一般过去时 用法考点点睛（讲义）2024年中考英语三轮复习 语法微专题

2024年初三英语中考三轮复习 【语法 微专题】
一般过去时 用法考点点睛（讲义）
I did my homework yesterday.
翻译：我昨天做了作业。。
一般过去时：在过去的某一时间内，发生的动作，或存在的状态。
由【主语+动词过去式】构成。
（do-did，v+ed，be-was/were，特殊V变化特殊记）
I did my homework yesterday.
我昨晚做了作业(这个做作业动作，发生在昨天晚上)
I got up at eight this morning.
He had dinner just now.
They were glad to see each other last month.
表示过去的时间状语——标志词
yesterday昨天,
just now刚刚,
a moment ago刚才,
last year去年,
the day before yesterday前天，
in the past在过去，
once upon a time从前...
We watched a cartoon last week.
翻译：上周我们看了一个卡通片。
考点：句型的变化和句型转换
We watched a cartoon last week.
我们上周看了一部动画片。
改为一般疑问句，需要注意两点：
1.用到助动词did，并将其提前至句首。
2.句子里原来的动词watched要变为原形。
Did we watch a cartoon last week？
我们上周看了一部动画片吗？
I did my homework yesterday.
Did I do my homework yesterday？
我昨天做了作业吗？
原句当中的did是一个实意动词，做，而被提前的did是一个助动词(在原句当中被省略了。)
We didn't play basketball yesterday.
Did we play basketball yesterday？
He didn't finish working last night.
Did he finish working last night？
Jack didn't pass the exam the day before yesterday.
Did Jack pass the exam the day before yesterday.
Helen went fishing last Sunday.
翻译：海伦上个星期天去钓鱼了。
对划线部分提问
Helen went fishing last Sunday.
Who went fishing last Sunday？
Helen went fishing last Sunday.
What did Helen do last Sunday？
Helen went fishing last Sunday.
When did Helen go fishing？
助动词did提前，went要恢复成原形go。
She went to the cinema once a month.
When did she go to the cinema？
They played football in the playground yesterday.
Where did they play football yesterday？
特殊动词的过去时，过去分词变化
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged hanged 绞死
hung hung 挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
1. A—A—A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A—A—B型（现在式和过去式同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
beat beat beaten 打

3. A—B—A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A—B—B型（过去式和过去分词同形）
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
5. A—B—C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示

（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形 （现在式） 过去式 过去分词 含义
be(am, is) was been 是
be(are) were
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
考点点睛
在英语当中，一般过去时，就是在表达，在过去的某一时间内，发生的动作，或存在的状态。其结构主语+动词过去式（do-did，v+ed，be-was/were，特殊变化要特殊记）。咱们看第一句话，I did my homework yesterday.我昨晚做了作业，很明显，这个做作业动作，发生在昨天晚上。类似的表达像是，I got up at eight this morning.He had dinner just now.以及，They were glad to see each other last month.等等，他们都是一般过去时。而看了以上例句我们会发现，在一般过去时的句子当中，通常有一个，表示过去的时间状语，比如说yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last year，the day before yesterday，in the past, once upon a time等等。当这类过去的时间状语存在，那么整个句子就是一个一般过去时。
我们说一般过去时是中学英语必考8大时态之一，因此我们对它的考点，也要熟悉，而它最常考的一点就是，一般过去时句型的变化和句型转换等等。其实很多同学，对于一般过去时爱犯糊涂的地方在于，不熟悉动词的变化规则，再加上有时候，连哪个是动词都搞不清楚，因此常常会陷入考官的陷井当中。咱们看第二句话，We watched a cartoon last week.我们上周看了一部动画片。在这里，如果将他改为一般疑问句，则大家需要注意两点，首先，我们要用到助动词，did，并且将他提前，第二，句子里原来的动词watched要变为原型，因此，变化之后的句子应该是，Did we watch a cartoon last week？我们上周看了一部动画片吗？好的，咱们再回到第一个例句，I did my homework yesterday.如果这句话变为一般疑问句，该怎么做呢？其实也很简单，找到助动词did，把他提前，然后将原来句子中的did变为原型do就可以了。因此这句话就变成了，Did I do my homework yesterday？我昨天做了作业吗？在这里，我们要说明一点，原句当中的did是一个实意动词，做，而我们提前的did是一个助动词，在原句当中被省略了。以前，大家经常把do的身份搞混淆，从而犯错误。如今明白了这一点，就不会再犯错了。
类似的练习像是We didn't play basketball yesterday.可以变成，Did we play basketball yesterday？He didn't finish working last night.可以变成，Did he finish working last night？以及Jack didn't pass the exam the day before yesterday.可以变成Did Jack pass the exam the day before yesterday.他们都是这种规律。
再看第三句话，Helen went fishing last Sunday.这句话，如果考大家，对划线部分提问，很多同学也比较爱范糊涂。首先，如果对Helen划线，则用特殊疑问词，who，这句话就变成了，Who went fishing last Sunday？而如果，对went fishing划线，则用特殊疑问词what，他就变成，What did Helen do last Sunday？最后，如果对last Sunday划线，则该用到特殊疑问词，when，本句话则变成了，when did Helen go fishing？在这里大家最容易出错的地方还是在于，当助动词did提前之后，went作为动词，要恢复成原型，go。这一点，咱们要牢记。类似的表达像是，She went to the cinema once a month.对once a month划线提问，他则是when did she go to the cinema？再比如，They played football in the playground yesterday.对in the playground划线提问，则是，where did they play football yesterday？