中考英语二轮语法复习部分专题一 名词 课件

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中考英语复习语法知识梳理
专题一 名词
目录
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
数据链接 强化练习
3
数据透视 知识梳理
1
名词
名词的数
名词
名词所有格
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
名词的数与词形变换
考点一
情况 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加-s cap→caps bike→bikes
以字母s、sh、ch、x等结尾 加-es bus→buses wish→wishes
watch→watches box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,再加-es lady→ladies century→centuries
以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v,再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives
以o结尾 有的加-es,有的加-s tomato→tomatoes photo→photos
1.可数名词复数形式的规则变化
情况 构成方法 示例
复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 tooth brush→tooth brushes
两部分都变复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
特殊名词 改变内部元音字母 foot→feet　man→men
单复数同形 sheep→sheep　deer→deer
“各国人”名词 变复数 中日不变,英法变a为e,其余-s加后面 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen German→Germans
Australian→Australians
2.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
注意
集体名词public、police、family、team、group、class、crowd等表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示集体中的所有成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
分类 构成方法 示例
具体的量 数词或冠词+表数量的名词+ of+不可数名词 a piece of bread 一片面包
three kilos of meat 三千克肉
大概的量 表示数量的限定词(some、much、little、a little、a lot of等)+不可数名词 some water 一些水
a little milk 一点儿牛奶
3.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词的量化表达
物 质 名 词 食物 bread, meat(fish, chicken, mutton), rice, cheese, butter, chocolate
液体 milk, water, juice, orange, coffee, tea
原料、材料 cotton, glass, bamboo, plastic, wood, paper
其他 salt, sugar, sand, air, smoke, money
抽 象 名 词 情感 joy, anger, pride, fear, stress
学科、语言、 月份、 art, science, math, music, history, geography, physics, chemistry, Chinese, English, French, January, February, December　　
其他 time, weather, information, news, advice, knowledge, population
(2)常见的不可数名词
注意
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
拓展延伸
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 文件 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间 life 生命 生活
time 次/倍数 时间 wood 树林 木头
light 电灯 光线 work 作品 工作
名词所有格
考点二
类别 构成方法 示例
单数名词 加’s my son’s pen我儿子的钢笔
复数名词 以s结尾加’ parents’ love父母的爱
不以s结尾加’s the children’s books 孩子们的书
表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Tom and Jim’s room
汤姆和吉姆(共有)的房间
表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s pens.
麦克和约翰(各自)的钢笔
1.’s 所有格
注意
“基数词+连字符+可数名词单数”,一般作定语修饰名词,它相当于“基数词+名词所有格”。
如:a two-week trip = a two weeks’ trip
为期两周的旅行
a ten-minute walk = a ten minutes’ walk
十分钟的路程2. of所有格
2. of 所有格
构成:名词+of+名词
用法:(1)表示无生命的名词的所属关系。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
(2)表示部分与整体的关系。
The bottom of the sea is beautiful. 海底很漂亮。
注意
2. of 所有格
(3)用于人或有生命的东西,表示所属关系,特别是当所有者有较长的定语时。
The name of the brave young man was still unknown.
这位勇敢的年轻人的名字仍然不被人所知。
‘s所有格和of所有格有时可以互换。
如:the girl’s story = the story of the girl 这个女孩的故事
3.双重所有格
构成:of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词
用法:当冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词与名词所有格同时修饰一个名词时,要用双重所有格。
如:a friend of my father’s　我爸爸的一个朋友
a new friend of mine　我的一个新朋友
注意
(1)双重所有格和一般所有格表达的意思有所不同。如:
a photo of Lily 莉莉(本人)的照片(照片上的人就是莉莉)
a photo of Lily’s 莉莉(拥有)的照片(照片上的人不一定是莉莉)
(2)名词所有格后跟表示住宅、店铺、诊所等名词时,这些表示住宅、店铺、诊所的名词常被省略。如:
the Greens’ 格林夫妇的家
at the doctor’s 在诊所
数据链接 强化练习
3
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. (2022贵阳40题)People eat eggs on their birthday in some _________ (place) of China.
2. (2021贵阳41题)Parents and schools make _________ (rule) to help the students to become better and better.
3. The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn’t hide her _________ (sad).
一
二
三
place
rules
sadness
4. The question is a little difficult. Let’s have a __________ (discuss) about it.
5. For your own __________ (safe), please wear the seat belt.
6. Many __________ (hero) have set good examples for us to follow.
7. (2019贵阳89题)China has made great ___________ (achieve) since it opened its doors to the outside world.
8. There are many __________ (different) between the twins. One is shy but the other is outgoing.
discussion
safety
heroes
achievements
differences
一
二
三
9. Some __________ (German) came to this International school last Friday.
10. When we were young, our parents often told us not to believe _________ (stranger) words.
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。
11.从学校到超市只需要步行20分钟,所以我经常步行去学校。
It is only __________ __________ walk from school to the supermarket, so I often go to school on foot.
Germans
strangers’
twenty
minutes’
一
二
三
12. 史蒂夫将要去法国学习,所以他正在问他朋友关于法国的餐桌礼仪。
Steve is going to France to study, so he is asking his friends about the ________ ________ in France.
13. 据我所知,在阳光学校总共有70名女老师。
As far as I know, there are 70 ________ ________ in total in Sunshine School.
table
manners
women
teachers
一
二
三
14. 珍妮认为在学校交朋友是容易的。
Jenny found it’s easy to ________ ________ at school.
15. 彼得和戴维的爸爸都会来加入篮球俱乐部。
Peter’s and ________ ________ will join the basketball club.
make
friends
David’s
fathers
一
二
三
16. As a country teacher, my main job is to help village students achieve their _________.
17. — Mike, what’s your _________ of raising so much money
— To help the poor students get good education.
18. The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger.
power　choice　goal　product　purpose
三、从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空。
goals
purpose
products
一
二
三
19. Some colors have the _________ to change our feelings. For example, blue can make us relaxed.
20. Taking part in outdoor activities is a good _________ for students to learn some survival(生存) skills.
power　choice　goal　product　purpose
power
choice
一
二
三
专题一 名词
语法知识专练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Thanks to his enough __________ (prepare), he made it at last.
2. At the age of 6, Mike became one of the youngest __________ (act) in this country.
3. Don’t have an __________ (argue) with your parents when you have conflicts with them.
preparation
argument
actors
三
二
一
4. Children are supposed to get 60 minutes of physical __________ (active) every day.
5. Edison was a famous __________ (invent) from America. He developed the first practical light bulb.
6. You should not give up. Instead, you should try to find a better _________ (solve).
activity/activities
solution
inventor
三
二
一
7. Shanghai Tower is the highest building in China, which is 632 meters in __________ (high).
8. I hear that one of the __________ (fisherman) bags was lost last night.
9. Who is the most famous __________ (art) in China at present
10. Children should be encouraged to tell the __________ (true)instead of telling a lie whenever they do something wrong.
height
fishermen’s
artist　 　
truth　 　
三
二
一
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空限填一词,缩写算一词)
11. 这个女孩处于极大危险之中。
The girl is in __________ __________.
12. 我需要一双运动鞋。
I need a pair of shoes __________ __________ .
13. 深圳的人口是多少
What’s the __________ __________ Shenzhen
great
for
danger
三
二
一
sports
population
of
14. 这个男孩想再吃一块蛋糕。
The boy wants to have __________ __________.
15. 音乐能够给我带来快乐和平静。
Music can bring me __________ and __________ .
16. (2023贵阳模拟)对学生而言,多阅读是提高语言能力的秘诀之一。
For students, reading more is __________ of the __________ of improving their language abilities.
another
joy
cake
三
二
一
peace
one
secrets
17. (2023黔东南)我们珍惜日常生活中和家人朋友一起度过的时间。
We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our ________ _________.
18. 知识源于质疑。
__________ comes from __________.
daily
life
Knowledge　 　
questioning 　
三
二
一
三、完形填空。
根据短文内容,从框内7个选项中选出能分别填入6个小题空白处的最佳选项。
能力提升
语篇提能
Chicago is a famous city in the US. If you have a(n) 19. ____ to go to the US, it is a good idea to visit Chicago.
In the US, Chicago is the third largest city. It is home to people from all over the world.
C
A. families　B. clothes　C. chance D. buildings　E. areas　F. visitors
三
二
一
People move to Chicago from different places to live with their 20. _____ or friends. They come to this city by train, plane or ship.
The centre of Chicago is named The Loop. You can see many tall 21. _____ here, even some of the tallest in the world. As you travel away from The Loop, you will find that there are places of different foreign cultures. But you can’t travel east out of The Loop because of Lake Michigan.
A
D
A. families　B. clothes　C. chance D. buildings　E. areas　F. visitors
三
二
一
When you travel south of The Loop, you will find 22. _____ like Chinatown. There, people from China celebrate many festivals as people in their hometown do. They also celebrate the holidays of the US.
Remember to take many 23. _____ with you when you go to Chicago. Why Because Chicago is called the Windy City.
E
B
A. families　B. clothes　C. chance D. buildings　E. areas　F. visitors
三
二
一