上师大附中闵行分校2023学年第一学期期中考试
高一年级英语学科
（考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
I. Listening comprehension（10’+20’）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. D. On foot.
2. A. The man’s violin. B. The man’s hobby. C. The man’s interview. D. The man’s job.
3. A. Positive. B. Interesting. C. Successful. D. Boring.
4. A. He can’t get a room at the hotel at this time. B. He didn’t get the type of room he wanted.
C. He expected the room to be more expensive. D. He thought he had already made a reservation.
5. A. They should give Jessica some on-the-job training.
B. They should offer Jessica some train tickets.
C. They shouldn’t have taken Jessica into account.
D. They should ask Jessica to get more qualification.
6. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine. B. The weather will not affect their plan.
C. They will not do as planned in case of rain. D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.
7. A. She’s unable to finish her homework. B. She has to give up efforts.
C. She has to remove the virus. D. She’s infected with some disease.
8. A. He has to wait for someone else. B. He is concerned about the woman’s safety.
C. There is something wrong with the car. D. The woman must fasten the seat belt.
9. A. She has been promoted to be the sales manager.
B. She isn’t popular with the colleagues in the sales department.
C. She enjoyed working in the sales department.
D. She doesn’t like her new position very much.
10. A. Few students meet Professor Brown’s requirements.
B. Many students find Professor Brown’s lecture uninteresting.
C. Few students understand Professor Brown’s lecture.
D. Many students have dropped Professor Brown’s class.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions Il through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Sending invitation cards to guests.
B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.
C. Giving your order before you are seated.
D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.
12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.
13. A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.
B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.
C. Write beforehand to say that you don’t care for some dishes.
D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. For a couple of weeks. B. For a whole month.
C. For an academic year. D. For as long as he needs it.
15. A. The man is writing his graduation paper.
B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.
C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.
D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping
16. A. Renew the book right now. B. Have part of the book photocopied.
C. Sign up for another borrowing duration. D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The woman’s husband. B. The owner of the apartment.
C. The apartment manager. D. The person who lives in the apartment now.
18. A. In a hotel. B. In a two-bedroom apartment.
C. In a house. D. In a three-bedroom apartment.
19. A. It is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.
B. The master bedroom of the apartment is quite spacious.
C. It is a three bedroom apartment that is difficult to find.
D. The woman’s family can move in the next day if they sign the contract.
20. A. She thought the apartment was not spacious enough.
B. It was the first apartment that she had the chance to see.
C. Her husband was busy and had not seen the apartment yet.
D. The rent was too high for the woman’s family to afford.
II. Grammar and vocabulary （30’+10’+10’+10’）
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.
A. who B. which
C. when D. Where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周，我从图书馆借了《福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。______ my classmates recommended to me.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the book，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。
2. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of _______were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which
C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了很多儿童读物，其中几乎一半出版于上世纪90年代。先行词是children’s books，指物，在定语从句中作of后的宾语，用which引导，故选B。
3. （2015·安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
A. it B. that
C. whose D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。分析句子结构，upon ________ school education depends.是一个介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the fundamental skill，指物，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom，指物，只能用which，故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。
4. It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where
C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语，所以用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。故选D
考点：考查定语从句关系代词。
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。分析句子可知，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所属关系，所以关系代词为whose。故选C项。
6. Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
A. which B. what
C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。由句子意思可分析出，sailors have to face作定语，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语（face...），要用关系代词。因此A选项正确。
【点睛】本题考查定语从句中which的用法，which所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等也就是说做题时要注意句子中是否缺少主语。宾语等成分，然后判断关系代词，学生要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用，才能面对更多的题型。
7. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定从句：从空格到句末是定语从句。排除CD项，这两项并不是定语从句。2. 确定成分：从句_________ uses it differently.缺少主语，根据前一句可知，先行词是several diverse cultures，在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。3. 确定选项：A项在定语从句中作主语的时候，谓语动词要使用复数形式，定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。B项中的each作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。句意：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故选B。
8. We’ll start off as we planned ________.
A. no matter he will come or not B. no matter whether he will come or not
C. whether is he coming or not D. whether he comes or not
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和时态。句意：不管他来不来，我们都要按原计划出发。根据选项可知从句部分是一种不确定的状态，因此应该用whether来引导，句型whether…or not…表示“无论是否”，用于引导让步状语从句；主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且为陈述句语序。故选D。
9. To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, ________ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：令我高兴的是，我的钱包在出租车后座上，在这个地方司机之前根本不可能看见我的钱包。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the back seat of the taxi，表示地点，且空处在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导。故选C。
10. They wouldn’t let their cat outside ________ it would get run over.
A. otherwise B. supposing C. for fear that D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们不会让他们的猫出去，以免它会被车撞，A. otherwise否则；B. supposing假如；C. for fear that以免，生怕；D. so that以便。根据句意，“以免它会被车撞”是“不会让猫出去”的目的，用for fear that引导目的状语从句，符合句意。故选C项。
11. I’ll go to the party with you ________ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A. on condition that B. as soon as C. as though D. in this case
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你不穿那条奇怪的裤子，我就和你一起去参加聚会。A. on condition that如果(引导条件状语从句)；B. as soon as一……就……(引导时间状语从句)；C. as though好像(引导方式状语从句)；D. in this case在这种情况下(介词短语作条件状语)。根据空后的从句“you don’t wear those strange trousers.”可知，“你不穿奇怪的裤子”是“我和你一起去参加聚会”的条件，用on condition that引导条件状语从句。故选A。
12. The production of TV commercials must be professional ________ they aim at promoting goods, or public education.
A. whether B. no matter how C. however D. whenever
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：电视广告的制作必须是专业的，无论其目的是宣传商品还是公共教育。A. whether不管，不论；B. no matter how不管怎样；C. however不管怎样；D. whenever无论何时，每当。根据空后的they aim at promoting goods, or public education可知，这里表示无论电视广告目的是宣传商品还是公共教育，应用whether...or...结构，引导让步状语从句。故选A。
13. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things ________ to teach you the art of learning.
A. than B. rather than C. nor D. as
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：学校教育的巨大作用与其说是教你东西，不如说是教给你学习的艺术。A. than比；B. rather than而不是；C. nor也不；D. as像……一样。根据空前的not so much to teach you things可知，空处需用连词as， not so much...as...意为“与其说……不如说……”。故选D。
14. You may use my room as you like, ________ you clean it up afterwards.
A. so far as B. as well as C. as soon as D. so long as
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：你可以随心所欲地使用我的房间，只要你随后把它打扫干净。A. so far as就……而言；B. as well as 也，还；C. as soon as一……就；D. so long as只要。分析句子结构，空处引导一个状语从句。根据空后的you clean it up afterwards可知，你用完我的房间后打扫干净是条件，所以应用so long as引导条件状语从句。故选D。
15. Who did the teacher ________ an article for the wall newspaper
A. has write B. have write C. has written D. have written
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师让谁给墙报写了一篇文章？短语have sb. do sth.表示“使某人做某事”，在使役动词let，make，have后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。故选B。
16. Unless he ________ to help us, we shall lose the game.
A. promises B. will promise C. would promise D. had promised
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：除非他答应帮助我们，否则我们将输掉比赛。分析句子结构，Unless引导一个条件状语从句。根据主句的shall lose可知，主句使用了一般将来时，所以从句应遵循“主将从现”原则，使用一般现在时。故选A。
17. It will not be long before that young man ________ me again.
A. will meet B. has met C. meets D. would meet
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：用不了多久那个年轻人就会再见到我。此处为It will not be +一段时间+ before句型，意为“过不了……就……”，before引导的从句用一般现在时，主句为一般将来时。故选C。
18. It is not the instruments a scientist uses but rather how he uses the instruments that ______ him a scientist.
A. makes B. is made C. made D. make
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不是因为他使用的仪器，而是因为他巧妙地使用了仪器才使他成为一名科学家。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，这是一个由it构成的强调句型“it is not A but B that +谓语”结构是强调句子的主语。根据主谓一致的就近原则，在“not A but B”作主语时，谓语动词make应该与“B”，也就是“how he uses theinstruments”保持一致。由how等引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。故选A。
19. The son of your neighbour’s ________ noises! What a nuisance!
A. always make B. will always make C. always made D. is always making
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：你邻居的儿子总是制造噪音！真讨厌！此处应用现在进行时表示现阶段重复发生的动作，表达强烈的厌恶情绪。故选D。
20. If you climb mountains in such bad weather, you ________ trouble.
A. ask for B. have asked for C. would ask for D. are asking for
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你在这样恶劣的天气里登山，那你就是在自讨苦吃。be asking for trouble为固定用法，表示“要自讨苦吃”，因此这里应用现在进行时。故选D。
21. I _______ to write a letter to John this morning, but I _______ no time.
A. hoped, have B. hoped, had C. had hoped, have D. had hoped, had
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本想今天早上给约翰写封信，但我没有时间。had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事,所以第一个空处为had hoped。因为句中描述的是过去事实，所以but之后的句子为一般过去时。故选D项。
22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son .
A. graduated B. has graduated
C. had been graduating D. had graduated
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经毕业了。by the time...“到……的时候”引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词要用过去完成时，故选D项。
23. The crazy fans______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till Ang Lee,the winner of best-director Ocar arrived.
A. were waiting B. had been waiting
C. had waited D. would wait
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这些疯狂的粉丝耐心地等了2个小时，而且他们还要一直等到奥斯卡最佳导演得主李安到了为止。根据所给句子中的谓语动词would wait可知，本句为过去发生的事情，根据时间状语for two hours可知，设空处表示等待的动作从过去一直进行到过去的另一个时间，而且还要进行下去。所以用过去完成进行时。故选B。
24. Debbie couldn’t understand why her computer crashed, for it _________ perfectly for as long as she could remember.
A. has been working B. was working C. had been working D. has worked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：黛比不明白她的电脑为什么死机了，因为从她记事起，电脑就一直运转良好。空处缺少谓语动词，结合“crashed”可知，work这个动作发生在crashed之前，并且一直持续到了crashed为止，因此使用过去完成进行时，其基本形式是had been doing。故选C。
25. The changing definition of portraiture ________ shifting attitudes to it.
A. reflects B. regrets C. changes D. improves
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：肖像画定义的变化反映出人们对它的态度也在变化。A. reflects反映；B. regrets后悔；C. changes改变；D. improves提高。根据“changing definition”和“shifting attitudes”可推知，肖像画定义的变化反映了人们态度的变化，reflect符合语境。故选A项。
26. It is ________ of her to keep others waiting for her.
A. practical B. magical C. logical D. typical
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她这个人就是爱让别人等着她。A. practical实际的；B. magical有魔力的；C. logical合乎情理的；D. typical不出所料，特有的。根据空后的of her to keep others waiting for her可知，让别人等着她是她一贯的行为，应用typical。It is typical of sb. to do sth.意为“某人一贯做某事”，为固定句型。故选D。
27. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different ________ of power.
A. appointments B. amounts C. exploration D. description
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他文化可能会在其他方面使用沉默，特别是在处理人与人之间的冲突或拥有不同权力的人之间的关系时。A. appointments约会；B. amounts数量；C. exploration探索；D. description描述。根据空前的different和空后的of power可知，这里表示不同大小的权力，应用amounts。故选B。
28. In the world of programming, developers often need to ________ to various requests and issues that arise during the development process.
A. respond B. adapt C. turn D. inspire
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在编程世界中，开发人员经常需要应对开发过程中出现的各种请求和问题。A. respond应对；B. adapt适应；C. turn转动；D. inspire激励。根据空后的to various requests and issues可知，这里表示应对各种请求和问题。respond to意为“应对”。故选A。
29. We made a reservation in advance ________ the restaurant was busy.
A. in all B. in response C. in case D. in result
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我们提前预定了饭店以防饭店很忙。A. in all总共；B. in response作为回应；C. in case以防；D. in result结果。根据句意，“以防饭店很忙”是“提前预定了饭店”的目的，用in case引导目的状语从句，符合句意。故选C。
30. The police refuse to ________ on whether anyone has been arrested.
A. comment B. comfort C. conflict D. context
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：警方拒绝就是否有人被捕发表意见。A. comment表达意见；B. comfort安慰，抚慰；C. conflict抵触；D. context背景。根据空后的on whether anyone has been arrested可知，这里表示就是否有人被捕发表意见，comment on意为“就……发表意见”。故选A。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Time to fight gaming problem
If you’re a gamer constantly ____31____ (glue) to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed “gaming disorder” ____32____ a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction.
Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, ____33____ gamers use points.
However, playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried. People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours playing games ____34____ (be) an addict, otherwise doctors ____35____(flood) with requests for help.
But according to the WHO, ____36____ you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life, you should be prepared to face serious problems. According to a study published by China Youth Day in July, about one in five young Chinese play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.
Thankfully, measures have been taken ____37____ (address) the problem. In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.
Other countries have also taken action. In 2011, South Korea passed a “shutdown law” to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 am. Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children ____38____ lets their parents control what games they can download and ____39____ they can play them for. In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a nonprofit organization, puts age restrictions on most games, ____40____(mean) the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.
【答案】31. glued
32. as 33. while
34. is 35. will be flooded
36. if 37. to address
38. that /which
39. how long
40. meaning
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。如果你是一名游戏玩家，总是沉迷于手机，那么是时候寻求医疗帮助了。6月18日，世界卫生组织正式将“游戏障碍”列为一种精神疾病，如吸毒或赌博成瘾。中国已经采取了措施来解决这个问题。其他国家也采取了一定的行动。文章对此进行了介绍说明。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：如果你是一名游戏玩家，总是沉迷于手机，那么是时候寻求医疗帮助了。be glued to“全神贯注看着某物”，是固定短语。故填glued。
【32题详解】
考查介词。句意：6月18日，世界卫生组织正式将“游戏障碍”列为一种精神疾病，如吸毒或赌博成瘾。as“作为”。故填as。
【33题详解】
考查连词。句意：赌徒用金钱来记分，而游戏玩家用分数。根据句意，此处应使用连词while“然而”，表示对比。故填while。
【34题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：人们需要明白，这并不意味着每个花几个小时玩游戏的孩子都是瘾君子。分析句子可知，mean后是省略了that的宾语从句，主语是every child，who引导定语从句，修饰child，be是谓语动词，与every child保持一致，描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。
【35题详解】
考查时态。句意：否则医生会收到大量的求助请求。be flooded with“充满……”，根据句意此处描述的是将来的动作，应使用一般将来时。故填will be flooded。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是根据世界卫生组织的说法，如果你对自己的游戏习惯失去控制，把游戏放在生活的首位，你应该准备好面对严重的问题。根据句意可知，此处应使用连词if“如果”引导从句。故填if。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：值得庆幸的是，已经采取了措施去解决这个问题。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处应使用不定式，表目的。故填to address。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，在日本，一些手机为孩子们提供了一种特殊的模式——让他们的父母控制他们可以下载什么游戏。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是a special mode，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：让他们的父母控制他们可以下载什么游戏以及玩多久游戏。根据语境可知，此处应表示玩游戏的时间长度，应使用特殊疑问词how long“多久”。故填how long。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，非营利组织娱乐软件评级委员会(Entertainment Software Rating Board)对大多数游戏都有年龄限制，这意味着不到一定年龄的儿童无法购买。谓语动词是puts，mean用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语age restrictions构成逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动。故填meaning。
Section C
Part A
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box, each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. basis B. scene C. routine D. stressful E. embarrassed F. indicate G. acquire H. deliver L. tear J. range K. bear
41. A traditional Hebridean style cottage, constructed of stonewalls, offers a fantastic opportunity to ________ a unique holiday cottage which has excellent income producing potential.
42. Photos of the crime ________ began to arrive within twenty minutes.
43. She had decided she must go on as usual ________, follow her normal and hope and pray.
44. School children around the world are being exposed on a daily ________ to cigarette advertising and promotions by a tobacco industry that needs to recruit the young to maintain its vast profits.
45. The ________ of temperature during the day varied significantly, from a low of 10 degrees to a high of 25 degrees.
46. As we all know, ________ situations can lead to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, and anxiety.
47. He became ________ when a journalist asked him tricky questions about his finances.
48 The president will ________ a speech at the opening ceremony of the national park.
49. I can’t ________ people who make judgments and label me without really know what I am.
50. What was thought to be a slight pull (拉伤) is actually a full ________ and he will go into hospital on Monday.
【答案】41. acquire
42. scene 43. routine
44. basis 45. range
46. stressful
47. embarrassed
48. deliver
49. bear 50. tear
【解析】
【分析】从方框中选择合适的单词填空，每个单词只能使用一次。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：一个由石墙建造的传统赫布里底风格小屋提供了绝佳的机会，可以得到一个独特的，具有良好的收入创造潜力的度假小屋。根据句意，“由石墙建造的传统赫布里底风格小屋”可以成为“独特的，具有良好的收入创造潜力的度假小屋”，表示“得到”这样的度假小屋，用动词acquire，在不定式符号后用原形。故填acquire。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：犯罪现场的照片在20分钟内陆续送到。根据句意，表示“犯罪现场”，用名词scene构成名词词组crime scene。故填scene。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：她已经决定，她必须像往常一样生活，像往常一样，满怀希望和祈祷。根据句中“go on as usual”和“follow her normal and hope and pray”可知，她要按往常一样生活，名词routine表示“常规，惯例”，作宾语，符合句意。故填routine。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：世界各地的学童每天都在接触烟草行业的香烟广告和促销活动，烟草业需要动员年轻人来维持其巨额利润。on a daily basis是固定短语，意为“每天”，作时间状语。故填basis。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：白天的温度变化很大，从最低的10度到最高的25度。根据句中“aried significantly, from a low of 10 degrees to a high of 25 degrees”可知，温度变化的“范围”很大，用名词range，意为“范围”，作主语。故填range。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们都知道，压力大的情况会导致各种各样的身体和情绪症状，比如心率加快、肌肉紧张和焦虑。根据句中“lead to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, and anxiety”可推知，“压力大的”的情况会导致身体和情绪症状，用形容词stressful作定语修饰名词situations，符合句意。故填stressful。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当一个记者问他一些关于他财务状况的棘手问题时，他感到很尴尬。根据句意“asked him tricky questions about his finances”可知，问到关于财务的棘手问题他会“感到尴尬”，用形容词embarrassed作表语，符合句意。故填embarrassed。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：总统将在国家公园的开幕典礼上发表讲话。根据“a speech at the opening ceremony of the national park”可推知，总统将在公园的开幕典礼上“发表”讲话，用动词deliver作谓语动词，用动词原形与will构成一般将来时态。故填deliver。
【49题详解】
考查动词。句意：我不能忍受人们在不真正了解我的情况下对我做出判断并给我贴上标签。根据“make judgments and label me without really know what I am”可知，这是不能“忍受”的行为，用动词bear作谓语，在情态动词can’t后用原形。故填bear。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：被认为是轻微的拉伤，实际上是完全撕裂，他将在周一入院。空格处用单数名词作表语，结合“actually”可推知，不是轻微的拉伤，而是严重的“撕裂”，用名词tear，符合句意。故填tear。
Part B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How sound and colour influence the taste of food
The sound people hear while they are eating food can change the way they think it tastes, scientists have discovered. In fact, researchers have also found that changing the colour of a food can influence the flavour ___51___ by consumers. Food manufacturers are now hoping to ___52___ the findings in an attempt to make their foods more appealing.
It was ___53___ thought that the sense of taste and smell were the only human senses that played a role in experiencing flavour. Professor Charles Spence, a sensory psychologist at Oxford University, is a leading expert in his field. He believes that it is possible to change the flavor of food simply by exciting people’s sense of hearing. For example, listening to waves hitting the sea shore can make ___54___ detect seafood flavours.
Professor Spence has also discovered that ___55___ changing the colour of a food can influence the way it tastes. He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red, it is possible to make it taste up to 12 per cent sweeter than it really is. He said: ‘This colour has strong ___56___ with very ripe fruit.’
Flavour is not just as simple as the way something tastes, as all the other senses come into ___57___ and some can dominate the way the brain will ___58___ a food. Ice cream activates a part of the brain which is just behind the eyes and is where emotions are ___59___. By melting, it changes its physical ___60___ and creates contrasts that continually keep your senses interested.
So next time you are in a restaurant or a supermarket, or just sitting down at home to eat something, think about whether your choices have been influenced by sound or colour. You may be surprised!
【答案】51. D 52. E
53. I 54. C
55. K 56. A
57. H 58. G
59. J 60. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了科学家发现，人们在吃东西时听到的声音会改变他们对食物味道的看法。研究人员还发现，改变食物的颜色会影响消费者体验到的味道。食品制造商现在希望利用这一发现来使他们的食品更有吸引力。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，研究人员还发现，改变食物的颜色会影响消费者体验到的味道。结合句意可知表示“体验”且本句中experience与flavour构成被动，应用过去分词作定语，故填experienced。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词。句意：食品制造商现在希望利用这一发现来使他们的食品更有吸引力。结合下文in an attempt to make their foods more appealing可知食品制造商希望利用开发这一发现来使食品更有吸引力。故表示“开发”故填exploit。故选E。
【53题详解】
考查副词。句意：以前人们认为味觉和嗅觉是人类体验味道的唯一感官。此处需要填副词修饰thought，且表示“以前地”，故填previously。故选I。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，听海浪拍击海岸可以使晚餐检测到海鲜的味道。结合上文He believes that it is possible to change the flavor of food simply by exciting people’s sense of hearing.可知只要刺激人们的听觉，就可以改变食物的味道。因此是在人们吃晚餐的时候听海浪拍击海岸可以尝到海鲜的味道。故填dinners。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查副词。句意：斯彭斯教授还发现，仅仅改变食物的颜色就能影响它的味道。此处需要副词修饰change，且表示“简单地；仅仅”，故填simply。故选K。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说:“这种颜色让人联想到非常成熟的水果。”结合上文He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red, it is possible to make it taste up to 12 per cent sweeter than it really is. 把一种饮料从黄色调成深红色，有可能使它比实际味道甜12%。可知颜色让人联想到成熟的蔬果，因此尝起来更甜。故表示“联想；联系”，短语为have strong associations with…“与……有密切的联系”。故填associations。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：味道不仅仅是品尝食物的方式那么简单，因为所有其他的感官都会发挥作用，有些还会主导大脑对食物的解读。根据句意可知表示“发挥作用；起作用”短语为come into play。故填play。故选H。
【58题详解】
考查动词。句意：味道不仅仅是品尝食物的方式那么简单，因为所有其他的感官都会发挥作用，有些还会主导大脑对食物的解读。结合上文的实验结果可以影响人的感官，可知味道可以影响大脑对食物的“解读；解释”，故interpret最符合语境。故选G。
【59题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：冰淇淋会激活眼睛后面的大脑区域，这是处理情绪的地方。根据句意可知表示“处理”，且上文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填proceed。故选J。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过融化，它改变了它的物理特征，创造了不断让你的感官感兴趣的对比。根据句意可知表示“特征”且由形容词修饰应填名词，故填characteristics。故选B。
III. Reading Comprehension （15’+30’）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Warning: Don’t make big decisions from high elevations
You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. But who could have thought our decisions are literally influenced by altitude
As in, what floor you happen to be on when considering something. If it’s a high elevation, like the top floor of an office tower, chances are you’ll embrace ___61___ a little more than you would on the ground floor, according to researchers from Miami University. The study, published this month in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, suggests you may want a(n) ___62___ advisor to work from a ground-floor office rather than the top floor. And it gives new, literal ___63___ to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions. “When you increase elevation, there is a(n) ___64___ effect on the sense of power,” lead author Sina Esteky, PhD, noted in a release. “This heighted feeling of power ___65___ in more risk-seeking behavior.”
For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building. They found the ___66___ of the elevator strongly influenced the level of risk-aversion among participants. They were more likely, ___67___, to take more gambles on the way to the 74th floor—but their decisions became far more grounded as they neared, well, the ground.
Another experiment ___68___ people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building. Each group was asked to make 10 decisions of ___69___ risk levels. Guess which group made the most risky decisions What was it about higher elevations that made the participants feel braver Researchers theorized it could have something to do with the perception that elevation gives people a(n) ___70___ of power and authority.
Risk seems a lot smaller when seen from above — literally. That idea seemed to hold ___71___ in further experiments. When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect ___72___ disappeared. Likewise, “elevation effect” wasn’t a factor for people mired in cubicles (困在隔间里) who couldn’t see how high up they were.
“The important lesson is that when people become aware of the ___73___ impact of elevation, it doesn’t happen anymore,” Esteky says. ‘The brain is very sensitive to subtle ___74___ factors, but also really good at correcting for such effects, so ___75___ can help us be more rational in our decisions.”
61.
A. function B. risk C. process D. sense
62.
A. crucial B. social C. financial D. economical
63.
A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure
64.
A. subconscious B. aware C. unconscious D. conscientious
65.
A. takes B. results C. leads D. comes
66.
A. field B. respect C. direction D. period
67.
A. in general B. by contrast C. in conclusion D. for instance
68.
A. resulted in B. concerned with C. accounted for D. taken over
69.
A. increasing B. rising C. varying D. decreasing
70.
A. sense B. change C. difference D. impression
71.
A. deliberate B. delicate C. real D. true
72.
A. fortunately B. completely C. mostly D. barely
73.
A. potential B. huge C. extra D. eager
74.
A. temporary B. past C. seasonal D. situational
75.
A. discipline B. satisfaction C. awareness D. confidence
【答案】61. B 62. C 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明，在高楼层所做出的决定风险比在低楼层所做的要大。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：迈阿密大学的研究人员称，如果你住的地方海拔较高，比如写字楼的顶层，那么你比住在底层的人更容易接受风险。A. function功能；B. risk风险；C. process过程；D. sense意识。根据题目“Don’t make big decisions from high elevations（不要在高处做重大决定）”可知，不建议在高处做重大决定，即这么做是不好的，风险更大，故选B。
【62题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：本月发表在《消费者心理学杂志》上的研究表明，你可能希望财务顾问在底层办公室而不是顶层办公室工作。A. crucial关键的；B. social社会的；C. financial金融的；D. economical节约的。根据上文的“You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. ”可知，在高楼层做的决定风险比在低楼层做出的决定风险大，因此你可能希望财务顾问在底层办公室，故选C。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了新的，字面上的强调，当你做重大决定时，你应该脚踏实地。A. emphasis强调；B. conflict冲突；C. power力量；D. pressure压力。由“to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions”可知，它在字面上强调当你做重大决定时，你应该脚踏实地。故选A。
【64题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首席作者SinaEsteky博士在一份新闻稿中指出:“当你提高高度时，权力感会产生潜意识影响。”A. subconscious潜意识的；B. aware意识到的；C. unconscious昏迷的，无意识的；D. conscientious凭良心的。由下文“This heighted feeling of power”可知，这是一种潜意识影响，故选A。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种强烈的权力感会导致更多的冒险行为。A. takes (in)理解；B. results (in)导致；C. leads (in)导入；D. comes (in)进来。由“This heighted feeling of power”和“more risk-seeking behaviour”可知，这种强烈的权力感会导致更多的冒险行为，故选B。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，电梯的方向对参与者的风险厌恶程度有很大影响。A. field田地；B. respect尊敬；C. direction方向；D. period时期。由上文的“ For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building.(在这项研究中，埃斯特基的团队采访了那些在高层建筑的玻璃电梯里上下楼的人)”可知，电梯在升降，因此此处表示“电梯的方向对参与者的风险厌恶程度有很大影响”，故选C。
【67题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，他们更有可能在去75楼的路上进行更多的赌博——但当他们接近地面时，他们的决定就变得更加脚踏实地。A. in general一般而言；B. by contrast相比之下；C. in conclusion总之；D. for instance例如。由“the 75th floor”可知，此处是举的一个例子，因此空格处是“例如”，故选D。
【68题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个实验是关于住在一所大学大楼一楼或三楼的人。A. resulted in导致；B. concerned with涉及，关于；C. accounted for解释；D. taken over接管。根据后文“people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building.”指另一个实验关于住在一所大学大楼一楼或三楼的人。故选B。
【69题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一组被要求做出10个风险程度不同的决定。A. increasing日益增加的；B. rising上升的；C. varying不同的；D. decreasing渐减的。由“10 decisions of____risk levels”可知，是10个风险程度不同的决定，故选C。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员推测，这可能与一种感知有关，即提升会给人一种力量和勇气的感觉。A. sense感觉；B. change改变；C. difference不同之处；D. impression印象。由“of power and bravery”可知，给人一种力量和勇气是一种感觉，故选A。
【71题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在进一步的实验中，这个观点似乎是正确的。A. deliberate故意的；B. delicate精致的；C. real真正的；D. true正确的。由后文的“What participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect_____disappeared”可知，在进一步的实验中，这个观点似乎是正确的。故选D。
【72题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当参与者被告知他们的决定受到提升的影响时，这种影响就完全消失了。A. fortunately幸运地；B. completely完全地；C. mostly主要地；D. barely几乎不。由“their decisions were being influenced by elevation”可知，当参与者被告知他们的决定受到提升的影响时，这种影响就完全消失了。故选B。
73题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：埃斯特基说:“重要的教训是，当人们意识到海拔上升的潜在影响时，这种情况就不会再发生了。”A. potential潜在的；B. huge巨大的；C. extra额外的；D. eager迫切的。结合上文实验可知，高度上升对人们的决定有潜在影响。故选A。
【74题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大脑对微妙的情境因素非常敏感，但也非常擅长纠正这些影响，所以意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性。A. temporary暂时的；B. past过去的；C. seasonal季节的；D. situational情形的。实验中电梯的不同高度属于不同的情境，因此此处是指大脑对情境因素非常敏感，故选D。
【75题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大脑对微妙的情境因素非常敏感，但也非常擅长纠正这些影响，所以意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性。A. discipline纪律；B. satisfaction满意；C. awareness意识；D. confidence自信。由上文的“When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect 12 disappeared.”可知，当意识到高度对作决定有影响时，这种影响就消失了，因此意识可以帮助我们在做决定时更理性，故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Disneyland’s opening day July 17, 1955, was a terrible experience. Rides broke down. Restaurants ran out of food and drink and drinking fountains were in short supply... All in front of a national audience of 90million, then the largest live broadcast in television history on a day that would be known in Disney history as Black Sunday.
But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called “Daddy’s Day”. On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.
He thought he could do better. In 1939 he asked two animators (动画片制作者) at his movie studio to work on a plan for an amusement park. By 1952 the idea had expanded into a $1.5 million amusement park proposal that he presented to Burbank. The City Council, which feared such a project would create a carnival (嘉年华) atmosphere, rejected the proposal. Disney counted the rejection as fortunate setback. By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank. He searched locations throughout Southern California. A 160-acre orange garden, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon selected.
The ABC television network offered $5 million in loans and investments if Disney agreed to produce and host a one-hour weekly show called "Disneyland". The deal amounted to months of free advertising for the park and allowed Disney to introduce TV audiences, particularly kids, to the park.
Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28, 154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.
Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down.
76. What mainly led to Walt Disney’s plan to build his own amusement park
A. His ambition to expand beyond the movie industry.
B. His animators’ suggestion on an entertainment plan.
C. His wish to create a better place for family recreation.
D. His daughters’ unpleasant experience in the Griffith Park.
77. By “Disney counted the rejection as a fortunate setback” in paragraph 3, the author means the rejection ________.
A. brought good luck to Disney and his park
B. contributed to the difficulty of opening the park
C. was viewed as a financial obstacle to the design of the park
D. presented Disney with a favorable opportunity to rethink his plan
78. What can be learned about Disneyland from the passage
A. Everything went on smoothly before it opened.
B. It spent $5 million on advertising for its opening.
C. People’s enthusiasm for it increased despite criticism.
D. Only invited guests could get into it on its opening day.
79. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success
C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History
【答案】76. C 77. D 78. C 79. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了迪士尼乐园是如何开始的。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.(迪士尼不喜欢他们经常参观的游乐园，认为它们肮脏、缺乏想象力，由粗鲁的员工经营)”和第三段第一句“He thought he could do better. (他认为他可以做得更好)”可知，他希望创造一个更好的家庭娱乐场所，这导致沃尔特·迪士尼计划建造自己的游乐园。故选C。
【77题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线句后“By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank. He searched locations throughout Southern California. A 160-acre orange garden, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon selected.(到目前为止，他对主题公园的梦想已经超出了伯班克现有的空间。他搜索了整个南加州的位置。一个160英亩的在洛杉矶南部22英里的橘子园很快被选中)”可知，在被拒绝后，他对游乐园进行了更好的改造。由此可知，划线句是说这次拒绝为迪士尼提供了一个重新考虑计划的有利机会。故选D。
【78题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒第二段“After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn't listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.(在疯狂的开放日之后，迪士尼和他的新乐园受到了媒体的批评。媒体预测这场战争将很快结束。但是公众并没有听从。大批游客蜂拥而至，几周之内，迪斯尼乐园就大获成功)”可知，尽管受到批评，但人们对它的热情却与日俱增。故选C。
79题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“But Disney's story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called‘Daddy's Day’.(但迪士尼的故事实际上开始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的‘爸爸节’)”可知，文章主要是讲迪士尼乐园的开始。故选A。
B
DONALD SLOAN
Gates Hall
University of Kansas
Lawrence KS 66045
913-243-1682 After May 2009:
46 Clayton Drive
St．Louis, MO 63130
314-726-8840
Objective To work with theclient(委托人) population in a social service position.
Education B.A., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009
Major: Social Services
Minor: Applied Psychology
Experience Assistant Activities Supervisor,Fairview Nursing Home, Lawrence, KS, November 2006-present．Help organize and implement recreational activities for nursing home residents．Activities include crafts, dances, day trips, sing-alongs, and visiting performers.
Hotline Volunteer．Teen Crisis Center, Lawrence, KS, September 2006- May 2007．Handled crisis calls from teenagers in the community．Dealt with drug use, unwanted pregnancies, failing grades, and the breakdown of parent-teen relationships.
Nurse’s Aide,Danyers General Hospital, St．Louis, MO, Summer 2006．Assisted nurses in patient care．Took histories, updated charts, and helped prepare patients for surgery.
Activities University Concert Board．Work with other board members to plan and implement on-campus concerts.
Senior Gift Campaign．Help manage the campaign to raise funds for the senior class gift to the university.
Residence Hall Programming Board．Planned social events for Eggar Residence Hall.
Skills Fluent in French．Water safety instructor．Skilled at working with people.
Interests Skiing, softball, classical music, and guitar．
80. This passage is most probably ______.
A. an advertisement for enrolling new employees
B. a school report at the end of an academic year
C. a self-introduction meant to apply for a job
D. a part of a recommendation letter from a university
81. According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be _____.
A. a wise leader B. a skillful performer
C. a gifted scientist D. a good social worker
82. From the passage we can learn that Donald Sloan ______.
A. is good at singing and dancing B. is about to graduate from a university
C. has an interest in being a surgeon D. specializes in psychology
【答案】80. C 81. D 82. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了DONALD SLOAN的准备申请工作的自我介绍。
【80题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文尤其是“Objective、Education、Experience、Activities、Skills、Interests”结合生活经验可推断出，本文是准备申请工作的自我介绍。故选C项。
【81题详解】
推理判断题，根据“Assistant Activities Supervisor, Fairview Nursing Home, Lawrence, KS, November 2006-present .Hotline Volunteer．Teen Crisis Center, Lawrence, KS, September 2006- May 2007．Handled crisis calls from teenagers in the community．...Nurse’s Aide, Danyers General Hospital, St．Louis, MO, Summer 2006．Assisted nurses in patient care．Took histories, updated charts, and helped prepare patients for surgery.”可知，DONALD SLOAN做过助理活动主管 ，热线志愿者，护士助理。由此推断出Donald Sloan是一位经历丰富的社会工作者。故选D项。
【82题详解】
细节理解题。根据Education “B.A., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009 Major: Social Services Minor: Applied Psychology”及“After May 2009:”可知，堪萨斯州劳伦斯市堪萨斯大学文学学士，2009年。专业:社会服务。辅修:应用心理学。2009年5月之后毕业。所以Donald Sloan是一位将要毕业的大学生。故选B项。
C
The idea that richer countries are happier may seem intuitively obvious. However, in 1974, research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise, He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy, this did not hold at a national level. In the United States, for example, average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970, but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend.; in fact, they declined between 1060 and 1970. These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “ Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness.
Having access to additional income seems to only provide a temporary surge in happiness. Since a certain minimum income is needed for basic necessities, it’s possible that the happiness boost from extra cash isn’t that great once you rise above the poverty line. This would explain Easterlin’s findings in the United States and other developed countries. He argued that life satisfaction does rise with average incomes but only in the short term.
Recent research has challenged the Easternlin paradox, however. In2013, sociologists Ruut Veenhoven and Floris Vergunst conducted a study using statistics from the World Database of Happiness. Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness. Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness: “If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.” The study’s findings suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier. With a much debate about the relationship between money and happiness, it’s clear that happiness itself is a complex concept and depends on many factors.
According to psychologists Selin Kesebir and Shigehiro Oishi, happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you. They argue that a country’s economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequality——where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer——average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity. This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure more equal distribution of wealth. The happier people are, the more productive they are likely to become, thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels.
There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isn’t enough to make us happy. The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a social responsibility. We need to remember the positive effects of generosity, altruism, and building social connections. Perhaps our focus should be less on how m uch money we have, and more on how we use it.
83. According to the passage, Easterlin Paradox refers to______.
A. the fact that the more money, the happier people will feel
B. the suggestion that money should be given the top priority
C. the question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwide
D. the opinion that higher income doesn’t necessarily generate happiness
84. The word “satiation” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. satisfaction B. controversial C. central D. sensitive
85. What is the major reason for people’s unhappiness related to money
A. Money not enough. B. Money not fairly dirtributed.
C. Rich people richer D. Unequal money paid for equal work.
86. Which of the following might be best title of this passage
A. It’s all relative B. Easternlin paradox
C. The economic of happiness D. Rising income, rising happiness
【答案】83. D 84. A 85. B 86. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在1974年，经济学家理查德·伊斯特林研究发现生活满意度的确会随着人均收入的增加而提高，但这只是在短期内。2013年，社会学家Ruut Veenhoven和Floris Vergunst的分析表明，经济增长与幸福之间存在正相关关系。同时根据心理学家Selin Kesebir和Shigehiro Oishi的说法，幸福还取决于您的收入与周围人的比较。他们认为，只有财富平均分配，一个国家的经济增长才能使其公民更加幸福。作者认为我们应该少关注我们有多少钱，多关注我们如何使用它。
【83题详解】
细节理解题。第一段最后一句These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “ Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness.（国家水平和个人结果之间的这些差异导致了“伊斯特林悖论”一词的出现:即较高的经济增长率并不会带来较高的长期幸福感。）可知根据这篇文章，伊斯特林悖论指的是高收入不一定带来幸福的观点。故选D。
【84题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness 可知没有最大财富门槛，在该门槛上，更多的钱不再为您的幸福做出贡献。指还没有一个临界点，在这个点上钱将不会使人开心。可推知如果有这样一个让人满足的点，我们还没有达到。故划线单词意思为“满足”，故选A。
【85题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中They argue that a country’s economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequality——where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer——average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity.（他们认为，一个国家的经济增长只有在财富得到平均分配的情况下才会让国民更幸福。在收入高度不平等的新兴国家——富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷——平均幸福感往往会下降，因为只有相对较少的人能从经济繁荣中受益。）可知只有财富平均分配了人才会开心，即金钱分配不均是造成人们对金钱不快乐的主要原因。故选B。
【86题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isn’t enough to make us happy.（关于财富与幸福之间的联系，人们仍在争论不休，有人支持，有人反对富裕国家更幸福的观点。然而，很明显，财富本身并不足以使我们幸福。）以及文章主要内容可知主要围绕着经济与幸福相关的话题，所以短文的最佳标题是“幸福的经济学 ”。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need.
Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries.
Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. ___87___
Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. ___88___ This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.
These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. ___89___
___90___ Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions.
A. There is a difference between the food that people eat in the countryside and the food people eat in big cities.
B. Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common.
C. In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square.
D. Possibly the global popularity of Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.
E. Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.
F. Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat.
【答案】87. C 88. E 89. B 90. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在全球化背景下，意大利本国的饮食行业及意大利人的日常饮食受到了影响，发生了一些变化，这些变化有利有弊，有人认同，也有人充满担忧。
【87题详解】
前文“Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. (直到最近，意大利面——一种基本的意大利食物——都是由当地人制作的。人们也会在家里做酱汁和意大利面一起吃)”介绍直到最近意大利人仍会自己制作食物，下一段的开头“Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. (然而，如今意大利人的饮食习惯似乎已经改变了)”说明现在意大利人的饮食习惯发生了改变，空处位于句尾，因此应该继续介绍意大利传统的饮食习惯。C项“In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square. (此外，人们尝试外国食物的机会非常有限，因为在当地的城镇广场上只有披萨和意大利面)”说明意大利人很少尝试外国食物，承接前文，符合语境。故选C。
【88题详解】
后文“This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes. (这一趋势在罗马、米兰和威尼斯等城市地区更为普遍，尽管许多小城镇也在经历类似的变化)”具体说明一种趋势在意大利不同地区的情况，因此空处应该指出这一趋势。E项“Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. (意大利饮食习惯的另一个重要变化是外国菜越来越受欢迎，尤其是印度菜、中国菜和日本菜)”指出外国菜越来越受欢迎的趋势，承接前文的两个变化，引出后文的具体说明，后文的This trend指代选项所述内容，符合语境。故选E。
【89题详解】
前文“In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. (相反，可以认为大型连锁餐厅正变得越来越强大，导致地方和国家特色菜受破坏)”介绍全球化对意大利饮食特色的破坏，空处位于句尾，因此应该进一步说明这种弊端。B项“Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common. (因此，许多意大利人担心，随着外国食品变得越来越普遍，他们正在失去民族意识)”指出人们对失去民族意识的担心，承接前文，符合语境。故选B。
【90题详解】
根据后文“Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. (方便食品已经取代了许多传统的家常菜，外国水果的供应也大大增加了)”可知，本段主要介绍全球化的影响下，意大利的饮食还发生了很多变化，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，因此应该会指出这种影响。F项“Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat. (全球化对意大利人的饮食方式产生了重大影响)”点明了影响，契合后文内容，符合语境。故选F。
V. Translation （3’+3’+4’+5’）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
91. 她的学习态度对她的同学有积极的影响。(impact) (汉译英)
【答案】Her learning attitude has a positive impact on her classmates.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语、名词、形容词。表示“她的学习态度”用her learning attitude，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“对……有积极的影响”用have a positive impact on，其中形容词positive“积极的”，作定语，修饰名词impact“影响”。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Her learning attitude为第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。表示“她的”用her。表示“同学”用classmate，结合句意可知，同学不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作on的宾语。故翻译为Her learning attitude has a positive impact on her classmates.
92. 在团队精神的鼓舞下，每个足球运动员都对比赛做出了自己的贡献。(inspire) (汉译英)
【答案】Inspired by the team spirit, every football player made their own contribution to the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。主语“每个足球运动员”翻译为every football player，“为......做出自己的贡献”用固定短语make their own contribution to…，根据句意可知，应用一般过去时，所以“每个足球运动员都对比赛做出了自己的贡献”翻译为every football player made their own contribution to the game.，“在团队精神的鼓舞下”作状语，其中“鼓舞”为动词inspire，和逻辑主语member构成被动关系故用过去分词作状语。故翻译为Inspired by the team spirit, every football player made their own contribution to the game.
93. 这家以海鲜为特色的餐厅，已经成为了一个旅游景点，挤满了来自国内外的游客。(feature) (汉译英)
【答案】This restaurant which features seafood has become a tourist attraction, crowded with tourists from home and abroad.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。分析句子结构，本句的主干是“这家餐厅已经成为了一个旅游景点”，所以其他部分可用定语从句或非谓语结构来表示，其中“以海鲜为特色的”修饰餐厅（restaurant），先行词是restaurant，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词which引导限制性定语从句，“挤满了来自国内外的游客”可用非谓语动词短语表达，“挤满”可表示为crowd，为及物动词，固定短语be crowded with...意为“挤满……”，（逻辑主语“这家餐厅”和crowd之间是动宾关系），所以可用过去分词短语作状语。“以……为特色”可表示为feature，其为从句谓语动词，“海鲜”可表示为seafood；“一个旅游景点”可表示为a tourist attraction；“来自国内外”可表示为from home and abroad。根据句意，定语从句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，而根据主句中的“已经”可知，主句应用现在完成时。故本句可翻译为：This restaurant which features seafood has become a tourist attraction, crowded with tourists from home and abroad.
94. 在互联网时代，便利与风险共存。 我们不仅要赶上潮流，还要努力分辨真假信息。(when) (汉译英)
【答案】In the Internet era, convenience and risk coexist. When we have to jump on the bandwagon, we also have to work hard to distinguish between real and fake information.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和状语从句。叙述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时；短语“在互联网时代”表达为in the Internet era，作状语；“便利和风险”表达为convenience and risk，作句子的主语；“共存”表达为coexist，作谓语动词，主语是复数，故动词用原形；后半句“我们不仅要赶上潮流，还要努力分辨真假信息”要求用when引导的时间状语从句表达，其中“我们不仅要赶上潮流”是when引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时；“要赶上潮流”表达为have to jump on the bandwagon；主句主语we，“还要努力分辨真假信息”表达为also have to work hard to distinguish between real and fake information，再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为In the Internet era, convenience and risk coexist. When we have to jump on the bandwagon, we also have to work hard to distinguish between real and fake information.上师大附中闵行分校2023学年第一学期期中考试
高一年级英语学科
（考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
I. Listening comprehension（10’+20’）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. D. On foot.
2. A. The man’s violin. B. The man’s hobby. C. The man’s interview. D. The man’s job.
3. A. Positive. B. Interesting. C. Successful. D. Boring.
4. A. He can’t get a room at the hotel at this time. B. He didn’t get the type of room he wanted.
C. He expected the room to be more expensive. D. He thought he had already made a reservation.
5. A. They should give Jessica some on-the-job training.
B. They should offer Jessica some train tickets.
C. They shouldn’t have taken Jessica into account.
D. They should ask Jessica to get more qualification.
6. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine. B. The weather will not affect their plan.
C. They will not do as planned in case of rain. D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.
7. A. She’s unable to finish her homework. B. She has to give up efforts.
C. She has to remove the virus. D. She’s infected with some disease.
8. A. He has to wait for someone else. B. He is concerned about the woman’s safety.
C. There is something wrong with the car. D. The woman must fasten the seat belt.
9. A. She has been promoted to be the sales manager.
B. She isn’t popular with the colleagues in the sales department.
C. She enjoyed working in the sales department.
D. She doesn’t like her new position very much.
10. A. Few students meet Professor Brown’s requirements.
B. Many students find Professor Brown’s lecture uninteresting.
C. Few students understand Professor Brown’s lecture.
D. Many students have dropped Professor Brown’s class.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions Il through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Sending invitation cards to guests.
B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.
C. Giving your order before you are seated.
D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.
12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.
13. A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.
B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.
C. Write beforehand to say that you don’t care for some dishes.
D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. For a couple of weeks. B. For a whole month.
C. For an academic year. D. For as long as he needs it.
15. A. The man is writing his graduation paper.
B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.
C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.
D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping
16. A. Renew the book right now. B. Have part of the book photocopied.
C. Sign up for another borrowing duration. D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The woman’s husband. B. The owner of the apartment.
C. The apartment manager. D. The person who lives in the apartment now.
18. A. In a hotel. B. In a two-bedroom apartment.
C. In a house. D. In a three-bedroom apartment.
19. A. It is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.
B. The master bedroom of the apartment is quite spacious.
C. It is a three bedroom apartment that is difficult to find.
D. The woman’s family can move in the next day if they sign the contract.
20. A. She thought the apartment was not spacious enough.
B. It was the first apartment that she had the chance to see.
C. Her husband was busy and had not seen the apartment yet.
D The rent was too high for the woman’s family to afford.
II. Grammar and vocabulary （30’+10’+10’+10’）
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.
A. who B. which
C when D. Where
2. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of _______were published in the 1990s.
A whom B. which
C. them D. that
3. （2015·安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
A. it B. that
C. whose D. which
4. It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as B. where
C. that D. which
5. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
6. Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
A. which B. what
C. where D. when
7. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
8. We’ll start off as we planned ________.
A. no matter he will come or not B. no matter whether he will come or not
C. whether is he coming or not D. whether he comes or not
9. To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, ________ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
10. They wouldn’t let their cat outside ________ it would get run over.
A. otherwise B. supposing C. for fear that D. so that
11. I’ll go to the party with you ________ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A. on condition that B. as soon as C. as though D. in this case
12. The production of TV commercials must be professional ________ they aim at promoting goods, or public education.
A. whether B. no matter how C. however D. whenever
13. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things ________ to teach you the art of learning.
A. than B. rather than C. nor D. as
14. You may use my room as you like, ________ you clean it up afterwards.
A. so far as B. as well as C. as soon as D. so long as
15. Who did the teacher ________ an article for the wall newspaper
A. has write B. have write C. has written D. have written
16. Unless he ________ to help us, we shall lose the game.
A. promises B. will promise C. would promise D. had promised
17. It will not be long before that young man ________ me again.
A. will meet B. has met C. meets D. would meet
18. It is not the instruments a scientist uses but rather how he uses the instruments that ______ him a scientist.
A. makes B. is made C. made D. make
19 The son of your neighbour’s ________ noises! What a nuisance!
A. always make B. will always make C. always made D. is always making
20. If you climb mountains in such bad weather, you ________ trouble.
A. ask for B. have asked for C. would ask for D. are asking for
21. I _______ to write a letter to John this morning, but I _______ no time.
A. hoped, have B. hoped, had C. had hoped, have D. had hoped, had
22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son .
A. graduated B. has graduated
C. had been graduating D. had graduated
23. The crazy fans______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till Ang Lee,the winner of best-director Ocar arrived.
A. were waiting B. had been waiting
C. had waited D. would wait
24. Debbie couldn’t understand why her computer crashed, for it _________ perfectly for as long as she could remember.
A. has been working B. was working C. had been working D. has worked
25. The changing definition of portraiture ________ shifting attitudes to it.
A. reflects B. regrets C. changes D. improves
26. It is ________ of her to keep others waiting for her.
A. practical B. magical C. logical D. typical
27. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different ________ of power.
A. appointments B. amounts C. exploration D. description
28. In the world of programming, developers often need to ________ to various requests and issues that arise during the development process.
A. respond B. adapt C. turn D. inspire
29. We made a reservation in advance ________ the restaurant was busy.
A. in all B. in response C. in case D. in result
30. The police refuse to ________ on whether anyone has been arrested.
A. comment B. comfort C. conflict D. context
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Time to fight gaming problem
If you’re a gamer constantly ____31____ (glue) to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed “gaming disorder” ____32____ a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction.
Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, ____33____ gamers use points.
However, playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried. People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours playing games ____34____ (be) an addict, otherwise doctors ____35____(flood) with requests for help.
But according to the WHO, ____36____ you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life, you should be prepared to face serious problems. According to a study published by China Youth Day in July, about one in five young Chinese play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.
Thankfully, measures have been taken ____37____ (address) the problem. In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.
Other countries have also taken action. In 2011, South Korea passed a “shutdown law” to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 am. Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children ____38____ lets their parents control what games they can download and ____39____ they can play them for. In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a nonprofit organization, puts age restrictions on most games, ____40____(mean) the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.
Section C
Part A
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box, each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. basis B. scene C. routine D. stressful E. embarrassed F. indicate G. acquire H. deliver L. tear J. range K. bear
41. A traditional Hebridean style cottage, constructed of stonewalls, offers a fantastic opportunity to ________ a unique holiday cottage which has excellent income producing potential.
42. Photos of the crime ________ began to arrive within twenty minutes.
43. She had decided she must go on as usual ________, follow her normal and hope and pray.
44. School children around the world are being exposed on a daily ________ to cigarette advertising and promotions by a tobacco industry that needs to recruit the young to maintain its vast profits.
45. The ________ of temperature during the day varied significantly, from a low of 10 degrees to a high of 25 degrees.
46. As we all know, ________ situations can lead to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, and anxiety.
47. He became ________ when a journalist asked him tricky questions about his finances.
48. The president will ________ a speech at the opening ceremony of the national park.
49. I can’t ________ people who make judgments and label me without really know what I am.
50. What was thought to be a slight pull (拉伤) is actually a full ________ and he will go into hospital on Monday.
Part B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How sound and colour influence the taste of food
The sound people hear while they are eating food can change the way they think it tastes, scientists have discovered. In fact, researchers have also found that changing the colour of a food can influence the flavour ___51___ by consumers. Food manufacturers are now hoping to ___52___ the findings in an attempt to make their foods more appealing.
It was ___53___ thought that the sense of taste and smell were the only human senses that played a role in experiencing flavour. Professor Charles Spence, a sensory psychologist at Oxford University, is a leading expert in his field. He believes that it is possible to change the flavor of food simply by exciting people’s sense of hearing. For example, listening to waves hitting the sea shore can make ___54___ detect seafood flavours.
Professor Spence has also discovered that ___55___ changing the colour of a food can influence the way it tastes. He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red, it is possible to make it taste up to 12 per cent sweeter than it really is. He said: ‘This colour has strong ___56___ with very ripe fruit.’
Flavour is not just as simple as the way something tastes, as all the other senses come into ___57___ and some can dominate the way the brain will ___58___ a food. Ice cream activates a part of the brain which is just behind the eyes and is where emotions are ___59___. By melting, it changes its physical ___60___ and creates contrasts that continually keep your senses interested.
So next time you are in a restaurant or a supermarket, or just sitting down at home to eat something, think about whether your choices have been influenced by sound or colour. You may be surprised!
III. Reading Comprehension （15’+30’）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Warning: Don’t make big decisions from high elevations
You definitely don’t want to have your head in the clouds when making a crucial financial decision. But who could have thought our decisions are literally influenced by altitude
As in, what floor you happen to be on when considering something. If it’s a high elevation, like the top floor of an office tower, chances are you’ll embrace ___61___ a little more than you would on the ground floor, according to researchers from Miami University. The study, published this month in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, suggests you may want a(n) ___62___ advisor to work from a ground-floor office rather than the top floor. And it gives new, literal ___63___ to the idea that you should stay grounded when making big decisions. “When you increase elevation, there is a(n) ___64___ effect on the sense of power,” lead author Sina Esteky, PhD, noted in a release. “This heighted feeling of power ___65___ in more risk-seeking behavior.”
For the study, Esteky’s team interviewed people as they were ascending and descending in the glass elevator of a tall building. They found the ___66___ of the elevator strongly influenced the level of risk-aversion among participants. They were more likely, ___67___, to take more gambles on the way to the 74th floor—but their decisions became far more grounded as they neared, well, the ground.
Another experiment ___68___ people who were either on the ground floor or the third floor of a university building. Each group was asked to make 10 decisions of ___69___ risk levels. Guess which group made the most risky decisions What was it about higher elevations that made the participants feel braver Researchers theorized it could have something to do with the perception that elevation gives people a(n) ___70___ of power and authority.
Risk seems a lot smaller when seen from above — literally. That idea seemed to hold ___71___ in further experiments. When participants were told their decisions were being influenced by elevation, the effect ___72___ disappeared. Likewise, “elevation effect” wasn’t a factor for people mired in cubicles (困在隔间里) who couldn’t see how high up they were.
“The important lesson is that when people become aware of the ___73___ impact of elevation, it doesn’t happen anymore,” Esteky says. ‘The brain is very sensitive to subtle ___74___ factors, but also really good at correcting for such effects, so ___75___ can help us be more rational in our decisions.”
61.
A. function B. risk C. process D. sense
62.
A. crucial B. social C. financial D. economical
63.
A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure
64.
A. subconscious B. aware C. unconscious D. conscientious
65.
A. takes B. results C. leads D. comes
66.
A. field B. respect C. direction D. period
67.
A. in general B. by contrast C. in conclusion D. for instance
68.
A. resulted in B. concerned with C. accounted for D. taken over
69.
A. increasing B. rising C. varying D. decreasing
70.
A. sense B. change C. difference D. impression
71.
A. deliberate B. delicate C. real D. true
72.
A. fortunately B. completely C. mostly D. barely
73.
A. potential B. huge C. extra D. eager
74.
A. temporary B. past C. seasonal D. situational
75.
A. discipline B. satisfaction C. awareness D. confidence
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Disneyland’s opening day, July 17, 1955, was a terrible experience. Rides broke down. Restaurants ran out of food and drink and drinking fountains were in short supply... All in front of a national audience of 90million, then the largest live broadcast in television history on a day that would be known in Disney history as Black Sunday.
But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called “Daddy’s Day”. On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.
He thought he could do better. In 1939 he asked two animators (动画片制作者) at his movie studio to work on a plan for an amusement park. By 1952 the idea had expanded into a $1.5 million amusement park proposal that he presented to Burbank. The City Council, which feared such a project would create a carnival (嘉年华) atmosphere, rejected the proposal. Disney counted the rejection as fortunate setback. By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank. He searched locations throughout Southern California. A 160-acre orange garden, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon selected.
The ABC television network offered $5 million in loans and investments if Disney agreed to produce and host a one-hour weekly show called "Disneyland". The deal amounted to months of free advertising for the park and allowed Disney to introduce TV audiences particularly kids, to the park.
Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28, 154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.
Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down.
76. What mainly led to Walt Disney’s plan to build his own amusement park
A. His ambition to expand beyond the movie industry.
B. His animators’ suggestion on an entertainment plan.
C. His wish to create a better place for family recreation.
D. His daughters’ unpleasant experience in the Griffith Park.
77. By “Disney counted the rejection as a fortunate setback” in paragraph 3, the author means the rejection ________.
A. brought good luck to Disney and his park
B. contributed to the difficulty of opening the park
C. was viewed as a financial obstacle to the design of the park
D. presented Disney with a favorable opportunity to rethink his plan
78. What can be learned about Disneyland from the passage
A. Everything went on smoothly before it opened.
B. It spent $5 million on advertising for its opening.
C. People’s enthusiasm for it increased despite criticism.
D. Only invited guests could get into it on its opening day.
79. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success
C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History
B
DONALD SLOAN
Gates Hall
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045
913-243-1682 After May 2009:
46 Clayton Drive
St．Louis, MO 63130
314-726-8840
Objective To work with theclient(委托人) population in a social service position.
Education B.A., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009
Major: Social Services
Minor: Applied Psychology
Experience Assistant Activities Supervisor,Fairview Nursing Home, Lawrence, KS, November 2006-present．Help organize and implement recreational activities for nursing home residents．Activities include crafts, dances, day trips, sing-alongs, and visiting performers.
Hotline Volunteer．Teen Crisis Center, Lawrence, KS, September 2006- May 2007．Handled crisis calls from teenagers in the community．Dealt with drug use, unwanted pregnancies, failing grades, and the breakdown of parent-teen relationships.
Nurse’s Aide,Danyers General Hospital, St．Louis, MO, Summer 2006．Assisted nurses in patient care．Took histories, updated charts, and helped prepare patients for surgery.
Activities University Concert Board．Work with other board members to plan and implement on-campus concerts.
Senior Gift Campaign．Help manage the campaign to raise funds for the senior class gift to the university.
Residence Hall Programming Board．Planned social events for Eggar Residence Hall.
Skills Fluent in French．Water safety instructor．Skilled at working with people.
Interests Skiing, softball, classical music, and guitar．
80. This passage is most probably ______.
A. an advertisement for enrolling new employees
B. a school report at the end of an academic year
C. a self-introduction meant to apply for a job
D. a part of a recommendation letter from a university
81. According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be _____.
A. a wise leader B. a skillful performer
C. a gifted scientist D. a good social worker
82. From the passage we can learn that Donald Sloan ______.
A. is good at singing and dancing B. is about to graduate from a university
C. has an interest in being a surgeon D. specializes in psychology
C
The idea that richer countries are happier may seem intuitively obvious. However, in 1974, research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise, He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy, this did not hold at a national level. In the United States, for example, average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970, but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend.; in fact, they declined between 1060 and 1970. These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term “ Easterlin paradox”: the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness.
Having access to additional income seems to only provide a temporary surge in happiness. Since a certain minimum income is needed for basic necessities, it’s possible that the happiness boost from extra cash isn’t that great once you rise above the poverty line. This would explain Easterlin’s findings in the United States and other developed countries. He argued that life satisfaction does rise with average incomes but only in the short term.
Recent research has challenged the Easternlin paradox, however. In2013, sociologists Ruut Veenhoven and Floris Vergunst conducted a study using statistics from the World Database of Happiness. Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness. Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness: “If there is a satiation point, we are yet to reach it.” The study’s findings suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier. With a much debate about the relationship between money and happiness, it’s clear that happiness itself is a complex concept and depends on many factors.
According to psychologists Selin Kesebir and Shigehiro Oishi, happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you. They argue that a country’s economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed. In emerging countries with high income inequality——where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer——average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity. This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure more equal distribution of wealth. The happier people are, the more productive they are likely to become, thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels.
There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness, with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier. However, it is clear that wealth alone isn’t enough to make us happy. The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a social responsibility. We need to remember the positive effects of generosity, altruism, and building social connections. Perhaps our focus should be less on how m uch money we have, and more on how we use it.
83. According to the passage, Easterlin Paradox refers to______.
A. the fact that the more money, the happier people will feel
B. the suggestion that money should be given the top priority
C. the question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwide
D. the opinion that higher income doesn’t necessarily generate happiness
84. The word “satiation” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. satisfaction B. controversial C. central D. sensitive
85. What is the major reason for people’s unhappiness related to money
A. Money not enough. B. Money not fairly dirtributed.
C. Rich people richer D. Unequal money paid for equal work.
86. Which of the following might be best title of this passage
A. It’s all relative B. Easternlin paradox
C. The economic of happiness D. Rising income, rising happiness
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need.
Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries.
Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. ___87___
Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. ___88___ This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.
These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. ___89___
___90___ Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions.
A. There is a difference between the food that people eat in the countryside and the food people eat in big cities.
B. Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common.
C. In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square.
D. Possibly the global popularity of Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.
E. Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods.
F. Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat.
V. Translation （3’+3’+4’+5’）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
91. 她的学习态度对她的同学有积极的影响。(impact) (汉译英)
92. 在团队精神的鼓舞下，每个足球运动员都对比赛做出了自己的贡献。(inspire) (汉译英)
93. 这家以海鲜为特色的餐厅，已经成为了一个旅游景点，挤满了来自国内外的游客。(feature) (汉译英)
94. 在互联网时代，便利与风险共存。 我们不仅要赶上潮流，还要努力分辨真假信息。(when) (汉译英)
