中考英语二轮语法复习部分 专题十三 非谓语动词 课件

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中考英语复习语法知识梳理
专题十三 非谓语动词
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导航
数据透视 知识梳理
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数据共享 考点聚焦
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数据链接 强化练习
3
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
考点一
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的基本形式
动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形(不定式符号to有时可以省略),否定形式为:not+ to+动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独作谓语。
功能 用法 例句
作主语 不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。其结构为: It’s +adj. (+for/of sb.)+动词不定式. It’s easy for me to do it well. 对于我来说,可以轻易地把它做好。
作宾语 ①作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。常见的后面接动词不定式的动词(短语): agree、afford、decide、expect、help、hope/wish、learn、manage、offer、prefer、prepare、 pretend、 plan、promise、refuse、want等 ② find、think等后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。　　
I can’t afford to buy the ring.
我买不起这枚戒指。
I find it hard to finish the task on time. 我发现按时完成这项工作很难。
功能 用法 例句
作宾语补足语 ①常见的后面接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有: advise、allow、ask、expect、force、help、invite、teach、tell、warn、want、would like ②在make、let、see、feel、hear等使役动词或感官动词后,不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能省略) Can you teach me to swim 你能教我游泳吗
I saw him cross the street. /He was seen to cross the street. 我看见他穿过了街道。
作表语 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语 To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
作定语 不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面 Would you like something to eat 你想要些吃的东西吗
功能 用法 例句
作状语 表目的 I went to the store to buy some food.
我去商店买了些吃的。
表原因 I’m sorry to trouble you. 我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。
表结果 He was too excited to say a word.
他太激动了,以至于一句话也说不出来。
功能 用法 例句
和疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词what、which、when、where、how连用,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分 I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说些什么。
“疑问词+不定式”这一结构常用于tell、know、advise、teach、find out、decide、discuss等动词(短语)后, 充当宾语 I haven’t decided where to go for my summer holiday.
我还没决定去哪里过暑假。
动名词
考点二
1.动名词的形式
动名词由“动词原形+ -ing ”构成,它与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。
用法 说明 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,如果是并列的动名词(短 语) 作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。
作宾语 作动词宾语,表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性动作 The girl practices playing the piano every day.这个女孩每天练习弹钢琴。
作介词宾语,表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性动作,要注意to在短语中作介词的情况 I am looking forward to meeting her.我盼望着和她见面。
用法 说明 例句
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换为作主语 My work is cleaning the house.
= Cleaning the house is my work.
我的工作是打扫房间。
作定语 只表明所修饰词的用途等,位于所修饰的词之前 She is in the reading room.
她在阅览室里。
有些动词(短语)后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词,但意义有很大不同：
stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做)
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘了做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘了要去做某事(未做)
go on doing sth.继续做某事(正在做)
go on to do sth.继续做别的事(去做另一件事)
注意
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义) (=sth. need(s) to be done)
need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)
regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔（已做）
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.设法（努力）做某事
分词
考点三
1.分词的形式
　　分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“v.+-ing”构成, 有主动或进行时之意;过去分词由“v.+-ed”构成,有被动或完成时之意。
2. 现在分词的句法功能　　
用法 说明 例句
作定语 单个分词作定语常位于所修饰词前面,分词短语作定语常位于所修饰词的后面 Do you know the boy playing on the playground 你认识在操场上玩耍的男孩吗
作状语 现在分词作伴随状语,其逻辑主语为句子的主语 The worker came into the room, carrying a heavy box.这位工人搬着一个重箱子进入了房间。
用法 说明 例句
作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征 The movie is very interesting.
这部电影非常有趣。
作宾 语补 足语 宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行 I saw the boy dancing when I passed by.
当我经过的时候,我看到这个男孩在跳舞。
3. 过去分词的句法功能　　
用法 说明 例句
作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时,可表示时间、伴随、原因、结果、让步、条件等 The teacher came in, followed by some students. 老师进来了,后面跟着一些学生。
作定语 表示被动或完成,单个分词置于所修饰词前,分词短语则后置 He is an unexpected visitor.
他是个不速之客。
作表语 过去分词表示某种状态 The girl was excited about the news.
这个女孩对这则消息感到兴奋。
作补足语 过去分词作补足语,被补充说明的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系) My mom wants to have her hair cut.
我妈妈想把头发剪了。
数据链接 强化练习
3
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Lily spent two days _________ (finish) her homework during the National Day holiday.
2. If you talk with others about your problem, you’re halfway to _________ (solve) it.
3. The teacher’s help made it possible for me _________ (make) so much progress.
finishing
solving
to make
一
二
三
4. To protect endangered animals, we have made another law against _________ (kill) them.
5. (2023金昌) You’re expected _________ (shake) hands when meeting people for the first time in China.
6. Mr. Wu always encourages us _________ (realize) our dream through hard work.
killing
to shake
to realize
一
二
三
7. (2023黑龙江) When we learn English, we must pay attention to ____________ (pronounce) the words correctly.
8. The shy girl always avoids _________ (work) in places which are too public.
9. This moment is so valuable that it is worth _________ (record).
10. What difficulty do you have _________ (explain) what you want to your parents
pronouncing
working
recording
explaining
一
二
三
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。
11. 每一个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。
Everyone should _________ a part in _________ the earth.
12. 这句格言总是提醒我在深思熟虑前不要冒险(行事)。
This old saying always reminds me not to _________ _________ _________ before thinking over and over again.
play
saving
take
一
二
三
a
risk
13. (2023贵阳云岩区校级一模)借助在线地图,人们很容易找到世界上的一个地方。
It is quite easy for people _________ _________ a place in the world with the help of the online map.
14. 我们的老师总是告诉我们,在学习中不要逃避任何困难。
Our teacher always tells us not _______ ________ away from any difficulty.
15. 我读杨绛的《我们仨》时,忍不住潸然泪下。
I can’t ________ ________ when reading We Three written by Yang Jiang.
to
find
to
一
二
三
keep
help
crying
三、短文填空。
阅读下面短文,在各题空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am an English teacher 16. ________ (name) Jeff. Let me tell you something about how 17. ________ (learn) English.
　I started 18. _______________ (study) English by myself when I was about fifteen. Michael Jackson has been my idol(偶像)since 1991, and I really wanted 19. _____________ (understand) him and his music. I used to learn the words in his music with dictionary.
named
to learn
一
二
三
studying/to study
to understand
Although it’s not easy at first, I was very patient, and that helped me a lot in the process of 20. ________ (learn) English.
　　There was a lot of work to do 21. ________ (learn) English, but I never felt tired. First, I learned about pronunciation, which was the hardest part for me. And music was my only source(来源) of spoken English. Sometimes I had to use a pronunciation dictionary. Then I made lists of words 22. ______________ (remember) their spellings and their meanings.
learning
to learn
to remember
一
二
三
I spent lots of hours 23. ________ (learn) English grammar. What’s more, I read a lot. And I also tried my best 24. ______________ (translate) texts, dialogues and songs. Because of my effort, I made great progress in English.
　In the end, I entered a college and had a great chance 25. ________ (improve) my English. Now I am an English teacher. And I am still making progress in English.
learning
to translate
to improve
一
二
三
专题十三 非谓语动词
语法知识专练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. (2023江苏) The firemen had no choice but _________ (break) the window.
2. (2023湖南) I’ve decided _________ (stay) away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical exam.
3. (2023达州) The old saying “A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.” means we should learn from mistakes and avoid _________ (make) the same mistakes again.
4. (2023甘肃) Let me _________ (tell) you about my favorite book.
to break
to stay
二
一
making
tell
5. Amy practices _________ (play) the piano twice a week.
6. (2023黑龙江)I’ll spend as much time as I can _________ (help) in an old people’s home.
7. Her mother told her _________ (take) out the rubbish after lunch.
8. You’re supposed _________ (keep) quiet in the library.
9. Our English teacher often encourages us _________ (study) hard.
10. (2023黑龙江)When we learn English, we must pay attention to ___________ (pronounce) the words correctly.
playing
to take
helping
二
一
to keep
to study
pronouncing
11. (2023山东)尝试想想那些令你开心的时光。
Try to _________ _________ the days that make you happy.
12. 我们将一起努力实现梦想。
We’ll work together to make our dreams _________ _________.
13. (2023贵州69题)向他人学习并自我提升对我们极其重要。
_________ _________ others and improving ourselves is essential for us.
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空限填一词,缩写算一词)
think
二
一
about
come
true
Learning
from
14. 志愿者们可以去医院看望生病的孩子,以便他们振作起来。
Volunteers could visit the sick kids in the hospital to _________ them _________ .
15. 登山者的精神向我表明我不应该放弃对实现自己梦想的努力。
The spirit of climbers shows me that I should never give up trying to _______________ my _________________.
16. 我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。
My biggest _________ is learning how to _________ at the dinner table.
cheer
二
一
up
achieve/realize
dream(s)
challenge
behave
17. 对孩子们要经常进行道路安全教育以避免交通事故的发生。
Young children are often taught road _________ to _________ traffic accidents.
18. 夏令营让孩子们开心、交朋友、体验新事物。
Summer camp is a place for kids to _________ _____________, make new friends and experience new things.
safety
二
一
avoid
have/enjoy
fun/themselves
19. 同学们都期待着在这次考试中取得好成绩。
The students are all looking _________ to _________ well in this exam.
20. 环境在日益恶化,人们必须开始采取行动改善它。
The environment is getting worse. People have to start _________ _________ to improve it.
forward
二
一
doing
taking
action