山西省部分市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

山西省部分市
2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山西省忻州市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Study Economics at James Madison University
To study economic s in the USA, choose James Madison University（JMU）, the first most recommended public university according to students．The university offers a Bachelor of Business Administration（BBA）degree in economics．You’ll get business education comprehensively, and gain a strong foundation of economic theory and policy that can lead to various career choices, including financial analysis and trading, economic analysis, communications and public administration．
International Year
The International Year at the International Study Center gives students special academic and English language support, with university-style teaching．By completing the International Year, you’ll progress to your chosen undergraduate degree at JMU．
Entry requirements
Applicants must provide proof that they meet the minimum English language entry requirement．There’re several ways you can show English ability:
·TOEFL iBT score
·IELTS score
·Duolingo score
·Other English language test scores accepted by the University
Applicants must also have completed a US secondary education and have a minimum grade point average of 2.25．
If you meet the appropriate language and academic requirements, you can apply directly to any of our academic programs at JMU．
How to apply
To apply, fill out our application form on the Internet．Once your application has been received, a student enrollment（招生）advisor will review it and contact you directly．If your application is accepted for enrollment, you’ll receive an offer letter and an advisor will let you know how to pay your deposit to secure your place with us．
21．What makes students recommend JMU to those interested in economics
A．Its various related course schedule． B．Its free public service．
C．Its well-rounded business education． D．Its loose learning policy．
22．To be admitted into JMU, students must _______．
A．achieve a grade point over 2．25 B．take the English language test of JMU
C．complete the International Year D．reach the required English ability
23．What do students applying to JMU need to do first
A．Finish an online application form． B．Pay enough deposits in advance．
C．Get in touch with the advisor． D．Write a letter to the university．
B
Spending roughly a decade preparing for her 2023 book Alive: Like Light and Salt, writer Liao Zhi has taken a creative journey with her memories of surviving the disastrous Wenchuan earthquake．The then 23-year-old dance teacher was rescued from a collapsed building, but suffered the loss of her legs and her child．
Selected from Liao’s diary entries, the six-chapter book touches upon topics like “finding one’s true self” and “relationships”, revealing how the writer dealt with pain to set career goals and find the courage to become a parent once again．
The writer said her desire for life seemed to have been strengthened by the near-death experience and that may be why she took only less than a year to get back on track again．Swimming, running marathon and taking part in charity dance performances were only a part of Liao’s daily agenda that helped her see the light again．
Alive: Like Light and Salt is not all about dealing with difficulties．Liao has devoted several chapters to topics like “becoming a communication expert in close relationships” and sharing her thoughts on love．
Liao met Charles Wang, a prosthesis（假肢）engineer, when she was getting her new artificial legs．Although she was hesitant about getting remarried, Wang assured her that she was the one, even telling his parents that “I’ll never again meet such a good girl.”
“Her life-loving nature, her health y mind-set toward her disability and also her willingness to speak up for people with the same experiences as herself, such things let me see a different side of life．I’ve been deeply touched by her,” said Liao’s mother-in-law．
Liao set up the Home of Chenxing, a rehabilitation（康复）studio in Chongqing for disabled people in 2019, and has now helped over 100 people walk again with artificial limbs（肢）．She’s also a leader of a charity group called “Seeing and Change”．“Society needs to be educated to see this particular group of people．We represent a part of society’s value,” Liao noted．
24．What do we know about the book Alive: Like Light and Salt
A．It’s mainly intended for earthquake survivors． B．It’s inspired by her husband encouragement．
C．It’s focused on ways to handle difficulties． D．It’s based on the author’s life experiences．
25．How did the busy life affect Liao Zhi after the earthquake
A．It helped her see the hope of life． B．It pushed her to start a studio．
C．It urged her to write many books． D．It enabled her to walk again．
26．Why are Liao’s mother-in-law’s words mentioned
A．To introduce Liao’s achievements． B．To confirm Liao’s good qualities．
C．To think highly of Liao’s marriage． D．To ask people to experience life．
27．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．Charity should be made international．
B．The disabled create more social values．
C．Liao is devoted to helping the physically disabled．
D．Society owes an apology to the particular group．
C
“Have a dream．Don’t be afraid to want something.” That’s the advice from Florence Bergeron, associate director of knowledge mobilization（动员）for the Students Commission of Canada．The group organized the country’s annual “Take Our Kids to Work Day” initiative on November 1．
Across Canada, ninth-grade students had the chance to visit the workplace of a parent, relative or friend. Bergeron said over 450,000 people participated this year．
The initiative began in 1994．“The principle was to bring their own children into the workplace so they could see what their parents were doing and prepare for taking on that same role,” Bergeron explained．The purpose of the day has changed over the years, as many kids now follow careers different from their parents’．
According to Dorota Peacock, who is the district coordinator for career education in the Surrey School District in British Columbia, the event is beneficial in various ways．“It’s valuable for exposing students to what people do in the adult workforce that they normally wouldn’t see,” Peacock said．“They get to ask questions and decide what’s interesting.”
Peacock added that students also learned what they were loath to do, which was just as valuable．That was the case for three ninth graders from Ecole Salish Secondary School in Surrey．Mia Kim, Rithi Murugaselvam, and Eljie Salimbagat said that they enjoyed visiting their parents’ workplaces, but realized that they, themselves, would likely follow different paths．Rithi,14, who visited a day care center where her mother worked, said that “much patience is required for working with kids.”
All three students agreed that learning to socialize is essential, no matter what career path you follow．“I learned that for a lot of jobs, you needed to learn how to communicate with others to be successful, ” said Mia, 13．
Peacock hoped that the event inspired Canada’s ninth graders to have a deeper appreciation for their parents. “They are smart, productive people, and not just people who come home and help with homework and make meals,” Peacock said．“They’re an actual person in the world doing really cool things.”
28．What was the purpose of the initiative
A．To expose children to the busy life． B．To prepare students for their career options．
C．To improve parent-child relationships． D．To educate children on possible changes．
29．What does the underlined word “loath” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Unwilling． B．Nervous． C．Ready． D．Eager．
30．Which of the following is a must in all careers according to the three students
A．The ability to adapt． B．The adventurous spirit．
C．The sense of success． D．The communication skill．
31．What does Peacock probably want to say in the last paragraph
A．Family count above all else． B．Parents’ work is much more meaningful．
C．Children should admire their parents． D．Children lack appreciation for housework．
D
Only around a couple dozen people have been to the deepest part of the ocean floor, a place known as Challenger Deep．One of them is marine geographer Dawn Wright, a chief scientist of the Environmental Systems Rescarch Institute．She’s also part of a global race to map the entirety of the world’s oceans by 2030．
Challenger Deep is about 11,000 meters below the surface of the Pacific Ocean．In July 2022, Wright and pilot and ocean explorer Victor Vescovo sank in a submersible（潜水器）．Once the pair sank about 800 meters, they lost sunlight and saw worms, jellyfish and anglerfish that could create their own light．Wright and Vescovo were focused on testing a special mapping device, thus making a map．
Mapping the bottom of the ocean is for many things．For instance, installing（安装）underwater cables stretching between continents, which account for the vast majority of our Internet traffic, requires a map of the seafloor, and offshore wind farm developers also need to know the composition of the seafloor to fi x turbines（涡轮机）．
Historically, satellite data has been critical to mapping the ocean, but Wright says these maps are too unclear to see fine details．What is the solution It’s using sonar mapping, meaning an instrument sends pulses of sound from the ocean surface down toward the seafloor and waits for it to come back up．Based on the amount of time it takes for the sound to return and factors like temperature and salt content, scientists can get a specific depth．
Only about 25% of the world’s seafloor is currently mapped in detail, but an initiative called Seabed 2030 aims to get to 100% in just over six years．To complete the picture, ocean mappers are expecting industries to fill in some of the gaps．“The hope is that we can very quickly get to 40% if we can get a lot of these companies to release their data and to make it public,” says Wright．
32．Why did Wright and Vescovo go to Challenger Deep
A．To study ocean creatures． B．To map the seafloor．
C．To test the submersible． D．To enjoy themselves．
33．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The benefits of mapping the seafloor．
B．The need to build offshore wind farms．
C．The way the Internet traffic works．
D．The similarities among continents．
34．What does Wright probably suggest companies do in the last paragraph
A．Collect more information． B．Learn to use sonar mapping．
C．Map 40% of the world’s seafloor． D．Share their data with ocean mappers．
35．What could be the best title for the text
A．Seafloor Mapping Is Now a Hot Topic in Science
B．Scientists Cooperate to Map the Entire Seafloor
C．Mapping the Seafloor Is Challenging But Essential
D．The Entire Seafloor Will Be Mapped Successfully Soon
山西省太原市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末学业诊断英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
As an alternative to going straight from high school to college, many young adults are taking a gap year as a chance to travel, volunteer or explore new skills. We’ve rounded up a selection of some of the top gap year programs, which will help you get started searching for your perfect post-graduation experience.
The Leap
As a UK-based organization, it offers volunteer travel options in both group-structured and independent plans. The Leap creates amazing hands-on opportunities to travel while working on sustainability projects, such as repairing coral reefs in South Africa or conservation efforts on the beaches and forests in Costa Rica. The organization is responsible for half tuition costs.
Workaway
Workaway encourages cultural exchange through work, from working on a farm in British Columbia to teaching art to children in Peru. Living expenses will be provided as long as young adults work there. This can be a good option to gain some new skills and see the world for free.
Habitat for Humanity (HFH)
This nonprofit organization offers full-year service positions at local habitat organizations across the US. In this program, participants can learn and develop new skills while serving a critical role in helping HFH build, create or improve homes for those in need. There is a small living allowance for those who qualify.
Where There Be Dragons (WTBD)
WTBD has some of the most in-depth foreign travel programs available. It offers political science, history, sustainability, economics and language immersion in remote locals as well as those closer to home. WTBD offers college credits as part of their programs. This program is one of the most expensive options, but financial aid is available.
1. What does the program of The Leap focus on
A. Cultural exchange. B. Handicraft-making.
C. Individual planning. D. Environmental projects.
2. What do these four programs have in common
A They operate in groups. B. They offer college credits.
C. They provide financial aid. D. They are conducted in the UK.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Travel enthusiasts. B. High school graduates.
C. Charity organizers. D. College teachers.
B
Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired. But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.
This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.
The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday. After a season with good results, some well-meaning people excitedly ask “What's next ” It can wander in my mind and raise doubt over what I should be doing according to other people’s opinions.
In this case I talked to some experienced athletes and raised my concern, one of whom suggested establishing a general outline of the next season’s goals prior to holidays. I find it helpful, not only preventing me from feeling rushed to get back into workouts too soon and giving a sense of purpose to the rest itself, but also ensuring that I will not spend my break making plans but allow my mind to rest too.
We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy myself.
4. What do most athletes do during a holiday after a season
A. Negotiate with coaches. B. Do alternative workouts.
C. Enjoy absolute relaxation. D. Travel to a seaside destination.
5. What can we infer about the author’s holiday from paragraph 2
A. It was carefully arranged. B. It followed the coach’s plan.
C. It was ended ahead of schedule. D. It was interrupted by unexpected tasks.
6. What is the author’s real need during the break time
A. Mind rest. B. Physical recovery.
C. Time management. D. Professional guidance.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Secrets to Winning on Tracks B. Plans for Next Season’s Training
C. End-of-season Break: A New Beginning D. From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes
C
The first word on an ancient Roman scroll carbonized by Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 C. E. has recently been decoded, opening the door to eventually decoding the rest of the texts which haven't been read in the past 2, 000 years.
The scroll, along with some 800 scrolls unearthed in the ancient Roman city of Herculaneum, looks more like a burnt log. It’s so fragile (易碎的) that it would fall apart if researchers tried to unroll it. Early attempts to unroll and read it caused irreversible (不可逆的) damage and no such attempts have been made since the 19th century.
Brent Seales, a computer scientist from the University of Kentucky has been perfecting CT scan technology to see what’s inside the scrolls without actually touching them, a process he calls “virtual unwrapping”. Because commonly the ink contains metal, it can be seen on Seales’ CT scans. Unfortunately, the Herculaneum scrolls were written in carbon-based ink made from charcoal (木炭) and water. When Seales scanned them, nothing appeared to the naked eye.
Earlier this year, Seales’ team launched “the Vesuvius Challenge”, encouraging people to use AI to further explore researchers’ scans. In early August, a contestant called Casey Handmer got a reward of $10, 000 for being “the first person to find substantial, convincing evidence of ink within the unopened scrolls.” As a follow-up, a 21-year-old computer science student Luke Farritor drew inspiration from his discovery and created a machine-learning algorithm (算法) that identified ten clear letters spelled as the English word “purple”, marking the first dive into an unopened ancient book.
These discoveries are critical steps toward decoding the remaining unopened scrolls. “Some 95 percent of the material from this important philosophical periods of humanity is lost,” says Robert Fowler, a classicist at the University of Bristol. “Recovering them would transform our knowledge of the ancient world in ways we can hardly imagine. The impact could be as great as the rediscovery of manuscripts during the Renaissance,” he adds.
8. Which of the following can be the reason why the scroll has become fragile
A. It was made of a burnt log. B. It was unearthed 200 years ago.
C. It was unrolled by some researchers. D. It was carbonized by a volcanic eruption.
9. Why were Seales’ scans unable to read Herculaneum scrolls
A. Because the scrolls were wet with water.
B. Because the carbon-based ink dirtied the scrolls.
C. Because the writing material contained no metal.
D. Because virtual wrappers were touched by hands.
10. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4
A. The influence of the research. B. The further plans to unroll the scrolls.
C. The reason for launching the program. D. The process of decoding the text with AI.
11. What does Robert Fowler think of these discoveries
A. Imaginary. B. Groundbreaking. C. Conventional. D. Unidentifiable.
D
Humans have moved species of plants and animals around, introducing them to new habitats, for as long as we’ve been on Earth. Many of these introduced species have been beneficial, such as European honeybees that have proved to be excellent pollinators (传粉者) in the US. But that’s not the case for European beachgrass introduced to sand dunes (堆) on the coast of California. Beachgrass was planted to stabilize the ever-shifting dunes and it worked well. But the beachgrass is usually the only species living on dunes where there once were a large variety of native grasses and wildflowers.
It’s true that not all non-native species become invasive, but those that do adapt to the local environment, spread rapidly and outcompete native wildlife, often due to the absence of natural enemies that can keep their population in check. The spread of invasive species leads to the extinction and biodiversity loss on Earth, causing financial and ecological damage, according to the leading scientists.
Some campaigns have been launched to eradicate invasive species, including pesticides spray, manual removal and biological controls. Interestingly, a growing number of chefs and conservationists even have a far simpler idea: Eat them to beat them. Apart from providing favorable habitats for local species, perhaps the best way to fight invasive species is to prevent them from occurring in the first place. When boating, clean the boat thoroughly before transporting it to a different body of water. Don’t “pack a pest” when travelling, for fruit and vegetables, plants, insects and animals can carry pests or become invasive themselves. If you plan to own an alien pet, do your research and plan ahead to make sure you can commit to looking after it instead of releasing it into the wild. When you transfer an organism, you can also transfer its neighbors. Think before you move an animal or plant around!
12. What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1
A. Introduced species may cause unexpected results.
B. The beachgrass led to the biodiversity on the dunes.
C. Humans have a long history of working with nature.
D. The honeybees were forced out of Europe by humans.
13. What helps non-native species spread quickly
A. The balanced ecosytem. B. The competitive native wildlife.
C. The absence of natural enemies. D. The extiction of invasive species.
14. What does the underlined word “eradicate” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Increase. B. Introduce. C. Wipe out. D. Take over.
15. What can people do to solve the problem of invasive species
A. Release organisms into the wild. B. Provide favorable habitats for them.
C. Mind the acts of transferring species. D. Keep the wildlife population in check.
山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The following 4 famous paintings — from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece — have stood the test of time
The Amolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck’s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism — while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint–Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title 'Guernica' refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.
1. Which of the following paintings was produced earliest
A. Guernica. B. The Harvesters.
C. The Starry Night. D. The Amolfini Portrait.
2. Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons
A. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B. Vincent van Gogh.
C. Jan van Eyck. D. Pablo Picasso.
3. What do we know about the paintingThe Starry Night
A. It was painted on wood in oils.
B. It described the painter's life in hospital.
C. It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.
D. It was given away to the museum by a collector.
B
After 18 years of devotion to rhythmic gymnastics, Fanni Pigniczki claimed the gold medal on the international stage. The 23-year-old Hungarian topped the podium(领奖台) not just once but twice!
In a remarkable display of skill and determination, she secured victories in both the individual all-around and Ball at Chengdu Sport University Gymnasium. “It was an amazing feeling to see the Hungarian flag rising up,” Pigniczki said after the medal ceremony. At the Chengdu games, Hungary has secured three gold medals, with Pigniczki, the country’s only rhythmic gymnast then, responsible for two of those. But it was not without a sense of regret—her errors in the concluding pose denied her a medal in another round. Pigniczki vowed to learn from that setback. “I need to improve my stability in the coming training.” she said.
Actually, this positive attitude should be credited to her psychology background at Karoli Gaspar University in Budapest. This major benefits her athletic pursuits, helping her to better manage her emotions. “I have learned to stay calmer and think less during competition. I have also learned that I need to relax and concentrate on the ‘now’ of competition,” added Pigniczki.
“When I was a kid, I tried all kinds of activities like swimming, basketball, and ballet. Seeing the sparking outfit, I fell in love with rhythmic gymnastics instantly. But what truly attracts me is the feeling of readiness in the sport, as I could always improve more.” she said. It is this feeling that has motivated her to set numerous records for Hungarian rhythmic gymnastics. Her outstanding performances at the 2021 European championships earned her a spot at the delayed Tokyo Olympics. Pigniczki became the first Hungarian rhythmic gymnast to grace the Olympic stage since Viktoria Frater at the Sydney 2000 Games. At the Olympics, she finished 20th in the qualification round for the individual all-around. Last year, she continued to make history by becoming the first Hungarian to claim a World Cup medal in rhythmic gymnastics.
Her role in inspiring the next generation of gymnasts was recognized in May when she was honored with the Smart Scoring Shooting Star award.
4. What was Pigniczki’s notation towards her errors in competition
A. She looked down upon them directly.
B. She had strong sense of regret for them.
C. She promised never to make them again.
D. She analyzed them with stable emotion.
5. What attracts Pigniczki most in rhythmic gymnastics according to paragraph 4
A. The gold medals she won for her country.
B. The opportunities to perform at Olympics.
C. The feeling of making improvement constantly.
D. The attractive outfit she saw for the first time.
6. Which word best describes this Hungarian rhythmic gymnast
A. Motivated.
B. Responsible.
C. Dominated.
D. Predictable
7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Pride goes before a fall.
B. Care and diligence bring luck.
C The power of example is endless.
D. All the roads lead to Rome.
C
Whether exploring distant universe or dashing about a fantasy world, virtual reality has immersed humans in extraordinary places. Now, it seems, mice will be able to join us.
Researchers have developed a pair of virtual reality “goggles” that can bring the mice into various situations, from navigating mazes(导航迷宫) to experiencing the threat of natural enemies.
With a pair of lenses (镜片) and screens mounted on stands either side of a mouse’s head, the recently updated version of “goggles” provides each eye of mice with a 180-degreefield of view. The researchers placed the animals on a treadmill (跑步机) in front of a large screen displaying a digital scene, with their heads fixed to monitor the brain activities. This not only allows mice to see the virtual environment in 3D and gets rid of visual clues of the lab, but offers a way to present virtual images from above —for example, of a hovering hawk. This stimulation causes mice to freeze or flee the same as they react in real environment to survive a hungry bird attack in the wild. When the mice froze, activity from neurons(神经元) in their brains involved in navigation suggested they were in a different location from where they actually were. “It was as if they were thinking about where they would rather be —a safe, covered location up ahead.” Dombeck said, adding such results might help explain how imagination arises in the brain.
The team are also working to identify neurons involved in forming memories when mice navigate a maze, as well as which connections between them are improved to form memories. Answering these questions will help us understand how our brains know where we are in the world around us, how we form memories of those experiences, and ultimately how those memories are degraded in neurodegenerative diseases.
8. What might the mice see and do wearing “goggles”
A. It will always see a hawk in the fields. B. It will enjoy an amazing 3D fiction movie.
C. It will notice the surroundings in the lab. D. It will detect virtual dangers from above.
9. What does the underlined word “mounted” mean in paragraph 3
A. Be attached. B. Be displayed. C. Be collected. D. Be hatched.
10. What do research intend to achieve eventually through this research
A. To teach mice how to face the virtual reality by itself.
B. To study how imagination arises smoothly in the brain.
C. To remind mice how to escape from approaching dangers.
D. To explore how memories are degraded in neuron diseases.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Mice take pleasure in the virtual reality. B. Goggles on mice benefit brain research.
C. Goggles play a key role in the research. D. VR helps mice navigate mazes successfully.
D
Ever wondered why your partner is up with the lark (百灵鸟) while you are happily sleeping till noon It could be thanks to Neanderthal genes, according to a new study.
Scientists comparing ancient DNA with the genetics of modern humans discovered a “striking trend”, said John Capra, an epidemiologist (流行病学家) at the University of California in San Francisco. The researchers found that the Neanderthal genes that remain affect the body clock —increasing tendency to be a morning person.
Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes (纬度) than our ancestors who migrated from Africa一further away from the equator, with the days longer in summer and shorter in winter. “The gene that makes people early risers likely enables more rapid alignment (协调一致) of the circadian clock (生物钟) with changing seasonal light patterns, ”Dr Capra said, “when Neanderthals were able to make the most of daylight hours to hunt.”
Scientists have previously explored how the circadian rhythms of insects, plants,and fish have developed depending on latitude. But that hasn’t been well studied in humans. There searchers wanted to see whether there was a genetic reason for differences in circadian rhythms between Neanderthals and modern people, and found 16 variants (变异体) associated with greater“morningness”. They suspected that as Neanderthals and the ancestors of modern humans mated,people today could have followed Neanderthal“circadian variants”.
To test this,scientists analyse the genetics of several hundred thousand people from the UK Biobank and found many of the variants that affect sleep preference. “Most noticeably, they found that these variants increase morningness,”the researchers said. This is consistent with what has been found in other animals that have adapted to living at a high latitude, as Neanderthals did.
12. Why does the author mention “your partner is up with the lark”in paragraph 1
A. To introduce the following context.
B. To compare two morning life styles.
C. To praise those who get up early.
D. To express gratitude to Neanderthals.
13. What is the root for Neanderthals’ morningness according to paragraph 3
A. The capability of hunting animals. B. The genes from African ancestors.
C. The environment at higher latitudes. D. The daylight hours around their habitats.
14. What can be inferred in paragraph 4
A. Morningness in human is unlike that in plants.
B. Insects’ circadian rhythms are impacted by latitude.
C. Scientists have previously studied the genes of animals.
D. The genes of Neanderthals is the only reason for morningness.
15. How did researchers prove their subsection
A. By analyzing statistics of the subjects.
B. By observing people’s sleeping habits.
C. By interviewing participants in the experiment.
D. By comparing sleep preference among human and animals.
山西省晋中市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末适应性调研测试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Color Purple
Alice Walker
Set in rural Georgia at the turn of the last century, Alice Walker’s epic novel weaves the heartbreaking and hopeful tale of Celie, an uneducated black teen fighting for her dignity and freedom. The novel bravely and honestly addresses issues like women’s struggles and ultimate resilience. Published in 1982, it won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction and the National Book Award.
Catcher in the Rye
J. D. Salinger
Poetic and heartfelt Holden Coalfield is one of the most famous literary characters of all time. Published first in 1951, Catcher in the Rye brilliantly captures the lonely teen experience of having to grow up and leave the tenderness and innocence of childhood behind. Though young adult fiction didn’t exist in its current form when J. D. Salinger wrote the novel, it’s considered one of the first teen books and consistently appears on high school reading lists.
The House of the Spirits
Isabel Allende
The 1982 novel—the best-selling Spanish-language novel of all time—revolves around three generations of Trueba women. Females’ struggle and themes of ancestors exist in all parts of the book, as is magic; no surprise since this work of magical realism was influenced by Gabriel Garcfa Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude, which won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
The Joy Luck Club
Amy Tan
This 1989 classic book explores four Chinese American families who gather and eventually recount their pasts in China and struggles as immigrants (移民) in the United States. Heart warning, heartbreaking, and a delight to read, The Joy Luck Club is one of the classic books that influenced a generation of Chinese American creators.
1. Which of the following books was published the earliest
A. The Color Purple. B. Catcher in the Rye.
C. The House of the Spirits. D. The Joy Luck Club.
2. Who wrote a book related to the Chinese living in the U.S.
A. Isabel Allende. B. J.D.Salinger. C. Alice Walker. D. Amy Tan.
3. What do The Color Purple and The House of the Spirits have in common
A. They are relevant to females’ fight. B. They influence three generations.
C. They address some teen problems. D. They won the prizes in the same year.
B
Are you terrified of what’s to come in the future What if we don’t get into our dream schools What’s plan B So much is on our 17-to 18-year-old minds. I didn’t exactly create aback up plan. I just adapted to every new situation I was put in.Here’s how my life didn’t go as planned, but I’m happier than ever.
In the year of 2016, I went into my dream school—Washington State University, where I’d beat tending school to study engineering. I visited my future school after I was already accepted. It was a school away from a major city. Cold feet came over me and I backed out of the school just before orientation (适应). This was a tough decision, but my heart wasn’t in it.When your heart isn’t in it, all you need to do is adjust.
My mom and I went to the Army recruiter’s (征兵人员的) office, where I enlisted in the U.S. Army as an Engineer. I’d never had a firm grasp of my identity from high school, so attending a military boot camp gave me a clean slate (新的开始), where I could become the person I wanted to be. When I came back home as an Army Engineer, I became one of the most confident people in my household. Everything seemed to be going to a plan that I had barely thought out. By the time I returned home in July of 2017 from Engineer training, I decided to enroll in my local community college. I had no high expectations for how community college would go. Turns out that my college was one of the best in the area and had a very diverse group of people from high schools I’d never interacted with. The people I met through clubs and classes at community college were beyond amazing people. I have friends for life.
I would not be where I am today without taking so many risks. I am grateful to my supportive parents and enlightening friends.
4. What’s the author’s purpose in raising the questions in paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To explain a concept.
C. To give background information.
D. To present an important fact.
5. What was the author’s difficult decision before attending his dream school
A. Changing his major.
B. Dropping out of school.
C. Accepting the cold weather.
D. Moving to a big city.
6. What was the author like after returning home from the army
A. More easy-going.
B. More thoughtful.
C. More optimistic.
D. More communicative.
7. What can we know from the author’s experience
A. Living from the heart can be happier.
B. Attending college is never late.
C. Future is impossible to predict.
D. Lucky people always take risks.
C
People whose brains are high in vitamin D are less forgetful in old age, a new study suggests.Scientists in America examined samples of brain tissue from 209 older adults who had died, finding for the first time that vitamin D is present in four key areas of the brain. Levels were higher in people who did not suffer dementia (痴呆) and showed less cognitive (认知) decline in the years before their death, said the research team from Tufts University in Massachusetts.
The body creates vitamin D from direct sunlight on the skin, and it is also found in foods including oily fish and red meat. Besides, milk and orange juice contain vitamin D, which helps to boost the body’s immune response and to maintain healthy bones.
The study looked at vitamin D in four regions of the brain — two associated with changes linked to Alzheimer’s disease, one associated with dementia caused by poor blood flow, and the other region which is not linked to memory loss. High vitamin D levels in all four regions of the brain are connected with better cognitive function including language skills, memory and attention duration.
However, the scientists said it was unclear exactly how vitamin D might affect brain function or whether it helps to prevent dementia. Dr Kyla Shea, the lead author of the study, published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, said, “We now know that vitamin D is present in reasonable amounts in human brains, and it seems to be connected with lessdec line in cognitive function. But we need to do more research to identify the neurophysiology (神经病理学) about why vitamin D is linked to brain function before we start designing future interventions such as telling people to eat more foods with vitamin D.”
8. What does the research find about vitamin D in older adults’ brain
A. It has something to do with cognition.
B. It is to blame for memory loss.
C. It speeds up the aging process.
D. It prevents people developing dementia.
9. How can we obtain necessary vitamin D
A. By taking pills.
B. By exercising regularly.
C. By bathing in the sun.
D. By drinking apple juice.
10. Which of the following is a result of high vitamin D in the brain
A. Lack of attention.
BPoor blood flow.
C. Quicker language learning.
D. Continuous memory loss.
11. What may the future research focus on according to Dr Kyla Shea
A. Varieties of foods rich in vitamin D.
B. The amount of vitamin D in human brains.
C. Methods of improving brain function quickly.
D. Reasons for the influence of vitamin D on the brain.
D
Greta Thunberg may be the voice of a generation alarmed about climate change but she is also the voice of a generation failing to do much about it. A new study shows that young people, are taking less action to lower their carbon footprint than older Britons and are much worse at taking simple steps to help the environment, such as recycling.
The YouGov survey of 1,008 Britons found that more than 80 per cent of 18-to 24-year-old say they are worried about global warming compared with nearly 70 per cent of the over -65s. A higher proportion (比例) of young people also believe that urgent action is required to deal, with climate change. However, nearly 90 per cent of the over-65s say they recycle as much as possible compared with only half of young people. The over-65s are also more likely to have reduced the number of flights they take, to take steps to save water and to repair items. They are also more likely to turn the heating down and switch off lights in rooms they are not using.
Overall, the study found that 74 per cent of Britons are concerned about climate change and 70 per cent believe urgent action is required. However, the data suggests that the economic climate is affecting people’s willingness to act. Over half of the people questioned said that dealing with, the cost of living is a greater priority than making changes to lower their environmental impact.
Claudine Blamey, group sustainability director at Aviva, said, “The majority of UK residents believe urgent action is required to tackle environmental change. It’s heartening to see that older generations are leading the way through their climate-conscious behaviors and younger people are committing to doing more.” “It is vital that people realize making a difference is within their gift, helping their families, communities and country to get ready,” he added.
12. How did researchers of the YouGov survey support their findings
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By quoting statistical data. D. By presenting theoretical basis.
13. What can be known from paragraph 3
A. Measures have been taken to get around climate change.
B. Many people in Britain are struggling with their living cost.
C. Most people are unwilling to act to protect the environment.
D. Changes made to lower environmental impact are most effective.
14. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “heartening” in the last paragraph
A. Amusing. B. Confusing. C. Disturbing D. Inspiring
15. What is the best title for the text
ABritons Lead the Way in Protecting the Environment
B. Action Speaks Louder Regarding Climate Change
C. It Is an Urgent Need to Reduce Carbon Footprint
D. Young People Fail to Act on Carbon Concerns
山西省大同市2023-2024学年高三上学期冬季检测英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Book Passage is offering dozens of exciting classes in several categories. To view the classes by date, please click here for a calendar view.
The Memoir Series
Instructor: Connie Josefs
We all have life stories to tell. But how do we write about our lives in a way that will engage a reader This series focuses on the skills of writing memoir (回忆录). Each class provides concrete tools and strategies for transforming memory into attractive narrative(记叙). Format includes reading, discussion and writing exercises.
DATES: Oct. 7—28
4 Saturdays
TIME: 10AM—1PM
LOCATION: Online via Zoom
Your Story, Well Told
Instructor: Corey Rosen
Author and Storyteller Corey Rosen helps you to uncover your best stories, develop them in a safe and supportive environment, and then perform them in a free LIVE show for friends and family.
DATES: September 19—October 17
5 Tuesdays
TIME: 1:30PM—4:30PM
SHOW: Saturday Oct. 21, 4PM
LOCATION: Corte Madera Store
Travel Literature
Instructor: Michael Shapiro
This book group will review modern classics from four great works of travel literature. Led by author and longtime Book Passage Travel Writers Conference faculty, Michael Shapiro, the group will explore best-sellers and lesser known but equally rewarding books from these masters of the genre.
DATES: Sep. 9, Oct. 14, Nov. 11, Dec. 9
TIME: 10:30 AM—12:30 PM
LOCATION: Corte Madera Store
Contemporary Classics
Instructor: Jennifer Carson
The instructor will lead this group in reading recent literary fiction with exceptional promise. With a diverse selection of inspiring voices, Jennifer aims to facilitate stimulating, engaged, and improved discussions that bring forth fresh insights about each month’s book.
DATES: Sep. 12, Oct. 10, Nov. 14, Dec. 12
TIME: 10:30AM—12:30PM
LOCATION: Corte Madera Store
21．What makes The Memoir Series special
A．It provides a chance to discuss. B．It is an online activity.
C．It shares performing strategies. D．It is about Josefs’ memoir.
22．When can participants perform their stories
A．On Sep. 9. B．On Sep. 12. C．On Oct. 14. D．On Oct. 21.
23．Which class offers a chance to read recent literary fiction
A．Travel Literature. B．Your Story, Well Told.
C．Contemporary Classics. D．The Memoir Series.
B
Lilyma Khan recalls that she desired to be a chef for as long as she can remember. When she was around three years old, she’d watch her father cook for the entire neighbourhood, and the simple dishes would comfort and nourish (滋养) everyone in their area of Taimoor Nagar, New Delhi.
But it turned out that these evenings, filled with food, laughter, and warmth, were limited — at the age of 5, she lost her father, and then her mother within the following six months.
When she was around 11 years old, she was rescued by an NGO. It was here that she received an education for the first time. At the age of 13, she went to another NGO called Kilkari Rainbow Home. There, she got opportunity to give wings to her dreams. After finishing Grade 12, she was able to work at a restaurant thanks to the Creative Services Support Group (CSSG).
“Anand Kapoor, who runs the CSSG, visited our NGO one day. He asked us all about our ambitions, and I expressed my desire to become a chef. He got me a job as a staff cook at an Italian restaurant in Lodhi Road, New Delhi,” recalled Lilyma.
Chef Sadeev Pasricha, who has trained Lilyma, has known her for eight years. He says, “She amazes me with everything that she does. She is very clever and works well under pressure. She is a quick learner and works very hard, for almost 12 hours a day,” says Sadeev.
Today, Lilyma also leads a team of 35 people at Dear Donna. With pride in her voice, she says that she stays at her own house today, and has purchased land in Noida and Ghaziabad.
“It’s very easy to take a wrong turn and fall into bad company. Have courage to move ahead in life. From being hungry all the time, I am now able to feed many. You too can achieve your dreams,” says Lilyma.
24．What can we know about Lilyma
A．She was born into a poor family. B．She was brought up by an NGO.
C．She suffered a lot when she was young. D．She first learned to cook from her father.
25．When did Lilyma get the chance to realize her dream
A．At 3. B．At 5. C．At 11. D．At 13.
26．Which words can best describe Lilyma
A．Determined and ambitious. B．Courageous and generous.
C．Curious and enthusiastic. D．Humorous and confident.
27．What message can we get from Lilyma’s story
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．Challenges come along with opportunities.
C．It is important for us to have a good friend.
D．Courage and hard work can bring success.
C
Raising a litter of teething wolf pups (幼崽) is not easy, but the wolves living in Yellowstone National Park are parenting experts. This spring, the park’s biologists shot a video of adult wolves repeatedly returning to their den (窝) with so-called “toys”—in the form of bones and sticks—to keep their little ones happy between meals.
Once they stop eating their mother’s milk, pups rely on adults to go out, hunt, and then bring back food to the den. But when that’s not possible, the adults instead retrieve odd items for the wolf pups to play with.
“Pups wait for food deliveries from successful hunts, but in the absence of food, adults bring ‘toys’,” the park wrote on Facebook. “The behavior of bringing items back to the den may be enhanced from generation to generation and probably helps keep adults from being surrounded by sharp puppy teeth.”
The adult wolves are part of “Mollie’s Pack”, one of ten known wolf packs living within Yellowstone as of January 2023. This particular pack is named after Mollie Beattie, who in 1993 became the first woman to serve as director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Beattie, who died in 1996, advocated for the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park to help rebalance the ecosystem after the animals were systematically killed within the park Wolf reintroduction was a highly controversial initiative that many people opposed. And yet, Beattie and other wildlife managers ultimately achieved their vision and successfully relocated 41 wolves from western Canada to the park between 1995 and 1997. Today, that number has blossomed to at least 108 wolves living in Yellowstone.
Today, gray wolves are protected under the Endangered Species Act in many states. In late 2020, the administration removed the animals from the endangered list. But in February 2022, they were re-listed as endangered after a judge reversed the decision.
28．What does the underlined word “retrieve” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Hide. B．Fetch. C．Decorate. D．Design.
29．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Pups of any kind are playful by nature.
B．Wolves are intelligent enough to make toys.
C．Finding food is becoming harder and harder.
D．Wolves’ “toy-delivery” behavior may be more obvious in later generations.
30．What was Beattie’s contribution
A．She helped rebalance the ecosystem in Yellowstone.
B．She got involved in drawing up the Endangered Species Act.
C．She succeeded in reintroducing 108 wolves to Yellowstone.
D．She established the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
31．What will the author continue talking about
A．The reason why gray wolves were considered as endangered again.
B．The factors that contribute to the wolves’ behavior.
C．People’s response to the Endangered Species Act.
D．The change in gray wolves’ population.
D
Creative people are more likely to make the most of their idle (空闲的) time during a typical day by exploring their mind, a new study by University of Arizona researchers suggests.
In the study, the researchers divided the study into two parts. For the first experiment, the researchers asked each participant to sit alone in a room for 10 minutes without any access to digital devices. In the absence of any particular prompt (提示), the participants were asked to speak out their thoughts aloud in real time. The recorded files from 81 participants were then analyzed.
The researchers assessed the participants’ creativity through a thinking test, a lab-based verbal test that measures a person’s ability to think outside of the box. Participants who performed well in the thinking test had thoughts that flowed freely and were associated with one another, often indicated by phrases such as “this reminds me of” or “speaking of which”.
“While many participants had a tendency to jump between seemingly unrelated thoughts, creative individuals showed signs of thinking more associatively,” Raffaeli said, who was a senior author of the paper.
The first experiment also found that creative people were more engaged in their thoughts when they were left alone without distractions (干扰), such as the cellphone and Internet. “Creative people rated themselves as being less bored, even over those 10 minutes. They also spoke more words overall, which indicated that their thoughts were more likely to move freely,” Raffaeli said.
To further prove their initial findings, the researchers extended their study in the context of a much larger span of time—from 2020 to 2023 when many people were alone with their thoughts more often. For the second experiment, over 2,600 adults answered questions through a smartphone app called Mind Window. Participants who self-identified as being creative reported being less bored and more engaged in their thoughts during that period.
The researchers are continuing this line of work using their Mind Window app. They encourage people to download and use the app to help scientists understand how people across the world think in their everyday lives. “Understanding why different people think the way they do may lead to promising interventions to improve health and well-being,” Raffaeli said.
32．What were the participants asked to do in the first experiment
A．Play digital devices for just 10 minutes.
B．Voice their thoughts quickly when asked.
C．Observe and record each other’s performance.
D．Make self-assessment in a thinking test.
33．What was the feature of the creative participants in the study
A．They often had associated ideas.
B．They thought of anything as a reminder.
C．They preferred to sit alone without being distracted.
D．They tended to jump between unrelated thoughts.
34．Why did the researchers encourage people to use Mind Window
A．To analyze their own thoughts. B．To try out the function of the app.
C．To keep track of their thinking. D．To improve their own mental well-being.
35．What can be the best title for the text
A．Idle Time Makes Creative People
B．Creative Thoughts Appear in Idle Time
C．Creative People Are Less Affected by Distraction
D．Creative People Enjoy Idle Time More Than Others
答案：
山西省忻州市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
21-23 CDA
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯麦迪逊大学的经济学科及向其申请学习经济学的相关注意事项。
21．C细节理解题。根据第一段“You’ll get business education comprehensively, and gain a strong foundation of economic theory and policy that can le ad to various career choices, including financial analysis and trading, economic analysis...”可知，学生们推荐詹姆斯麦迪逊大学是因为其全面的商业教育。
22．D细节理解题。根据Entry requirements中“Applicants must provide proof that they meet the minimum English language entry requirement.”及“If you meet the appropriate language and academic requirements..”可知，为了申请詹姆斯麦迪逊大学，学生们必须达到要求的语言能力。
23．A细节理解题。根据How to apply中“To apply, fill out our application form on the Internet.”可知，要申请詹姆斯麦迪逊大学，学生首先需要完成一份网上申请表。
24-27 DABC
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。汶川地震幸存者廖智的书《活着，像光和盐一样》讲述了她经历悲剧后如何活出自我，热烈拥抱美好生活的故事。
24．D细节理解题。根据第二段“Sdected from Liao’s diary entries, the six-chapter book touches upon topics like ‘finding one’s true self’ and ‘relationships’, revealing how the writer dealt with pain to set career goals and find the courage to become a parent once again.”可知，该书是基于作者自己的生活经历创作的。
25．A推理判断题。根据第三段“Swimming, running marathon and taking part in charity dance performances were only a part of Liao’s daily agenda that helped her see the light again．”可推断，忙碌的生活让廖智看到了生活的希望。
26．B 推理判断题。根据第五段“…even telling his parents that ‘I’ll never again meet such a good girl.’”及第六段“‘Her life-loving nature, her health y mind-set toward her disability and also her willingness to speak up for people with the same experiences as herself, such things let me see a different side of life.’”可推断，第六段提到廖智婆婆的话旨在肯定廖智的品德。
27．C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Liao set up the Home of…and has now helped over 100 people…She’s also a leader of a charity group called“Seeing and Change’.”可知，廖智致力于帮助身体残疾的人。
28-31 BADC
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文。加拿大学生委员会于11月1日组织了全国一年一度的“带孩子去上班日”活动。
28．B细节理解题。根据第三段“‘The principle was to bring their own children into the workplace so they could see what their parents were doing and prepare for taking on that same role.’ Bergeron explained.”可知，该倡议的目的是帮助学生为自己的职业选择做准备。
29．A词义猜测题。根据第四段“‘They get to…what’s interesting.”及第五段“That was the case for three ninth graders from Ecole Salish Secondary School in Surrey.”及“…realized that they, themselves, would likely follow different paths.”可推断，loath的意思与Unwilling的意思一致。
30．D细节理解题。根据第六段“All three students agreed that learning to socialize is essential, no matter what career path you follow．“I learned that for a lot of jobs, you needed to learn how to communicate with others to be successful,’said Mia,13.”可知，三位学生都认为交流能力在职场上是必要的。
31．C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容,尤其是“Penack hoped that the event inspired Canada’s ninth graders to have a deeper appreciation for their parents．”可推断，Peacock想表达的是孩子们应该钦佩和欣赏自己的父母。
32-35 BADC
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文。绘制海底地图会给人们带来一定的好处，但绘制整个海底地图是艰巨的，它需要公司与海底地图绘制者合作。
32．B细节理解题。根据第二段“Wright and Vescovo were focused on testing a special mapping device, thus making a map.”可知，Wright和Vescovo潜入Challenger Deep是为了绘制海底地图。
33．A段落大意题。第三段主要讲述的是：绘制海底地图有很多用途。例如，铺设连接各大洲的水下电缆需要海底地图，因为这些电缆占了我们互联网流量的绝大部分。海上风电场开发商也需要知道海底的构成来安装涡轮机。故第三段主要讲述的是绘制海底地图的好处。
34．D推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The hope is that we can very quickly get to 40% if we can get a lot of these companies to release their data and to make it public,’ says Wright.”可推断，Wright可能建议公司把他们的数据分享给海洋地图绘制者。
35．C标题判断题。通读全文可知，绘制海底地图会给人们带来一定的好处，但绘制整个海底地图是艰巨的，它需要公司与海底地图绘制者合作。
山西省太原市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末学业诊断英语试卷
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了关于“间隔年”的几个顶级项目，旨在为即将毕业的高中生或大学生提供一种替代直接升学的选择。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题The Leap下的“The Leap creates amazing hands-on opportunities to travel while working on sustainability projects, such as repairing coral reefs in South Africa or conservation efforts on the beaches and forests in Costa Rica.(Leap为从事可持续发展项目提供了令人惊叹的实践机会，例如修复南非的珊瑚礁或哥斯达黎加的海滩和森林保护工作)”可知，Leap计划的重点是环境项目。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题The Leap下的“The organization is responsible for half tuition costs.(该组织承担一半的学费)”；根据小标题Workaway下的“This can be a good option to gain some new skills and see the world for free.(这是一个很好的选择，可以获得一些新技能，并免费看看世界)”；根据小标题Habitat for Humanity (HFH)下的“There is a small living allowance for those who qualify.(有资格的人有少量的生活津贴)”以及小标题Where There Be Dragons (WTBD)下的“This program is one of the most expensive options, but financial aid is available.(这个项目是最昂贵的选择之一，但可以获得经济援助)”可知，这四个项目的共同点是他们提供经济援助。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As an alternative to going straight from high school to college, many young adults are taking a gap year as a chance to travel, volunteer or explore new skills. We’ve rounded up a selection of some of the top gap year programs, which will help you get started searching for your perfect post-graduation experience.(作为从高中直接进入大学的另一种选择，许多年轻人利用间隔年作为旅行、做志愿者或探索新技能的机会。我们收集了一些顶级的间隔年项目，这将帮助你开始寻找你完美的毕业后经历)”可知，本文是为即将毕业的高中生提供一种替代直接升学的选择。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了运动员在赛季结束后如何休息的话题，作者通过自己的经历和与其他运动员的交流，提出了对于如何正确休息的看法和建议。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But actually most athletes would spend hours trying to convince their coaches that they really don't need to rest at all, subsequently filling up all of their given time with as many replacement activities as possible.(但实际上，大多数运动员会花几个小时试图说服他们的教练，他们真的根本不需要休息，然后用尽可能多的替代活动填满他们所有的时间)”可知，大多数运动员在赛季结束后的假期都做一些另类的锻炼。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This year I was given a week’s holiday by my coach to enjoy absolute relaxation. For the first three days I remained happily wrapped up in the satisfaction of my last race result, embracing pajama days, taking all morning just to have breakfast and using my spare time to socialize more than I usually do. I was enjoying it, and yet···All this resting made me feel restless. Then came Thursday. I laced up my shoes and headed back to the track.(今年教练给了我一周的假期，让我好好放松一下。前三天，我一直沉浸在对最后一场比赛成绩的满意中，享受着穿着睡衣的日子，整个上午只吃早餐，利用业余时间比平时更多地参加社交活动。我很享受，但这一切让我感到不安。然后到了星期四。我系好鞋带，回到跑道上)”可推知，作者有一周的假期，但是在第四天他开始训练，所以是假期提前结束了。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The simple part of resting is the physical act of it, but given that I usually train with focus and tension, learning to check out mentally doesn’t always come naturally after a season, especially when I’m on holiday.(休息最简单的部分是身体上的休息，但考虑到我通常都是集中精力和紧张地训练，在一个赛季之后，学会在精神上检查并不总是自然而然的，尤其是在我度假的时候)”可推知，作者在休息时间的真正需要是心灵休息。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Taking an end-of-season break sounds simple, right You may think a carefree week spent on a beach is what’s most desired.(赛季结束休息一段时间听起来很简单，对吧 你可能认为在海滩上无忧无虑地度过一周是最理想的)”以及最后一段“We all fear losing the fitness and the achievements that we worked so hard to gain, but in reality, taking the appropriate rest and knowing how to take it is a help. Here’s hoping that I’ll get the balance next year. But if I didn’t, at least I would enjoy myself.(我们都害怕失去我们努力获得的健康和成就，但实际上，适当的休息和知道如何休息是有帮助的。我希望明年我能拿到余额。但就算我不喜欢，至少我也会玩得很开心)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何正确休息，所以D项“From Legs to Brain: True Relaxation for Athletes(从腿到脑:运动员真正的放松)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了关于古罗马卷轴的一项科技进展，即使用CT扫描技术和人工智能来解码被碳化且易碎的卷轴上的文字，这些卷轴由于太过脆弱而不能被直接展开阅读。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The first word on an ancient Roman scroll carbonized by Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 C. E. has recently been decoded, opening the door to eventually decoding the rest of the texts which haven't been read in the past 2, 000 years.(一份由公元79年维苏威火山喷发而碳化的古罗马卷轴上的第一个字最近被破译，这为最终破译在过去2000年里没有人读过的其他文本打开了大门)”以及第二段“The scroll, along with some 800 scrolls unearthed in the ancient Roman city of Herculaneum, looks more like a burnt log. It’s so fragile (易碎的) that it would fall apart if researchers tried to unroll it.(与古罗马城市赫库兰尼姆出土的约800卷卷轴一起，这卷卷轴看起来更像是一根烧焦的木头。它非常脆弱，如果研究人员试图展开它，它就会分崩离析)”可知，它被火山喷发碳化了是卷轴变得易碎的原因。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Because commonly the ink contains metal, it can be seen on Seales’ CT scans. Unfortunately, the Herculaneum scrolls were written in carbon-based ink made from charcoal (木炭) and water. When Seales scanned them, nothing appeared to the naked eye.(由于墨水通常含有金属，因此可以在Seales的CT扫描中看到。不幸的是，赫库兰尼姆卷轴是用木炭和水制成的碳基墨水书写的。当西尔斯扫描它们时，肉眼看不到任何东西)”可知，因为书写材料不含金属，所以Seales的扫描无法读取赫库兰尼姆卷轴。故选C项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Earlier this year, Seales’ team launched “the Vesuvius Challenge”, encouraging people to use AI to further explore researchers’ scans. In early August, a contestant called Casey Handmer got a reward of $10, 000 for being “the first person to find substantial, convincing evidence of ink within the unopened scrolls.” As a follow-up, a 21-year-old computer science student Luke Farritor drew inspiration from his discovery and created a machine-learning algorithm (算法) that identified ten clear letters spelled as the English word “purple”, marking the first dive into an unopened ancient book.(今年早些时候，西尔斯的团队发起了“维苏威火山挑战”，鼓励人们使用人工智能来进一步探索研究人员的扫描。8月初，一位名叫Casey Handmer的参赛者获得了1万美元的奖励，因为他是“第一个在未打开的卷轴中找到大量令人信服的墨水证据的人”。随后，21岁的计算机科学专业学生Luke Farritor从他的发现中获得灵感，创建了一个机器学