. lead to________________
9. be enthusiastic about________________
10. make fire________________
11. give off________________
12. consist of________________
13. pay back________________
14. at times________________
汉译英
15.梦想（做）某事________________
16.每况愈下；越来越糟________________
17.毕竟；终究________________
18.困于，停止不前，动弹不得________________
19.振作精神________________
20.超过，不止，不仅仅；非常________________
21.在……岁时________________
22.为……自豪________________
23.尽某人最大努力________________
24.困于……，陷入……________________
25.处理；解决；对付________________
26.决定；选定________________
27.转换（话题）________________
28.安排……________________
29.(时间、空间）在……前面；早于________________
答案
1.拒绝（某人）
2.(经历艰难困苦后）成功
3.出发；动身；使爆炸；引发；激起
4.(使）折回；往回走
5.握住；抓牢；坚持不懈
6.落在后面
7.朝四面八方
8.导致；造成（后果）;通向……
9.热衷于……
10.生火
11.放出（热、光、气味或气体）
12.由……组成
13.偿还；报复
14.有时；偶尔
15. dream of (doing) sth
16. from bad to worse
17. after all
18. be stuck in
19. keep spirits up
20. more than
21. at the age of
22. be proud of
23. try one's best
24. be stuck in
25. deal with
26. decide on
27. move on to
28. arrange for
29. ahead of
单句语法填空
Everyone is so (envy) of her.
Those candidates (wait) in the hall for over two hours.
I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel (qualify) to comment.
The president made a (commit) to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
5．The government is pressing for an early (resolve) of the dispute.
6．Escape can be a strong (motive) for travel.
7．We as individuals can also be committed to (reduce) our carbon footprint on the environment.
8．At the bad news that he would be put on trail, his heart (sink).
9．Today I am as about my job as the first day and my enables me to treat my job ．(enthusiastic)
10． ( cruel) to animals really makes me see red (怒不可遏).
11．He (sleep) for 6 hours and still can`t wake up.
12．My mother (clean) the furniture the whole weekend.
13．Have you finished the report
-No, I (do) it all by myself.
14．These flowers (give) off a strange smell this morning.
15．Put an (advertise) in the local paper to sell your car.
答案
1．envious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：每个人都很羡慕她。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，而be envious of 表“羡慕”，为固定搭配。故填envious。
2．have been waiting/have waited
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些候选人已经在大厅里等了两个多小时了。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语for over two hours和语境可知应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语Those candidates，谓语用复数形式，故填have been waiting/have waited。
3．qualified
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对它知道的不多，所以我觉得没有资格发表意见。句中feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语。qualified“有资格的”。根据句意，故填qualified。
4．commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意：总统向全国承诺，他上任后将努力降低税收和改善医疗保健。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make a commitment to“做出承诺”，满足句意要求，所以此处为名词作宾语。故填commitment。
5．resolution
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府迫切要求尽早解决争端。作介词的宾语应用名词resolution，不定冠词提示用单数。故填resolution。
6．motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意：逃避是旅游的一大动机。空处应填名词作表语，motivation动机，可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式。故填motivation。
7．reducing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为个人，我们也可以致力于减少对环境的碳足迹。分析句子结构，空白处前面的to为介词，因此空白处填动名词，故填reducing。
8．sank
【详解】考查时态。句意：听到他将被审判的坏消息，他的心沉了下去。此处在主句中作谓语，由句意可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，此处应用动词过去式，故填sank。
9． enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically
【详解】考查形容词，名词和副词。句意：今天，我对我的工作和第一天一样充满热情，我的热情使我能够热情地对待我的工作。第一个空处为形容词做表语，在as...as...中间应用形容词原级，第二个空在形容词物主代词后，应用名词形式做主语，第三个空修饰动词短语treat my job，应用副词作状语，故填enthusiastic；enthusiasm；enthusiastically。
10．Cruelty
【详解】考查名词。句意：虐待动物真让我怒不可遏。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，再根据首字母和句意可知，应填cruelty，表“虐待”，为不可数名词，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Cruelty。
11． has been sleeping
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：他已经睡了6个小时了，还是醒不过来。根据要求，这里时态用现在完成进行时，且He和sleep为主动关系。故填has been sleeping。
12．has been cleaning
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我妈妈整个周末都在打扫家具。由“the whole weekend”可知，句子表示“我”妈妈整个周末一直在打扫家具，时态用现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始，持续到现在，且有可能继续下去的动作，主语mother是单数，因此空格处是has been cleaning。故填has been cleaning。
13． have been doing
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：你完成报告了吗？-不，这一切都是我一个人做的。根据句子要求，这里时态用完成进行时，且I 和do为主动关系。故填have been doing。
14．have been giving
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天早上这些花散发出一股怪味。由“this morning”和句意可知，花一早上都散发出一股怪味，句子用现在完成进行时，即have/has been doing，表示从过去开始，持续到现在，有可能继续下去的事情，主语flowers是复数，因此空格处是have been giving，故填have been giving。
15．advertisement
【详解】考查名词。句意：在当地报纸上登广告推销你的汽车。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，且由an可知，这里应用名词单数形式。故填advertisement。
完成句子
1．偏巧那天他不在。
he was not present that day.
2．当我向他求助时，他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我，这让我几乎要哭了。
When I , he without hesitation, which put me on the verge of crying.
3．那时，我们唱歌以保持情绪高涨。
We sang songs to at that time.
4．as引导时间状语从句 当我们接近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。
Endurance became stuck in the ice Antarctica.
5．这栋楼房和那一栋一样明亮。
This building is .
6．我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。(keep复合结构) (汉译英)
Our discipline and team spirit and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
7．It (so) happened that...“碰巧；恰好；正巧”
Well, one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸，看到了关于南极探险的广告。
I wouldn’t (拒绝) such a high-paid job, because I don’t have a better option.
9．勇敢地面对逆境,你会变得更坚强、更坚定。(adversity, 祈使句)
___________ and you will become tougher and more determined.
10．When we arrived at the airport, he had already (登机). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
11．他们是那么小的孩子，以至于他们不能自己打扫房子。
They are little children they cannot clean the house by themselves.
12．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办
when I study English
13．最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
When we were finally rescued, we felt that many of us could not .
14．你失业好几个月了，怎么能拒绝这么好的工作呢
How could you such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months
15．马蒂一直努力写书，他想他到周五为止将已经完成了。
Marty really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
16．这个月天天下雨。
It every day this month.
17．你看了多久电视了
How long TV
18．他们已经来这里三年了。
They for three years.
19．我多年来一直在学习汉语。
I Chinese for many years.
20．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago (一直在帮助) young people since 1996. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
21．Ever since middle school, he _______________ taking a great bike trip.
从中学起，他就一直梦想着进行一次大型的自行车之旅。
22．In recent years, military forces (指定, 指派) help with peacekeeping. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
23．半个月以来，他一直在为学校篮球赛做准备。(现在完成进行时)
For half a month, he _________________________________ .
24．全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been in recent years.
In order to complete the task in advance, she (一直忙于工作) the work these days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案
1．It happened that
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“偏巧”句型为it happens that…；根据后文he was not present that day可知，描述过去发生的事，为一般过去时。故填It happened that。
2． turned to him for help turned me down
【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“向他求助”应用turn to him for help，在从句中作谓语，其中turn to sb for help为固定短语；表示“拒绝我”应用turn me down，在本句中作谓语，其中turn sb down为固定搭配，且主语和从句时态应与后文一致用一般过去时。故填turned to him for help；turned me down。
3．keep our spirits up
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意，表示“保持情绪高涨”应为keep one’s spirits up，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“我们的情绪高涨”，所以one’s应为our，因位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处应使用动词原形。故填keep our spirits up。
4．as we approached
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。此处as引导时间状语从句；主语为we；表示“接近”应用动词approach，根据上文became可知为一般过去时。故填as we approached。
5．as bright as that one
【详解】考查原级比较。as+adj.+as...为原级比较结构，表示“和……一样……”。“明亮”可表示为bright。这里是将这栋楼和那栋楼比较，所以“那一栋”可用that one表示。故填as bright as that one。
6．kept us optimistic
【详解】考查动词和形容词。根据句意和提示，表示“使我们保持乐观”应使用“keep复合结构”，即“keep+宾语+补语”，表示“我们”应为us作宾语，表示“乐观”应为optimistic作宾语补足语，根据并列谓语动词helped可知，此处应使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应为kept。故填kept us optimistic。
7．it so happened that
【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，此处为固定句型it so happened that“碰巧；恰好；正巧……”，满足句意要求。故填it so happened that。
8． turn down
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我不会拒绝这么高薪的工作，因为我没有更好的选择。根据汉语提示“拒绝”可知，此处为动词短语turn down，位于情态动词wouldn’t后面，使用动词原形。故填①turn；②down。
9．Face up to adversity bravely
【详解】考查祈使句。根据句意以及提示可知，此处考查“祈使句+and/or...”句型，该句型中祈使句类似于一个条件句。面对翻译为“face up to”，句首首字母大写，逆境翻译为“adversity”，勇敢地翻译为“bravely”，故填Face up to adversity bravely。
10．gone aboard the plane
【详解】考查固定短语及时态。句意：当我们到达机场时，他已经登机了。表示“登机”应用短语go aboard the plane。根据空前had可知，此处应填入过去分词，构成过去完成时态。故填gone aboard the plane。
11． so that
【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语提示，“如此……以至于……”应该用固定句型so...that...,引导结果状语从句。故填so和that。
12．What if I come across many difficulties
【详解】考查短语、名词。遇到应翻译为“come across”，许多困难应翻译为“many difficulties”，要是……怎么办应翻译为“what if”，当what if提出假设时可用一般现在时，主语为I，come across为原形，故填What if I come across many difficulties。
13． such relief and joy hide our tears
【详解】考查结果状语从句、动词和名词。由句意可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，且根据中文提示可知，表示“感到如释重负”应用短语felt relief and joy；表示“喜极而泣”可用短语could not hide our tears，再分析句子可知，这里考查such + 不可数名词 + that引导结果状语从句，表示“如此...以至于”。故填such relief and joy；hide our tears。
14．turn down
【详解】考查短语。句意：你失业好几个月了，怎么能拒绝这么好的工作呢 turn down拒绝，情态动词could后接动词原形。根据句意，故填turn down。
15．has been working
【详解】考查现在完成进行时和主谓一致。表示“一直做某事”应用现在完成进行时，根据“他想他到周五为止将已经完成了”可知，表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将进行。表示“努力做某事”应用动词短语work hard on sth。主语Marty为第三人称单数。故填has been working。
16．has been raining
【详解】考查时态。表示“下雨”应用动词rain，结合后文every day this month可知，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，没有间断，应用现在完成进行时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has been raining。
17．have you been watching
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。“看（电视）”使用动词watch，结合句意可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去，故填have you been watching。
18．have been here
【详解】考查时态。表示“来这儿”此处应用be here，结合后文for three years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have been here。
19．have been learning
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。“学习”使用动词learn，结合“for many years”可知，此处用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去，主语是I，助动词用have，故填have been learning。
20．has been helping
【详解】考查时态。句意：乔丹在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。根据since 1996可知，表示过去的动作持续不间断地发生到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语为The Boys and Girls Club，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been helping。
21．has been dreaming about
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意“一直梦想着”短语为dram about，此处表示动作不间断发生，为现在完成进行时，应是have been dreaming about，主语he是单数。故填has been dreaming about。
22．have been assigned to
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：近年来，军队被派去协助维持和平。表示“指定/指派某人做某事”为固定短语assign sb. to do sth.，主语military forces和assign是被动关系，且根据时间状语in recent years（近年来）可知，空处使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语military forces为复数形式，助动词用have。故填have been assigned to。
23．has been preparing for the school basketball game
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“为……做准备”使用动词短语prepare for，“学校篮球赛”译为the school basketball game，由句意和“For half a month”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某时一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去，主语是he，助动词用has。故填has been preparing for the school basketball game。
24．getting warmer and warmer
【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子，句中缺少成分“变得越来越温暖”用get warmer and warmer, in recent years可知此处使用现在完成，同时该动作表示持续发生，故使用现在完成进行时。故填getting warmer and warmer。
25．has been burying herself in
【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语。句意：为了提前完成任务，她这些天一直忙于工作。空格处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语these days可知，应用现在完成进行时，结合汉语提示“忙于做”，应用固定短语bury oneself in，空格处应填has been burying herself in。故填has been burying herself in。
能力提升
语法填空
A
When I applied to join an expedition, Shackleton turned me 1 .But I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance.
The journey had not been easy. Endurance became 2 (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon the ship. Shackleton 3 (calm) called us together and told us to rescue our most essential 4 (supply).We were camped on the ice and we had been managing to survive, but spring 5 (come), and the ice would soon begin to melt. Things on Elephant Island were going from bad to 6 . Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometers away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us 7 (make) it in our small boats. If Shackleton failed, would we have any hope of rescue No.
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there was after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be 8 (die) by now. Their genuine concern for others, their 9 (persevere), and their resolve filled me 10 hope.
Perhaps there was a chance we would return home, after all.
B
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island and gradually our life fell 11 a regular pattern. 12 (stay) alive took all our time and energy. We melted ice and 13 (drink) the water from it. The only fuel was animal fat. If it 14 (be) not for sea animals, we would all starve. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the 15 (change) temperatures could make us ill.
The twenty two of us lived like this in the cold 16 four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 17 (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears 18 a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us 19 (perseverance) in staying alive. And he paid us 20 by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
C
As a young man of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackhorow had long been 21 (dream) of decent adventure. So he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 22 (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only 23 (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned 24 to be a tough journey. The ship got 25 (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 26 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 27 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 28 kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 29 (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 30 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.
答案
A
1．down 2．stuck 3．calmly 4．supplies 5．was coming 6．worse 7．to make 8．dead 9．perseverance 10．with
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙克尔顿在遭遇轮船沉没等一系列糟糕的情况后乘船去求救，以及队员们等待救援的过程。
1．考查固定短语。句意：当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我。turn down“拒绝”，是固定短语，根据句意，故填down。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：耐力号被困在冰里，我们不得不弃船。分析句子可知，此处用非谓语动词形式作表语，stick与主语Endurance是被动关系，用过去分词作表语，故填stuck。
3．考查副词。句意：沙克尔顿平静地把我们叫到一起告诉我们要抢救最重要的物资。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填calmly。
4．考查名词复数。句意同上。此处作宾语用名词形式，表示“基本物资”，用复数，故填supplies。
5．考查动词时态。句意：我们在冰上扎营，一直在设法生存，但是春天来了，冰很快就要融化了。根据前后文语境，描述过去将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时，come用过去进行时表示将来，且主语spring是单数，故填was coming。
6．考查形容词比较级。句意：大象岛上的情况每况愈下。根据句意，使用固定短语from bad to worse，表示“每况愈下；越来越糟糕”，故填worse。
7．考查不定式。句意：沙克尔顿离开我们，到1320公里外的南乔治亚岛去寻求帮助——这次航行太危险，对我们所有人来说都太困难了，我们不能用小船去。分析句子可知，此处用不定式构成不定式复合结构“for all of us to make it in our small boats”作状语，修饰difficult，故填to make。
8．考查形容词。句意：没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都死了。be动词后接形容词作表语，dead“死的”作表语，故填dead。
9．考查名词。句意：他们对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。形容词性物主代词their修饰名词，作宾语，persevere的名词形式是perseverance，不可数名词，故填perseverance。
10．考查介词。句意：他们对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。Fill…with…“用……充满……”，是固定短语，根据句意，故填with。
B
11．into 12．Staying 13．drank 14．were 15．changing 16．for 17．optimistic 18．in 19．persevere 20．back
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者跟随Shackleton航行的经历。
11．考查介词。句意：我们看着Shackleton和船驶离象岛，我们的生活陷入常规的循环往复。fall into“陷入”，固定短语，故填into。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：活下去花费了我们所有的时间和精力。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母应大写，故填Staying。
13．考查一般过去时。句意：我们把冰融化，然后喝里面的水。空处是和“melt”并列的谓语动词，应用动词过去式，故填drank。
14．考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有海洋动物，我们都会挨饿。此处表示虚拟的条件句，应用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时，be动词通用were，故填were。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须小心不要太频繁地外出，因为不断变化的气温会使我们生病。change和名词“temperature”之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填changing。
16．考查介词。句意：我们22个人就这样在寒冷中生活了4个月。“for+一段时间”是固定用法，故填for。
17．考查形容词。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。空处应用形容词作宾补，optimistic“乐观的”，形容词，故填optimistic。
18．考查介词。句意同上。in a…way“以……方式”，固定搭配，故填in。
19．考查动词。句意：我们对Shackleton的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活了下来。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，故空处用动词原形，故填persevere。
20．考查动词短语。句意：他们给我们的回报是承诺将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。结合句意可知，此处指“他以他的承诺回报我们”，pay back“偿还，回报”，故填back。
C
21．dreaming 22．secretly 23．to be found 24．out 25．stuck 26．Under 27．threw 28．which 29．encouragement 30．the
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Perce Blackhorow经历的一次冒险之旅。
21．考查时态。句意：作为一个既有激情又有耐力的年轻人，Perce Blackhorow早就梦想着像样的冒险。根据句意可知，“dream of”意为“梦想……”，为动词短语，句中“梦想”的动作从过去的过去开始，一直持续到过去的某个时间点，动作仍在进行，故句子应用过去完成进行时，句式为“主语+had been doing+其他”，dream的动词ing形式为dreaming。故填dreaming。
22．考查副词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。分析句子可知，句中“hid”为动词，意为“隐藏”，前面应用副词修饰，secret意为“秘密的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为secretly，意为“秘密地”。故填secretly。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“hid”且句中无连词，故应用find的非谓语动词形式，find意为“发现”，动词词性，“only to do”意为“结果……”，表示意料之外的结果，故句中应用动词不定式作结果状语，句子主语Perce与find之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式“to be done”，find的过去分词为found。故填to be found。
24．考查固定短语。句意：结果是一段艰难的旅程。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“turn out to be…”，意为“结果是……”，故空格处应用out。故填out。
25．考查固定短语。句意：当他们接近南极洲时，船陷在了冰里，他们不得不弃船。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“get stuck”，意为“被卡住，被困住”，句中指船被困在冰里，stick意为“插入”，动词词性，stuck为stick的过去分词。故填stuck。
26．考查介词。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“under the guidance of …”，意为“在……的指导下”，故空格处应用介词Under，句首单词首字母大写。故填Under。
27．考查时态。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意和句中“kept”可知，句中讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，throw意为“扔”，动词词性，过去式为threw。故填threw。
28．考查定语从句。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为banjo，为物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
29．考查名词。句意：正是来自Bless Frank Wild的真诚鼓励和关心使他振作起来。分析句子可知，句子为强调句，强调主语“the genuine _____ and concern from Bless Frank Wild”，句中“genuine”意为“真诚的”，形容词词性，后应接名词在句中作主语，encourage意为“鼓励”，动词词性，对应的名词为encouragement，意为“鼓励”，为不可数名词。故填encouragement。
30．考查冠词。句意：意识到他不应该因为他们所面临的逆境而变得自私，他学会了乐观和坚定。分析句子可知，句中“adversity”意为“逆境”，名词词性，根据句中“they were faced with”可知，句中特指“他们所面临的逆境”，故应用不定冠词the修饰，表示特指。故填the
答案第1页，共2页Unit4重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习
(重点单词全覆盖)
基础达标
重点单词变形
1．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
2．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→ adj.不幸的→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地→ n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款
3．recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)→ adj.娱乐的；消遣的
4．guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → n.指南；手册；导游；向导 v.指路；指导→ adj.有导游的；有向导的
5．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 → vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 → (缩写 ad.) n. 广告；启事
6．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→ n.(缩写 Corp.) 公司；法人；法人团体
7．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 → adv. 粗略地；大致地
8．navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→ v.领航；航行；导航
9．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的 (SYN devoted; faithful)→ adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的→ n.忠诚；忠实
10．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → vt.承诺；保证(某个人；机构等) ；vi.忠于；全心全意投入→ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
11．motive n.动机；原因；目的→ vt.成为......的动机；激发；激励
→ adj.积极的；主动的 → n.动力；积极性；动机
12．qualification n. 技能条件，资格→ v. 使合格；取得……资格→ adj. 有资格的
13．sinker n.（钓丝等的）锤；下坠球→ v. 下沉；沉没
14．resolver n. 解决问题的人；分解器→ v. 解决；决定
15．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的／坏的→ n.脾气；火气
16．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 → n.残忍；残酷
17．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 → adv.深入地；彻底地；细致地
18．furniture n.家具→ v.在(房屋等)处布置家具 → adj.(房屋，房间等)配备家具的
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
19．Morning and night, Mother Bird is there until her baby’s old enough to leave the nest.
20．What do you think “strangers under the same roof” means
21． Tensions between doctors and patients seem to rise.
22．He has dark skin, with lots of red spots on it.
23．Many lonely people in the community are easy targets of cheating.
24．Sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.
25．All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship.
26．After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly.
27．He refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on doing scientific research.
28．You’d better give us a rough idea of your price.
29．He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
30．In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.
31．We had rather a rough time.
32．The little boy has a rough tongue.
短语翻译
英译汉
1. turn sb down ________________
2. make it ________________
3. set off ________________
4. turn back________________
5. hold on________________
6. fall behind________________
7. in all directions________________
8. lead to________________
9. be enthusiastic about________________
10. make fire________________
11. give off________________
12. consist of________________
13. pay back________________
14. at times________________
汉译英
15.梦想（做）某事________________
16.每况愈下；越来越糟________________
17.毕竟；终究________________
18.困于，停止不前，动弹不得________________
19.振作精神________________
20.超过，不止，不仅仅；非常________________
21.在……岁时________________
22.为……自豪________________
23.尽某人最大努力________________
24.困于……，陷入……________________
25.处理；解决；对付________________
26.决定；选定________________
27.转换（话题）________________
28.安排……________________
29.(时间、空间）在……前面；早于________________
单句语法填空
Everyone is so (envy) of her.
Those candidates (wait) in the hall for over two hours.
I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel (qualify) to comment.
The president made a (commit) to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
5．The government is pressing for an early (resolve) of the dispute.
6．Escape can be a strong (motive) for travel.
7．We as individuals can also be committed to (reduce) our carbon footprint on the environment.
8．At the bad news that he would be put on trail, his heart (sink).
9．Today I am as about my job as the first day and my enables me to treat my job ．(enthusiastic)
10． ( cruel) to animals really makes me see red (怒不可遏).
11．He (sleep) for 6 hours and still can`t wake up.
12．My mother (clean) the furniture the whole weekend.
13．Have you finished the report
-No, I (do) it all by myself.
14．These flowers (give) off a strange smell this morning.
15．Put an (advertise) in the local paper to sell your car.
完成句子
1．偏巧那天他不在。
he was not present that day.
2．当我向他求助时，他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我，这让我几乎要哭了。
When I , he without hesitation, which put me on the verge of crying.
3．那时，我们唱歌以保持情绪高涨。
We sang songs to at that time.
4．as引导时间状语从句 当我们接近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。
Endurance became stuck in the ice Antarctica.
5．这栋楼房和那一栋一样明亮。
This building is .
6．我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。(keep复合结构) (汉译英)
Our discipline and team spirit and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
7．It (so) happened that...“碰巧；恰好；正巧”
Well, one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸，看到了关于南极探险的广告。
I wouldn’t (拒绝) such a high-paid job, because I don’t have a better option.
9．勇敢地面对逆境,你会变得更坚强、更坚定。(adversity, 祈使句)
___________ and you will become tougher and more determined.
10．When we arrived at the airport, he had already (登机). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
11．他们是那么小的孩子，以至于他们不能自己打扫房子。
They are little children they cannot clean the house by themselves.
12．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办
when I study English
13．最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
When we were finally rescued, we felt that many of us could not .
14．你失业好几个月了，怎么能拒绝这么好的工作呢
How could you such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months
15．马蒂一直努力写书，他想他到周五为止将已经完成了。
Marty really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
16．这个月天天下雨。
It every day this month.
17．你看了多久电视了
How long TV
18．他们已经来这里三年了。
They for three years.
19．我多年来一直在学习汉语。
I Chinese for many years.
20．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago (一直在帮助) young people since 1996. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
21．Ever since middle school, he _______________ taking a great bike trip.
从中学起，他就一直梦想着进行一次大型的自行车之旅。
22．In recent years, military forces (指定, 指派) help with peacekeeping. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
23．半个月以来，他一直在为学校篮球赛做准备。(现在完成进行时)
For half a month, he _________________________________ .
24．全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been in recent years.
In order to complete the task in advance, she (一直忙于工作) the work these days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
能力提升
语法填空
A
When I applied to join an expedition, Shackleton turned me 1 .But I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance.
The journey had not been easy. Endurance became 2 (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon the ship. Shackleton 3 (calm) called us together and told us to rescue our most essential 4 (supply).We were camped on the ice and we had been managing to survive, but spring 5 (come), and the ice would soon begin to melt. Things on Elephant Island were going from bad to 6 . Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometers away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us 7 (make) it in our small boats. If Shackleton failed, would we have any hope of rescue No.
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there was after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be 8 (die) by now. Their genuine concern for others, their 9 (persevere), and their resolve filled me 10 hope.
Perhaps there was a chance we would return home, after all.
B
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island and gradually our life fell 11 a regular pattern. 12 (stay) alive took all our time and energy. We melted ice and 13 (drink) the water from it. The only fuel was animal fat. If it 14 (be) not for sea animals, we would all starve. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the 15 (change) temperatures could make us ill.
The twenty two of us lived like this in the cold 16 four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 17 (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears 18 a positive and successful way. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us 19 (perseverance) in staying alive. And he paid us 20 by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
C
As a young man of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackhorow had long been 21 (dream) of decent adventure. So he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 22 (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only 23 (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned 24 to be a tough journey. The ship got 25 (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 26 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 27 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 28 kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 29 (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 30 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.
