中考英语二轮语法复习部分 专题七 介词和介词短语 课件

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中考英语复习语法知识梳理
专题七 介词和介词短语
目录
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
数据链接 强化练习
3
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
考点一
时间介词
1. at、in、on、by与to
介词 用法 示例
at 通常用在具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前等 at 10:00 a.m. 在上午十点钟
at noon/night 在中午/晚上
表示在某个节日期间 at the Spring Festival 在春节期间
in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前 in December 在十二月 in winter在冬天
in 2018 在2018年 in the morning 在早上
in the future在将来
介词 用法 示例
on 表示在具体的某日(日期、星期几或节日当天) on October 7th 在十月七日
on Sunday 在星期天
on National Day在国庆节
表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上 on Monday morning 在星期一早上
by “最晚不迟于……;到……为止”,常与时间点连用 Lunch will be ready by 12:00.
午饭将在12点之前准备好。
to 表示时间范围,通常与from连用,意为“从……到……” from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.
从早上八点到下午3点
2. 其他常见时间介词
介词 用法 例句
before before+时间点,表示“在……之前” I’ll arrive in Hangzhou before 11:00 a.m. 我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。
after after+时间点,常与一般将来时连用 She’ll come back after 5:00 p.m.
她将在下午五点后回来。
after+时间段,常与一般过去时连用 He came back from London after a week.
一周后他从伦敦回来了。
介词 用法 例句
for “for +一段时间”表示持续多久,常和延续性动词连用于现在完成时的句子中。“for +一段时间”通常用来回答how long引导的疑问句 The movie has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始10分钟了。
since “since +时间点”表示“自……以来”,常用于现在完成时 I have studied in this school since 2020. 自从2020年以来我就在这所学校学习。
介词 用法 例句
until 用在肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前的谓语动词多用延续性动词 He waited until midnight.
他一直等到半夜。
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词 He didn’t leave until midnight.
他直到午夜才离开。
during 意为“在……期间”,后接时间段 During the summer holiday, I like to go swimming with my friends.
在暑假期间,我喜欢和朋友们去游泳。
方位介词
考点二
1. at、in、on与to
介词 用法 示例
at 多接较小的地方或表示“在……附近,旁边” at home在家
at the station在车站
in 多接较大的地方或表示“在……范围之内 in China在中国
in Shanghai在上海
on 表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)或表示“在……上” Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
湖北在湖南的北边。
to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位 (不属于该范围) Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。
2. 其他常见方位介词(组)
介词 含义 示例
above 在……的上方(不一定垂直,两者不接触) The picture is above my bed.
这幅画在我的床的上方。
below 在……的下方(不一定垂直,两者不接触) The football is below my desk.
足球在我的桌子下方。
over 在……正上方(垂直,两者不接触) There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
under 在……正下方(垂直,两者不接触) There are many bikes under the trees.
树下有许多辆自行车。
介词 含义 例句
in front of 在……前面(外部) There are many flowers in front of our classroom.
我们的教室前面有许多花。
in the front of 在……的前面(内部) The teacher is standing in the front of our classroom.
老师正站在我们的教室的前面。
behind 在……后面 I sit behind Jenny.我坐在珍妮后面。
方式介词
考点三
1. 分数、倍数、小数、百分数、概数与确数
介词 用法 例句
with 后跟具体有形的工具或身体部位的 词;还可以表示“和……一起” Please do your homework with a pen.
请用钢笔写作业。
in 表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料 (语言、材料前不加冠词) Can you say it in English
你会用英语说它吗
by 表示用某种方式或手段,后接动词-ing形式或交通工具 I learn English by watching movies.
我通过看电影学习英语。
on 表示“通过网络、电视、收音机、 电话”等 They talk on the phone every day.
他们每天打电话交流。
其他常见介词
考点四
介词 用法 例句
about “关于”,常用于know、hear、learn等动词后 Could you tell me about your life
你能告诉我关于你的生活吗
“大约”,后常接数词 There are about six boats in the park. 公园里大约有六条船。
like “像……一样” “与……相似” I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. 我确信你知道建立这个团体就是为了帮助像我一样的残疾人。
“……怎么样”(指人或事物的品质特点) What is he like 他人怎么样
介词 用法 例句
like “例如” I like watching English movies like Titanic.
我喜欢看英文电影,比如《泰坦尼克号》。
as “作为/以……的身份”,后跟表示职业、职务的名词 She works as a worker. 她是一名工人。
for 表示目的,意为“为了”;表示对象,意为“给,对”;表示去向,意为“往,向” She studies for the future. 她为将来而学习。
There is a gift for you. 有一份礼物给你。
Is this bus for Guiyang 这辆公共汽车是去贵阳的吗
介词 用法 例句
against 表示“反对,违背;倚,靠;碰,撞;逆着;以……为背景” I am against her opinions.我不同意她的观点。
Put the piano there, against the door.
把钢琴放在那儿,靠着门。
to 表示“向;到” I walked to the office. 我走向办公室。
介词短语
考点五
类别 示例
at+n. at home在家　 at birth在出生时 at school在学校　
at table在用餐 at times偶尔;有时
in+n. in fact事实上　 in danger处于危险中 in trouble处于困境中
in class在课堂上 in person亲自　 in total总共　 in time及时
on+n. on foot步行　 on time准时　on duty值班 on weekends在周末　
on fair着火;失火 on business出差
by+n. by accident偶然　 by bike骑自行车 by mistake错误地　
by turn轮流地 by hand用手
其他介词短语 according to根据　 along with随着 instead of代替
because of因为 across from在……对面
一、用以下方位介词(短语)填空。
1. Beijing is ________ the north of China.
2. The twins usually stand ________ their parents, and their parents are in the middle.
3. There is a map of China ________ the wall of our classroom.
4. Before 2000, there was no airline ________ the two cities.
in, on, beside, in front of, behind, between, into
数据链接 强化练习
3
in
beside
on
一
二
between
5. The boy sitting __________ Tina, so she couldn’t see the film clearly.
6. She will leave her homework _______ the teacher’s desk after school today.
7. You must ride your bike _______ the right side of the road.
8. Mr. Smith lives _______ that building. His house is _______ the fifth floor.
9. There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _______ the room.
10. The boy is taller than his friend, so he sits _______ him in the classroom.
in front of
on
on
in
一
二
in, on, beside, in front of, behind, between, into
on
into
behind
安徒生的生平
Children all over the world are familiar with fairy tales 　11　 The Princess and the Pea and The Emperor’s New Clothes. The colorful characters 　12　 these stories made us laugh and cry throughout our childhood.
二、完形填空。
　　阅读下面一篇短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
B
D
一
二
( ) 11. A. for example　　　
B. such as
C. instead of
D. thanks to
( ) 12. A. for B. at
C. on D. from
安徒生的生平
Children all over the world are familiar with fairy tales 　11　 The Princess and the Pea and The Emperor’s New Clothes. The colorful characters 　12　 these stories made us laugh and cry throughout our childhood.
二、完形填空。
　　阅读下面一篇短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
B
D
一
二
( ) 11. A. for example　　　
B. such as
C. instead of
D. thanks to
( ) 12. A. for B. at
C. on D. from
( ) 13. A. in B. on
C. from D. towards
( ) 14. A. with B. after
C. at D. by
The stories are the creations of Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen. He was born in a poor family 　13　 Denmark on April 2nd,1805. His father was a shoemaker and his mother a washerwoman. He received very little education. As a child, he was very emotional and was often laughed 　14　 for being feminine (女子气的) and tall.
A
一
二
C
( ) 15. A. On B. At
C. For　 D. To
( ) 16. A. for B. as
C. of　 D. through
( ) 17. A. at B. in
C. on　 D. by
In 1816,his father died and Andersen was forced to go out to work, first in a tailor’s shop and then at a tobacco factory. 　15　 the age of 14, Andersen moved to Copenhagen to start a career 　16　 a singer and actor. He struggled for three years until he had to leave the theatre when his voice broke 　17　 the 1820s.
B
一
二
B
B
( ) 18. A. into B. across
C. out　 D. in
( ) 19. A. on B. in
C. for　 D. during
( ) 20. A. for B. from
C. of　 D. about
Afterwards, Andersen went to a grammar school. Having done well, he was admitted to Copenhagen University in 1828. He began to publish his fairy tales in 1835. They came 　18 　 in small volumes (量) until his death.
　Andersen passed away 　19　 August 4th,1875. His home in Odense is now a museum and thousands 　20　 people visit it every year.
C
一
二
A
C
专题七 介词和介词短语
语法知识专练
一、用介词in、at、on填空。
1. We watch CCTV news _______ 7 o’clock every evening.
2. _______ Sundays we often play games with our friends.
3. Daniel was born _______ a cold winter evening.
4. _______ Christmas, people sing and dance to celebrate it.
5. Children like flying kites _______ spring.
at
On
二
一
on
At
in
6. Students in China usually go to middle school _______ twelve or thirteen years old.
7. She always goes out for a walk after supper _______ the evening.
8. My birthday is _______ August 29th.
9. What do you often do _______ the weekend
10. They have a party _______ the evening of October 1st.
at
on
in
二
一
at/on
on
11. 在所有的科目中,英语对我来说是最难的。
English is the most difficult _______ _______ in all of the subjects.
12. 卢浮宫是塞纳河旁一座美丽而古老的宫殿。
The Louvre is a beautiful old palace _______ _______ the River Seine.
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空限填一词,缩写算一词)
for
二
一
me
next
to
13. 就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。
_______ _______ home, everyone would like to study in a clean classroom.
14. 丝绸之路是东西方文化间的桥梁。
The Silk Road is a bridge of cultures _______ the East _______ the West.
15.这部电影非常棒,除了结尾有点悲伤。
The movie is wonderful, _______ _______ the ending is a little sad.
Just
二
一
like
between
and
except
that