陕西省部分地区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

陕西省部分地区
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Are you an organist (风琴演奏者)，a singer, chorister or instrumentalist of a very high standard If you’d like to combine specialist musical experience with a Cambridge degree, you should consider applying for one of our Music Awards.
Choral Awards
Choral Award-holders receive a small financial award each year and, in most Colleges, they also receive a subsidy (补助金)towards singing lessons. Other forms of support, such as subsidized meals and choir tours, are determined by the individual Colleges. Find out more.
Organ Scholarships
Organ Scholarships in Cambridge offer unparalleled opportunities to talented organists who wish to develop their skills significantly during the period of their academic studies. The awards vary from College to College but all include a small financial award and some support for music lessons. Find out more.
Instrumental Awards Scheme
The Instrumental Awards Scheme enables gifted musicians to reach a high standard of performance in chamber music. Successful students are Award-holders for a year, and receive a small financial award professional coaching of their ensemble, master classes, recital opportunities and a subsidy for instrumental lessons. Find out more.
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A website. B．A textbook. C．An exam paper. D．An academic article.
2．What is special about Organ Scholarships
A．It is intended for talented singers.
B．All colleges have the same awards.
C．It helps gifted organists improve their skills.
D．Award-holders receive a financial award each year.
3．What do three Music Awards have in common
A．They have meals and choir tours.
B．They include a small financial award.
C．They give free instrumental lessons.
D．They provide free academic guidance.
B
From McDonald’s to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget (预算). It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase (购买). For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food.
One day I realized that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! I decided to give myself a tight budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with $20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the whole week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it would be mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there would be no more fast food that week.
The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic, I would purchase a small one. It was still satisfying but not nearly as expensive. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. I never really felt unhappy because it was a wise choice to spend or save with each purchase.
The envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week.
Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but watched my weight. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but allowed to make positive choices to improve my life.
4．What do we know about the author according to Paragraph 1
A．She had no time to cook for herself.
B．She was fond of fast food very much.
C．She lived with a small amount of money.
D．She got some benefits from using her card.
5．Why did the author set her envelope budget
A．To buy fast food at a good price.
B．To save money to buy fast food.
C．To get rid of the habit of eating fast food.
D．To make fast food spending under control.
6．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．It is unusual to make some changes.
B．It is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle.
C．The budget means the pressures of life.
D．The envelope budget is good for health.
7．What is the passage mainly about
A．Why the author became addicted to fast food.
B．How fast food controlled the author’s behavior.
C．How the envelope budget changed the author’s life.
D．Why the author took the envelope budget seriously.
C
Every one of us may have been hurt by others—either by their words or actions. The best way to deal with the problem is to “forgive and forget”.
“It is well established that learning to forgive others can have positive benefits for one’s physical and mental health,” Saima Noreen, a scientist at the University of St. Andrews, UK, told the Huffington Post.
Recently, Noreen and her research team have found one more reason that you should stick to this principle—forgiving somebody who has hurt you makes it easier for you to forget the unhappy memory, according to their new study.
In the study, researchers asked volunteers to read descriptions of 40 different situations that contained bad actions such as stealing, lying and cheating. Imagining being the victims (受害者), volunteers then had to decide whether they would be able to forgive. Two weeks later, volunteers took part in a memory test. In the test, they were shown a series of words related to the situations they had read about and then were asked to recall certain ones.
The results showed that people were less likely to remember the details of the unpleasant experiences if they had found forgiveness in their hearts. In contrast, if they hadn’t forgiven the mistake, they could always remember what had happened.
However, forgiving someone who has hurt you is always easier said than done. So Noreen hopes that one day in the near future research will give rise to powerful therapeutic (有疗效的) tools that will enable people to “forgive and forget” more effectively.
8．According to the passage, Saima Noreen is ________.
A．a reporter of Huffington B．a scientist from UK
C．a student at a university D．a volunteer in the test
9．What have Noreen and her team found recently
A．Forgiving helps us to forget unhappy memories.
B．They have found no reason to hurt other people.
C．A memory test is necessary to help people forgive.
D．An unpleasant experience can be easily forgotten.
10．The right order of the following steps of the study should be ________.
a. Take a memory test. b. Imagine being a victim.
c. Decide whether to forgive or not. d. Read descriptions of 40 different situations.
A．d→b→a→c B．a→b→d→c C．a→d→b→c D．d→b→c→a
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．It’s impossible to forgive someone.
B．Noreen has finished her research report.
C．There may be some therapeutic tools in the future.
D．The therapeutic tools have been invented by the scientists.
D
In the digital age, we are becoming accustomed to technological innovations, and the fact that they can have a deep impact on our lives.
The number of the smartphone adult users has reached 85 percent in the UK population. Meanwhile streaming and 5G tech are changing the way we watch movies, TV shows and sports events. But Artificial Intelligence(AI) is probably the biggest game-changer of them all. The biggest impacts have nothing to do with robots or even digital assistants like Google Home. Here are two real-world applications of AI that are already changing our world for the better
One is better medical diagnose. If you had some illness, would you want to be diagnosed by a doctor or a machine You’d probably say the former, but in reality, the question is not that simple. Today, human expertise and AI work side by side to make faster, better diagnoses. Think of it this way—a doctor can spend an hour reading six or seven cases while AI can do six or seven thousand in seconds and then present the doctor with a range of possible medical conditions along with their related probabilities.
The other is reducing fraud( 欺 诈 ) . Fraud against big businesses seems nothing to do with us. In fact, it often ends up affecting us all, especially when insurance companies, for example, are forced to increase the premium( 保 费 ) to cover losses. AI is being used more and more in insurtech, both to speed up the claim( 索 赔 ) process and to mark possibly fraudulent claims more reliably. It does this by analysing big data trends. Faster processing and reduced fraud are good news for everyone, and that can save money for us.
12．What has affected the way of our lives most
A．Reading books. B．Digital assistants.
C．Smart robots. D．Artificial Intelligence.
13．What does the underlined word “expertise” mean in paragraph 3
A．Professional knowledge B．Interesting hobbies
C．Medical conditions D．Scientific research
14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．AI can benefit us a lot.
B．AI can help us earn money.
C．AI makes the claim process slow.
D．AI makes us increase the premium.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．How AI Is Reducing Fraud in Our Live.
B．How AI Is Touching All Our Lives for the Better.
C．What Advantages AI Is Bringing to Medical Diagnose.
D．In What Aspects AI Is Changing the Way of Entertainment.
陕西省西安市阎良区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
FOUR BEST BOOKSHOPS IN LONDON
Looking for something to read while in London If so, you’re in luck: the British capital happens to have an incredible collection of bookshops.
Daunt Books
Are you going on a trip and want to read a novel or nonfiction book set in the place you’re
headed This bookshop arranges books by country, so it’s easy to find anything by place. (83 Marylebone High Street. Monday-Saturday:09:00-19:30; Sunday: 11:00-18:00.)
Foyles Books
Dig, if you will, the picture: four miles of shelves holding up to 200,000 books. This legendary(传奇的) bookshop is impossible to leave empty-handed. It was once listed in the Guinness Book ofWorld Records as the biggest bookshop on the planet.(107 Charing Cross Road. Monday-Saturday: 9:00-21:00; Sunday: 11:30-18:00.)
Hatchards
In the year 1797, this London bookshop.—the oldest in the city today—first flicked on its lights.It stocks an excellent selection of fiction, nonficuon, history and other kinds.(187 Piccadilly Street. Monday-Saturday: 09:30-20:00; Sunday: 12:00-18:30.)
London Review Bookshop
There’s an excellent selection of history, philosophy, politics, new fiction and many other kinds here. Plus, there’s a nice cafe in which you can crack open that tome(巨著) for the first time and start reading.(14 Bury Place. Monday-Saturday 10:00-18:30; Sunday 12:00-18:00.)
1. Which bookstore was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records
A. Daunt Books. B. Foyles Books.
C. Hatchards. D. London Review Bookshop.
2. What is special about Hatchards
A. It has a long history. B. It is open six days a week.
CIt is located in London. D. It has many nonfiction books.
3. Which place should you go to if you want to enjoy reading with a coffee
A. 83 Marylebone High Street. B. 107 Charing Cross Road.
C. 187 Piccadilly Street. D. 14 Bury Place.
B
At thirteen, I was diagnosed (诊断) with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I couldn’t.
In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.” I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person Louis Braile. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Inslead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of. knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words, “See what you can do when you keep trying ”
4. What problem did the author meet when he was in class
A. He didn’t like the teacher. B. He was not fond of literature.
C. The classroom was too noisy. D. He couldn’t focus his attention in class.
5. What can we learn about Louis Braile from the passage
A. He managed to cure his blundness.
B. He got a good education at schold.
C. He made an invention which helped the blind.
D. He couldn’t see and read for the whole life.
6. What’s Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author in the classroom
A. She encouraged him. B. She looked down on him.
C. She sympathized (同情) him. D. She was angry with him.
7. What does the author intend to tell us from the passage
A. Practice makes perfect B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Don’t judge a book by its cover. D. It’s never too old to learn.
C
During their childhood and teenage years, some young people may feel too shy or uncomfortable to interact (互动) with others of their age. Others may simply become too social in the use of technology to try outdoor interactions.
According to Auburn University professors, the experience of interacting with people of their own age is very important for young people. To encourage interaction in your community, arrange a youth social activity. Such activities are a good way to encourage friendship and social development. You can arrange a bike tour through the local community, stopping along the way to interact with other young people and locals. A group hiking trip is another way to keep young people physically active and sociable. Arrange a day’s hike through a forested park. Have them each bring some food to share and stop for a picnic along the way.
Technological development has made many children give up books and social activities in favor of television, computer and video games. Organize a youth weekly reading group to reinforce the value of reading and interacting with others. Organize a list of discussion topics, and choose a day each week for group discussion.
Although many youth social events are; aimed at entertainment (娱乐), it is also important to teach the value of community service. Arrange a trip to a local nursing home and have the young people spend a day socializing with the elderly. Or organize community clean-up and have them work to remove all the rubbish in the areas. Besides, teaching the value of giving back, these activities will allow young people to socialize with one another as well as with other members of the community.
8. How does the author develop the second paragraph
A. By giving examples. B. By providing results.
C. By listing some facts. D. By explaining reasons.
9. What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Compare. B. Explore.
C. Strengthen. D. Appreciate.
10. Why does the author suggest a trip to a local nursing home
A. To teach young people to value the present happy life.
B. To encourage young people to show respect for the old.
C. To make young people know more about the elders’ life.
D. To show young people the value of community service.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Some common problems of young people.
B. Some ways to teach the value of giving back.
C. Some methods to improve teenagers’ relationship.
D. Some suggestions to help youth interact with each other.
D
Improved air quality to reduce ozone (臭氧) pollution may have avoided the loss of 1.5 billion birds during the past 40 years, a study found. That’s nearly 20% of bird life in the United States today.
Ozone, a gas that appears in nature, is also produced by human activities, including by power plants and cars. The ozone in the upper atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays (紫外线) of the sun. But ground-level ozone is harmful and pollutes the air we breathe.
To examine the relationship between bird populations and air pollution, the researchers used models that connected bird observations from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s eBird program with ground-level pollution data. They tracked monthly changes in bird populations, air quality, and regulation status (治理现状) for 3,214 US counties over a period of 15 years. The findings suggest that ozone pollution is most harmful to the small birds — such as sparrows, warblers and finches — that make up 86% of all North American land-bird species. Ozone pollution directly harms birds by damaging their breathing systems, and indirectly harms their food sources.
“Not only can ozone cause direct physical damage to birds, but it also can harm plant health and reduce numbers of the insects that birds eat,” said co-author Amanda Rodewald. “Not surprisingly, birds that cannot get high-quality habitat or food resources are less likely to survive or reproduce successfully. The good news here is that environmental policies intended to protect human health and return important benefits to birds too.”
This work contributes to our ever increasing understanding of the connection of environmental health and human health.
12. How many birds are there in the United States now
A. 0.75 billion. B. 1.5 billion.
C. 3 billion. D. 7.5 billion.
13. What is the result of the findings
A. Ozone pollution harms birds’ food sources indirectly.
B. 86% of North American land-bird species are extinct.
C. 3,214 counties in America have effective regulations.
D. The researchers have observed birds for many years.
14. What is Amanda Rodewald’s attitude towards birds’ future in the US
A. Worried. B. Positive.
C. Uncaring. D. Doubtful.
15. What is the suitable title for the text
A. Ground-Level Ozone Makes up Most of the Air We Breathe
B. Environmental Policies Intend to Protect Human Health
C. Reduced Ozone Pollution May Have Avoided Bird Deaths
D. Regulations Bring Important Protection Benefits to Birds
陕西省汉中市汉台区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Courses for Students in 2024
Welcome to the UK’s Top-Ranked Multi-Campus. Summer School, we will provide an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national fun and secure setting. As students, you will have the opportunity to study a wide range of stimulating courses with like-minded people in famous academic environments.
Course 1: General English
Time: June 11 to July 2
Instructor: Leah Roesch
Our creative and student-centered lessons will help you improve your all-round ability in English. By engaging in interesting and stimulating tasks, projects and activities, you are challenged to activate your language knowledge and further develop your social skills.
Course 2: Introduction to Leadership
Time: July 19 to August 1
Instructor: Christina DePasquale
We explore the foundations and qualities that will make each of you become effective leaders. During this exciting two-week programme, we do research on well-known historical leadership figures and the characteristics that made them successful.
Course 3: Introduction to STEM
Time: June 21 to July 3
Instructor: Edith Freni
What could be better than building your English while arousing your passion for science, technology, engineering and mathematics Students who study STEM have the unique chance to study at a school that is frequently shortlisted as the best public school in the United Kingdom.
Course 4: Future Engineers
Time: June 15 to June 28
Instructor: Marshall Duke
Are you passionate about science, mathematics and physics Do you want to learn how to bring them together to solve real world challenges With the course, your theoretical knowledge will be stretched and enhanced, creating the groundwork for a fantastic career in engineering.
1. Whose course should you choose to improve your communicative competence
A. Edith Freni’s. B. Christina DePasquale’s.
C. Leah Roesch’s. D. Marshall Duke’s.
2. What can you do in Course 2
A. Meet leadership figures.
B. Know about historical leadership figures.
C. Become successful engineers.
D. Explore language characteristics.
3. What do Course 3 and Course 4 have in common
A. They have the same duration.
B. They introduce public English teaching.
C. They cover literary theoretical knowledge.
D. They focus on science.
B
For the creatively minded, snow represents a large blank canvas (空白画布) for art. But often, it’s limited to snowmen or other snow statues. Simon Beck had a different idea, and over the course of a decade he has carved a path for himself in the snow art world. He creates large land art by walking across soccer-field-sized areas covered in untouched bined with light and shadow, his artistic designs can only be fully appreciated when viewed from above.
Beck, 59, a former map maker turned into a snow artist, thanks to his decision late in life to pursue his hobby.
“It started just as a joke one day really,” Beck explained. “After skiing one day, I decided to make a drawing on snow to seek pleasure…”
“I really had no idea how good it would look when I made that first drawing, but it really went beyond my expectation, he said of his first ever creation that he looked down on from a ski lift.
To create this work, Beck stepped his way through the snow using only snowshoes and a ski pole for measurement with nothing else but the image of a design idea in his head. It was not challenging at all due to his previous work experience. But as his designs developed and became more complex, Beck said he began to start drawing them on paper first.
Beck’s paintings have become a huge hit since his work was first shared.
“Most of the time I had been doing failed careers, and people around me are asking what’s the quickest way of getting rid of this person,” Beck said. “And for the first time, I felt people actually wanted me. I felt like a more valued member of society.”
4. Where does Simon Beck create art
A. On maps. B. On mountains. C. On snowfields. D. On soccer fields.
5. Why did Beck create his first drawing
A. To prove his talent. B. To have fun.
C. To entertain the skiers. D. To develop a new hobby.
6. What contributed lo Beck’s art creation
A. His experience of making maps. B. His passion for skiing.
C. His competitive nature. D. His dream to be an artist.
7. In which column of the newspaper can we read the passage
A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Geography. D. Art.
C
I was born in a poor community on the north side of Boston, US, raised by a single mother who didn’t finish 3rd grade, lived each day on food stamps and attended what the media called “the most dysfunctional (功能失调的) public school district”. Not many people expected much of me, so I had to expect.
On my 13th birthday, I bought a poster of Harvard to hang in my room. Being at Harvard became what I dreamt about. Even if my electricity was cut off, I still woke up at 5:30, because I knew that my poster of Harvard was still hanging only two feet away from me.
Reminding myself of my goal each day made it easy to say no to the same choices I saw my peers making, because those paths wouldn’t have had me closer to my goal. Being poor could not take away my power to decide what I choose to do with my day. The poster gave me the courage to send emails to about 50 Harvard students to ask for feedback on my application essays; it gave me the energy to study just one more hour on my SATs when my friends were asleep; and it gave me the determination to submit just one more scholarship application when 180 others had already turned me down.
Every day, I could feel myself getting closer and closer to my goal as my writing got better, my SAT score increased, and my scholarship checks started coming in. Finally, an email arrived from Harvard. The first word was “Congratulations!” A month later, Harvard flew me up to visit the campus where for the first time I stepped onto my dreaming land.
Who you are today is the result of the decisions you made yesterday, and who you will be tomorrow will be the result of the choices you make today. Who do you want to be tomorrow
8. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. All people expected too much of him.
B. He grew up in a happy family.
C. He accepted the greatest education.
D. He had high expectation of himself.
9. What efforts did the author make to achieve his goal
A. He spent more time preparing for the exams.
B. He learnt from his peers from time to time.
C. He often wrote feedbacks on others’ essays.
D. He turned to his teacher when facing problems.
10. Which can best describe the author’s character
A. Intelligent and humorous. B. Generous and selfless.
C. Determined and hardworking. D. Courageous and friendly.
11. Which of the following can be the main idea of the text
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Perseverance can help realize your dream.
C. Easier said than done.
D. It’s never too late to study.
D
“Do you have Wi-Fi ” It’s my most-asked question when visiting new cities. Nowadays, having access to Wi-Fi is essential if you plan on making the most of any trip abroad. But far too often I spend 5 for a tiny cup of coffee just to use a cafe’s Wi-Fi and charging port. Replacing this costly exchange with their interpretation of a city center, the designer of Kuube, a Hungarian startup, has created a smart bench equipped with all the necessities that a modern-day traveler might need to comfortably move through any city.
Kuube’s smart bench comes in three sizes. All come with USB ports, wireless chargers, and a Wi-Fi hotspot function-free for everyone. All three smart benches charge up thanks to solar panels, which makes them easily movable.
First comes KuubeECO, the smallest of the three smart benches. It’s a three-seater that comes equipped with two USB ports and one wireless charger. It has unlimited Internet access thanks to its Wi-Fi hotspot. The bench with one display screen continuously monitors its environment, such as changes in UV levels or air pressure — displaying them on its monitor for those interested. Then comes KuubeNANO, the middle that can seat up to four people and comes with all the same offerings as KuubeECO. And finally comes the largest option, KuubePLUS. This smart bench offer more of a group, or family seating style and can accommodate up to eight people. It offers four charging options and two display screens.
The three smart benches all have an aluminum chassis (铅制底座) that’s recyclable and are made from natural ash wood for the seating sections. Kuube is clearly a sustainability-focused startup that’s combining design and technology to make cities and parks friendlier to everyone.
12. What does the author think of buying coffee to access Wi-Fi
A. Enjoyable. B. Expensive. C. Time-consuming. D. Out of date.
13. Which of the following can describe the smart benches
A. They are designed specifically for young people.
B. They offer limited Internet access for now.
C. They charge little for charging phones.
D. They are eco-friendly and mobile.
14. What can KuubeNANO provide
A. Two display screens. B. Seats for eight people.
C. Two USB ports. D. Four wireless chargers.
15. What does the underlined word “It” refer to
A. KuubePLUS. B. A screen. C. KuubeECO. D. A café.
陕西省西安市莲湖区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
4 Ice Rinks (溜冰场) In The UK
Winter Wonderland, Cardiff, Wales
Duration: 16 November 2023—2 January 2024
This r ink is see-through, allowing views of Cardiff Castle while being sheltered from the elements. For further fun on the ice, travel down the Ice Walk that extends through the grounds for 150 m with a breathtaking backdrop of the Norman Keep.
Somerset House, London, England
Duration: 15 November 2023—14 January 2024
The magical r ink is at Somerset House. This rink offers skate school classes and wheelchair sessions, so everybody has access to it. Treat yourself post-skating with the Skate Extras at the Chalet Suisse in the West Wing of Somerset House, including a hot chocolate and chocolate fondues(奶酪火锅).
Royal Pavilion Ice Rink, Brighton, England
Duration: 28 October 2023—7 January 2024
Those summer scorchers at the seaside might be a distant memory, but there’s still reason to head to the coast this Christmas. Set against the city’s Indo-Saracenic-style former royal residence, Brighton’s green-energy ice rink has special free sessions for under-5s, and warming offers at the rink side Bar &Kitchen include hot chocolate with marshmallows.
Edinburgh’s Christmas Ice Rink, Edinburgh, Scotland
Duration: 17 November 2023—6 January 2024
When you’ve had enjoyed the delicious food at the Christmas Markets along Princes Street, make your way to George Street to enjoy a glide across the ice. Fixed between Castle Street and Charlotte Square, the covered r ink makes its mark with its scenic backdrop of the City Chambers.
1. What is special about Somerset House
A. It provides free wheelchair sessions. B. Foods are served before skating.
C. Anyone can skate there. D. People can travel down the Ice Walk.
2. Which ice rink can offer visitors the longest open time
A. Royal Pavilion Ice Rink. B. Somerset House.
C. Winter Wonderland. D. Edinburgh’s Christmas Ice Rink.
3. Who are likely to visit these places
A. Those who enjoy delicious foods. B. Those who are fond of shopping.
C. Those who like to travel around. D. Those who are keen on skating.
B
Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana Osci Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital. Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases. His grandmother and aunt were among them.
Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking.
Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education. He started his nonprofit organization, OKB Hope Foundation. In 2021, he converted (转变) a van (面包车) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities and provide free routine medical care.
On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis (尿液分析) as well as provide medicine. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people, ” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another. Since its launch, the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care, according to Boateng.
Boateng has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation, recently quitting his job to dedicate his time to bringing health care to his home country. But for him, the sacrifices (牺牲) are well worth. “Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there.” He has big plans for the future. He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.
4. What is the purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 1
A. To show the importance of life. B. To describe how hard Boateng’s family lived.
C To point out what’s wrong with the hospital. D. To stress the seriousness of lacking health care.
5. How does Boateng carry out his mission
A. He operates on patients in the van. B. He rents a doctor’s office wherever he goes.
C. He provides medical care by charging some fees. D. He offers people health care using mobile clinic.
6. What do we know about the Hope Health Van
A. It really works. B. It makes a profit.
C. It serves the whole Ghana. D. It produces some good medicine.
7. Which of the following best describe Boateng
A. Reliable and creative. B. Caring and ambitious.
C. Considerate and humorous. D. Determined and demanding.
C
Landscape architect Kotchakorn Voraakhom has designed a new green roof on the Rangsit Campus of Thammasat University, about 25 miles north of central Bangkok, Thailand. Her imaginative work challenges the common thinking that urbanization has a negative impact on the planet, whether flooding, excess (过度的) energy use, disrupted (扰乱) biodiversity or the heat island effect.
The 236, 806-square-foot structure, which opened in December 2019, includes a flood water management system and Asia’s largest rooftop organic farm. It combines modern landscape architecture with traditional agricultural knowledge, creating a green and friendly environment.
The green roof, containing an H-shaped landscape, looks like a futuristic hill with a brick building beneath it. The hill features a complex pattern of zigzagging terraces (之字形梯田) of planted beds, leading all the way down to the bottom. When rainwater hits the roof, it flows down the zigzags while being absorbed by the soil in the beds, The excess water is directed into four storage ponds — with a capacity of up to 3 million gallons. The process slows down the flow speed of rainwater runoff compared to a normal concrete rooftop. This keeps the area from flooding during heavy rains.
The roof’s terraces are filled with organically grown crops, including a drought tolerant variety of rice, many local vegetables and herbs. The farm can supply the canteens on campus with a large amount of rice, herbs and vegetables a year. The food waste is composted (把……制成堆肥) to fertilize the farm, and water from the storage ponds is used to water plants, creating an entirely localized and circular system.
The farm serves as an outdoor classroom and a source of local jobs, too. Farmers offer workshops on sustainable agriculture and nutrition as part of the university’s sustainability curriculum. “Students and community members are invited to participate in seasonal seeding, harvesting, and so on,” says Voraakhom. “The urban farm is training a new generation of organic farmers with real-world skills. It also promotes a sense of community.”
8. What can we say about Voraakhom’s work
A. It’s short-lived. B. It’s creative.
C. It’s demanding. D. It’s time-consuming.
9. Why is the rooftop designed to be zigzag
A. To store more water.
B. To plant diverse vegetables.
C. To slow the speed of water flow.
D. To make it look more attractive than other buildings.
10. What can be inferred about the farm from paragraph 4
A. It uses food as fertilizer. B. It benefits the environment.
C. It improves students’ lifestyle. D. It produces vegetables and fruits.
11. What does the author want to show by mentioning the outdoor classroom
A. Students can learn hands-on knowledge on the farm.
B. Farmers working on the farm can become professors.
C. The farm prevents government from offering people jobs.
D. The farm harms the relationship between university and community.
D
Plastic is everywhere in our modern world. Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts, but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal (处理). However, Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.
Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer, which is brittle (脆性的), the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages. Once scratched with a knife, it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150 ℃ for just 60 seconds. When shaped into the shape of a crane, then flattened, it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up. It does all of this much faster than others of its type.
The new plastic can also break down easier. Even if it’s discarded (丢弃) into the environment, it still poses less of a, problem than other kinds of plastic, which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days. It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules (分子) that are essential food for marine life.
The new plastic is more resistant to breaking. It can also repair itself, and can recover its original memorized shape. It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment, according to Shota Ando, a researcher of the study.
The material can be used in a variety of applications, “Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrete and carbon,” said Ando. “By using the new plastic, these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat. Unlike conventional epoxy resins, this new material is hard but stretchable, so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch.”
12. What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic of the text. B. To show the disadvantages of plastic.
C. To highlight the importance of plastic. D. To indicate his views on previous plastic.
13. What do the underlined words “patch itself up” mean in paragraph 2
A. Change itself. B. Shape itself. C. Repair itself. D. Burn itself.
14. What do we know about the new plastic
A. It is safe for animals in the ocean. B. It can provide nutrition for animals.
C. It can change its shape when frozen. D. It is more brittle than previous plastic.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Research Of New Molecules B. An Interesting Scientific Study
C. The Widespread Application Of Plastic D. A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic
陕西省西安市西安区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Craig Foster, bare-chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southern-most tip of Africa when he saw her--an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stones．
Deeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature．He kept coming back every day to the same place where he first met her, trying to stay very still in her presence．For weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escape．And then, after Foster's dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him．
In the documentary "My Octopus Teacher", this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle（触手）wrapped around a human hand could．The nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020．
"If you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its normal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world," Foster says in his documentary．
We see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back, growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggs．"The octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely new to science," Foster says．
After years of filming some of the planet s most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed, and disconnected．"I was struggling．My only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go-to happy place as a child," he says．
Completely involving himself in the underwater world has calmed his mind．Over the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharks．"But nothing has compared to this 'once-in-a-lifetime' bond with the octopus," Foster says．
The octopus changed Foster's life forever．Foster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors．"Your own role and place in the natural world is the most precious gift we humans have received," he says．
1. Foster followed the octopus with _______________．
A. great patience B. a professional goal
C. scientific curiosity D. an adventurous spirit
2. According to "My Octopus Teacher", the octopus _______________．
A. enjoyed Foster's attention B. taught Foster surviving skills
C. placed trust in Foster gradually D. benefited from Foster's company
3. What did Foster learn from the experience
A. The natural world offers many gifts．
B. Humans belong to the natural world．
C. The natural world never fails to impress．
D. Humans should protect the natural world．
B
Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water because the probability of finding a person alive fall dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.
New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by George Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in water will go. “Our work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.
In today’s rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.
Haller’s research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the ocean’s surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.
In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location,” says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coast guards everywhere.”
4. In a search and rescue operation, .
A. the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hours
B. the use of dynamics leads to the wrong location
C. weather conditions are a determining factor
D. changing currents present a challenge
5. What is the distinct feature of the new algorithm
A. It relies on ocean dynamics.
B. It tracks the path of the curves.
C. It stops the uncertainties of the accident.
D. It figures out how tides change over time.
6. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about .
A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm
C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations have Fallen
B. Why Algorithms are Popular in Rescue Operations
C. How Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
D. How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives
C
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer (层) of red dust (尘埃) coated everything outside. This included cars, buses, trees, and plants.
As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky color wasn’t a forest fire, but the dust from the Sahara Desert. Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It’s called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle (圈) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown toward Spain. These kinds of storms aren’t unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name, calima. It is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist says it’s like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met with a river of wet air driven by strong winds. People in some cities, like Malaga and Navarra, reported that it was raining dust. In other places, the dust changed the color of the snow on the ground.
The dust cloud continued to move north and west, hitting both France and the United Kingdom. The dust is expected to keep stalking, possibly as far north as Denmark. The dust cloud may make some places a little foggy and sunsets very colorful.
Some weather experts warn that climate change could make dust storms from the Sahara Desert even more serious in the future.
8. Normally, what does the Saharan Air Layer do
A. It’s farmland-friendly. B. It does good to the desert.
C. It ends in the desert. D. It disappears in the ocean.
9. What can be learnt about the calima in Spain
A. It has different colors. B. It causes heavy rains.
C. It is huge and famous. D. It is formed near rivers.
10. What does the underlined word “stalking” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Rising. B. Spreading. C. Getting weak. D. Becoming different.
11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Culture. B. Health. C. Agriculture. D. Nature.
D
Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals (哺乳动物) and birds. Now the scientists at London’s Queen Mary University report that bumblebees (大黄蜂) know the same thing. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing.
Dr. Lars Chittka began to wonder if bumblebees played during an earlier test. In that test, Chittka guided bumblebees to move balls into a goal for food. He noticed that some bees were rolling (滚动) balls even when they weren’t given food. He wondered if they were playing.
To test the idea, the scientists at his lab set up a new test. First, they numbered 45 young bumblebees between one and 23 days old. The numbers let them follow bumblebees’ behavior. Then, they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ home to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, the researchers placed small colored wooden balls. On one side of the path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around. For three hours a day, over 18 days, the scientists opened the pathway between the home and the feeding area. The bumblebees never had to leave the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t interested in the side where the balls didn’t move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls.
Catching the balls with their legs, the bees would move their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45 numbered bumblebees did this 910 times during the test. Though some only did it once, others did it a lot. The younger ones liked to spend more time rolling balls while the older ones showed less interest in it. One bee was recorded rolling balls 44 times in a single day. One was seen rolling balls 117 times over the whole test.
The test raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
12. What did Chittka want to do about bumblebees in the earlier test
A. Discover if they played. B. Train them to move balls.
C. Make them learn to relax. D. Find out if they’d share food.
13. What did the scientists do to bumblebees before the new test
A. They named each of them. B. They let them interested in balls.
C They had all of them go hungry. D. They marked them one by one.
14. What can we say about the older bumblebees’ behavior in the new test
A. They held their attention for longer. B. They understood simpler numbers.
C. They were less active in rolling balls. D. They helped the young pull on balls.
15. What’s the best title for the text
A. Bumblebees Are First Insects Known to Play
B. Two Tests Prove Bumblebees Expect to Play
C. Bumblebees Are the World’s Smartest Insects
D. Scientists Make Bumblebees Work for Them
答案：
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述的是剑桥为高水平音乐爱好者提供的几项音乐奖项。
1．推理判断题。根据每一部分中的“Find out more.(了解更多。)”可知，点击此处可以了解更多，由此可推断，该文应是来自网站。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Organ Scholarships部分中的“Organ Scholarships in Cambridge offer unparalleled opportunities to talented organists who wish to develop their skills significantly during the period of their academic studies.(剑桥的管风琴奖学金为希望在学术研究期间发展技能的才华横溢的管风琴家提供了无与伦比的机会。)”可知，Organ Scholarships给想要发展技能的手风琴家提供了无与伦比的机会，由此可知，它帮助手风琴家改善技能。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据Choral Awards部分中的“Choral Award-holders receive a small financial award each year and, in most Colleges, they also receive a subsidy (补助金)towards singing lessons.(合唱奖获得者每年都会获得一笔小额的经济奖励，在大多数大学，他们还会获得一笔歌唱课补贴。)”以及Organ Scholarships部分中的“The awards vary from College to College but all include a small financial award and some support for music lessons.(这些奖励因学院而异，但都包括小额经济奖励和一些音乐课支持。)”和Instrumental Awards Scheme部分中的“Successful students are Award-holders for a year, and receive a small financial award professional coaching of their ensemble, master classes, recital opportunities and a subsidy for instrumental lessons.(成功的学生将获得为期一年的奖项，并获得一笔小额的经济奖励，包括他们的合奏团的专业指导、大师班、独奏机会和器乐课程的补贴。)”可知，在这三部分中都提到了给予一部分经济奖励。故选B项。
4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了设置信封预算是如何改变作者的生活的。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food. (对我来说，我从快餐中得到了很多满足)”可知，作者十分喜欢快餐。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One day I realized that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! I decided to give myself a tight budget to reduce my consumption. (有一天，我意识到我每周在快餐上的花费惊人地高达40美元。这是很多冰咖啡和汉堡包！我决定给自己一个紧缩的预算来减少消费)”可知，作者每周在快餐上的花费很高，所以作者设定了信封预算，以控制快餐支出。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but watched my weight. (改变我在快餐上的消费方式不仅有助于我的预算，而且还能控制我的体重)”可知，信封预算对健康有好处。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了设置信封预算是如何改变作者的生活的。故选C项。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是在面对他人伤害时，处理这个问题的最好方式就是“宽恕和忘记”。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““It is well established that learning to forgive others can have positive benefits for one’s physical and mental health,” Saima Noreen, a scientist at the University of St. Andrews, UK, told the Huffington Post. (“众所周知，学会原谅他人可以对一个人的身心健康产生积极的好处，”英国圣安德鲁斯大学的科学家Saima Noreen告诉赫芬顿邮报)”可知，Saima Noreen后面的内容为其同位语，所以Saima Noreen应是科学家。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recently, Noreen and her research team have found one more reason that you should stick to this principle—forgiving somebody who has hurt you makes it easier for you to forget the unhappy memory, according to their new study.(最近，Noreen和她的研究团队发现了另一个你应该坚持这个原则的理由——根据他们的新研究，原谅伤害过你的人会让你更容易忘记不快乐的记忆)”可知，研究发现，宽恕伤害过你的人使你更容易忘记不快乐记忆，所以，宽恕帮助我们忘记不快乐的记忆。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the study, researchers asked volunteers to read descriptions of 40 different situations that contained bad actions such as stealing, lying and cheating. Imagining being the victims (受害者), volunteers then had to decide whether they would be able to forgive. Two weeks later, volunteers took part in a memory test.(在这项研究中，研究人员要求志愿者阅读40种不同情况的描述，这些情况包含偷窃，撒谎和作弊等不良行为。想象自己是受害者，志愿者必须决定他们是否能够原谅。两周后，志愿者参加了记忆测试)”可知，这个实验是先阅读40种不同的含有不良行为的情况，然后再将自己想象为受害者，接着确定是否原谅他们，两周后再参加记忆测试，该研究过程与D项顺序吻合。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So Noreen hopes that one day in the near future research will give rise to powerful therapeutic (有疗效的) tools that will enable people to “forgive and forget” more effectively.(因此，诺琳希望在不久的将来的某一天，研究将产生强大的治疗工具，使人们能够更有效地“原谅和忘记”)”可知，Noreen希望在将来能有一种强大的治疗工具可以帮助人们更高效地“宽恕和忘记”，由此可推断，在未来很可能会出现治疗工具。故选D项。
12．D 13．A 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人工智能在现实生活中，让我们的世界变得更美好的两种应用方式。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the digital age, we are becoming accustomed to technological innovations, and the fact that they can have a deep impact on our lives.”（在数字时代，我们越来越习惯于技术创新，以及它们对我们生活产生深远影响的事实。）可知，数字时代的技术创新对我们生活方式会产生深远的影响。第二段中“The number of the smartphone adult users has reached 85 percent in the UK population Meanwhile streaming and 5G tech are changing the way we watch movies, TV shows and sports events. But Artificial Intelligence(AI) is probably the biggest game-changer of them all. ”（智能手机成年用户的数量已达到英国人口的85%，与此同时，流媒体和5G技术正在改变我们观看电影、电视节目和体育赛事的方式。但人工智能(AI)可能是其中最大的游戏规则改变者。）可知，在众多的技术创新中，人工智能对我们的影响最大。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后一句“Think of it this way—a doctor can spend an hour reading six or seven cases while AI can do six or seven thousand in seconds and then present the doctor with a range of possible medical conditions along with their related probabilities.”（这样想吧——医生可以花一个小时阅读六七个病例，而人工智能可以在几秒钟内阅读六七千个病例，然后向医生提供一系列可能的医疗状况及其相关概率。）可知，在医疗领域，在人工智能的辅助下，医生可以得出一系列可能的医疗状况及其相关（疾病的）概率。此处医生为拥有医疗专业知识的人，因此可推知，划线词所在句的含义为“人工智能和医生类似的专业（知识）人士并肩工作，可以做出更快、更好的诊断。”，因此划线词此处指“人类的专业知识”，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AI is being used more and more in insurtech, both to speed up the claim( 索 赔 ) process and to mark possibly fraudulent claims more reliably. It does this by analysing big data trends. Faster processing and reduced fraud are good news for everyone, and that can save money for us.”（人工智能在保险科技领域的应用越来越多，既可以加快理赔流程，也可以更可靠地标记可能存在的欺诈性理赔。它通过分析大数据趋势来做到这一点。更快的处理和减少欺诈对每个人来说都是好消息，这可以为我们节省资金。）说明了人工智能带给保险行业的好处：不仅可以加快理赔流程，也可以更可靠地标记可能存在的欺诈性理赔。实现这样的好处就是凭借人工智能对大数据的分析。所以本段主要讲述人工智能对我们很有益。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段““In the digital age, we are becoming accustomed to technological innovations, and the fact that they can have a deep impact on our lives.”（在数字时代，我们越来越习惯于技术创新，以及它们对我们生活产生深远影响的事实。）可知，数字时代的技术创新对我们生活方式会产生深远的影响。第二段最后一句“Here are two real-world applications of AI that are already changing our world for the better”（以下是人工智能在现实世界中的两个应用，它们已经让我们的世界变得更美好。）可知，文章主要讲述人工智能在现实生活中，让我们的世界变得更美好的两种应用方式。因此文章的标题可以为“人工智能是如何让我们的世界变得更好。”选项B可以简要的概括文章主题，故选B。
陕西省西安市阎良区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了伦敦最好的四个书店。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Foyles Books中“It was once listed in the Guinness Book ofWorld Records as the biggest bookshop on the planet.(它曾被列入吉尼斯世界纪录，是世界上最大的书店。)”可知，Foyles Books被列入Guinness Book of World Records之中。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Hatchards中“In the year 1797, this London bookshop.—the oldest in the city today—first flicked on its lights.(1797年，这家伦敦书店——今天这个城市里最古老的——第一次亮灯开业。)”可知，Hatchards，这座城市最古老的的书店，1979年第一次营业。所以Hachards的特别之处是它历史悠久。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由文章London Review Bookshop中“There’s an excellent selection of history, philosophy, politics, new fiction and many other kinds here. Plus, there’s a nice cafe in which you can crack open that tome(巨著) for the first time and start reading.(这里有历史、哲学、政治、新小说和许多其他类型的精选作品。此外，还有一家不错的咖啡馆，你可以在里面第一次打开那本巨著开始阅读。)”以及14 Bury Place可知，在14 Bury Place，你可以边喝咖啡边看书。故选D项。
【答案】4 D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，不能集中精力于所做的事情，当他想放弃时，受Louise Braile故事和Smith老师的激励，终于克服困难很好地完成论文并得到老师的认可。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“At thirteen, I was diagnosed (诊断) with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the claos was focusing on tasks, I couldn’t.(13岁时，我被诊断出患有某种注意力障碍。这让我在学校很困难。当班上的其他人都在专注于任务时，我却不能)”可知，作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，他在课堂上无法集中注意力。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Inslead, he invented a reading system of raised dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of. knowledge to the blind.( 相反，他发明了一个凸点阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界)”可知，Louise Braile发明了盲文来帮助盲人。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an ‘A’ on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words, ‘See what you can do when you keep trying ’ (当我把论文交给Smith老师的时候，我并没有想到会有什么收获。所以，当我第二天收到她给我的论文时，我感到非常惊讶，因为论文上有一个‘A’。下面有这样一句话：‘看看当你不断尝试的时候你能做什么？’)”可知，Smith老师给了作者一个“A”，并且附上留言，可见Smith老师对他是鼓励的，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，本文讲述了作者受Louise Braile故事的激励战胜自己的疾病，完成论文并得到老师的认可的故事，根据文章第五段“If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up (如果Louis能找到解决问题的方法，我为什么要放弃？)”和第六段“At the bottom of the paper were these words, ‘See what you can do when you keep trying ’(在论文的下面有这样一句话：‘看看当你不断尝试的时候你能做什么？’)”可知，本文告诉我们，一直持续努力，你会成功的。所以B项Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成)符合本文主旨。故选B项。
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。在童年和青少年时期,一些年轻人在与同龄人活动时可能会感到害羞或者不舒服。另一些可能因为太喜欢使用科技，而不想尝试户外互动。本文主要讲述了一些帮助青少年彼此活动的建议。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to Auburn University professors, the experience of interacting with people of their own age is very important for young people. To encourage interaction in your community, arrange a youth social activity. Such activities are a good way to encourage friendship and social development. (奥本大学教授认为，与同龄人互动的经历对年轻人来说非常重要。为了鼓励社区内的互动，安排一个青年社会活动。这些活动是促进友谊和交际发展的好方法。)”可知，本段提出与同龄人互动对年轻人很重要，可以通过一些活动促进友谊和社交能力的提高，接下来列举了两个例子“You can arrange a bike tour through the local community…(你可以在当地社区安排一次自行车之旅)”和“A group hiking trip is another way to keep young people physically active and sociable.(团体徒步旅行是让年轻人保持身体活力和社交的另一种方式。)”可推断，作者是通过举例来说明观点的。故选A。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Technological development has made many children give up books and social activities in favor of television, computer and video games.(科技的发展使许多孩子放弃读书和社交活动，而转向看电视、玩电脑和电子游戏。)”可知，科技的发展导致孩子们放弃书籍和社交，因此推断划线句“Organize a youth weekly reading group to reinforce the value of reading and interacting with others.(组织青少年每周读书会，reinforce阅读及与他人互动的重要性。)”说明通过组织每周阅读小组，是为了强化阅读和与他人活动的重要性，划线词与C项“加强；强化”意思相近。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“…it is also important to teach the value of community service. Arrange a trip to a local nursing home and have the young people spend a day socializing with the elderly.(教授社区服务的价值也很重要。安排一次去当地养老院的旅行，让年轻人花一天的时间与老人交流。)”可知，作者建议去当地养老院是为了向年轻人展示社区服务的重要性。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段“During their childhood and teenage years, some young people may feel too shy or uncomfortable to interact (互动) with others of their age. Others may simply become too social in the use of technology to try outdoor interactions.(在他们的童年和青少年时期,一些年轻人在与同龄人活动时可能会感到害羞或者不舒服。另一些人可能只是因为太喜欢使用科技，而不想尝试户外互动。)”提出问题，青少年缺少互动，第二段的“To encourage interaction in your community, arrange a youth social activity.(为了鼓励在你的社区里的互动，安排一次青少年社交活动。)”讲述可以通过一些社交活动让青少年互动，下文列举了一些类似的活动，第三段提出科技阻碍了青少年与他人互动，并列举一些活动，最后一段介绍了社区服务可以教授青少年回馈社会。因此推断本文主要讲述了一些帮助青少年彼此活动的建议。故选D。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一项研究发现，为减少臭氧污染而改善的空气质量可能在过去40年里避免了15亿只鸟类的损失。这几乎是今天美国鸟类生命的20%。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Improved air quality to reduce ozone (臭氧) pollution may have avoided the loss of 1.5 billion birds during the past 40 years, a study found. That’s nearly 20% of bird life in the United States today.(一项研究发现，为减少臭氧污染而改善的空气质量可能在过去40年里避免了15亿只鸟类的损失。这几乎是今天美国鸟类生命的20%。)”可知，现在美国的鸟的数量是15亿除以20%，即75亿，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The findings suggest that ozone pollution is most harmful to the small birds—such as sparrows, warblers and finches—that make up 86% of all North American land-bird species. Ozone pollution directly harms birds by damaging their breathing systems, and indirectly harms their food sources.(研究结果表明，臭氧污染对麻雀、莺和雀鸟等小型鸟类的危害最大，这些鸟类占北美陆地鸟类的86%。臭氧污染通过破坏鸟类的呼吸系统直接伤害鸟类，并间接伤害它们的食物来源。)”可知，调查结果是臭氧污染间接危害鸟类的食物来源。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The good news here is that environmental policies intended to protect human health and return important benefits to birds too.(好消息是，环境政策旨在保护人类健康，并将重要的利益回报给鸟类。)”可知，Amanda Rodewald对鸟类在美国的未来持的态度是积极的。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Improved air quality to reduce ozone (臭氧) pollution may have avoided the loss of 1.5 billion birds during the past 40 years, a study found.(一项研究发现，为减少臭氧污染而改善的空气质量可能在过去40年里避免了15亿只鸟类的损失。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项研究发现，为减少臭氧污染而改善的空气质量可能在过去40年里避免了15亿只鸟类的损失，因此本文最恰当的题目是C选项“Reduced Ozone Pollution May Have Avoided Bird Deaths(减少臭氧污染可能避免了鸟类的死亡)”，故选C。