北师大版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 8 Green Living Lesson3 White Bikes on the Road -Writing shop 单词讲义

Unit8 lesson2-writing shop
poster
词性：名词
中文意思：海报，广告画
英文释义：a large printed picture or notice, especially one advertising an event, product, etc.
词源：来自拉丁语的“postula”，意为“张贴”或“公告”。
例句：I saw a poster for the new movie on the bus stop.
固定搭配：poster child（代表某事物或观念的典型人物），poster boy（受欢迎的人或物）
近义词：billboard, advertisement
founder
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：创始人，建立者；使沉没，失败
英文释义：a person who establishes a company, organization, or institution; to cause to sink or fail
词源：来自古英语的“f stan”，意为“建立”或“奠定”。
例句：He is the founder of the company.
固定搭配：founder of a nation（建国者），founder of a dynasty（开国皇帝）
近义词：establisher, initiator
profit
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：利润，益处；获利，获益
英文释义：money gained by selling goods or services; to gain an advantage or benefit from something
词源：来自拉丁语的“profitere”，意为“利用”或“受益”。
例句：The company made a profit of $10 million last year.
固定搭配：profit margin（利润率），profit and loss account（损益表）
近义词：gain, benefit, advantage
organiser
词性：名词
中文意思：组织者，筹办者
英文释义：a person who organizes an event or activity
词源：来自法语的“organisateur”，意为“组织者”。
例句：She is the organiser of the charity event.
固定搭配：event organiser（活动组织者），team organiser（团队组织者）
近义词：coordinator, planner, manager
union
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：联合，联盟；结合，合并
英文释义：an association of people or groups joined together for a common purpose; to join or bring together into one group or whole
词源：来自拉丁语的“unio”，意为“联合”或“结合”。
例句：The workers formed a union to negotiate better wages.
固定搭配：trade union（工会），labor union（劳工联盟）
近义词：alliance, coalition, association
contented (形容词)
中文意思：满意的，知足的
英文释义：feeling or showing satisfaction; not wanting more
词源：来自拉丁语 "contentus"，意为满足的。
例句：She seemed contented with her life.
固定搭配：be contented with sth./sb.（对某事/某人感到满意）
近义词：satisfied, pleased, happy
occur (动词)
中文意思：发生，出现
英文释义：happen, take place
词源：来自拉丁语 "occurrere"，意为发生。
例句：The accident occurred at midnight.
固定搭配：occur to sb.（某人突然想到）
近义词：happen, take place, arise
agriculture (名词)
中文意思：农业，农学
英文释义：the practice of farming, the science of farming
词源：来自拉丁语 "agricultura"，意为农业。
例句：Modern agriculture has made great progress in recent years.
固定搭配：agriculture industry（农业产业）
近义词：farming, horticulture, agronomy
proposal (名词)
中文意思：提议，建议
英文释义：an idea or suggestion that is put forward for consideration
词源：来自拉丁语 "proponere"，意为提出。
例句：They have accepted my proposal.
固定搭配：proposal letter（提议信）
近义词：suggestion, recommendation, plan
region (名词)
中文意思：地区，区域
英文释义：a particular area of land or a country with its own government and laws
词源：来自拉丁语 "regionem"，意为地区。
例句：This region is known for its beautiful scenery.
固定搭配：economic region（经济区域）
近义词：area, zone, territory
slim
词性：形容词
中文意思：苗条的，纤细的
英文释义：having a small or slender body shape
词源：来自古英语slym，意为“瘦弱”
例句：She is very slim and always wears tight clothes.
固定搭配：slim down（减肥），slim figure（苗条的身材）
近义词：slender, thin, skinny
survival
词性：名词
中文意思：生存，幸存
英文释义：the state of continuing to live or exist
词源：来自拉丁语survivere，意为“继续活着”
例句：The key to survival in the wild is adaptation.
固定搭配：survival rate（存活率），survival kit（生存工具包）
近义词：existence, subsistence, preservation
rate
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：速度，比率，评价
英文释义：a measure of the frequency of an event or the amount of something per unit of time；to assess or evaluate the quality or performance of something
词源：来自古法语rate，意为“评估，估价”
例句：The rate of inflation has increased in recent years.（名词）We need to rate the effectiveness of this new policy.（动词）
固定搭配：interest rate（利率），birth rate（出生率），rating system（评级系统）
近义词：ratio, assessment, evaluation
quote
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：引用，报价
英文释义：to repeat (words spoken or written by someone else) exactly as they were said or written；a statement that is quoted from someone else's work
词源：来自古法语quoter，意为“引用”
例句：He quoted a passage from Shakespeare in his speech.（动词）I need you to give me a quote for the repairs.（名词）
固定搭配：quote unquote（引述别人的话），quote marks（引号）
近义词：cite, mention, refer
headstone
词性：名词
中文意思：墓碑，墓石
英文释义：a stone or piece of wood placed at the head of a grave to mark it and usually to commemorate the person buried there
词源：来自古英语heafodstan，意为“头石”
例句：The headstone was engraved with her name and dates.
固定搭配：graveyard headstone（墓地墓碑），family headstone（家族墓碑）
overcome
词性：动词
中文意思：克服，战胜
英文释义：to successfully deal with a difficult problem or situation
词源：来自古英语 "ofercuman"，意为“从上面抓住”或“征服”。
例句：She overcame her fear of heights by climbing the mountain.
固定搭配：overcome an obstacle, overcome a challenge, overcome difficulties
近义词：conquer, defeat, master
determination
词性：名词
中文意思：决心，决定
英文释义：the quality of being firm and determined in achieving one's goals
词源：来自拉丁语 "determinatio"，意为“决定”。
例句：His determination to succeed was evident from the start.
固定搭配：show determination, have determination, strong determination
近义词：resolve, willpower, persistence
work through
词性：动词短语
中文意思：解决，完成，通过工作实现
英文释义：to solve a problem or complete a task by working on it carefully and thoroughly
词源：work为动词，through为介词，组合在一起表示“通过工作实现”。
例句：We need to work through this issue together.
固定搭配：work through a problem, work through a project, work through a difficult situation
近义词：solve, accomplish, finish
former
词性：形容词/名词
中文意思：以前的，前任的，前者的
英文释义：relating to the earlier time or person; belonging to or relating to the first of two people or things mentioned
词源：来自古法语 "former"，意为“更早的”。
例句：My former boss is now living in Australia.
固定搭配：former president, former employee, former life
近义词：previous, earlier, ex-
current
词性：形容词/名词
中文意思：当前的，现在的，电流的
英文释义：existing at the present time; flowing through a conductor as a fluid; moving continuously in one direction
词源：来自拉丁语 "currere"，意为“流动”。
例句：The current situation is very challenging for everyone.
固定搭配：current events, current affairs, current trend
近义词：present, modern, electric current
county
词性：名词
中文意思：郡，县
英文释义：a division of a state or country having defined boundaries and certain administrative functions
词源：来自古英语的“cu e”（部落）和“land”（土地），意为部落的土地。
例句：He lives in the county of Kent.
固定搭配：county council（县议会）、county fair（县级集市）
近义词：district, region
ordinary
词性：形容词
中文意思：普通的，平常的
英文释义：not unusual or special; normal
词源：来自拉丁语的“ordinarius”，意为“属于常规的”。
例句：She had an ordinary life.
固定搭配：an ordinary day（平凡的一天）、out of the ordinary（不寻常的）
近义词：common, typical, regular
parking
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：停车，停车场
英文释义：n. the act of leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time v. to leave a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time
词源：来自动词park（停放车辆）。
例句：I found a parking spot near the store.
固定搭配：parking lot（停车场）、parking garage（停车库）
近义词：parking space, parking area
therefore
词性：副词
中文意思：因此，所以
英文释义：for that reason; as a result; consequently
词源：来自古英语单词“th rfor”，意为“为了这个原因”。
例句：He was late, therefore he missed the beginning of the movie.
固定搭配：therefore it follows（因此，由此得出）
近义词：hence, thus, consequently
come up with
词性：动词短语
中文意思：想出，提出，找到
英文释义：to think of (an idea, plan, etc.); to provide (an answer, solution, etc.)
词源：来自中古英语的“come uppon”或“come upon”，意为“偶然遇到”或“突然想到”。
例句：Can you come up with a good excuse for being late
固定搭配：come up with an idea（想出一个主意）、come up with a solution（提出一个解决方案）
disappear (动词)
中文意思：消失，不见
英文释义：to cease to be visible or exist
词源：来自拉丁语的dis-（否定）和apparere（出现），意为“不再出现”
例句：The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
固定搭配：disappear from view 从视野中消失
近义词：vanish, fade away, go missing
tracking (名词/动词)
中文意思：追踪，跟踪
英文释义：the act of following someone or something closely in order to find out where they are going or what they are doing
词源：来自古英语的tracian，意为“跟随”
例句：The police were tracking the suspect's car.
固定搭配：tracking device 追踪装置
近义词：following, monitoring, trailing
destination (名词)
中文意思：目的地，终点
英文释义：the place that someone is traveling to or being sent to
词源：来自法语的destination，意为“目的，目标”
例句：What is your final destination
固定搭配：reach one's destination 到达目的地
近义词：end point, goal, target
pedal (名词/动词)
中文意思：踏板，骑自行车或摩托车时脚踩的部分；踩踏板
英文释义：a flat piece of metal that you press with your foot to make a machine work, or to ride a bicycle or motorcycle
词源：来自拉丁语的pedalis，意为“脚”，指用于行走或骑马的脚部支撑物
例句：She pressed down on the pedal and the bike started moving.
固定搭配：pedal power 脚踏动力，人力
近义词：footrest, treadle, push-button
resident (名词/形容词)
中文意思：居民，居住者；常驻的，定居的
英文释义：a person who lives in a particular place; living permanently in a particular place
词源：来自拉丁语的residēre，意为“停留，居住”
例句：The residents of the town were proud of their heritage.
固定搭配：resident doctor 住院医生，常驻医生
近义词：inhabitant, dweller, sojourner
official
词性：形容词
中文意思：官方的，正式的
英文释义：belonging to or done by the government or an organization
词源：来自拉丁语 "officium"，意为“职责”或“职务”
例句：The official language of this country is English.
固定搭配：official document, official statement, official duties
近义词：formal, authorized, legitimate
attitude
词性：名词
中文意思：态度，看法
英文释义：a person's opinion or way of behaving towards someone or something
词源：来自拉丁语 "attitudo"，意为“倾斜”或“方向”
例句：She has a positive attitude towards life.
固定搭配：attitude towards, attitude problem, change one's attitude
近义词：opinion, viewpoint, perspective
diagram
词性：名词
中文意思：图解，图表
英文释义：a drawing that explains how something works or is organized
词源：来自希腊语 "diagramma"，意为“写在平面上的图形”
例句：Here is a diagram showing how the machine works.
固定搭配：flow diagram, electrical diagram, structural diagram
近义词：chart, graph, illustration
percentage
词性：名词
中文意思：百分比，百分率
英文释义：a number or quantity expressed as a fraction of 100 out of a total number or amount
词源：来自拉丁语 "per centum"，意为“每一百”
例句：Only a small percentage of people voted in the election.
固定搭配：percentage point, percentage increase, percentage decrease
近义词：fraction, proportion, rate
disposable
词性：形容词
中文意思：一次性的，可处理的
英文释义：designed to be thrown away after use
词源：来自拉丁语 "dispositio"，意为“安排”或“布置”
例句：These are disposable cups for parties.
固定搭配：disposable income, disposable razor, disposable camera
近义词：one-time, throwaway, temporary
packaging
词性：名词
中文意思：包装，打包
英文释义：the process of wrapping or protecting goods for sale or storage
词源：来自动词 "pack"，意为“打包”或“塞满”
例句：The packaging of the product needs to be improved.
固定搭配：packaging design, packaging material, eco-friendly packaging
近义词：wrapping, covering, containerization
plastic
词性：名词（n.）/形容词（adj.）
中文意思：塑料，可塑的
英文释义：n. a material that can be shaped when heated and hardens when cooled, used for making many household objects and packaging. adj. able to be shaped or molded easily.
词源：来自希腊语“plastikos”，意为“可塑的”。
例句：She wrapped the food in plastic wrap to keep it fresh.（她用保鲜膜把食物包起来以保持新鲜。）
固定搭配：plastic bag（塑料袋），plastic surgery（整形手术），plastic waste（塑料垃圾）
近义词：synthetic material（合成材料），man-made substance（人造物质）
honey
词性：名词（n.）
中文意思：蜂蜜
英文释义：n. a sweet sticky substance produced by bees from nectar they collect from flowers, used in cooking or eaten in its liquid form.
词源：来自中古英语“honeie”，意为“蜜”。
例句：I like to put honey in my tea.（我喜欢在茶里加蜂蜜。）
固定搭配：honeycomb（蜂巢），honeymoon（蜜月），honeydew melon（蜜瓜）
近义词：nectar（花蜜），bee bread（蜂粮）
butter
词性：名词（n.）/动词（v.）
中文意思：黄油，涂抹
英文释义：n. a yellowish fatty substance made from milk or cream and used in cooking or on bread. v. to spread (something) with butter.
词源：来自古英语“buter”，意为“黄油”。
例句：She spread butter on her toast.（她在吐司上涂了黄油。）
固定搭配：butter knife（黄油刀），butter dish（黄油碟），butter up（讨好，奉承）
近义词：margarine（人造黄油），spread（涂抹物）
yoghurt
词性：名词（n.）
中文意思：酸奶
英文释义：n. a thick creamy food made from milk fermented by bacteria, often eaten as a dessert or snack.
词源：来自土耳其语“yo urt”，意为“酸奶”。
例句：I prefer yoghurt to ice cream because it's healthier.（我更喜欢酸奶而不是冰淇淋，因为它更健康。）
固定搭配：yoghurt drink（酸奶饮料），yoghurt maker（酸奶机），yoghurt cup（酸奶杯）
近义词：curd cheese（凝乳奶酪），fermented milk（发酵乳）
container
词性：名词（n.）
中文意思：容器，集装箱
英文释义：n. a receptacle for holding something, typically one with a lid and an opening for pouring out the contents. n. a large metal box used for transporting goods by ship, train, or truck.
词源：来自拉丁语“contenere”，意为“包含”。
例句：She put the cookies in a container and stored them in the pantry.（她把饼干放在一个容器里，存放在食品储藏室里。）
固定搭配：container ship（集装箱船），container yard（集装箱堆场），food container（食品容器）
近义词：box（盒子），canister（罐子），jar（罐子）
majority
词性：名词
中文意思：多数，大多数
英文释义：the greater number or part of a group, especially when compared with the rest
词源：来自拉丁语majoritas，意为“较大的部分”
例句：The majority of people in this town are farmers.
固定搭配：in the majority（占多数）
近义词：most, plurality
sum
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：总数，金额；总结，概括
英文释义：a total amount or number; to add up to a particular amount or number
词源：来自古英语summa，意为“总和”
例句：What is the sum of 5 and 3
固定搭配：sum up（总结，概括）
近义词：total, amount
indicate
词性：动词
中文意思：指示，表明；暗示，预示
英文释义：to show or point out clearly; to suggest or imply that something is likely to happen
词源：来自拉丁语indicare，意为“指出，标明”
例句：The red light indicates that you must stop.
固定搭配：indicate to（向…指出）
近义词：show, suggest, imply
landfill
词性：名词
中文意思：垃圾填埋场
英文释义：a place where waste material is buried underground in the ground
词源：landfill是land（土地）和fill（填充）的组合词，意为“用土地填充”
例句：The city built a new landfill to handle the growing amount of trash.
固定搭配：landfill site（垃圾填埋场）
近义词：dump, garbage dump
footwear
词性：名词
中文意思：鞋类，鞋子
英文释义：clothing for the feet, such as shoes, boots, sandals, etc.
词源：footwear是foot（脚）和wear（穿戴）的组合词，意为“脚的穿戴物”
例句：She has a wide collection of footwear for different occasions.
固定搭配：athletic footwear（运动鞋）
近义词：shoes, boots, sandals
annually
词性：副词
中文意思：每年地，年度地
英文释义：occurring once every year
词源：来自拉丁语 "annualis"，意为“一年的”
例句：The company conducts an annual audit of its financial statements.
固定搭配：annually renewable lease（年租约）、annually adjusted rate（年化调整率）
近义词：yearly, per year
near-surface
词性：形容词
中文意思：接近地表的，近地表的
英文释义：close to the surface of the ground or water
词源：由 "near"（接近）和 "surface"（表面）组成
例句：The earthquake caused significant damage near the surface of the city.
固定搭配：near-surface geophysics（近地表地球物理学）、near-surface mining（近地表采矿）
近义词：shallow, subsurface
build-up
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：积累，建立，增强
英文释义：a process of gradually increasing in amount or intensity；the act of constructing something
词源：来自英语中的 "build"（建造）和 "up"（向上）的组合
例句：There has been a build-up of tension between the two countries.（两国之间的紧张局势逐渐加剧。）
固定搭配：build-up area（集结区）、build-up phase（积累阶段）、build-up of pressure（压力增加）
近义词：accumulation, increase, construction
pollutant
词性：名词
中文意思：污染物，污染物质
英文释义：a substance that causes pollution or contamination
词源：来自英语中的 "pollute"（污染）和 "ant"（后缀表示物或人）的组合
例句：The factory was fined for releasing pollutants into the river.（该工厂因向河流排放污染物而被罚款。）
固定搭配：air pollutant（空气污染物）、water pollutant（水污染物）、pollutant control（污染物控制）
近义词：contaminant, toxicant, waste material
flooding
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：泛滥，淹没，充满
英文释义：the act of covering or filling completely with water；a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
词源：来自古英语中的 "flodan"，意为“涌流”或“洪水”
例句：The heavy rain caused flooding in the streets.（大雨导致街道被淹。）
固定搭配：flooding waters（洪水）、flooding disaster（洪灾）、flooding risk（洪水风险）
近义词：inundation, deluge, overflowing
overflow
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：溢出，满溢，外流
英文释义：to flow over the edges of a container；a surplus or excess of something that cannot be contained within a particular space or time frame
词源：来自古英语中的 "oferflōwan"，意为“溢出”或“流出”
例句：The bathtub is overflowing because you left the tap running.（浴缸因为水龙头开着而溢出来了。）
固定搭配：overflow tank（溢流箱）、overflow pipe（溢流管）、overflow area（溢出区域）