2024年高考英语第一轮复习阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇（含解析）

2024年高考英语第一轮复习
阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇
1.
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
1．How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A．By shortening their travel time.
B．By making their schedules tight.
C．By decreasing their transport cost.
D．By improving their safety awareness.
2．What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A．They provide more spatial coverage.
B．They can’t detect objects on the road.
C．They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D．They accurately record the flow of traffic.
3．What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Operation. B．Monitoring. C．Protection. D．Arrangement.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Transportation automation is on its way
B．It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C．Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D．Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
2.
What are pillows really stuffed with Not physically, but symbolically The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC． But why Is there anything more to this delightful celebration
As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.
Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.
It’s a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaigne’s thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.
With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor that drags the world’s soul down — one that must be lightened.
5．The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that ________.
A．pillows give people satisfactory dreams
B．dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel
C．people’s impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror
D．pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance
6．From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte ________.
A．wrote poems about pillows
B．regarded pillows as reflections of our minds
C．shared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillows
D．was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance
7．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means ________.
A．pillows give us comfort
B．pillows make people more intelligent
C．people with too many thoughts have less inner peace
D．people can easily fall asleep when they know nothing
8．According to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world
A．Because it is a ritual release.
B．Because it makes life delightful.
C．Because it comforts restless minds.
D．Because it contains a profound meaning of life.
3.
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.
9．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A．Your neighbour’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C．Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D．Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
10．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
11．The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse
12．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
4.
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
13．What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A．Unable to contrast at the same time. B．Unable to detect each other.
C．Unable to distinct from each other. D．Unable to exist at the same time.
14．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do
A．Promote a new science-poetry journal.
B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.
C．Encourage science communication through poems.
D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.
15．What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication
A．Conventional. B．Effective. C．Innovative. D．Complex.
16．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
B．Scientists Take on Poetry
C．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
D．Scientists and Poets Think Alike
5.
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost-effective care. IBM’s Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.
The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one’s specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.
There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients’ resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient’s unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients’ reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.
AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressive rate, providing better medical services for the patients. But harnessing the full potential of them will require that we first overcome patients’ doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.
17．What made people resist the medical AI
A．A sufferer’s temper ignored by medical AI.
B．People’s lasting trust in a human doctor’s ability.
C．The concern about its personalization in treatment.
D．The accuracy of the information from medical AI.
18．What can be a solution to patients’ resistance according to the author
A．Treating sufferers as average patients.
B．Providing a more specific treatment.
C．Getting the algorithms prioritized in time.
D．Keeping away from the influence of a physician.
19．Which word can replace the underlined word “harnessing” in the last paragraph
A．Weakening. B．Storing. C．Destroying. D．Using.
20．What is the suitable title for the text
A．Advantages of Medical AI
B．Potential Application of AI
C．How AI Replaces Nurses in Healthcare
D．The Challenge That Medical AI Faces
6.
As archaeologists (考古学家) examined ancient tombs in Turfan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and familiar relics. Though hardened from over 1,000 years, there sat little dumplings.
Exactly who invented dumplings remains a mystery. But some scholars suspect they were first spread by nomadic (游牧的) Turkic peoples living in western China and Central Asia. This is thought to be the case because “manti,” meaning “dumpling” or “steamed bun” in many Turkic languages, appears to be the root word for dumpling in several other languages. Ancient Turkic people probably filled their dumplings with meat. But it’s unclear when this practice began, or whether they learned the art of dumpling-making from others. However this happened, dumplings certainly gathered steam in ancient China.
Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the traditional meat filling, some communities chose vegetarian (素食) dumplings. People developed new cooking methods. The relationship between Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is tricky to trace, but food historians have made their best guesses based on available clues.
Besides Turkic tribes, some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also contributed to the spread of dumplings, perhaps introducing them to parts of Eastern Europe. These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire. One theory is that this gave rise to dumplings like pelmeni in Russia, pierogi in Poland and vareniki in Ukraine. The Mongol Empire also controlled Korea and might have likewise introduced dumplings there. Later, after Chinese dumpling varieties were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings, which means “little lumps”. During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” were brought to Japan. So what about the Italian dumpling-like pasta Some historians think it might be brought by Arab conquerors.
It’s unlikely that all dumpling dishes came from the same root tradition. However, we can appreciate the mysterious historical web that made dumplings so various.
21．What made Turkic peoples suspected to first spread dumplings
A．The languages they used. B．Their eating habits.
C．Their dumpling-making skills. D．The newly found tombs.
22．What does the phrase “gathered steam” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Originated. B．Stabilized.
C．Got well-cooked. D．Became popular.
23．What does paragraph 4 focus on
A．The spreading process of dumplings.
B．The possible origins of dumplings.
C．Differences between various dumplings.
D．Reasons for the popularity of dumplings.
24．Which of the following best describe dumplings according to the passage
A．Delicious. B．Diverse. C．Unusual. D．Regional.
7.
A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects.
“We found that street lighting strongly reduced moth (飞蛾) population compared with unlit sites... and affected moth development,” the study stated.
The study’s results apply to a localized level and cannot be used to determine whether national-level populations are declining due to light pollution. However, it adds further weight to existing research on how light pollution affects ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots and highlights the need to shift to alternatives in artificial light that would tone down these effects.
The effects on insect populations are wide-ranging. More specifically, artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators (捕食性动物). It also affects moths’ feeding behavior, which subsequently leads to declines in their population too. Light pollution thus joins a host of factors, such as climate change and deforestation, as one of the determinants of insect population decline.
While previous studies examined the effects of lighting on bats and other vertebrates, this study focused on their prey—creatures lower down in the food chain—and, as a result, complementing (补充) previous studies. Therefore, the study is concerning because it suggests an alarming loss of insects caused by artificial light, which will have far-reaching consequences for all the wildlife and ecosystems that depend on them.
Moreover, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were found to have the worst impact on local insects and ecosystem processes. The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. If the findings of the study are anything to go by, local insect ecosystems will suffer considerable consequences- which will, in turn, affect the wildlife that depends on them and, ultimately, could perhaps even upset agricultural balances.
25．What can we learn about the new study
A．It is conducted on a local basis.
B．It highlights the value of artificial light.
C．It focuses on the preservation of insects.
D．It matters more than the existing research.
26．What effect does artificial light have on moths
A．It may put them in danger.
B．It prevents them from feeding.
C．It may lead to their extinction.
D．It disables them from laying eggs.
27．What do the researchers advise us to do with the LEDs
A．To shift to green alternatives.
B．To adopt brighter colors and filters.
C．To avoid adopting white-light LEDs.
D．To replace them with motion sensors.
28．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Artificial Light and Wildlife Protection
B．Light Pollution and the Endangered Species
C．Artificial Light Has Negative Effects on Agriculture
D．Light Pollution from Street Lights Could Drive Insect Loss
8.
Each year, more than 27 million U.S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.
A U. S. government program started in 2012 offered schools’ money spent on cleaner school buses but not all schools could get it. Five years later, emissions from buses in the winning districts fell. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended ‘school each day’ in the winning districts, compared to the losing districts. Winning schools with higher rates of bus-riding kids had an average of 14 more students in class each day. And winning districts that replaced the oldest school buses They had an average of 45 more students in school each day.
Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 million fewer student absences each year.
There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health. A study done on adults showed that a brief exposure to diesel emissions reduced “network connectivity” in the brain. In other studies, such network-connectivity changes have been linked to worsened memory and mental tasks. A Washington State program upgraded pollution controls in old diesel buses. Afterward, fewer kids were hospitalized in those districts than in schools without bus upgrades.
Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the program. But schools in low-income areas, in tribal areas and, in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from older buses.
29．What can we infer about diesel school buses from the first paragraph
A．They have a short service life.
B．They operate cost-effectively.
C．They accommodate few passengers.
D．They do much harm to school children.
30．Why is the increase in school attendance small but important
A．It is a long accumulation. B．It is a winning condition.
C．It is a measuring standard. D．It is a student achievement.
31．How does the bus replacement bring better student attendance
A．By reducing the network connectivity.
B．By bettering the health state of students.
C．By improving student satisfaction with schools.
D．By meeting students’ demand for school bus drivers.
32．What does the text mainly talk about
A．The “network connectivity” in the brain.
B．The great work on cleaner school buses.
C．A U. S. government program for education.
D．Better attendance due to new school buses.
9.
We all sometimes behave in ways that seem to conflict with our goals and intentions. One person might wish to spend more time with family but instead find themselves mindlessly browsing social media. Another may repeatedly ignore their alarm and miss their morning workout. If we only had more willpower, the conventional wisdom goes, we could eat healthier, exercise regularly, and spend more time with loved ones. However, in Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will, scientist Robert Sapolsky argues that such choices are actually determined by factors beyond our control.
Sapolsky demonstrates in his book how various factors influence our intentions and actions. He describes scientific evidence that those influences may occur minutes, hours, or days before our actions; some may even begin years earlier. For example, people raised in a collectivist culture tend to avoid obstacles (障碍) when walking whereas those raised in independent cultures will remove the obstacles.
In particular, Sapolsky argues against the claim that “luck” evens (均等) out over time, with fortune and misfortune striking most people in equal measure, an idea favored by others. Instead, he provides convincing examples that many who are born “unlucky” have little chance of getting ahead.
Although Sapolsky is careful not to confuse determinism with the inability to affect change in the world, his unclear attitude toward how determinism might coexist with free will is one of the book’s weak points. Nonetheless, this book is worth reading. Better yet, pair it with Kevin Mitchell’s book Free Agents: How Evolution Gave Us Free Will, which makes the opposite argument, and then, decide for yourself whether you had a choice to do so or it was all predetermined.
33．How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph
A．By giving examples. B．By listing statistics.
C．By raising arguments. D．By drawing conclusions.
34．According to Sapolsky, what determine(s) our choices and actions
A．Level of willpower. B．Random luck.
C．Uncontrollable elements. D．Conventional wisdom.
35．What does the underlined word “collectivist” mean
A．Low-esteemed. B．Determined. C．Self-centered. D．Cooperative.
36．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Exploration on Free Will B．Wisdom in Decision Making
C．Views on Determinism and Free Will D．Conflicts between Goals and Choices
10.
A new medicine developed in China has been recently introduced, which is expected to significantly enhance the prevention and control of malaria in pared with the previous medicines, this latest medicine is not only more efficient but also easier to administer. Its introduction is anticipated to result in a sharp decline in the number of deaths caused by malaria.
In case studies conducted in Kenya, second-generation artesunate(青蒿琥酯) for injection, developed by Chinese medicine company Fosun Pharma, has proved highly effective in treating severe malaria in children, Kenyan health experts said.
In addition, the new drug—produced under the brand name Argesun—can be easier and faster to prepare, and safer to inject, than its previous generation, which was produced under the name Artesun, and which was widely used in dozens of countries for more than10 years.
“We think that this is a very good development. It is really going to cut our rate of deaths and also the complications caused by malaria,” Walter Otieno said, a Kenyan Medical researcher.
Argesun was pre-qualified by the World Health Organization in June and has been registered in 18 African countries, according to Fosun Pharma.
Both Artesun and Argesun are innovative antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin (青蒿素), which was discovered by Nobel Prize winner Tu Youyou in the 1970s,and which has made significant contributions to malaria control and prevention in the world during the past two decades.
Wu Yifang, chairman of Fosun Pharma, said the company recognized the strategic value of antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin and restructured its sub company Guilin Pharmaceutical in 2004 to start introducing the drugs to the international market. Its first antimalarial drug entered Africa in 2007,and the company launched a training program for front-line medical workers in Africa in 2014.
“To win the battle against malaria, we have to get rid of it worldwide,” Wu said, adding that the company is pushing to transform its antimalarial drugs from “made in China and used in Africa” to “made in Africa and used in Africa”, in order to increase the accessibility and affordability of the drugs there.
37．What is the advantage of Argesun compared with Artesun
A．It is originally based on artemisinin.
B．It is user-friendly for doctors and nurses.
C．It has been widely used for over 20 years.
D．It is much cheaper for patients in Africa.
38．Why did Fosun Pharma restructure its subcompany in Guilin
A．To enter the African market.
B．To train the doctors and nurses in Africa.
C．To spread its antimalarial drugs worldwide.
D．To learn the strategic value of antimalarial drugs.
39．How can Africans use antimalarial drugs more easily according to Wu Yifang
A．By producing the drugs in Africa. B．By lowering the price of the drugs.
C．By winning the battle against malaria. D．By changing the way of transportation.
40．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Africa Sees New Hope in Malaria Fight
B．Artemisinin Meets A New Advancement
C．African People Are Suffering from Malaria
D．Chinese Medicine Company Hit Aftican Market
11.
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala, researchers detected an ancient Maya site. “We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region” in this section of Guatemala, said Carlos Morales-Aguilar, one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar (雷达), or light detection and ranging, which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites. In lidar, lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape. The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in maya site, as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy, the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically, and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere (西半球),” Carlos wrote in the study. Using data from the scans, the team identified more than 1,000 settlements dotting the region. They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot. They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids, along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place
“For the Maya, the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’,” Ross Ensley wrote, partner of Carlos, a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston, Texas. “The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs. They provided a source for limestone, their primary building material, and dry land to live on. The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps (沼泽), which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
41．Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey
A．It detects a wide range of lasers. B．It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C．It passes lights through forests easily. D．It improves the visibility of rainforests.
42．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Why Maya drew great attention. B．How Maya people made a living.
C．The research process after surveying the Maya. D．The findings through observing the Maya region.
43．What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley
A．They transformed the land to survive. B．They were good at upland agriculture.
C．They preferred to build houses using limestone. D．They made a sound choice about where to settle.
44．Which is the best title for the text
A．The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B．The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C．Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D．Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
12.
When you eagerly dig into a long-awaited dinner, it’s traditionally believed that signals from your stomach to your brain stop you eating so much. However, a research team recently discovered that it’s our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day. Stimulated by the perception of flavor, a set of brain cells become active to quickly curtail food intake.
Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat, but it’s been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains, making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full, called NTS, in an active mouse.
The new study found that when researchers put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH were activated by signals from the gut (消化道), in line with traditional thinking. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the gut didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It’s astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste,” said researchers. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserves our attention.”
The PRLH-activated slowdown also makes sense in terms of timing. The taste of food allows PRLH to switch their activity in seconds. In contrast, another group of brain cells, called CGC, takes several minutes to respond to signals from the gut. The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time. These two sets of brain cells interact to work together: one uses taste to slow down eating, while the other signals that you are full.
Understanding how body signals regulate appetite could improve weight-loss programs for the overweight by making use of interactions between signals from different brain cell sets.
45．What does the underline word “curtail” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Activate. B．Limit. C．Expand. D．Assist.
46．What is the limitation of previous studies according to paragraph 2
A．Inadequate technologies.
B．Inefficient funds.
C．Unqualified professionals.
D．Improper methods.
47．What did the new study find about PRLH brain cells when the mice normally ate
A．They helped stimulate the mice’s appetite.
B．They encouraged the mice to speed up eating.
C．They were activated by signals from the mouth.
D．They were controlled by signals from the stomach.
48．What is the function of CGC brain cells
A．To slow down eating speed.
B．To improve the digestion system.
C．To extend the feeling of fullness.
D．To interact with signals from taste.
13.
Recently, I accidentally found a set of Hanfu l only wore once from the bottom of the cupboard. I remember buying them simply to match the ancient-style hair accessories (配饰) a friend gave me. It occurred to me that 1 had been trapped in the “birdcage effect”.
“Birdcage effect” means that when you get an item one day, you will prepare more things to match it. Weeks ago, I was in the company of friends engaged in shopping. One said that she wanted to buy a good writing pen to match the delicate notebook that her sister gave her, so that she would fall in love with taking notes on reading, and thus love reading, not just reading. I joked that she must have fallen for the “birdcage effect”. But the friend said with a smile: “Why not use the ‘birdcage effect’ instead ”
For the first time, I heard that the “birdcage effect” can be used in reverse (逆向). However, this can’t help but remind me of middle school, and I seem to have used the “birdcage effect”. Passing by a bookstore one day, I purchased a magazine and saw the call for contributions published in the magazine, so I started writing with eager hands, and then I fell in love with writing.
After shopping with my friends that time, I began to proceed to use the “birdcage effect”. I bought a small fresh tablecloth to decorate my desk, and a beautiful notebook to record my inspiration. When everything was ready, I started writing again.
But how can we get rid of the “birdcage effect” in many things, and even use the “birdcage effect” in the opposite way Various “birdcages” unavoidably appear in life, but we can distinguish them. If it is not in line with the actual situation, it is a “negative birdcage”, then we must learn to stop losses in time and maintain a heart of abandonment and separation. If it is a “positive birdcage” that motivates us to develop upward, we can clarify our goals, shop or decorate appropriately, and motivate ourselves to move towards our goals. At this time, you will find that the “birdcage effect” is actually not so terrible!
49．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The application of the “birdcage effect” in life.
B．The necessity of using the “birdcage effect” in life.
C．The turning point of the author’s idea on the “birdcage effect”.
D．The author’s conflict with her friend over the “birdcage effect”.
50．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning her middle school experience
A．To recall her delightful days at school.
B．To explain the reason for her love with writing.
C．To confirm the positive of the “birdcage effect”.
D．To prove her knowledge of the “birdcage effect”.
51．How can we make use of the “birdcage effect” positively
A．By realizing this effect has two sides.
B．By promoting our personal consumption.
C．By recognizing this effect is not so terrible.
D．By guiding our acts to go with reasonable goals.
52．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Getting Rid of the Birdcage Effect Confidently
B．Motivating Ourselves to Move Towards Our Goals
C．The Birdcage Effect: Influence on Consumer Behavior
D．The Birdcage Effect: How to Use It to Your Advantage
14.
When you’re bored, you might start playing with a ball or other objects. Such behavior is common in people. Other animals like it too—that’s why a dog fetches a stick, or a cat bats at toys. Play is an enjoyable way to pass the time. A new study finds that it’s not just mammals that like to play. Bumblebees (大黄蜂) do it too, making them the first insects known to play.
In the study, Hiruni Samadi Galpayage Dona, an insect expert, did an experiment using 200 untrained bumblebees to see if they might play. Of those, 45 would be marked with a number when they emerged as adults.
A pathway was set up from the bumblebees’ nest to a feeding area. One side contained small wooden balls that rolled. The other side had the same number of balls, but they were stuck to the floor. Half balls on each side were colored balls. The rest were left unpainted.
For three hours a day over 18 days, Galpayage Dona found bumblebees weren’t so interested in the side where the balls didn’t move, but they explored the side areas and interacted with the balls. Once they managed to roll a ball, they strongly preferred that side. They returned, climbing on the balls and rolling them around. She also found bumblebees preferred certain colors of balls.
“There’s something about the mobility that is more interesting for the bumblebees than just colored objects,” Galpayage Dona says. In another experiment, she sometimes left the balls out overnight. “When I came in the next day, I would always find some bumblebees rolling the balls.” As with mammals, the bumblebees who played the most were the younger ones. Their play tapered off as they got older.
The scientists say it’s not clear why the bumblebees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it. But the experiment raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
53．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By describing the fun of play. B．By analyzing reasons for boredom.
C．By introducing similar phenomena. D．By presenting animals’ cute images.
54．What did the researcher do in the experiment
A．She trained bumblebees to play balls.
B．She put small balls along the pathway.
C．She set up a pathway in bumblebees’ nest.
D．She rewarded the bumblebees with rolled balls.
55．What does the underlined part “tapered off” probably mean in paragraph 5
A．Mattered. B．Helped. C．Decreased. D．Emerged.
56．What can be the best title for the text
A．Bumblebees Prefer Shape to Color
B．Balls Are Bumblebees’ Favorite Toys
C．Playing with Objects Is Animals’ Second Nature
D．Bumblebees Are the First Insects Known to Play
15.
Think of your most prized possession. Now, imagine you decide you must sell this item. How much is it worth to you How much would you charge for it And would anyone else want to buy it at that price
Let’s consider the real-world example of a yard sale. Before your neighbors come to look at your things, you must first decide on the prices for them. For you, each item has a story, and some items may even evoke strong emotions.
Let’s say you’re selling a pair of special edition sports shoes that you took care of and really enjoyed wearing on special occasions. With these sweet memories in mind, you put a price tag of $130 on the shoes. However, a customer offers $50 for them. You think, “How could they not see how special and valuable these are ”
In financial transactions like this, sellers often believe their own items are worth more than what buyers are willing to pay. This occurs because buyers do not have the seller’s experiences with and emotional attachment to the items. Buyers want a good deal, and they’re not willing to pay what the seller is asking for.
This negotiation process can even feel a little painful for the seller—over losing something and the buyer not valuing it as much. Economists suggest this dynamic occurs through the endowment effect (禀赋效应)—people’s tendency to value things they own more highly than they would if they did not own them. The endowment effect can take hold anytime we feel a sense of ownership over a product, and it can happen quickly.
As the saying goes, “Emotions get the best of us.” There is nothing wrong with being proud of owning things and treasuring your experiences with them. But when you consider selling a prized possession, think about whether you’re fully ready to part with it. The past is the past, though. Removing your emotional attachment to material possessions can help you make more accurate assessments of how much your items are truly worth.
57．What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Advocate. B．Cause. C．Identify. D．Control.
58．What makes you put a price tag of $130 on your shoes according to paragraph3
A．Your fondness for the shoes. B．Your ignorance of the market.
C．The high quality of the shoes. D．The special function of the shoes.
59．Which can best illustrate the result of endowment effect
A．One likes collecting old things.
B．One tends to buy expensive goods.
C．One offers a lower price when shopping.
D．One charges a higher-than-usual price for something.
60．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To make a suggestion. B．To introduce a theory.
C．To analyze a phenomenon. D．To provide some evidence.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.(研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地)”可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图)”可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。由此推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及划线词前面的内容“While still a long way from total implementation(实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future ...(虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…)”可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。故划线词与B选项“Monitoring.(监控)”为同义词。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.( 俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。由此可知，D选项“Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic(安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。
5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.(作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧)”可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外观形成鲜明对比的是，枕头象征性地传达了一种含义。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed ‘a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow’, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.(19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头’，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西)”可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线句子“ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head(无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息)”中关键词ignorance可知，划线部分的含义指的是什么都不想的，无知的人很容易入睡。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind.(一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空)”可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C项。
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为“亦敌亦友”的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.(他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为“亦敌亦友”，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。)”可知，“亦敌亦友”的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。选项B“Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.(你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。)”符合这一表述。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.(但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹。)”以及文章第五段“Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起“我完全不同意你所说的一切”，“我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好”被证明更令人沮丧。)”可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.(表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。)”可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你。划线单词上文“watch your kids”是帮助，由此可推测，划线单词的意思和“批评”相似。选项A“devalue (贬低)”；选项B“appreciate (欣赏)”；选项C“respect (尊重)”；选项D“abuse (滥用)”。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.(每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害 —— 甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系才是最有害的。故选B。
13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“But that wasn’t always the case.(但情况并非总是如此)”以及第一段“The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.(数学家A da Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Mahwah都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生)”可知，后文举例说明诗歌和科学可以同时存在，结合but表示转折，可知第一句意思是：诗歌和科学通常被认为是不能同时存在的职业道路。故划线词意思是“不能同时存在”。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.(通过研讨会和一本名为Consilience的新科学诗歌期刊，伊林沃思正在帮助科学家将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引他们所在科学领域以外的人的欣赏)”可知，伊林沃思的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学交流。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也赞同这一观点，他认为科学传播计划往往被公开讲座和不干涉的PowerPoint幻灯片所主导)”可知，伊林沃思认为，科学交流倡议往往被公开讲座的幻灯片所主导，这是一种老套的方式。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家 Ada Lovelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了Sam Illingworth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌杂志 Consilience，以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家Manjula Silva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科学）。B选项“科学家研究诗歌”最符合文章标题。故选B。
17．C 18．B 19．D 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然医疗人工智能可以提供较好的医疗服务，但是患者有强烈的抵触，其原因在于人们担心它无法提供个性化治疗，因此要想充分发挥医疗人工智能的潜力，需要首先解决患者对它的抵触。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one’s specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. (相反，对医疗人工智能的抵制似乎来自一种信念，即人工智能不会考虑到个人的具体情况。人们认为自己是独一无二的。相比之下，他们认为人工智能提供者提供的医疗服务适合治疗普通患者，但不适合解释适用于个人的独特情况)”可知，人们担心医疗人工智能无法提供适合个人的个性化治疗，因此抵触它。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient’s unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. (例如，如果人工智能提供者能够根据每个患者的独特特征和病史量身定制是否进行手术的建议，那么患者可能会遵循人工智能提供者的治疗建议)”可知，作者认为根据患者的具体情况提供更具体的治疗，可能可以解决患者对医疗人工智能的抵触。故选B项。
19．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressive rate, providing better medical services for the patients. (基于人工智能的医疗保健技术正在以惊人的速度发展和应用，为患者提供更好的医疗服务)”和下文“that we first overcome patients’ doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care (我们首先要克服病人对由算法而非人来决定他们的护理的怀疑)”可知，此处先肯定医疗人工智能的发展可以带来更好的医疗服务，再提出要解决人们对医疗人工智能的怀疑。由此推知，该解决方法的目的在于充分利用医疗人工智能的潜能，画线词意思应该与use“使用，利用”一致。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段先介绍虽然医疗人工智能可以提供较好的医疗服务，但是患者强烈抵触医疗人工智能，第二段分析了这种抵触背后的原因，第三段从原因入手提出相应的解决方法，最后一段总结我们需要消除患者的强烈抵触，才能充分利用医疗人工智能。因此，D项“医疗人工智能面临的挑战”契合文章主要内容，最适合作为标题。故选D项。
21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了有关饺子传播的一些历史。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But some scholars suspect they were first spread by nomadic(游牧的) Turkic peoples living in western China and Central Asia. This is thought to be the case because ‘manti,’ meaning ‘dumpling’ or ‘steamed bun’ in many Turkic languages, appears to be the root word for dumpling in several other languages.(但一些学者怀疑，它们最早是由生活在中国西部和中亚的突厥游牧民族传播的。之所以会被认为是这种情况，是因为‘manti’在许多突厥语中的意思是‘饺子’或‘馒头’，在其他几种语言中似乎是饺子的词根。)”可知，由于突厥语的“manti”在其他几种语言中似乎是饺子的词根，所以突厥民族被怀疑是最初传播饺子的人。故选A。
22．短语猜测题。根据第三段中的“Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years.(在接下来的一千年里，饺子在中国继续流行并多样化。)”可知，在突厥之后的一千年里，饺子继续受到人们的喜爱，并且出现了多种形式，由此可推测出，“dumplings certainly gathered steam in ancient China”表示的是饺子无疑在古代中国很受欢迎。gather steam意为“受欢迎，流行”，与become popular的意思最接近。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Besides Turkic tribes, some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also contributed to the spread of dumplings, perhaps introducing them to parts of Eastern Europe.(除了突厥部落，一些学者认为蒙古帝国也对饺子的传播做出了贡献，也许将饺子引入了东欧的部分地区。)”和“The Mongol Empire also controlled Korea and might have likewise introduced dumplings there. Later, after Chinese dumpling varieties were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings, which means ‘little lumps’. During the Second World War, Chinese ‘jiaozi’ were brought to Japan.(蒙古帝国也控制了朝鲜，并可能在那里引入了饺子。后来，随着中国饺子品种被引入更多的国家，讲英语的人开始称它们为饺子，意思是‘小肿块’。第二次世界大战期间，中国的‘饺子’被带到了日本。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了饺子的传播过程。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the traditional meat filling, some communities chose vegetarian(素食) dumplings. People developed new cooking methods.(在接下来的一千年里，饺子在中国继续流行并多样化。一些社会选择了素食饺子，而不是传统的肉馅。人们开发了新的烹饪方法。)”和最后一段中的“However, we can appreciate the mysterious historical web that made dumplings so various.(然而，我们可以欣赏到使饺子如此多样化的神秘历史之网。)”可知，饺子经过千年来的发展演变，有了不同的口味和烹饪方法，由此可推测出，用“多样化”（diverse）最能描述饺子。故选B。
25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了英国开展的一项研究：研究发现晚上街灯造成的光污染对昆虫的数量有影响。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study’s results apply to a localized level(研究结果适用于局部水平)”可知，此研究是在某一区域范围内开展的。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段“artificial light affects how moths lay their eggs and puts them at a higher risk of being spotted by predators(捕食性动物) (人造光会影响飞蛾产卵的方式，使它们更容易被捕食者发现)”可知，人造光会使得飞蛾处于更容易被捕食者发现的危险中。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers thus call for shifting away from white LEDs or employing processes such as motion sensors to make the lights less bright and changing colors and filters to avoid the negative impacts. (因此，研究人员呼吁远离白色LED，或采用运动传感器等工艺来降低灯光亮度，并改变颜色和滤镜以避免负面影响。)”可知，研究者建议避免使用发白光的LED灯。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new UK-based study on the effects of artificial light on local insect populations found that light pollution from street lamps disturbs insect behavior, leading to an overall loss of insects. (一项基于英国的关于人造光对当地昆虫种群影响的新研究发现，路灯的光污染会干扰昆虫的行为，导致昆虫的全面损失。)”可知，文章的主要内容是路灯的光污染可能导致昆虫死亡。故选D。
29．D 30．A 31．B 32．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国校巴更新计划如何减少柴油污染，提高学生出勤率和健康水平。老旧巴士被指出对学生健康不利，新巴士实施后出勤有所改善。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段中“U. S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.”（美国和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽车上学。这些公共汽车大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所产生的污染会让乘客吸入。柴油校车内的污染水平可能比外面高几倍。为什么？污染可以从（校车）地板漏进来，或者从窗户吹进来。）可知，从第一段我们可以推断出柴油校车对学生有很大的危害。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 million fewer student absences each year.”（这些数字听起来可能很小，但积少成多。出勤率对学生的成绩很重要。近300万美国儿童乘坐的校车年龄超过20岁。如果美国的学区更换了所有的旧巴士，那么就只有1辆了。每年减少300万学生缺勤。）可知，学校出勤率的增加很小却很重要是因为这是一个积累的过程。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health.”（提高出勤率可能还有其他原因。例如，也许孩子们更喜欢新公交车。然而，学生缺勤减少最有可能的原因是健康状况好转。）可知，公交车更换通过改善学生的健康状况来提高学生出勤率。故选B项。
32．主旨大意题。全文主要谈论的是更换新校巴带来的更好的学生出勤率。文中详细说明了美国某些学区采取行动换新巴士后，学生的出勤情况如何改善，以及这一改变如何积极影响到学生的健康和学习成绩。尽管文中也提到了美国政府的项目和对大脑网络连接性的研究，但这些都是为了支持主题。因此D选项“Better attendance due to new school buses”（由于有了新的校车，出勤率提高了。）正确地反映了文本的主旨。故选D项。
33．A 34．C 35．D 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Robert Sapolsky在《决定：一门没有自由意志的生命科学》一书中的观点，认为人的行为方式有时与目标和意图相冲突，这实际上是由无法控制的因素决定的。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段“One person might wish to spend more time with family but instead find themselves mindlessly browsing social media. Another may repeatedly ignore their alarm and miss their morning workout.(有人可能希望花更多的时间和家人在一起，但却发现自己在漫无目的地浏览社交媒体。另一些人可能会反复忽略他们的闹钟，错过早上的锻炼)”可推知，作者通过举两个例子的方式来引入文章的话题。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, in Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will, scientist Robert Sapolsky argues that such choices are actually determined by factors beyond our control.(然而，在《决定：一门没有自由意志的生命科学》一书中，科学家罗伯特·萨波尔斯基认为，这些选择实际上是由我们无法控制的因素决定的)”可知，科学家Robert Sapolsky认为，是不可控的因素决定了我们的选择和行动。故选C。
35．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“culture tend to avoid obstacles (障碍) when walking whereas those raised in independent cultures will remove the obstacles”可知，通过句子中的语义转折词“whereas”以及跟划线词形成对比的单词independent“自立的；独立的”可知，在集体主义文化中长大的人在路上遇到障碍时会避开，而在个人主义文化中长大的人则会去清除障碍。故划线单词