专题01 中华传统文化-中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练（含解析）

中考英语热点时文阅读
专题01 中华传统文化
姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：_________
（1）文章导读
阅读理解
A篇：七夕节：七夕今宵看碧霄，牵牛织女渡河桥。七夕节中国传统节日，国家级非物质文化遗产之一。千百年来，爱的赞歌跨越时空。那么，七夕节如何产生的呢？
B篇：春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。
C篇：犬子、楷模、令郎.....古人的称谓里大有学问。
D篇：买“东西”、意见相“左”……方位词折射出的中华文化内涵。
E篇：才高八斗、半斤八两......那些数字里面表达中华文化的一些内涵。
完形填空
Cloze1中国传统经典故事——抛砖引玉。
Cloze2中国传统经典故事——程门立雪。
阅读回答问题：国学故事——德才兼备。
A、阅读理解
At night when the sky is dotted with stars, and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south．On each bank of it is a bright star, which see each other from afar．They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation．And Qixi Festival came into being, It is Chinese traditional festival which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month．Indeed, most Chinese remember being told the story of a romantic tragedy (浪漫悲剧) when they were children.
It’s the story of Zhinv, or the Weaving Maid, and her husband Niulang the Cowherd.
Niulang and Zhinv are both gods in Chinese mythology．Niulang is responsible for the heavenly cow．Zhinv is the youngest daughter of the Heavenly Queen Mother and the Jade Emperor．She is good at weaving（编织）and her job is to create clouds.
Niulang and Zhinv fell in love with each other at first sight．This was against the law of Heaven! The Heavenly Queen Mother felt angry．She sent Niulang down to the earth to herd（放牧）cows．Zhinv, meanwhile, was made to create colourful clouds all day long．She missed Niulang and kept crying.
One day, Zhinv and her sisters were allowed to take a bath on the earth．When they were bathing．Niulang happened to walk past．Zhinv immediately recognized him．The two were so excited! They got married and lived happily on the earth．They even had two lovely children.
But good times rarely last．After learning about Niulang and Zhinv's marriage, the Heavenly Queen Mother sent soldiers to bring her daughter back．Niulang felt sad．What would life be like without Zhinv Seeing this, one of his cows told him, "If you kill me and put on my skin, you will be able to travel to Heaven to see Zhinv．Unwillingly, Niulang did as he was told．Then, he set out to find his wife.
This made the Heavenly Queen Mother even angrier．She created a large river to separate the two．Unable to cross the river, Niulang cried all day and all night．The deep love between Niulang and Zhinv moved some magpies,（喜鹊）The birds built a colourful bridge across the river, allowing the two to reunite.
In the end, the Heavenly Queen Mother was also moved．She allowed Niulang and the two children to stay in Heaven．The family is now able to reunite once a year --on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
This is how Qixi came into being．The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).
Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find two bright stars, identified as Niulang and Zhinv, shining on opposite sides of the Milky Way.
Qixi later became not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls．It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival” or “Daughters’ Festival”.
1．According to the article, why did the Heavenly Queen Mother send Niulang down to the earth.
A．Because he and Zhinv got married.
B．Because he performed terribly in his job.
C．Because he was impolite to her daughters.
D．Because he fell in love with her youngest daughter.
2．According to the article, when did Zhinv and Niulang meet again after Niulang had been sent down to the earth
A．While Zhinv was taking a walk alone on the earth.
B．While Niulang was going on holiday in Heaven.
C．While Zhinv was bathing on the earth with her sisters.
D．While the Heavenly Queen Mother was sleeping deeply.
3．According to the article, how was Niulang able to travel to Heaven
A．By crying all day and all night.
B．By killing one of his cows and putting on its skin.
C．By asking some magpies to build a bridge for him.
D．By begging the Heavenly Queen Mother for a chance.
4．We can learn from the article that__________.
A．Zhinv and Niulang now meet every year on July 7th
B．Zhinv is now able to see her children only once a year
C．in the end, both Zhinv and Niulang were driven out of Heaven
D．the Heavenly Queen Mother has allowed Zhinv to many Niulang
5．What is the passage mainly about
A．The love story of Zhinv and Niulang.
B．How Qixi Festival came into being.
C．How Chinese people celebrate Qixi Festival．
D．What Chinese people do on Qixi Festival
B、阅读理解
When you think of festivals, which one comes to your mind first For many Chinese people, it must be Spring Festival, while for most Westerners, it might be Christmas．There are many legends and customs about these two important festivals．They may look different, but both carry people’s best wishes.
A red and busy holiday
The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, is a time for all Chinese families to get together．And for kids, it may be the happiest time of the year.
Preparations for Spring Festival in China started far ahead of New Year’s Day．One common custom is to decorate doors with the characters fu and chunlian.
People stick the character fu, or “happiness” on red posters, upside down on the door．This is because the Chinese character dao (upside down) has the same sound as another dao, which means “arrive”．Placing fu upside down means the arrival of happiness．While chunlian, or spring couplets, refers to two pieces of red paper with auspicious (吉祥的) words written on them – they are usually glued by the sides of the doors.
In Chinese, we refer to “celebrating Spring Festival” as “guo nian”, meaning keeping the monster (怪兽) of Nian away.
It is said that a long time ago, a monster called Nian ate people on Spring Festival Eve．But Nian was afraid of loud noises, the color red and fire．So, people played drums and gongs (锣), set off fireworks and put up red lanterns to scare Nian．This is still how people celebrate Spring Festival today.
Tree carries best wishes
Christmas is on Dec 25, when many families in the West get together and enjoy the holiday fun.
On Christmas Eve, a grandpa is said to be very busy sending gifts to children．We usually call him Santa Claus, who always wears a red coat and hat．A reindeer (驯鹿) called “red-nose Rudolph” works with eight other reindeer to pull Santa’s sleigh (雪橇) so he can travel fast．Children hang Christmas stockings (袜子) on their beds and they find gifts in them on Christmas morning.
In every family, it wouldn’t be Christmas without a beautiful tree．Days before the holiday season, Western children begin decorating Christmas trees with colorful lights and stars．Where did the first Christmas tree come from There are many stories about it.
One is about the German, Martin Luther．As he was walking through the forest one Christmas Eve, he saw millions of stars above evergreen trees．He thought it was beautiful, so he cut down a small tree and took it home to his family and put candles on it.
Another story is about a poor woodsman．He met a lost and hungry child on Christmas Eve and gave the child food．He woke up the next morning to find a beautiful tree outside his door．The hungry child was an angel (天使), and he wanted to thank the man.
1．Why do people often stick the character fu upside down on the door when Spring Festival comes
A．because fu means happiness.
B．because it means the arrival of happiness．
C．because it is a Chinese traditional custom.
D．because it’s convenient to do that.
2．Why do people often set off fireworks on Spring Festival Eve
A．because they like to be lively.
B．because they want to enjoy themselves.
C．because they think loud noise can drive away the monsterNian.
D．because they think it can bring them good luck.
3．Which of the following statement is right
A．Spring couplet are often sticked on themiddleofthe door.
B．People often get together and enjoy their fun during Christmas and Spring Festival.
C．Santa’s sleigh is often pulled by eight reindeer.
D．The first Christmas tree only came from Martin Luther’s story.
4．What is the main idea of this paragraph
A．How people celebrate these two festivals.
B．How these two festivals came into being.
C．Some legends and customs about these two festivals.
D．The same and differences between these two festivals.
C、阅读理解
Titles like “quanzi” and “kaimo” have rooted (植根于) themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture．What do they refer to Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are
Modesty and respect
Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi (犬子)．They believe that dogs are humble (卑微的) animals．When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest (谦虚的)．Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful．However, they don’t usually talk about this in front of others．Instead, they try to play it down．This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses hansha (寒舍), which means “my humble home”.
Although people are modest about themselves, they compliment (夸赞) others a lot．They call their own sons quanzi, but others’ sons linglang (令郎), which is a respectful way to say “your son”.
Trees of character
In Chinese, kaimo (楷模) means “role model”．Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side．This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China, although there are different opinions about this.
According to Duan Chengshi, a botanist (植物学家) who lived during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China．It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius’ tomb (孔子墓).The trunks (树干) of these trees were very straight．Some people thought they were like Confucius’ character (人格) – straight and upright.
Legend has it that the mo trees grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou (周公), a statesman (政治家) of the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC)．The color of the mo tree’s leaves was said to be pure (纯正的), making the tree a symbol of purity and integrity (正直)．Since the kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two respected people, kaimo was then used to refer to role models in general, according to Sun Yi, a scholar (学者) who lived during the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
1．Why did ancient Chinese often call their son quanzi
A．Because they wanted to express their modesty.
B．because they wanted to show off their talent.
C．Because they had a high expectation for their children.
D．Because quanzi is a great title.
2．According to Duan Chengshi, what was the kai tree like
A．Its leaves were pure and had a deep meaning.
B．It grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou.
C．Its trunk was straight and upright.
D．It was a symbol of purity and integrity.
3．Why did Chinese use kai mo to stand for “role model”
A．Because kai and mo both grew near Confucius’ tomb.
B．Because kai and mo both grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou
C．Because they had some respected characters which were similar to Confucius and the Duke of Zhou.
D．Because kai and mo used to be two kinds of the most popular trees.
4．What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A．Some introduction to some titles ancient Chinese used.
B．Some ideas and stories behind some ancient titles.
C．What the titles “quanzi” and “kaimo” mean.
D．How ancient Chinese called others.
D、阅读理解
Many Chinese words include directions or positions such as “east”, “west”, “left” and “right”．For example, we say mai dongxi (买东西) instead of mai nanbei (买南北)．What is the Chinese history and culture hidden behind these words
Up or down
We use shang cesuo (上厕所) to mean “go to the bathroom” and xia chufang (下厨房) to mean “go to the kitchen”．Why
In ancient times, houses were laid out (安排) in a certain way．The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part．
On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom．In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as shang (上) and “the south” as xia (下)．So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen．
Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions, but also social status (地位).Shang was seen to be noble (尊贵的), while xia stood for humility (谦卑)．For example, people used huangshang (皇上) to refer to the emperor and dianxia (殿下) to refer to princes who had a lower status than the emperor.
Left or right
In Chinese, we say yijian xiangzuo (意见相左) when we have different opinions．Why is it not yijian xiangyou (意见相右)
Most people today are right-handed．They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks．This was true in old times as well．So in ancient Chinese, “left” was related to being different or opposing (反对) someone, such as in yijian xiangzuo．If people don’t follow commonly accepted beliefs and opinions, we say they are pangmen zuodao (旁门左道)．
“Left” and “right” also have something to do with people’s social status．For a long time in ancient China, “right” stood for higher status than “left”．For example, the character “佑”, developed from “右”, means a person in a higher position would protect someone in a lower position．On the contrary (相反), “佐” means low-status people would serve high-status people．
Where to buy things
When going shopping, Chinese people say mai dongxi, instead of mai nanbei.
One theory (说法) says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’an, the national capital at the time．One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market．When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market．As time went by, people started to describe shopping as mai dongxi.
Another theory is related to China’s trading history．Around the 15th century, the Ming Dynasty began trading with the world, and it so happened that most of its imported (进口的) goods came from the east (Japan) and west (Arabia, 阿拉伯半岛)．Markets sold “things from the east and the west”, which was later simplified (简化) to “east and west”.
1．Which word "shang" in the following phrases expresses the same meaning as the word "shang" in the phrase "shangcesuo"
A．huangshang（皇上）B．shangliushehui (上流社会)
C．beishanglieche (北上列车)D．shangke (上课)
2．Which Chinese phrase shows the cultural meaning of Chinese words mentioned in the passage
A．左顾右盼B．七上八下C．无出其右D．日落西山
3．People use “left” to show _____.
a．difference b．protection c．different directions d．low status
A．ab B．ad C．bc D．bd
4.Which of the following statements is right
A.“dong” and “xi” in ancient Chinese refer to markets.
B．If people have different opinions, we can say they are pangmenzuodao.
C．“Going down to the kitchen” means the kitchen is usually built in the lower place in ancient China.
D．“dong” and “xi” may refer to goods which came from the east and west countries.
5．What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A．It tells us how to use some Chinese sayings.
B．It tells us what is the meaning of some Chinese sayings.
C．It tells us some words about directions or positions have different meanings now.
D．It tells us the Chinese history and culture are hidden behind these words about directions or positions.
E、阅读理解
Many Chinese idioms contain numbers, such as caigao badou (才高八斗) and banjin baliang (半斤八两)．Why do they have something to do with numbers
A talented person
The idiom caigao badou is used to describe a talented person．It is based on a story about Cao Zhi (192-232), the younger son of Cao Cao (155-220), a warlord (诸侯) who lived during the Three Kingdoms period．
Cao Zhi was one of the best poets of his time.Besides his poetry, his fu (赋) was also excellent．His works, such as Luoshen Fu (《洛神赋》), are full of beautiful descriptions.
Xie Lingyun (385-433) was a famous poet who lived during the Eastern Jin Dynasty．He was quite proud of his own writing, but also admired Cao Zhi’s talent．He once said to others: “Heaven only gave the world one dan of talent, and Cao Zhi alone had eight dou．I deserve (值得) one dou, and all the other poets should share the last one dou.”
The dan used was an ancient Chinese measurement for grain．One dan is equal to 10 dou．The idiom can be translated into “eight bushels of talent” in English.
Standing tall
In China, people often say “standing like a 7-chi-tall man”（堂堂七尺男儿)．How tall exactly is a 7-chi-tall man
When people say qichi naner (七尺男儿), they’re usually referring to a man who is tall and strong．However, it’s not easy to tell exactly how long seven chi is．As a traditional Chinese unit of length, the measurement of chi has changed often over time.
In earlier times, such as the Shang Dynasty (16th century-11th century BC), one chi was about 16 cm．So seven chi would be equal to about 110 cm．A 7-chi-tall man at the time would be a little person.
When it came to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), one chi became longer and reached 24.2 cm．So seven chi would be about 170 cm, an average height today.
In the following dynasties, chi kept growing longer．It became about 30 cm in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and finally 35.5 cm in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．It means that a 7-chi-tall man would be 248.5 cm．That would be a real giant!
Same difference
The idiom banjin baliang (半斤八两) means “same difference”．
One jin and eight liang used to be the same．Chinese people measured weight differently in the past．At that time, one jin (500 grams) was made up of 16 liang．So half of one jin was eight liang.
People used a steelyard balance (杆秤) to weigh things．It had 16 gradations (秤星) on its arm．Each gradation stands for one star in the sky．The 16 gradations stand for 16 stars – the Big Dipper (北斗七星), Sagittarius (南斗六星) and the stars of fortune, prosperity and longevity (福禄寿星).
It was said that if you cheated someone while trading, you would lose the blessing (庇佑) of these stars．This helped to keep people honest while trading.
After 1949, China started to do more international trade．To make things easier, we changed 16 liang for one jin into 10 liang for one jin.
1．From the text, “caigaobadou” first mainly described a talented person, his name was________
A．Cao CaoB．Xie LingyunC．the other poetsD．Cao Zhi
2．What can we learn from Xie Lingyun’s words
A．He thinks highly of Cao Zhi’s talents.
B．He thinks he deserves more dou than Cao Zhi.
C．He looks down on all the other poets except himself.
D．He thinks all poets should share the same amount of talent.
3．According to the text, how tall exactly a 7-chi-tall man in the Three Kingdoms period
A．It was about 110cm．B．It was about 170cm.
C．It was about 231cmD．It was about 248cm
4．Which of the following statements is not right
A．The idiom “caigaobadou” usually refers to a talented person.
B．In ancient China, Dan only referred how much talent a person had．
C．The idiom “7-chi-tall man” usually refers to a man who is tall and strong.
D．Before 1949, banjin weighed the same as eight liang.
5．How did the belief in the stars help keep people honest while trading
A．People who cheated others would lose the blessing of the stars.
B．People who cheated others would gain the blessing of the stars.
C．People who cheated others would become wealthy.
D．The belief in the stars did not affect people’s honesty while trading.
完形填空
Cloze1
During the Tang Dynasty, there lived a man named Zhao Gu．He was good at writing ___1___ and so many people enjoyed reading them．
One day, people who liked Zhao’s poems got together．They ___2__ about Zhao’s old works happily．But it was such a pity that Zhao didn’t write ___3__ poems very often．So they discussed how they could get Zhao to write．
After a while, a man said, “Zhao will travel to Yuhang in Zhejiang province．He will ___4___ visit Lingyan Temple because it is very famous.” He ___5___, “Let’s do something before he arrives.”
Finally they came up with a good ___6___．There was a wall in the temple for people to write．So they invited a man to write only two lines of poem on the wall．
After several days, Zhao went to Lingyan Temple．When he saw the two lines of poem on the temple wall, he could not help adding another two lines to make it a ___7___ poem with four lines．
When Zhao’s fans ___8___ it, they were excited．The man was not as ___9__ as Zhao, but the two lines led to Zhao’s wonderful poem．This could be described as “throwing a brick to attract jade (碧玉).”
Now people often express in this way when they give an opinion or a speech．It is a polite and modest way to show their hope in seeing other people offer something ____10____．Have you learnt it
1．A．letters B．poems C．stories D．articles
2．A．said B．talked C．spoke D．wrote
3．A．funny B．useful C．great D．new
4．A．surely B．correctly C．suddenly D．carefully
5．A．wrote B．finished C．described D．continued
6．A．idea B．survey C．sign D．present
7．A．strange B．simple C．complete D．difficult
8．A．heard about B．waited for C．cleaned up D．looked after
9．A．beautiful B．polite C．talented D．quiet
10．A．smaller B．worse C．better D．bigger
Cloze2
Respecting teachers has always been a tradition in China．Yang Shi was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty．One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question．To get a ____1____ answer, he went to visit Cheng Yi, the famous philosopher．At Cheng’s house, however, the guarding kid told him that Mr．Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his ____2____ and asked him to go back．Yang ____3____ to leave, so the kid left him alone and went in.
After a while, it began to snow ___4___．The little boy came out again and reminded Yang that Mr．Cheng might spend the whole afternoon meditating．He invited Yang to warm himself in the house to ____5____ the wind and snow．But Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside in order that he could ask Cheng’s ____6____ on the question.
As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside．When Cheng ____7____ this, he came out to see Yang．When the door was opened, everyone was ___8____．The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still, without ___9___ his feet．“Young man, why are you so silly You could have come again someday!” Cheng took Yang to the room at once．
Cheng was very happy and accepted Yang as his student because of Yang’s politeness and efforts．He told Yang all his philosophical thoughts．That made a big ___10___ to Yang’s life．Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country.
1．A．simple B．correct C．long D．popular
2．A．farm B．car C．hotel D．room
3．A．hoped B．decided C．refused D．wanted
4．A．heavily B．early C．deeply D．carefully
5．A．find B．avoid C．catch D．hide
6．A．method B．rule C．record D．opinion
7．A．heard B．achieved C．forgot D．received
8．A．excited B．relaxed C．shocked D．bored
9．A．smelling B．washing C．cutting D．moving
10．A．difference B．choice C．decision D．plan
阅读回答问题
There is a story in the book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》) by Chinese historian Sima Guang.
Zhi Xuanzi was the head of a big clan (家族) in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period
(770-476 BC)．He wanted a clan member, Zhi Yao, to be his successor (继承人).However, another man in the
clan, Zhi Guo, was against the idea．Zhi Guo listed five strong points of ZhiYao．For example, he was good at
riding and shooting．He was decisive (果断的) and talkative．But Zhi Guo said that he had a big problem: his
morals (道德)．He had an unkind heart.
Still, Zhi Xuanzi didn’t listen to the idea．Zhi Yao became the head of the clan．With his leadership
abilities, he quickly made his clan the strongest in Jin．However, because of his aggressive style, three other clans
worked together to fight against the Zhi clan．Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten.
Sima Guang used this story to stress the importance of morals．Talent is not enough．He said that excellent
people must have both talent and virtue ．
Those who have virtue but no talent might work inefficiently (低效地)．Those who have talent but no virtue might not use their talent properly．Those who have both talent and virtue were called xiancai (贤才) in ancient times．If you ask which one is more important between the two, it must be virtue．Only if a person has virtue can he or she get on the right track .
In 2018, when President Xi Jinping talked with students and teachers at Peking University, he mentioned Sima Guang’s ideas．He said good education should develop both a person’s virtues and talents．Educators must follow this idea．As students, we can also make it our goal.
1．Who wrote the book History as a Mirror
2．In ZhiGuo’s opinion, what were Zhi Yao’s strong points
3．Why was ZhiGuo against Zhi Yao becoming the next leader
4．What happened to the Zhi clan under Zhi Yao’s leadership
5．What should excellent people be like, according to the story
（2）文章导读
阅读理解A篇： 放假、纳凉、外卖……古代人生活方式是如何的呢？
B篇：中秋节和感恩节，都是与家人团聚一起的节日。
C篇：火锅、东坡肉、餐桌礼仪．．．．．．探寻中国饮食文化
D篇：国学故事。千金买马首。
E篇：国学故事。用人如器。
完形填空Cloze1中国传统经典故事——闻鸡起舞。
Cloze2中国传统经典故事——滴水穿石。
Cloze3中国传统经典故事——仓颉造字。
语法填空国学故事——见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也
A阅读理解
Weekends, air conditioners (空调), takeouts… are all common things for modern people．Have you ever wondered if ancient people enjoyed the same lifestyles Let’s take a look．
No weekends In ancient China, there were no weekends because people did not use a weekly calendar．But they could still relax after work．During the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), officials (官员) took one day off every five days．During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), officials worked for 10 days and rested for one day．They usually bathed and washed their hair on their day off, which was called xiumu (休沐)．There were also many public holidays in ancient times, such as Spring Festival, winter solstice and Mid-Autumn Festival．People like farmers and businessmen usually worked most of the year, but even the most hard-working people would take a few days off during Spring Festival．
Smart ways of staying cool In modern times, we can enjoy cold drinks in air-conditioned rooms to stay cool．In ancient times, though people didn’t have these things, they had their own wisdom to get through the heated summer． As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a special department (部门) called the “ice administration” whose workers were responsible for collecting ice blocks (冰块) in winter and storing them in an icehouse．When summer came, people could take the ice blocks home and use them to make their rooms cooler． The ice could also be used to make cold drinks．The “bingjian (冰鉴)” was a type of ancient fridge．It was a big box made of ceramic (陶), wood or metal (金属) filled with ice．People would put drinks inside and close the lid (盖子), and the drinks would become colder over time． There was a kind of pillow made of porcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cool．It is said that Emperor Qianlong (1711-99) of the Qing Dynasty liked these pillows．Ancient people also wove reeds (芦苇) or bamboo into bed mats (垫子) to sleep on．They’re still used today．
Takeouts not a new thing With a takeouts app, you can order any dishes you’d like to eat and they just come to your door within minutes．In fact, takeout is not a new thing． There was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty (960-1279)．According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong (1127-1194) liked to order takeout late at night．His servants would go around the city to pick up dishes and bring them back to the palace． Ordinary people also ordered takeout．Restaurant waiters would go out into the streets and yell (吆喝) out which dishes could be ordered that day．People would then place an order．Later, delivery (递送) workers would bring food to their homes．In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeout worker can be seen on a delivery with food in hand． People at the time even had special meal boxes for takeout dishes．It was a long wooden box with several layers．They also used warming plates made of two layers of porcelain (瓷)．Hot water could be put between them to keep dishes warm．
1．Why were there no weekends in ancient times
A．Because ancient people were more hard-working than modern ones．
B．Because ancient people didn’t use a weekly calendar．
C．Because the emperors didn’t allow their people to have a rest．
D．Because ancient people wanted to make more money．
2．How many ways are mentioned to stay cool in ancient China in the passage
A．One． B．Two． C．Three． D．Four．
3．How did people in ancient times keep takeout dishes warm
A．They put hot water between plates．
B．They lit candles under the dishes．
C．They covered the dishes with thick cloth．
D．They walked fast to deliver (送) the dishes．
4．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．In ancient China, people like farmers and businessmen worked all year round．
B．Ancient people used bed mats made of silk to stay cool．
C．Along the River During the Qingming Festival was painted in Song Dynasty．
D．Modern people still have the same lifestyles as ancient people．
5．Where can we read this passage probably
A．In a novel．B．In a science book．C．In a history magazine．D．In a cooking book．
B阅读理解
Family is important for everyone, no matter if you are from China or abroad．So in both East and West, we have festivals to celebrate family reunions．These festivals include Mid-Autumn Festival in China and Thanksgiving in the US．How are they celebrated and what are the differences Let’s take a look．
Sharing the moonlight
With delicious moon cakes hitting the shops, the Mid-Autumn Festival arrives．It’s on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar．In ancient China, the day was considered a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been collected from the fields．
The full moon is a symbol for family reunions (tuanyuan means reunion in Chinese, with yuan meaning round)．Chinese people celebrate by coming together to eat, drink and be happy．
On the day, food offerings (供品) are traditionally placed at altars (供桌) set up in old yards．Moon cakes are a special festival food．
When it gets dark, people look up at the full moon and drink wine to celebrate or remember friends and relatives who are far from home．“Though miles apart, could men but live forever dreaming they shared this moonlight endlessly! (但愿人长久，千里共婵娟)” wrote Song Dynasty poet Su Shi．
Showing our thanks
Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday of November．The first Thanksgiving was in December of 1621．About 100 English people took a ship, the Mayflower, to a place they named Plymouth in the northeastern US．The winter there was very cold and life was difficult．The American Indians (印第安人) helped them a lot．The English people invited the American Indians to have a big meal to thank them for all of their help．The celebration lasted for three days．
Today, people usually have a family meal on Thanksgiving．They enjoy delicious food such as pumpkins, corn and a big, golden turkey．
There are other traditions on the day．For example, the turkey has a V-shaped bone in the breast．It’s called a wishbone．After roasting, two people each take one end of the bone．They make a wish and then pull．If you get the larger part of the bone, you will get good luck．
The most important part of Thanksgiving is to say “thanks” – this is the spirit of the holiday．People also like to watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade (游行) on TV or play American football．
1．What do people usually do on the Mid-Autumn Festival
a．harvest crops． b．get together with family c．eat mooncakes
d．remember friends and family far away e．write poetry
A．abc B．bcd C．cde D．ade
2．What is the most important part of Thanksgiving
A．To express thanks for help
B．To get the larger part of the V-shaped bone．
C．To get together with family
D．To enjoy delicious food
3．What do the two festivals have in common
A．They both last for 3 days．
B．They both have parades
C．They both have family meals
D．Their traditional food both include chicken．
4．What’s the main idea of this paragraph
A．How the two festivals came into being．
B．Which festival is more traditional
C．How the two festivals are celebrated and what the differences are．
D．Different cultures have different meaning and customs．
C阅读理解
China has rich food culture．There are interesting stories behind some cuisine (菜肴), as well as table manners relating to tableware (餐具)．
Hotpot
Hotpot has been popular among Chinese people for a long time．As early as in the Shang Dynasty (c．16th century–11th century BC), people boiled foods in bronze cauldrons (青铜鼎)．The cauldron had two parts – one was the pot to cook foods in soup, and the other part was a layer (层) or a space inside the cauldron to hold firewood．
People started to have lattice (分格的) hotpot during the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220)．They divided pots into several parts to enjoy different flavors (口味)．
Yuan Mei was a poet and foodie (美食家) in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．He mentioned huoguo, the Chinese name for hotpot, in a book about all kinds of food．At that time, hotpot was very popular．People put all kinds of meat and vegetables into the hotpot．They also used different materials, such as copper (铜) and iron (铁), to make pots．
Dongpo pork
There is a famous Chinese dish called “Dongpo pork”．Does it have anything to do with the great poet Su Dongpo
Yes．Su Dongpo (Su Shi) was a poet who lived during the Song Dynasty (960-1279)．He was the first to make this dish．When he was a local official in Huangzhou, Hubei, he fell in love with cooking pork．In his article Ode to Pork (《猪肉颂》), Su wrote about how to cook it．
According to folk stories, the dish became well-known when Su went to Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to take office．One day, there was a big floodand Su went out to help people．People heard that Su loved eating pork, so they gave him a lot of it．But Su wanted to give it back．He cooked the pork in his own special way．Then he gave the dish to every family in the city and every worker on the street．Very soon the dish became famous in Hangzhou and got the name “Dongpo pork”．
Chopsticks
What are the dos and don’ts of using chopsticks
For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food．They come with their own special rules and traditions．
First, people should not make noise with chopsticks．Playing with chopsticks is seen as rude, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country is．
There are also some superstitions (迷信) related to chopsticks．For example, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl．It looks like the incense (香) that Chinese people use to honor (祭奠) the dead．Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck．
You should not tap chopsticks on the edge (边缘) of the bowl either, as beggars do this to ask for food．
1．When did people start to have lattice hotpots
A．During the Shang Dynasty．
B．During the Qin Dynasty．
C．During the Han Dynasty．
D．During the Qing Dynasty．
2．According to the story, what did Yuan Mei do
A．He added a layer of space to the bronze cauldrons．
B．He wrote about hotpot in his book about cuisine．
C．He taught people to cook meat and vegetables together．
D．He used different materials to make pots．
3．“Dongpo pork” was named after Su Dongpo because _____．
A．he created the dishB．he wrote a poem to praise the dish
C．he spread the dish to more citiesD．people made the dish to remember him
4．People gave Su a lot of pork after he fought the flood because _____．
A．Su tried hard to help themB．they wanted Su to praise their pork
C．they wanted Su to cook pork for themD．they wanted to learn how to cook pork
5．What is a taboo（禁忌） when Chinese people are using chopsticks
A．Using chopsticks to pick up food for guests．
B．Laying chopsticks sideways on the table．
C．Sticking chopsticks in the food and leaving them upright．
D．Picking up things other than food with chopsticks
D阅读理解
During the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), King Zhao of the State of Yan (燕昭王) wanted to gather talented people to make the state strong．He asked the scholar (有学问的人) Guo Wei for advice．Guo told the king a story．
In ancient times, there was a king who wanted a special kind of horse．This horse could run 1,000 li a day．It was called qianlima．He sent many people to find these horses and buy them for him．After three years, nobody found him such a horse．
One day, someone new volunteered to help．Within three months, he heard about a qianlima．He rushed to find it, but the horse was already dead．Still, he bought the bones of the horse with 500 pieces of gold．
The king was very angry．“What I want is a live horse, not the bones of a dead horse!”
The man answered calmly (冷静地), “Imagine this．You’re willing to pay a high price for a dead horse, let alone a live one．This shows people you truly wish to buy the horses．Just wait and the horses you want will come very soon．”
Indeed (的确), within a year, many qianlima owners brought their horses to the king．
Guo told the king that he could see himself as the bones of the horse．“If I am valued (重视), more talent will be willing (愿意的) to serve the state,” he said．The king built houses for Guo and treated him as a teacher．Soon, talented people across the state came to help the king．His state finally beat the State of Qi．
We can better understand the story by reading the essay (文章) On Horses (《马说》) by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty．In the essay, Han wrote that qianlima are common, but a person who can find them is rare．It tells us that talented people are common．Finding them is difficult．
The story helps us understand that talented people are important to society．They deserve (应得) respect．President Xi Jinping once told this story to officials, asking them to respect talented people．More importantly, the story pushes us to think about our own talents．It means to develop your all-around (全面的) abilities and create opportunities for yourself．Instead of waiting for someone to find you, you can actively sell yourself．
1．What did King Zhao of the State Yan actually want to have
A．Talented people． B．Qianlima． C．The bones of a qianlima． D．Wealth．
2．In Guo’s story, the king got angry with the man because he thought _____．
A．qianlima weren’t the best horses in the world
B．there wasn’t a qianlima in the world
C．the bones were not from a qianlima
D．a dead horse was of no use at all
3．What was the man’s reason for buying the bones of a dead horse
A．It could help the king gather talented people．
B．Horse owners would see the king’s need for qianlima．
C．More people would kill their horses to sell horse bones．
D．The king could tell qianlima from common horses this way．
4．Guo compared himself to _____ in the story he told．
A．the volunteer B．the king C．the bones of a dead qianlima D．the qianlima owner
E阅读理解
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister (宰相) Feng Deyi to recommend (推荐) talented people．However, several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone．
“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and well-rounded people at all,” Feng said．
“People are like utensils (器物)．What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths．You should blame (责怪) yourself for not noticing talented people．How could you say that there are no talented people in our era ” said the emperor．
Indeed (的确), each utensil or tool has a specific function (功能)．A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food．We can’t use a knife as a chopstick．Like a utensil, each person has a particular strength．Nobody is perfect．We can’t expect a person to be good at everything．
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds．He offered them important positions , which helped them make the most of their talents．His talented people helped the society develop and created a “golden age”．
A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family．Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted (晋升) him many times．Ma helped the emperor deal withcomplicated issues and became a well-known person in history．
Chang Sheng, Chinese teacher at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China explains as followings:
As long as a person is talented in one aspect, we should give them a chance．The same idea can be found in the Analects of Confucius (《论语》)．Treating people as utensils shows not only good leadership, but a sincere and inclusive (包容的) attitude．President Xi Jinping once told this story to officials, asking them to value talented people．
Today, as the division of labor (劳动分工) in society is becoming clearer, the idea still makes sense．If we become leaders someday, we should help others give full play to their strengths．For example, Liu Bang, the founder of Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220), let Zhang Liang and Xiao He work as advisors for their wisdom while inviting Han Xin to lead the army for his war strategies．Known as the “three heroes of the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strong dynasty．
1．Why couldn’t Feng Deyi find any talented people in Taizong’s opinion
A．There were no talented people then．
B．His standards were wrong．
C．He was afraid of being replaced．
D．He was dissatisfied with the emperor．
2．Knives and chopsticks are compared to _____．
A．positions B．strengthsC．tools D．people
3．Ma Zhou is a good example of people who _____．
A．have no talent but are still useful
B．are unusual and well-rounded
C．know when to take a chance
D．show talent in the right field
4．What might be Chang Sheng’s opinion
A．People with any talent should be valued．
B．Talented people are difficult to discover．
C．Using people as tools is taking advantage of them．
D．Using people as tools doesn’t work today．
5．What is the main message of the story
A．Opportunity only comes to those who are prepared．
B．There is no such thing as a great talent without great willpower．
C．Talented people should be valued and led to the right place．
D．Pearls are everywhere but not the same as eyes．
完形填空Cloze1
ZuTi was a great man of Jin Dynasty．He was ____1____ for his hard work and great achievements．But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的) boy who showed little ____2____ in reading．As he grew up, ZuTi___3____ he didn’t have enough knowledge．And he deeply felt that he could not serve his country well．So he made uphis mind to study hard．
ZuTi had a ___4____ friend named Liu Kun．They had a deep friendship．So they stayed together every day．They even slept on one bed every night and ___5___ at the same time every morning．One day, when they were ____6____, ZuTi heard the rooster crowing (打鸣)．An ____7___ came to him．He woke up Liu Kun and said, “How about getting up to play swords (剑) ”Though he was still sleepy, Liu Kun agreed with ZuTi gladly．From then on, they got up and played swordsas soon as the rooster began crowing．They kept their words day after day．They never gave up no matter how ___8___ in winter or hot in summer．Besides, they began to study history ____9___ and put all their energy into reading books．In this way , they learned a great deal of knowledge and made much progress．A few years later, both of them grew up with talents and wisdom．At last, their ___10____ came true and they made great contributions to their country．
This is the Chinese idiom story To Rise with the Rooster．
1．A．ready B．famous C．late D．sorry
2．A．pride B．respect C．interest D．kindness
3．A．realized B．decided C．imagined D．promised
4．A．rich B．busy C．same D．close
5．A．picked up B．got up C．gave up D．made up
6．A．fighting B．discussing C．sleeping D．reading
7．A．order B．idea C．exam D．ability
8．A．long B．dry C．cold D．quiet
9．A．carefully B．politely C．probably D．recently
10．A．mistakes B．dreams C．hobbies D．difficulties
完形填空Cloze2
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279), there was an official named Zhang Guaiya ____1____ worked in Chongyang county (县), in today’s Hubei．Theft was common – even money from the county’s vault (钱库) _____2____．
One day, Zhang saw a low-ranking official (小吏) ____3____out of the vault in a panic (慌张)．Zhang stopped him and asked, “Why are you ____4____such a hurry ”
“No reason,” said the official．
Zhang remembered the things stolen from the vault．So he asked the guards to search the official___5____．They found a copper coin (铜钱) in____6_____headband (头巾)．
Zhang asked him how much more money he had stolen．The official refused to admit (承认) that he stole ____7_____ ．Zhang ordered the guards to beat him．
The official didn’t____8____．He said, “I only stole a copper coin．You ____9____kill me just because of that!”
Zhang was very angry．He wrote with a red pen, “If you steal a coin every day, there ____10____ a thousand coins after a thousand days．Constant dripping wears away a stone (水滴石穿)．”
“Constant dripping wears away a stone．” This saying ____11_____ us that small things done over time can make a big ____12______．On the one hand, it reminds us ____13_____small bad things．On the other hand, it tells us to persevere (坚持不懈)．
Take learning a language, for example．There is no shortcut (捷径) to success．You have to persist, learning new words, reading and writing．Within a short period, you might not see progress．But____14____you stick to it for months or years, you will make breakthroughs (突破)．
President Xi Jinping once mentioned (提到) this saying in a 1990 speech he made in Ningde, Fujian．Believing in it, Xi led local people to work hard ____15_____get rid of poverty (摆脱贫困)．He often used it to encourage officials to fight against poverty．
1．A．which B．whom C．who D．\
2．A．stole B．was stole C．was stolen D．were stolen
3．A．come B．comes C．came D．to come
4．A．on B．in C．at D．for
5．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．careless
6．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
7．A．something else B．else something C．anything else D．else anything
8．A．give up B．give in C．give away D．give off
9．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
10．A．are B．have C．will be D．will have
11．A．tell B．told C．is told D．tells
12．A．different B．differently C．difference D．differences
13．A．not doing B．don’t do C．not to do D．not to do
14．A．unless B．although C．because D．if
15．A．so B．or C．and D．but
完形填空Cloze3
In ancient Chinese stories, Cangjie created characters (文字)．Cangjie was ___1___, so the leader Huangdi gave him the job of recording things．However, Cangjie found that the job became more ___2___ as the number of the things to record grew．He wanted to ___3___ a way to solve the problem．
One day, Cangjie went hunting with several other people．He ___4___ the hunters chose their way by looking at the different footprints (脚印) of animals．After seeing this, Cangjie thought ___5___ there were different signs for different things, he could remember all the important things easily．Through hard work, he ___6___ created the signs for writing．Huangdi was happy with Cangjie’s work and asked him to teach the signs to others．They all ___7___ Cangjie．Over time he got proud．
Cangjie was teaching a class one day．An old man ___8___ to him carefully．After the class, the old man asked Cangjie, “The signs you ___9___ for the horse and the dog show they have four legs．A cow also has four legs．But why doesn’t the sign for the cow show that ”
Cangjie found he mixed the two signs up when teaching．He felt very ___10___ for that．From then on, Cangjie was more careful about his work．
1．A．kind B．shy C．smart D．brave
2．A．expensive B．interesting C．surprising D．difficult
3．A．find out B．talk about C．lay out D．take up
4．A．thought B．noticed C．agreed D．hoped
5．A．and B．but C．if D．because
6．A．quickly B．clearly C．finally D．easily
7．A．missed B．thanked C．touched D．helped
8．A．listened B．talked C．walked D．pointed
9．A．created B．copied C．changed D．called
10．A．relaxed B．safe C．excited D．sorry
语法填空
No one is an island, so without a doubt, we ___1____( influence) by others．When we see people of high morality (道德), we can follow their lead and learn from them．But when we see someone who may not be good, what should we do Confucius, the ___2___ (famous) teacher and philosopher (哲学家) in ancient China, might give us an answer．
见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。–《论语》
See what is worthy and try to catch up; see what is unworthy and have an introspection．
– The Analects of Confucius
What does it mean
We should first be smart enough to know who is excellent and who is not．Confucius believes that __3 __excellent person has many good qualities (品质), like being kind, fair, polite and honest．However, it’s hard __4 __ (find) someone who is __5 __(complete) perfect．But everyone has __6 __(they) own strengths, and we can learn from them to better ourselves．Likewise (同样), sometimes we may notice things __7 __are wrong with other people．Instead of simply criticizing (批评) others, we should think about if we have similar problems ourselves and how we can correct them．
Just as Confucius said, in a company of three, my teacher there must be (三人行，必有我师焉)．People all have their own qualities worth learning．What’s important is to have the __8 __(able) to find role models around us and be willing (愿意的) to change ourselves．__9 __(Learn) from others can go a long way in helping us become better people．
Did you know
The Chinese nation has always valued this line of Confucius．In September 2013, President Xi Jinping mentioned it __10 __he met the fourth group of national ethical role models (全国道德模范)．He said that people should try to be like these role models by learning from them．The whole society should uphold the values of beauty, uprightness and goodness (真善美) and spread positive energy (正能量)．
参考答案
（1）A、DCBBB
【解析】本文着重介绍中国传统节日-七夕节的来源。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的。Niulang and Zhinv fell in love with each other at first sight． This was against the law of Heaven! ” 可知．牛郎与织女相爱是违背天规的。所以王母娘娘惩罚牛郎下凡放牛。故选D。
2．细节理解题。C根据第三段内容可知。织女下凡洗澡，偶遇牛郎，织女一眼就认出了他。故选C。
3．细节理解题。B 根据第四段中的"．．If you kill me and put on my skin, you will be able to travel to Heaven to see Zhinv．可知．牛郎杀了牛。披上牛皮才得以返回天庭。故选B。
4．细节理解题。B 根据最后一段中的，The family is now able to reunite once a year．．．”可知，牛郎织女一家每年可相聚一次。故选B
5．主旨大意题。从文中介绍七夕节才引出牛郎织女的故事，所以这篇文章着重介绍七夕节如何产生的。答案选B
B、BCBC
【解析】本文介绍春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。
1．细节理解题。从第四段Placing fu upside down means the arrival of happiness．倒贴福字意思是福到。故答案选B
2．细节理解题。But Nian was afraid of loud noises, the color red and fire．So, people played drums and gongs (锣), set off fireworks and put up red lanterns to scare Nian．但是年害怕巨大的噪音，红色和火。所以，人们敲锣打鼓(锣), 放烟花，挂红灯笼吓唬年。从叙述中可知答案选C
3．细节理解题。
A．Spring couplet are often sticked on the middle of the door．．春联经常贴在门中间上。与文中叙述不符故错误。B．People often get together and enjoy their fun during Christmas and Spring Festival．春节和圣诞节都提及家人团聚。故B叙述正确。
C．Santa’s sleigh is often pulled by eight reindeer．从A reindeer (驯鹿) called “red-nose Rudolph” works with eight other reindeer to pull Santa’s sleigh (雪橇) so he can travel fast．这里叙述中圣诞老人雪橇应该是有9头鹿拉着。故C答案错误。
D．The first Christmas tree only came from Martin Luther’s story．圣诞树可能来自马丁路德的故事。故D错误。答案选B
4．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。答案C符合题意。
C、ACCB
【解析】本文介绍犬子、楷模、令郎．．．．．中国古人的称谓里学问。
1．细节理解题。They believe that dogs are humble (卑微的) animals．When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest (谦虚的)．古代中中国人称自己的孩子为犬子，是一种谦卑的说法。故答案选A
2．细节理解题。从The trunks (树干) of these trees were very straight。可知答案选C
3．细节理解题。从最后2段叙述中，中国人用楷模指模范人物，主要因为“楷”“模”自身的特点。正直。像两位圣人一样。故答案选C
4．主旨大意题。这段文章主要介绍。古代中国称谓的一些学问。答案选B。
D、CCBDD
【解析】本文介绍买“东西”、意见相“左”……方位词所含中华文化内涵。
1．推理判断题。通读第三四段。“北”处于上方，“南”处于下方。而厕所门面临东北方向厨房面临西南方，故是“上厕所”“下厨房”，故此判断“北上列车”与“上厕所”的“上”表达相同的意思。故答案选C
2．推理判断题。左右在文中提及2个意思，一是意见不同，二是地位不同。上下除了指北上南下外，还提及地位上下。故三个意思中C。无出其右 “右”地位较高之意。文章提及，故答案选C
3．细节理解题。在文中，“左”提及2个意思，一是地位低的人，其二，意见不同。故答案选B
4．推理判断题。据传说：东，西：指市场在东部或西部。不是指市场。故A说法错误。B错误，如果人们有不同的观点，说明“意见相左”，而不是“旁门左道”。C。“下厨房”指厨房一般建在面临南的地方。故C错误。通读最后一段据传说“买东西”。指来自东部或西部国家的商品。故D说法正确。根。故答案D正确。
5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍古代中文方位词里面包含的一些文化内涵。故答案选D
E、DABBA
【解析】本文介绍一些数字的文化内涵。
1．细节理解题。根据谢灵运的说法，天下才气为一担，曹植占据8斗，自己占据一斗，其余占一斗。所以“才高八斗”开始指曹植。故答案选D
2．推理判断题。从谢灵运的说话中推断他是高度赞扬曹植的才华。故答案选A
3．细节理解题。根据When it came to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), one chi became longer and reached 24．2 cm．So seven chi would be about 170 cm, an average height today．故答案选B。
4．理解判断题。A“才高八斗”指有才气的人。正确。B叙述错误。“7尺男儿”指个子高强壮的男人，正确。1949年前，半斤等于8两。正确。故答案选B
5．细节理解题。从倒数第二段It was said that if you cheated someone while trading, you would lose the blessing (庇佑) of these stars．This helped to keep people honest while trading．有人说，如果你在交易时欺骗了别人，你就会失去这些天上星宿的祝福。这有助于人们在交易时保持诚实。故答案选A
完形填空
Cloze1
1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“抛砖引玉”的故事。
1．句意：他擅长写诗，很多人都喜欢读。
letters信；poems诗；stories故事；articles文章。根据后文“Zhao’s poems”可知，赵嘏是诗人，擅长写诗。故选B。
2．句意：他们愉快地谈论着赵的旧作。
said说；talked谈论；spoke讲话；wrote写。talk about sth“谈论某事”，故选B。
3．句意：但很遗憾的是，赵不是经常写新的诗。
funny有趣的；useful有用的；great极好的；new新的。根据前文“talk about Zhao’s old works”可知，他们谈论赵的旧作，因为他不是经常写新的诗歌。故选D。
4．句意：他一定会去灵岩寺，因为它很有名。
surely必定；correctly正确地；suddenly突然地；carefully仔细地。根据后文“Let’s do something before he arrives．”可知，他们确定赵会去灵岩寺。故选A。
5．句意：他说：“让我们在他到达之前做点什么。”
wrote写；finished结束；described描述；continued继续。根据前文“a man said”可知，他继续说道。故选D。
6．句意：最后他们想出了一个好主意
idea主意；survey调查；sign标志；present礼物。根据后文“There was a wall in the temple for people to write．So they invited a man to write only two lines of poem on the wall．”可知，寺庙里有一面墙供人们写字，所以他们邀请了一个人在墙上只写两行诗。这是他们提出的主意，故选A。
7．句意：当他看到寺庙墙上的两行诗时，他忍不住又加了两行，使之成为一首完整的四行诗。
strange陌生的；simple简单的；complete完整的；difficult困难的。根据“a．．．poem with four lines．”可知，一首完整的诗是四行的。故选C。
8．句意：当赵的粉丝们听说了这件事时，他们都很兴奋。
heard about听说；waited for等待；cleaned up清理；looked after照顾。根据“When Zhao’s fans．．．it, they were excited．”可知，他们听说了这件事很兴奋。故选A。
9．句意：这个人没有赵那么有才华，但这两句话引出了赵的精彩诗句。
beautiful漂亮的；polite礼貌的；talented有天赋的；quiet安静的。根据“but the two lines led to Zhao’s wonderful poem．”可知，前后是转折关系，这个人不如赵有天赋，但是赵写的两句诗句很精彩。故选C。
10．句意：这是一种礼貌而谦逊的方式，表达他们希望看到别人提供更好的东西。
smaller更小的；worse更坏的；better更好的；bigger更大的。根据前文可知，赵的粉丝写了两句诗，是为了让赵写另外两句精彩的诗，即“抛砖引玉”的道理，所以他们希望看到的是别人给出更好的东西。故选C。
Cloze2
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述北宋哲学家杨时拜访另一位伟大的哲学家程颐的故事。
1．句意：为了得到一个正确的答案，他去拜访了伟大的哲学家程颐。
simple简单的；correct正确的；long长的；popular流行的。根据上文“One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question”可知，他是想得到一个正确的答案，故选B。
2．句意：然而，到程颐家时，门童告知程先生正在他房间里冥想并让他回去。
farm农村；car车；hotel宾馆；room房间。由“At Cheng’s house”可知，程颐是在房间里冥想，故选D。
3．句意：杨时拒绝离开，因此门童留下他一个人并进了屋。
hoped希望；decided决定；refused拒绝；wanted想。由“the kid left him alone”以及第二段第四句“Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside”可知，杨时拒绝进屋并一直站在门外，故选C。
4．句意：过了一会儿，外面下起了大雪
heavily大量地；early早地；deeply深地；carefully小心地。根据第三段第四句“The snow was more than a foot deep”可知，雪下得很大，而heavily有“大量地”意思，故选A。
5．句意：他邀请杨时进屋暖暖身，躲避一下风雪。
find找到；avoid躲避；catch抓；hide藏。根据上下文，外面下起了大雪，因此门童邀请杨时进屋躲避风雪，故选B。
6．句意：但是杨时坚持在门外大雪中等候以便能咨询程颐就这个问题的看法。
method方法；rule规则；record记录；opinion观点。根据第一段“One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question”可知，他是来求问程颐的看法，故选D。
7．句意：当程颐得知后，他出门去见了杨时。
heard听闻；achieved获得成就；forgot忘记；received收到。根据上文“As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside”可知，程颐是知晓了杨时还在门外等候，故选A。
8．句意：当门打开后，大家都惊讶了。
excited激动的；relaxed放松的；shocked惊讶的；bored无聊的。根据下文“The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still”可知，大家是被杨时站在厚厚的雪地里的情景惊讶到了，故选C。
9．句意：大雪一英尺深，但是杨时一直站在雪地里，连一个脚印都没有。
smelling闻；washing洗；cutting剪切；moving移动。根据上文“but Yang stood still”可知，杨时站在雪地里一动不动，故选D。
10．句意：那给杨时的人生带来了巨大的改变。
difference变化；choice选择；decision决定；plan计划。根据下文“Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country”可知，杨时后续的成就有一部分原因是因为程颐的思想对他人生的影响，故选A。
阅读回答问题
1．A Chinese historian Sima Guang．
2．He was good at riding and shooting．He was decisive and talkative．
3．Because he thought Zhi Yao had an unkind heart．
4．Because of his aggressive style, three other clans worked together to fight against the Zhi clan．Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten．
5．Excellent people should have both virtue and talent．Virtue puts first, only if a person has virtue can he or she get on the right track ．
答案与解析
A阅读理解
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍古代人的生活方式。
1．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, there were no weekends because people did not use a weekly calendar．”可知，在中国古代，没有周末，因为人们不使用周历。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“People collected ice blocks in winter and stored them in an icehouse．When summer came, people could take the ice blocks home and use them to make their rooms cooler．There was a kind of pillow (枕头) made of porcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cool．Ancient people also made bamboo into bed mats (垫子) to sleep on．”可知，文章提到了三种中国古代保持凉爽的方法，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“They also used warming plates made of two layers (层) of porcelain．Hot water could be put between them to keep dishes warm．”可知，他们还使用由两层瓷器制成的加热板，可以在它们之间放热水来保持盘子的温暖。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival”可知，《清明上河图》绘于宋代，故选C。
5．推理判断题。本文介绍古代人的生活方式，由此推知可能在历史杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C。
B阅读理解
1-4、BACC
【解析】本文介绍中西两种节日——中秋节和感恩节。
1．细节理解题。从中秋节介绍可知，中秋节的活动有，家庭团聚，吃团圆饭，吃月饼，赏月，思念远处亲朋好友。而“没有收割庄稼”“写诗”这2个活动．故答案选B
2．细节理解题．The most important part of Thanksgiving is to say “thanks” – this is the spirit of the holiday感恩节最重要的部分是感恩。故答案选A
3．判断题。这2个节日的活动的共同点是家人们团聚，吃家庭团圆饭。故答案选C
4．主旨大意题。从文中开头我们就可以知道这篇文章介绍这2种节日活动及不同的方面。答案选C
C阅读理解
1-5、CDAAC
【解析】本文介绍中国的饮食文化。
1．细节理解题。从People started to have lattice (分格的) hotpot during the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220)．They divided pots into several parts to enjoy different flavors (口味)．汉代（公元前206年-公元220年），人们开始吃格子火锅。他们把锅分成几个部分来享受不同的味道。故答案选C
2．细节理解题。They also used different materials, such as copper (铜) and iron (铁), to make pots．故答案选D
3．细节理解题。“东坡肉”的得名是因为He cooked the pork in his own special way．故答案选A
4．细节理解题。从One day, there was a big floodand Su went out to help people．People heard that Su loved eating pork, so they gave him a lot of it．可知答案选A
5．细节理解题。文中叙述使用筷子的2个禁忌。不能在饭碗中树立筷子，不能敲碗边。故答案选C
D阅读理解
1-4、ADAC
【解析】国学故事。千金买马首。这则故事告诉我们，只有真心实意地重视人才，才会善于发现和重用人才。
1．A细节理解题。从King Zhao of the State of Yan (燕昭王) wanted to gather talented people to make the state strong．可知答案选A
2．D细节理解题。从The king was very angry．“What I want is a live horse, not the bones of a dead horse!”可知国王认为死马骨没有用。答案选D
3．A这个人通过千金买死马骨的故事向人们展示国王真心实意渴求人才，，所以才有很多人才为国服务的场面。答案选A
4．C从Guo told the king that he could see himself as the bones of the horse。可知答案选A
E阅读理解
1-5、BDDAC
【解析】国学故事。用人就像用器皿一样，各有所用，各有所长。
1．B推理题。封德彝认为没有全面才能的人才。唐太宗就说“People are like utensils (器物)．What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths．人就像器皿。我们需要做的是充分利用他们的优势。说明封德彝评价人才的标准错了。故答案选B
2．D理解判断题。这里用倒和筷子比如不同才能的人。故答案选D
3．D理解判断题。马周能处理复杂的事物，太宗多次提拨，人尽其才。答案选D
4．主旨理解题。国人民大学附属中学昌盛老师解释的故事大意是：用人就像用器皿一样，各有所用，各有所长。我们要珍惜他们包容他们。故答案选A
5．主旨大意题。本文介绍国学故事，用人如器，各取所长。A．Opportunity only comes to those who are prepared．机会只会降临到有准备的人身上。B．There is no such thing as a great talent without great willpower．没有伟大的意志力，就没有伟大的天才。C．Talented people should be valued and led to the right place．人才应该受到重视，利尽其才。D．Pearls are everywhere but not the same as eyes．千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故答案C
完形填空Cloze1
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B
【解析】本文主要讲述了祖逖和刘琨闻鸡起舞的故事。
1．句意：他以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名。
ready准备；famous著名；late迟到的；sorry抱歉的。根据“his hard work and great achievements”可知，以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名；be famous for 因……而出名。故选B。
2．句意：但当他还是个孩子的时候，他是一个顽皮的男孩，对阅读没有什么兴趣。
pride骄傲；respect尊敬；interest兴趣；kindness善意。根据“he didn’t have enough knowledge”可知，对阅读没有什么兴趣；show interest in对……表达兴趣。故选C。
3．句意：当祖逖长大后，他意识到自己知识不够。
realized意识到；decided决定；imagined想象；promised承诺。根据“study hard”可知，意识到自己没有知识；故选A。