山东省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

山东省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山东省德州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末统考英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
A family cruise (乘船游览) offers a convenient and cost-effective alternative winter vacation. Here are appealing at-sea vacation ideas to consider this winter.
Tour Australia with Princess Cruises
For a faraway family vacation, consider exploring Australia aboard the Princess. Leaving on Dec. 17, the Princess will take passengers to the Whitsunday Archipelago and the Great Barrier Reef. And on the ship, little ones can enjoy a wide range of onboard activities, from dance classes to volleyball classes. In the evening, parents and their kids can enjoy kid-friendly movies.
Explore Asian Metropolises with Regent Seven Seas
Regent Seven Seas’ ships take visitors to world-class destinations across Asia. Departing on Dec. 17, this 12-day cruise offers plenty of outdoor activities. Kids will enjoy the waterfalls of Miyazaki and the legendary street food scene in Hong Kong. As for onboard food, families can choose from a variety of dining options, from fast food to an Italian eatery.
Discover Patagonia with Seabourn
The amazing journey to Antarctica and Patagonia aboard the Seabourn Quest departs on Nov, 29, and includes a jam-packed agenda. Animal lovers can admire penguins, seals and other fascinating wildlife up close via daily Zodiac boat trips. Back onboard the ship, kids can take baths, watch shows, play board games and curl up with a book at the library.
Cruise to the Caribbean with Disney
Disney Cruise Line’s four ships offer plenty of bells and whistles for kids. Besides, there are plenty of family-friendly stateroom category options that cater to budget-conscious families. Depart from Port Canaveral, on a four-night cruise aboard the Disney Dream for a fun adventure through the Bahamas, with stops in Disney’s privately owned island.
1. What can kids do on the Princess
A. Learn dance skills. B. Perform in a drama.
C. Read books in a library. D. Join in a sports meeting.
2. What makes Seabourn special
A. Offering family-friendly trips.
B. Serving varieties of onboard food.
C. Providing close wildlife encounters.
D. Covering seven continents of the world.
3. Which cruise best suits the family who desires to save money
A. Princess. B. Regent Seven Seas.
C. Seabourn. D. Disney.
B
Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, needed to come up with a plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going extinct.
To survive the European winter, the northern bald ibis needs to migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching the mountains too late to make it over the peaks, locking them in an icy death trap. Determined to save them, he decided to teach the birds a new, safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.
Some 400 years ago, the Europeans hunted these birds without stopping and devoured the last in the wild, causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild. When Mr. Fritz was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity (圈养).
Mr.Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild. Through years of trial and error, he learned to fly like a bird. He modified (改装) a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004, he led the first flock from Austria to Italy, and has since led more migrations. But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer, they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip is expected to take about six weeks, “Still, we’re optimistic that it’ll work,” said Mr. Fritz.
His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But the unavoidable risks are necessary,” Mr. Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job, but my life’s purpose.”
4. What was Johannes Fritz’s plan
A. To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.
B. To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C. To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D. To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
5. What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Destroyed. B. Abused. C. Released. D. Raised.
6. Why was Mr. Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective
A. Owing to the long time it consumes.
B. For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C. Because of the toughness along the first route.
D. Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
7. Which of the following can best describe Mr. Fritz
A. Honest. B. Innovative. C. Straightforward. D. Demanding.
C
As you’re drafting your New Year’s resolutions, you may think that it takes 21 days of repeating an action for that action to become a habit. So, you set out to go to the gym for 21 days, thinking that by day 22 heading to the gym will feel automatic — maybe even fun.
However, that 21-day estimate isn’t true. A habit expert Wendy Wood found that this falsehood came from a self-help book in the 1960s and actually described how long it takes to get used to your new appearance after plastic surgery. It’s important to note that getting used to something is not the same thing as forming a habit, and perhaps the two concepts got confused along the way, giving rise to the term today.
To figure out how long it actually takes to form a habit, Phillippa Lally, and her team did a series of research.
They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt. Some people chose simple habits like “drinking a bottle of water with lunch.” Others chose more difficult tasks like “running for 15 minutes before dinner.” At the end of 12 weeks, the researchers analyzed the data to determine how long it took each person to go from starting a new behavior to automatically doing it.
The study found that it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic — 66 days to be exact. And if you want to set your expectations appropriately, the truth is that it will probably take you anywhere from two months to eight months to build a new behavior into your life. Interestingly, the researchers also found that “missing one opportunity to perform the behavior did not affect the habit formation process.” That is to say, it doesn’t matter if you mess up every now and then. Building better habits is not an all-or-nothing process.
So, for those who wish to form certain habits, persistence is king. To form a good habit, we need to pay more energy and effort.
8. What does “21days” actually mean according to Wendy Wood
A. The time one drafts a book.
B. The time one develops a new habit.
C. The time one gets used to something.
D. The time one recovers from a surgery.
9. How did the researchers do the research
A. By doing questionnaires. B. By tracking people’s behaviors.
C. By making predictions. D. By analyzing data of previous studies.
10. What can we infer from paragraph 5
A. Habits cannot be noticed easily.
B. The amount of time a habit takes varies.
C. One should perform a behavior constantly.
D. It takes exactly 66 days to form a new habit.
11. What is the best title of the passage
A. Habit — good or not B. Better habit, better life
C. 21days to form a habit D. Hit or miss with habits
D
The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.
All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.
No longer so, I am guessing.
It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.
Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away.
All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!
12. What do people often do at the garage sale
A. Purchase a garage. B. Label their belongings.
C. Talk about decoration. D. Trade their unused stuff.
13. Why does the author mention “necklace” in paragraph 2
A. To call for respect towards the elderly.
B. To advocate holding onto the family tradition.
C. To show the financial condition of an average family.
D. To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills.
14. What does the author believe according to paragraph 4
A. It is a good idea to save money.
B. A good taste counts in purchase.
C. Unused items deserve a new owner.
D. The outdated should be thrown away.
15. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To call on people to get rid of hoarding.
B. To show his worry about wasting resources.
C. To draw attention to conserving the traditions.
D. To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things.
山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Inca Empire was the most powerful of the day, ruling western South America between 1400 and 1533. And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru. All that’s left today are ruins, but about 500 years ago, it was a bustling royal residence. Peek into the past to discover the secrets of this awesome spot.
ROYAL RELAXATION
The royal family lived mostly in the mountainous capital city, Cusco. But during the winter, they could move down to the warmer Machu Picchu. Emperor Pachacuti Inc a Yupanqui likely ordered construction of it around 1450. There, the royals could feast and entertain guests. The other 750 residents served the rulers and maintained the city.
PERFECT FIT
Earthquakes are common in Peru, so Inca builders designed Machu Picchu to resist these shakes. They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce around and then settle back into place.
CODED LANGUAGE
The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records. Experts think the style of the knot and the color of the string contained information. Researchers are now using computers to try to untangle these long-lost codes.
1. Why did the Inca Empire build Machu Picchu
A. For pleasure of more residents. B. For the recreation of the leaders.
C. For relocating the capital city. D. For appealing to more vacationers.
2. What did Inca builders do to resist the shakes
A. They made the stones fit together. B. They used cement to bind them.
C. They made the stones bounce around. D. They settled the stones back into place.
3. How did the Inca share important information
A. By telling others face to face. B. By writing it down on large stones.
C. By using their own unique language. D. By coloring some materials picked.
B
When Soares was a young boy growing up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, his family didn’t have the means to pay for extracurricular activities. However, they found a solution by signing him up for a free circus school that aimed to keep him off the streets and out of trouble. It was there that Soares discovered his passion for performance art, including acrobatics, capoeira, acting, and clowning. Ballet never crossed his mind as a practical career option, as ballet wasn’t a noticeable dance form in Brazil at the time.
At the age of 12, Soares began dancing but not in the traditional sense. His older brother was part of a hip-hop street dance group, and Soares started hanging out with them. He soon combined his circus school skills with hip-hop and capoeira to create a unique style that fascinated audiences in Rio.
One day, the head of a Brazilian dance company saw Soares perform and arranged for him to selection for a dance school. He was awarded a scholarship that covered his tuition fees, and he began studying modern dance. However, it wasn’t long before everyone believed that Soares should switch to ballet. He was immediately put on a fast track, attending academic school in the mornings and ballet classes in the evenings.
Soares’ parents were hesitant about their son pursuing ballet as a career. They were worried about his grades and whether ballet would provide him with a stable future. Soares shared their concerns and had never known anyone who pursued ballet professionally.
Despite these reservations, something incredible happened within two years of Soares starting ballet training. He participated in the Paris International Dance Competition and won a silver medal. This achievement was even more impressive considering that most of his competitors had been studying ballet since childhood. After Paris, Soares joined the national ballet company in Brazil and began earning money from his dancing.
Three years later, he went on to win the gold medal at the Moscow International Competition, previously won by legendary ballet dancers like Mikhail Baryshnikov.
4. Why was Soares sent to a circus school
A. To seek a chance to make a name. B. To stop him getting into trouble.
C. To earn money to pay for tuition fees. D. To develop an interest in performance art.
5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A. Modern dance became his favorite. B. Winning a scholarship was his main aim.
C. He quickly displayed his talent for ballet. D. His academic classes had to give way to ballet classes.
6. What is the original attitude of Soares’ parents to his pursuing ballet
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
7. What’s the best title for the text
A. An Unconventional Journey to a Ballet Star
B. The Financial Struggles of a Young Dancer
C. Modern Dance: A Gateway to Ballet Excellece
D. The Dilemma: Balancing School and Ballet for Success
C
A model of personalised dementia (痴呆症) support could improve life for people with dementia and their carers by allowing them to make the best choices for their own care needs.
In Britain, there is a concerning gap in dementia support, notes Dr Tomasina, Dementia Care Programme Lead at the University of Plymouth. “They have received a diagnosis but are not yet in need of a care home or input from specialists. Worryingly, these individuals and their carers, who are usually family members, are often left without suitable support to face a range of severe challenges,” she says.
Challenges can include social lonliness, despair and frailty (脆弱) due to combined physical and cognitive decline. However, a five-year research project including the Universities of Plymouth and Manchester-established in 2018 and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research—aims to remedy this disregard by evaluating a system for dementia support they have developed.
Dementia Personalised Care Team(D-PACT) proposes improving the lives of people living with dementia and their carers with personalised emotional and practical support from an appropriately trained Dementia Support Worker. “The Support Worker becomes a trusted point of contact who can spot potential problems before they get into crises,” says Professor Richard Byng, Professor in Primary Care Research at the University of Plymouth. “It’s a model that helps the individual and their carers function and stay together.”
The study, which was conducted in a range of settings, shows potential value and has been well-received by those who took part. “People have described a step change in their support,” says Professor Byng. “They say they feel listened to and treated as a person, getting reassurance and relief—particularly carers—that they are doing things right and someone is alongside them.”
8. What’s the purpose of the personalised support
A. To cure people with severe dementia.
B. To bridge the gap between patients and doctors.
C. To help people with dementia choose the best carers.
D To better the life of people with dementia and their carers.
9. What does the underlined word “remedy” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Build up. B. Make up for. C. Take over. D. Take care of.
10. What can a trained Dementia Support Worker do
A. Deal with potential problems.
B. Propose to D-PACT a better support.
C. Help people with dementia recover quickly.
D. Provide emotional support for patients with dementia.
11. What can we learn about the personalised support
A. It can relieve people’s stress. B. It functions like a person.
C. It can help people listen better. D. It is especially helpful to carers.
D
When it comes to keeping off extra pounds, watching what we eat may not be enough—we have to keep an eye on our food’s packaging, too. Half the world is expected to be overweight by 2035. In addition to overeating and lack of exercise, the scientific community is exploring another factor that may contribute—eating products packaged in plastic.
For a study published last year, researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology set out to determine what chemical compounds (化合物) exist in 34 common plastic items that touch things we eat, such as yogurt cups, juice bottles, candy packages, and plastic wrap used for produce and cheese, as well as items often found in kitchen.
Of the 55,000 chemicals the researchers found in these items, only 629 were identifiable, which influence our bodies’ ability to regulate weight, troubling health effects. “We’re quite certain that there are many chemicals in plastic products that impact metabolism (新陈代谢), but we just couldn’t identify all of them,” Martin Wagner, a study co-author said. Strikingly, Wagner and his colleagues found that a third of all the common products they tested contain chemicals that cause the adipogenic (生脂的) process. Although we are exposed to them daily, most of these mystery chemicals are unknown, unstudied and unregulated.
For years, experts have been warning against plastic food containers, particularly for hot or oily foods which may make the plastics unstable and increase the risk of chemical leaching (渗出). As one of them, Wagner argues that we need to start reducing our exposure to plastic without waiting for more slow-moving research to prove that the plastics in our food, products, blood and organs are risk factors for bad health outcomes.
Really, reducing our plastic exposure should be our overall goal. When we think about cutting junk out of our diets, the criminals shouldn’t just be candy and soda—plastic needs to go, too.
12. What newly-found factor may cause overweight
A. Eating too much. B. Lack of exercise.
C. Unhealthy eating habits. D. Food’s plastic packaging.
13. What is the finding of the study published last year
A. Most products tested contain adipogenic chemicals.
B. Metabolism is affected by chemicals in plastic products.
C. The influence of plastic products on our health is unknown.
D. Only 629 chemicals in plastic products regulate people ‘s weight.
14. What does Wagner suggest we do
A. Stop eating foods packaged in plastic.
B. Avoid using plastic products for hot or oily foods.
C. Reduce our exposure to plastic as much as possible.
D. Wait for more research to prove the risks of plastics.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. Keeping off extra pounds is urgent.
B. It’s high time to stop using plastic packaging.
C. Chemicals in plastic packaging may lead to overweight.
D. Plastic food packaging proves to contain harmful chemicals.
山东省济南市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, national parks are crowded with visitors. Here are the top four named by The National Park Service.
Glacier National Park
In 1910, Glacier was established as the country’s 10th national park. Take advantage of the park’s expansive hiking trails（路线）, and be sure to hit traveler favorites like the Trail of the Cedars and Iceberg Lake Trail. What’s more, Glacier National Park hosts plenty of free activities like guided hikes and appealing events ideal for visitors of all ages.
Grand Canyon National Park
First protected in 1893 as a forest reserve, the Grand Canyon became an official US national park in 1919. The park offers endless hiking opportunities with trails of various lengths, as well as the chance to raft（漂流）the Colorado River. And if you’re looking for a different point, consider a helicopter tour to learn more about the park and see it in all its glory from above.
Yellowstone National Park
The world famous site became the first national park in the U. S. on March 1,1872, when President Grant signed the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act into law. Here, hikers can get lost in the beauty of the lakes, mountains, valleys and, of course, its unmatched hot springs. To avoid the crowds that often trouble Yellowstone, plan to visit in April, May, September or October.
Yosemite National Park
First protected in 1864, Yosemite National Park stands out for its impressive waterfalls. The best time to see waterfalls is during spring, when most of the snowmelt occurs. There are also plenty of scenic hiking and camping opportunities. Just keep in mind that campsites sell out quickly after becoming available for booking, so make your reservations in advance.
1. Which park may attract people interested in water activities
A. Glacier National Park. B. Yosemite National Park.
C. Yellowstone National Park. D. Grand Canyon National Park.
2 What does Yellowstone National Park feature
A. Free activities. B. Popular hotels.
C. Hot springs. D. Air tours.
3. What do the four national parks have in common
A. They provide hiking trails. B. They suit tourists of all ages.
C. They host camping activities. D. They date from the 19th century.
B
For over twenty years, a group of ladies living at a senior living community in Dallas have made thousands of hand-knit(编织) hats and toys, bringing warmth and support to children both in Texas and overseas. And they call themselves the Knit Wits.
Every Friday they gather around a long table with wool and needles to lend a hand. Their latest project is a cooperation with Children’s Health in Dallas to create homemade caps for babies facing heart problems.
Stover, a member of the Knit Wits got the idea while talking with her daughter, a doctor at the hospital. For the past year, the group has sent dozens of caps for the babies. “The caps are themed around the holidays,” Stover says, “with designs representing Autumn, New Year and Spring. The little caps have become a colorful symbol of hope and joy for the center’s youngest patients and their families.”
The mini hats can help develop the bonding between babies and caregivers, preserving the smell of the adult next to take baby’s skin. Caregivers are able to wear the hat on their body to carry their smell before placing the hat back on the baby, easing the babies’ stress. Throughout the babies’ hospital admission, many holidays have been celebrated, but often the babies are too critical to be dressed up for photos. Thanks to the generosity of the Knit Wits, the baby hat provides the perfect festive touch.
Marianne is 102 years old and still knitting. “Being creative, being busy and having something good to think about make my life colorful.” she said. The Knit Wits also sent knit dolls to children from African countries. They’ve proven that a simple act of kindness can make such a difference in the lives of those facing challenging circumstances.
4. What can we learn about the Knit Wits ladies
A. They attend the children. B. They profit from handiwork.
C. They gift kids with little caps. D. They suffer from heart problems.
5. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The process of treatments.
B. The celebration of holidays.
C. The role of mini hats to babies.
D. The bonding of babies and caregivers.
6. Which of the following best describes the Knit Wits ladies
A. Patient. B. Caring. C. Humorous. D. Wise.
7 What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Knit Wits warms the kids B. Handmade caps hit the world
C. The kind act matters in hospital D. Holidays bring families closer
C
The Australian sand octopus (章鱼) was discovered in 1990 and is the only octopus species known to bury itself deep in the sand to hide from enemies. A team of researchers are studying the venom (毒液) of this kind of octopus. They have discovered that the venom may greatly slow cancer growth. And it can also help fight drug resistance in patients with a BRAF-changed skin cancer. BRAF is involved in managing cell growth. A change in it results in abnormal cell growth. These BRAF changes are seen in half of all cases of skin cancers.
“We and other groups have previously discovered that other animals-snakes, spiders, bees-have anticancer properties,” said Dr. Maria, the study’s lead author. “However, in my current knowledge, the anticancer properties of an octopus species have never been studied or confirmed before.”
Current treatments face a few challenges including low response rates, poisoning and side effects, as well as drug resistance. The octopus venom slows the growth of BRAF-changed skin cancer. More importantly, it is safe to be used in large quantities — it is not poisonous. Therefore, in combination with other drugs, the treatments could potentially achieve better and safer patient outcomes.
It is very unlikely that the octopus has specifically developed its venom to contain an anticancer substance. According to the researching team, the octopus venom contains over 1,000 unique substances with several functions such as reducing pain and anticancer.
“In this study, we have shown that the octopus venom specifically targets BRAF-changed skin cancer. The next step is to examine whether similar promising results are applicable for other BRAF-changed cancers.” said Dr. Maria. “Before it can be used on patients, the team will need to perform several rounds of lab testing and clinical trials to understand how it works and its full potential as a drug against skin cancer.”
8. What can we know about BRAF
A. It is a change in cells. B. It controls cell growth.
C. It can cause a deadly illness. D. It helps to cure a skin cancer.
9. What discovery did the team make
A. A medicine to cure cancers. B. A substance contained in animals.
C. The medical value of octopus species. D. The anticancer effect of an octopus venom.
10. What is an advantage of the octopus venom to treat the skin cancer
A. It is of large quantity. B. It has no side effects.
C. It is less expensive. D. It has lower risks.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph concerning the octopus venom
A. Its application requires further work.
B. It helps treat BRAF-changed cancers.
C. Its safety needs more clinical testings.
D. It has already been put into wide use.
D
Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets. But it turns out that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a study to examine how jobs below a person’s skill level affect future employability. He tailored 2420 applications and submitted them to 1,210 job listings posted in five major cities across the U.S. He varied the applications by gender, and also by employment status for the previous year. Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the results. The results show that applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level, regardless of gender had the lowest chances of getting called for a job interview.
These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level. While it might pay the bills in the short term, it can significantly hammer one’s ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date.
Why might this be the case Pedulla conducted a follow-up study with 903 employers. He asked them about their ideas of applicants with each kind of employment history, and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview. The results show that employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations. Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others, but did not believe them to be less committed.
The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to employers men’s incompetence and a lack of commitment. This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias (偏见) does in fact cut both ways.
12. Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level
A. They fear bearing duties. B. They lack-self-confidence.
C. They face a tough economy. D. They pursue better-paying jobs.
13. How do the researchers carry out the first study
A. By conducting interviews. B. By researching examples.
C. By making comparisons. D. By doing surveys.
14. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hammer” in Paragraph 3
A. Ensure. B. Weaken. C. Test. D. Exercise.
15. What is the employers’ idea according to the follow-up study
A. Men are more likely to get promoted.
B. Women are more devoted and capable.
C. Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Thousands of books are published daily, and book advertisements play a crucial role in increasing awareness about those books. But it’s too easy to be tricked into bad “advertising opportunities” and make the wrong decisions. Here are several forms of digital advertising proven to work well.
Facebook advertising: Facebook provides the perfect advertising platform for authors because it allows targeting very specific categories of people. The other advantage is that it’s easy to test. You can start with a budget as low as $5 and gradually increase your monetary (货币的) commitment if your return on investment is positive.
Amazon advertising: Amazon allows you to show ads about your book directly on other book pages and search result pages. Since their main US rollout in 2017, they’ve become the most effective advertising place for authors.
Bookbub advertising: Bookbub rolled out a self-serve ad platform in 2016, which they’ve greatly improved since. It’s a less competitive playing field than Facebook or Amazon, but it does have its features.
Discount/promotion advertising: If you’re running a discount or free promotion on one of your books, you can apply to have it advertised in the newsletters of platforms such as Freebooksy, Bargainbooksy, etc.
Other types of advertising include search advertising, Goodreads advertising, banner ads on websites, etc. These haven’t produced the same effective results for most authors yet, but they could be just as effective (or more) if you write in a certain field.
1. What is special about the Facebook advertising
A. It is easy for authors to access.
B. It aims at saving money for readers.
C. It allows adjusting investment by profit.
D. It includes different categories of information.
2. Which is suitable to promote your book with a discount
A. Facebook. B. Amazon. C. Bookbub. D. Freebooksy.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To get readers to buy more books.
B. To raise people’s reading awareness.
C. To offer authors advertising platforms.
D. To help publishers communicate with readers.
B
Working at an investment bank in New York City in the mid-2010s. Anna Sacks was living the life—just not the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important and was fulfilling on a deeper level.
Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut for three months to participate in Adamah, a Jewish farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. The Adamah program opened Sacks’s eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. From then on, she began what she calls “trash (垃圾) walking.”
While walking around her neighborhood Sacks, 31, picked through rubbish to look for reusable items. Soon, her trash walks expanded to include company rubbish along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff—like clothing, dinnerware, and food—all of which she documents on Instagram and TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her educational, funny, and surprising videos that highlight the problems with consumerism and share information about how to live a more sustainable life. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says. Sacks’s videos have gone viral many times, causing shockwaves through the industries she calls out.
Trash walking has given Sacks a nearly endless supply and she shares much of her “treasure” with others. She tries giving them informally to family, friends, or individuals she knows may need a specific item. Then she takes the remaining items to free stores so other New Yorkers can benefit from her treasure-hunting.
Sacks’s main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve,” she says.
4 What inspired Sacks to begin her “trash walking”
A. Her desire to live a richer life. B. The great need for household stuff.
C. Her involvement in a project. D. The wish to be an Internet star.
5. What do Sacks’ videos focus on
A. Funny stories. B. Views on consumption.
C. Educational courses. D. Solutions to problems.
6. How does Sacks deal with her trash
A. She donates all to the charity. B. She keeps most for her family.
C. She gives away much to others. D. She sells some to individuals.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Trash Walker: Find Treasure in Trash.
B. Trash Walking: A Tough Journey.
C. Trash Walker: Live in the Moment.
D. Trash Walking: A New Career.
C
When you eagerly dig into a long-anticipated dinner, signals from your stomach to your brain keep you from eating so much that you’ll regret it—or so it’s been thought. That theory had never really been directly tested until a team of scientists at University of California, San Francisco recently took up the question.
The team, led by Zachary Knight, a professor of UCSF physiology discovered that our tastebuds (味蕾) are the first line of defense against eating too fast. The study, published in the journal Nature, provides scientists with a novel perspective on how we control our appetite and could make clear the efficacy of weight-loss drugs like Ozempic.
Truong Ly, PhD, a graduate student in Knight’s lab, developed new techniques allowing for the imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full in an awake, active mouse. The team found that when they put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH which influences appetite were activated by nutrient signals sent from the stomach, in line with traditional thinking and the results of prior studies. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the stomach didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth.
“It was a total surprise that these cells were provoked by sense of taste,” said Ly. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that we should be thinking about.” The research indicates that when we’re hungry, our brain uses taste in two different ways at the same time—one telling us to eat more because it tastes good, and another part is watching how fast you’re eating and saying, “Slow down or you’re going to be sick.”
The research indicates that our brain integrates taste, rather than only relying on stomach signaling, to control eating behavior. The team plans to investigate how taste signals interact with feedback from the stomach to suppress (抑制) our appetite during a meal.
8. What does the study conducted by UCSF find
A. Ozempic is effective in weight loss. B. Stomachs have effects on our appetite.
C. Sense of taste can affect the speed of eating. D. The expectation for dinner influences food intake.
9. What can we learn about PRLH brain cells in paragraph 3
A. They are crucial to providing nutrients.
B. Their activities can also be ruled by taste signals.
C. Their functions are determined by regular meals.
D. They can be improved by signals from stomach and taste.
10. What does the underlined word “provoke” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Stimulate. B. Damage. C. Manage. D. Restrict.
11. What will the following research be about
A. Stomach feedback for appetite. B. Interaction of taste and stomach.
C. The functions of taste signals. D. Development of weight-loss drugs.
D
All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键).
At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords.
The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modem MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key.
“If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”.
While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds.
“A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type loader and harder, or my keyboards full of eat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley.
12. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Why protective steps are needed.
B. Why a set of training data is vital.
C. How you document secret information.
D. How hackers gain data from targeted computers.
13. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. The keyboard. B. The model. C. The waveform. D. The computer.
14. What do Buckley’s words imply in the last paragraph
A. AI understands exactly what you’re typing.
B. Purchasing expensive computer is necessary.
C. Cats play an important role in privacy protection.
D. Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. A scary danger is on the way.
B. A new form of hacking troubles us.
C. AI can transform the digital world in a big way.
D. AI can discover passwords by listening to you type.
山东省滨州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Instead of tearing down and building anew, architects have repurposed some older structures, leading to stunning beauty.
● Craft False Creek, VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Among the growing scenes of skyscrapers in Vancouver, this building stands out for both its history and architecture. In the 1930s, the Vancouver Salt Company’s processing plant was housed here. Today, the building is home to Craft Beer Market, which has kept many of the architectural elements of the original structure in place.
● El Ateneo Grand Splendid, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
This beautiful bookshop has the distinction of starting its life as a theater. Teatro Gran Splendid opened its door in May 1919 and hosted a long list of performances before being turned into a cinema. The location was purchased and rebuilt as a bookstore in the early 2000s.
● Liberty Hotel, BOSTON
Located just steps from the Boston Common, the Liberty Hotel now lies at the former Charles Street Jail. Its 298 rooms and suites were inspired by the location, which last housed prisoners in 1990. The building’s fresh purpose was designed in cooperation with teams of preservationists and historians to ensure its past life was never forgotten.
● Dominicanen, MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS
Situated within a church that dates back to 1294, the former Dominicanen has a long history. It served as a Catholic church for hundreds of years before being changed to storage space for Napoleon Bonaparte’s army. In 2006 it was converted into a bookstore, maintaining much of its traditional artwork and architecture.
1. What did Craft False Creek use to be
A. A factory. B. A market. C. A museum. D. A theatre.
2 What do we know about Liberty Hotel
A. It was redesigned by historians alone.
B. It was repurposed as a reminder of its past.
C. It has hosted a long list of performances.
D. It lies far away from the Boston Common.
3. What do El Ateneo Grand Splendid and Dominicanen have in common
A. Both were transformed from cinemas.
B. Both served as storage space for army.
C Both used to undertake religious functions.
D. Both took shape as bookstores in the 2000s.
B
“Tick, tick, pzzzz…” the song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012, Joel Sartore, National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark founder, received a call from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The songbird, an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grasslands, was struggling on extinction. With only a few dozen males in sight, it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Funded by the National Geographic Society, Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ situation. The story went viral on social media, helping boost government funding for a protecting program. Thanks to these steps, there are now as many as 180 adult birds in the wild, and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
This journey reveals the Society’s mission to illuminate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years, it has developed a unique explorer-led model, combining science, exploration, education and storytelling to drive impact. The society also supports explorers in more than 140 countries, including Sartore and others whose work relates to this issue: biologist André Green II, photographer Jasper Doest and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore is now 17 years into his efforts to create an “Ark” of animal photos. Portraits of more than 15,000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the Society’s support, the images have appeared on the landmarks and postage stamps in the U. S., contributing to on-the-ground conservation efforts.
As Sartore says, “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a health y planet. When we save a bird or another species, we’re actually saving ourselves.”
4. What do we know about the Florida grasshopper sparrow
A. It died out entirely in 2012. B. It has lost its singing voice.
C It is crucial to the ecology. D. Only a few females were left.
5. Which of the following best describes Sartore’s journey to Florida
A. Adventurous. B. Dangerous. C. Eventful. D. Fruitful.
6. What can be inferred about the protection of the sparrow
A. It is a costly but unproductive project. B. It centered on creating a unique model.
C. It aims to control the species’ population. D. It involves multi-field’s strength and efforts.
7. What kind of person is Sartore according to the text
A. Demanding and generous. B. Responsible and devoted.
C. Talented and considerate. D. Determined and sensitive.
C
When a snowstorm blanketed my city one December morning, I awoke, immediately put on my warmest clothes and dashed outside to build a snowman. But as I was halfway to a snow angel, I had an audience—a serious-looking couple. The moment I spotted their expressions, my face flushed with shame as I murmured an answer to their unspoken question: Don’t you have anything better to do
A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undeniably odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. New research suggests we modern adults have controlled or hidden our nature of play, and that’s causing all kinds of problems “The adult play deficit is becoming a public health crisis,” says psychiatrist and play researcher Stuart Brown, “The opposite of play isn’t work; it’s depression.”
Actually, adult play can lead to useful discoveries, which is a theory supported by a study on Bali’s long-tailed monkeys. Researchers left two types of puzzle boxes for the monkeys to solve. To get the food inside, they had to either drop a rock into the container or use it to hit the box. They found the monkeys that previously had been observed dropping rocks for fun were more likely to solve the rock-dropping puzzle, while those who had discovered the joy of clacking rocks together came up with the answer to the percussive (敲击的) puzzle.
This finding also suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful primitive human came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks and scientific breakthroughs. “When I interviewed Nobel winners, I was struck by how most of them didn’t separate work from play. Their labs were their playgrounds.” Brown says, “Play gives us the ability to cooperate and get along with people who differ from us.”
So next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say, “I am not wasting time, or acting immaturely. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity.”
8. What can we learn about the couple from Paragraph 1
A. They may disapprove of the author’s behavior.
B. They showed great interest in the author’s act.
C. They are more mature and sensible people.
D. They had something better to deal with.
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “deficit” in Paragraph 2
A. Pressure. B. Addiction. C. Shortage. D. Disadvantage.
10. Why is the interview of Nobel winners mentioned
A. To suggest how people should play. B. To highlight the value of adult play.
C. To evaluate the findings of the study. D. To introduce the study participants.
11. What message does the author intend to convey
A. Work comes before play. B. Work without play is rewarded.
C. When the cat’s away, the mice will play. D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
D
Over the last decade, some European countries and the U. S. have replaced high-energy sodium streetlights with energy-saving LED lights which emit blue light. Although this is in response to the critical need to use less energy and reduce carbon emission, there are growing concerns that blue light may have a negative impact on human health that we don’t yet fully understand.
Earlier this year, the World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illnesses. It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep, use of digital healthcare apps and devices, and the higher sensitivity to blue light.
“I had already clearly seen that additional blue light exposure was extremely helpful to patients with depression. What I was slower to realize was that too much and poorly-timed exposure could have harmful effects on mental states and the sleep-wake cycle.” said John Gottlieb, Professor of Psychiatry and author of the paper.
As we all know, melatonin (褪黑素) is fundamental in setting regular biological clock. According to the paper, however, blue light prevents melatonin secretion (分泌), which disturbs sleep and affects quality of life, physical and mental health. Besides, it also shows a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage. If a person is prescribed a self-monitoring app, and instructed to use their smartphone to document mood changes, for example, and they do this before bed, it could do harm to their sleep and health.
Consequently, the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 30 minutes before bed and removing technology from the bedroom. However, there are no specific guidelines for people with a potential mental illness. Now, scientists, health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimize the blue light in LED bulbs and create personalized lights that won’t harm those suffering from mental disorders.
12. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1
A. To present the topic of blue light. B. To give an example of streetlights.
C. To criticize the use of blue light. D. To compare two kinds of lights.
13. Which statement is true according to Gottlieb’s paper
A. People should keep away from digital devices.
B. Mental diseases are possibly caused by LED lights.
C. Blue light has practical applications in medical field.
D. Gottlieb initially realized the harmful effects of blue light.
14. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. Melatonin is vital to regular sleep.
B. How blue light affects human health.
C. Why smartphones shouldn’t be used before sleep.
D. Sleep disorders are related to digital device usage.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Is blue light making us ill B. Can we get rid of blue light
C. Why does blue light hurt our health D. How do we benefit from LED lights
参考答案
山东省德州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末统考英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些吸引人的乘船游览旅行。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Tour Australia with Princess Cruises部分中“Leaving on Dec. 17, the Princess will take passengers to the Whitsunday Archipelago and the Great Barrier Reef. And on the ship, little ones can enjoy a wide range of onboard activities, from dance classes to volleyball classes. (12月17日，公主号将带乘客前往圣灵群岛和大堡礁。在船上，孩子们可以享受各种各样的船上活动，从舞蹈课到排球课)”可知，孩子们能在公主号学习舞蹈技巧。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Discover Patagonia with Seabourn部分中“The amazing journey to Antarctica and Patagonia aboard the Seabourn Quest departs on Nov, 29, and includes a jam-packed agenda. Animal lovers can admire penguins, seals and other fascinating wildlife up close via daily Zodiac boat trips. (乘坐Seabourn Quest号前往南极洲和巴塔哥尼亚的奇妙之旅将于11月29日启航，行程安排得满满当当。动物爱好者可以每天乘船近距离欣赏企鹅、海豹和其他迷人的野生动物)”可知，Seabourn提供近距离的野生动物邂逅。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Cruise to the Caribbean with Disney部分中“Disney Cruise Line’s four ships offer plenty of bells and whistles for kids. Besides, there are plenty of family-friendly stateroom category options that cater to budget-conscious families. (迪士尼邮轮公司的四艘游轮为孩子们提供了大量的铃铛和口哨。此外，还有许多适合家庭的客舱选择，以迎合预算紧张的家庭)”可知，游轮Disney最适合想要省钱的家庭。故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥地利生物学家约翰内斯·弗里茨为了防止他心爱的稀有鸟类灭绝，决定教它们一条新的迁徙路线。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Determined to save them, he decided to teach the birds a new, safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.(为了拯救它们，他决定用一架小型飞机亲自引导它们，教它们一条新的、更安全的迁徙路线。他有信心在这个大胆的、非传统的计划中取得成功)”可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨的计划是带领秃鹰沿着一条新的路线迁徙。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild(导致鸟类完全从野外消失)”可知，欧洲人不停地猎杀这些鸟，并在野外毁灭了最后一只，故划线词与Destroyed“毁灭，破坏”意义相近。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer, they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September.(但他最初教给秃鹰的路线并不成功。随着气候变化使鸟类避暑的地区变暖，它们现在在10月底而不是9月底开始迁徙)”可推知，弗里茨先生最初寻找的路线是无效的，因为夏季栖息地的温度更高。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Determined to save them, he decided to teach the birds a new, safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.(为了拯救它们，他决定用一架小型飞机亲自引导它们，教它们一条新的、更安全的迁徙路线。他有信心在这个大胆的、非传统的计划中取得成功)”可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨教授秃鹰新的迁徙路线。由此推知，他是有创新想法的。故选B项。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了21天能否养成习惯。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“However, that 21-day estimate isn’t true. A habit expert Wendy Wood found that this falsehood came from a self-help book in the 1960s and actually described how long it takes to get used to your new appearance after plastic surgery. It’s important to note that getting used to something is not the same thing as forming a habit, and perhaps the two concepts got confused along the way, giving rise to the term today. (然而，21天的估计是不正确的。习惯专家Wendy Wood发现，这个谎言来自于20世纪60年代的一本自助书籍，它实际上描述了整形手术后需要多长时间才能习惯你的新外表。需要注意的是，习惯和养成习惯是不一样的，也许这两个概念在发展过程中被混淆了，从而产生了今天的术语)”可推知，Wendy Wood认为“21天”实际上是一个人习惯某事的时间。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段中“They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt. (他们招募了96个人，要求每个人选择一种新习惯，并每天报告他们是否养成了这种习惯，以及这种习惯感觉有多自动)”可推知，研究人员通过跟踪人们的行为进行研究。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第五段“The study found that it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic — 66 days to be exact. And if you want to set your expectations appropriately, the truth is that it will probably take you anywhere from two months to eight months to build a new behavior into your life. Interestingly, the researchers also found that “missing one opportunity to perform the behavior did not affect the habit formation process.” That is to say, it doesn’t matter if you mess up every now and then. Building better habits is not an all-or-nothing process. (研究发现，一种新的行为需要2个多月的时间才能自然而然地形成，确切地说是66天。如果你想适当地设定你的期望，事实是，在你的生活中建立一种新的行为可能需要你两个月到八个月的时间。有趣的是，研究人员还发现，“错过一次表现这种行为的机会并不影响习惯的形成过程。”也就是说，你偶尔搞砸也没关系。养成更好的习惯并不是一个全有或全无的过程)”可推知，一个习惯所花费的时间各不相同。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“As you’re drafting your New Year’s resolutions, you may think that it takes 21 days of repeating an action for that action to become a habit. So, you set out to go to the gym for 21 days, thinking that by day 22 heading to the gym will feel automatic — maybe even fun. (当你在起草新年计划时，你可能会认为重复一个动作需要21天才能成为一种习惯。所以，你打算去健身房21天，以为到第22天去健身房就会自然而然——甚至可能会很有趣)”、第二段中“However, that 21-day estimate isn’t true. (然而，21天的估计是不正确的)”、第三段“To figure out how long it actually takes to form a habit, Phillippa Lally, and her team did a series of research. (为了弄清楚形成一种习惯到底需要多长时间，菲利帕·拉利和她的团队做了一系列研究)”可知，文章主要介绍了21天能否养成习惯。由此可知，21days to form a habit (21天养成一个习惯？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们应该根据自己的实际需求和价值观来对待物品，而不是过度囤积物品，以及应该根据个人喜好和需求来选择物品。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.(我们在房子周围看到的所有东西上的小标签都显示了重要的细节：购买日期和当前的售价。我们在车库旧货拍卖会上。没有谈话，也没有讨价还价。买家可以按挂牌价格提货。)”可知，人们在车库大甩卖时经常交易他们不用的东西。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.(我的观点是，人们喜欢随大流，最终产生他们应该感受到的情绪，而不是真实的自己。说自己不喜欢祖母的项链被认为是无礼的，所以你会把它放在储物柜里，传给下一代。)”可知，作者在第2段提到“项链”是为了证明人们往往会违背自己的意愿跟风。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets.(我的观点是，只要你喜欢，就可以使用。戴上那些首饰；使用那些家具;把那些成堆的旧床单带回家。)”和“Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.(把这些属性翻转过来，而不是让它们闲置。)”可知，根据第4段，作者认为不用的东西应该有个新主人。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!(所有其他的东西都需要为它们的价值和有用性赢得一席之地。庆祝从囤积中解放出来，让光明出现吧！)”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们摆脱囤积。故选A。
山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了马丘比丘建造的原因以及三方面的特点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“And the Inca leaders sometimes needed vacations! That’s why the Inca built Machu Picchu in what’s now Peru.(而且印加领导人有时也需要休假！这就是印加人在现在的秘鲁建造马丘比丘的原因)”可知，印加帝国建造马丘比丘是为了领导们的娱乐。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They cut the stones to fit together, and they didn’t use any material, like cement, to bind them. This way, when the ground shook, the stones could bounce around and then settle back into place.(他们把石头切割成一块块的，没有使用任何材料，比如水泥，来粘合它们。这样，当地面震动时，石头可以四处弹跳，然后回到原来的位置)”可知，印加建造者把石头拼在一起抵御地震。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Inca didn’t have a written language and instead used knotted cords called quipu (KEE-poo) to send messages and keep records.(印加人没有书面语言，而是使用一种名为quipu (KEE-poo)的绳结来传递信息和保存记录。专家认为打结的样式和绳子的颜色包含了信息)”可知，印加人通过使用自己独特的语言来分享重要信息。故选C。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Soares小时候父母为了不让他惹麻烦，把他送到马戏团学校，结果在那里Soares发现了自己的芭蕾舞天赋。经过两年的训练，Soares取得了不错的成绩，还在莫斯科国际比赛中获得金牌。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“However, they found a solution by signing him up for a free circus school that aimed to keep him off the streets and out of trouble.(然而，他们找到了一个解决办法，让他报名参加一个免费的马戏学校，目的是让他远离街头，远离麻烦)”可知，苏亚雷斯被送到马戏团学校是为了阻止他惹上麻烦。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“One day, the head of a Brazilian dance company saw Soares perform and arranged for him to selection for a dance school. He was awarded a scholarship that covered his tuition fees, and he began studying modern dance. However, it wasn’t long before everyone believed that Soares should switch to ballet.(一天，一家巴西舞蹈公司的负责人看了苏亚雷斯的表演，并安排他进入舞蹈学校。他获得了一笔奖学金来支付学费，并开始学习现代舞。然而，没过多久，每个人都认为苏亚雷斯应该转向芭蕾舞)”可推知，苏亚雷斯很快就展示了他的芭蕾舞天赋。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Soares’ parents were hesitant about their son pursuing ballet as a career. They were worried about his grades and whether ballet would provide him with a stable future. (苏亚雷斯的父母对儿子是否要以芭蕾为职业犹豫不决。他们担心他的成绩，担心芭蕾舞能否给他提供一个稳定的未来)”可推知，苏亚雷斯的父母最初对他追求芭蕾舞是怀疑态度。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Soares小时候父母为了不让他惹麻烦，把他送到马戏团学校，结果在那里Soares发现了自己的芭蕾舞天赋。经过两年的训练，Soares取得了不错的成绩，还在莫斯科国际比赛中获得金牌。可知，A选项“成为芭蕾舞明星的非常规之旅”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了个性化痴呆症支持模式可以让痴呆症患者及其护理人员根据自己的护理需求做出最佳选择，从而改善他们的生活。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A model of personalised dementia (痴呆症) support could improve life for people with dementia and their carers by allowing them to make the best choices for their own care needs.(个性化痴呆症支持模式可以让痴呆症患者及其护理人员根据自己的护理需求做出最佳选择，从而改善他们的生活。)”可知，个性化支持的目的是改善痴呆症患者及其护理人员的生活。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Worryingly, these individuals and their carers, who are usually family members, are often left without suitable support to face a range of severe challenges,” she says.(“令人担忧的是，这些人及其照顾者（通常是家庭成员）往往得不到适当的支持，无法面对一系列严峻的挑战，”她说)”可知，痴呆症患者及其照顾者往往得不到适当的支持，即被忽视，结合第三段中划线单词所在句子“However, a five-year research project including the Universities of Plymouth and Manchester-established in 2018 and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research—aims to remedy this disregard by evaluating a system for dementia support they have developed.(然而，普利茅斯大学和曼彻斯特大学于 2018 年成立并由国家健康与护理研究所资助的一项为期五年的研究项目旨在通过评估他们开发的痴呆症支持系统来 remedy这种忽视)”可知，普利茅斯大学和曼彻斯特大学成立并由国家健康与护理研究所资助的一项为期五年的研究项目，是为了解决这种忽视，即通过评估他们开发的痴呆症支持系统弥补政府对痴呆症患者及其家人的忽视，由此可知，划线单词意为“弥补”，与B项“Make up for.(弥补)”意思一样，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Dementia Personalised Care Team (D-PACT) proposes improving the lives of people living with dementia and their carers with personalised emotional and practical support from an appropriately trained Dementia Support Worker. (痴呆症个性化护理团队 (D-PACT) 建