2024届高考英译一轮复习：定语从句讲解课件 (共18张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英译一轮复习：定语从句讲解课件 (共18张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-23 00:56:42 | ||
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(共18张PPT)
定语从句
五大基本句型：
1 、主+谓/
2 、主+谓+宾
3 、主+系+表
4 、主+谓+宾 1+宾 2
5 、主+谓+宾+补
定义从句概念及结构
1 、概念：在句中修饰名词、代词等起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句。
Tom is a student.He is in Class Two.
分类：
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用。 He has two sons who work in the same company.
2 、非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从 句往往由逗号隔开。He has two sons, who work in the same company.
3 、非限制性定语从句不仅可以指代先行词，还可以指代前面所说的一句话，译为“这件事”。
He passed the exam,which made his mum happy.
定语从句的关系词：
定语从句的关系词根据所起作用分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三种作用：连接主
从句；替代先行词；在从句中作成分。
考点 关系词 先行词 在从句中的作用
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
关系代词的高频考点：
1 、只用 that 而不用 which 的情况：
(1) 人和物共同作先行词时
例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
(2) 先行词为 all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one 等不定代词时 例：You should hand in all that you have.
(3) 先行词被 the only,the very,the same,any,few,little,no,all 等词修饰时 例：This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.
(4) 先行词前有最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
(5) 先行词前有序数词修饰或是先行词为序数词时
例：This train is the last that will go to Tianjin.
What is the first movie that you have seen
(6) 主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时
例：Who is the boy that won the gold medal
2 、只用 which 而不用 that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中
例：He gave me a gift,which made me very happy.
(2) 介词提到关系词前时
例:This is the house in which he once lived.
(二) who 与 whom 的区别
(三) whose 与 of which/whom 的用法
M r. King, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
M r. King, the legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
There are 20 students in the room, 10_________are girls.
He wrote many novels, none translated into English.
(四) as 的用法
1 、只用 as 不用 which 的情况
(1) 定语从句位于主句前面时，只用 as 不用 which
As you see,the Chinese people are very hard-working.你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。
(2) 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常只用 as 不用 which.从句谓语动词通常为 be known ,be said, be announced, be mentioned，如果主句行为动词为主动语态，一般用 which 作主语。
例：She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，这在意料之中
例：Tom has made rapid progress ,which makes me very happy.汤姆进步很快，这使我很高兴。
(3) 常与一些固定搭配一同出现。如：the same as 、such as 等
例：This book is not such as I expect.这不是我想要的书。
例：I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。
(4) As 还用在习惯用语中
as is often the case 像往常一样
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well-known=as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
六．关系副词 (介词+关系代词) 的高频考点
( 一) When
1 .I will never forget those days we spent together. I will never forget those days we studied together.
2.Between the two parts of the concert there is an interval
the audience can buy some drinks.
3. Gone are the days we Chinese people were looked down upon.
4.There are many occasions he has time to spend with his family.
5 . 先行词是时间，which 后面常加time ，by 表示过去完成时
I left my office at 5:30, most of my collegues had already left.
6. The book came out in the 1990s, great changes have taken place.
(二) Where
1 .The factory we visited is large. The factory we worked is large.
2、当先行词为表示模糊地点的 stage、business、case、circumstance、condition、phase、point、 position 、situation 、state、job、journey 、race 、activity 、work 等不作明确地点时，用关系副词 where。
Their child is at the stage where he can say individual words but not full sentences．
(三) why (for which)
1 、This is the reason he explained.
2 、This is the reason he was late.
七、“介词+关系代词 (介词提前) ” 、“介词+关系副词”引导定语从句
(1) 介词提前
情况 1:为了句意完整、准确. (介词根据与先行词的搭配在句意中的意思)
This is the ship she went to Shanghai.
A.by which B.of which C.on which D.with which
情况 2: 根据介词和定语从句中动词/形容词的搭配。
①Is this the car you paid a high price.
A. which B. for which C. at which D. to which
(2) 介词+关系副词
①She stood behind the door she could see what happened outside..
②China is the birthplace of kites, kites-flying spread to Japan, Korea.
3 、The way 后加定语从句，关系词用 in which/that/不填．
4 、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
The news you told me is true.
The news you won the game is true.
定语从句
五大基本句型：
1 、主+谓/
2 、主+谓+宾
3 、主+系+表
4 、主+谓+宾 1+宾 2
5 、主+谓+宾+补
定义从句概念及结构
1 、概念：在句中修饰名词、代词等起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句。
Tom is a student.He is in Class Two.
分类：
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用。 He has two sons who work in the same company.
2 、非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从 句往往由逗号隔开。He has two sons, who work in the same company.
3 、非限制性定语从句不仅可以指代先行词，还可以指代前面所说的一句话，译为“这件事”。
He passed the exam,which made his mum happy.
定语从句的关系词：
定语从句的关系词根据所起作用分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三种作用：连接主
从句；替代先行词；在从句中作成分。
考点 关系词 先行词 在从句中的作用
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
关系代词的高频考点：
1 、只用 that 而不用 which 的情况：
(1) 人和物共同作先行词时
例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
(2) 先行词为 all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one 等不定代词时 例：You should hand in all that you have.
(3) 先行词被 the only,the very,the same,any,few,little,no,all 等词修饰时 例：This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.
(4) 先行词前有最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
(5) 先行词前有序数词修饰或是先行词为序数词时
例：This train is the last that will go to Tianjin.
What is the first movie that you have seen
(6) 主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时
例：Who is the boy that won the gold medal
2 、只用 which 而不用 that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中
例：He gave me a gift,which made me very happy.
(2) 介词提到关系词前时
例:This is the house in which he once lived.
(二) who 与 whom 的区别
(三) whose 与 of which/whom 的用法
M r. King, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
M r. King, the legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
There are 20 students in the room, 10_________are girls.
He wrote many novels, none translated into English.
(四) as 的用法
1 、只用 as 不用 which 的情况
(1) 定语从句位于主句前面时，只用 as 不用 which
As you see,the Chinese people are very hard-working.你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。
(2) 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常只用 as 不用 which.从句谓语动词通常为 be known ,be said, be announced, be mentioned，如果主句行为动词为主动语态，一般用 which 作主语。
例：She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，这在意料之中
例：Tom has made rapid progress ,which makes me very happy.汤姆进步很快，这使我很高兴。
(3) 常与一些固定搭配一同出现。如：the same as 、such as 等
例：This book is not such as I expect.这不是我想要的书。
例：I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。
(4) As 还用在习惯用语中
as is often the case 像往常一样
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well-known=as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
六．关系副词 (介词+关系代词) 的高频考点
( 一) When
1 .I will never forget those days we spent together. I will never forget those days we studied together.
2.Between the two parts of the concert there is an interval
the audience can buy some drinks.
3. Gone are the days we Chinese people were looked down upon.
4.There are many occasions he has time to spend with his family.
5 . 先行词是时间，which 后面常加time ，by 表示过去完成时
I left my office at 5:30, most of my collegues had already left.
6. The book came out in the 1990s, great changes have taken place.
(二) Where
1 .The factory we visited is large. The factory we worked is large.
2、当先行词为表示模糊地点的 stage、business、case、circumstance、condition、phase、point、 position 、situation 、state、job、journey 、race 、activity 、work 等不作明确地点时，用关系副词 where。
Their child is at the stage where he can say individual words but not full sentences．
(三) why (for which)
1 、This is the reason he explained.
2 、This is the reason he was late.
七、“介词+关系代词 (介词提前) ” 、“介词+关系副词”引导定语从句
(1) 介词提前
情况 1:为了句意完整、准确. (介词根据与先行词的搭配在句意中的意思)
This is the ship she went to Shanghai.
A.by which B.of which C.on which D.with which
情况 2: 根据介词和定语从句中动词/形容词的搭配。
①Is this the car you paid a high price.
A. which B. for which C. at which D. to which
(2) 介词+关系副词
①She stood behind the door she could see what happened outside..
②China is the birthplace of kites, kites-flying spread to Japan, Korea.
3 、The way 后加定语从句，关系词用 in which/that/不填．
4 、定语从句与同位语从句的区别
The news you told me is true.
The news you won the game is true.