中考英语二轮语法复习部分 专题十四 复合句 课件

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中考英语复习语法知识梳理
专题十四 复合句
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数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
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数据链接 强化练习
3
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
考点一
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词
引导词 作用 例句
that 陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,无词义,常省略 I believe that he will come to help me.我相信他会来帮助我。
if/whether 一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用whether/if引导,意为“是否”。在从句中不作成分,不可省略 He asked me if I had finished my homework.他问我是否已经完成了作业。
引导词 作用 例句
连接代词(what、who、whom、whose、which等) 特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,连接代词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等,不能省略 Nobody knows what will happen next.没有人知道接下来将会发生什么事。
连接副词(when、where、why、 how等) 特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,连接副词在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略 Mary asked me where I bought my dress.玛丽问我在哪里买的裙子。
2. 宾语从句的时态
时态规律 例句
主句为现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,根据实际情况使用相应的时态 We all know that Danny used to be shy.我们都知道丹尼过去内向。
主句为过去(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),宾语从句相应地用过去的某种时态 I asked Jim if he would go with me.
我问吉姆是否要和我一起去。
从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,用一般现在时 Our physics teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.我们物理老师告诉我们光传播得比声音快。
3.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序, 即按照“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。
Where does Jeff come from Do you know
= Do you know
你知道杰夫从哪里来吗
4.否定转移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时, 宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句中来。
I think Class One will win the game. (变为否定句)
→ I don’t think Class One will win the game.
我认为一班不会赢得比赛。
1.在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为ask、remember、forget、learn、know、tell、teach、show等,且后面接双宾语,从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时,从句可简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结构。
Could you tell me how I can get to the library
=Could you tell me how to get to the library
你能告诉我如何去图书馆吗
注意
2.以“Could you …”开头的句子中,could通常仅表示委婉语气, 不表示过去时,从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。
Could you repeat what you said please
您能重复一下您刚才说了什么吗
Could you tell me what your report is about
能告诉我你的报告是关于什么的吗
状语从句
考点二
类型 从属连词 例句
时间状语从句(表明主句动作发生的时间) when/while/as 当……时; before 在……之前; after 在……之后; since 自从; until/till 直到; as soon as 一……就…… When I got home, my sister was doing her homework.
当我到家的时候,我妹妹正在做作业。
条件状语从句(表明主句动作发生的条件) if 如果; as long as 只要; unless 除非; once 一旦; in case 假使 We are going on a trip this Saturday unless it rains heavily.除非下大雨,否则我们这周六去旅游。
类型 从属连词 例句
原因状语从句(表明主句动作发生的原因、理由) because 因为; since 既然; as 由于 I like to eat apples because they are good for my health.
我喜欢吃苹果,因为苹果对我的健康有益。
目的状语从句(表明行事目的) so that 以便,为了; in order that 为了 You’d better speak louder so that we can hear you.
你最好说话大声一些,以便我们都能听到。
结果状语从句(表明主句动作发生后的结果) so that 结果是; so … that/such … that 如此……以至于…… I was so tired that I didn’t want to say a word.我如此累,以至于一句话都不想说了。
类型 从属连词 例句
让步状语从句(表示非正常或相反条件下的结果) though/although 尽管,虽然; even if 即使;whatever 无论什么; wherever 无论哪里; whenever 无论何时; however 无论如何; whichever 无论哪一个 He created many pieces of great music though he was a deaf man.
虽然他耳聋,但是他创作了很多美妙的音乐。
比较状语从句(表示程度的相同或不同) than 比……; as … as 和……一样; not as/so … as 不如……; the more … the more 越……越…… She’s as good an actress as she is a singer.
她当演员和当歌手一样出色。
①在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中注意时态要用一般现在时代替将来时。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will fly kites in the park.
如果明天不下雨,我们要去公园放风筝。
注意
②if 的不同用法
if作“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句,从句的时态由事实决定;作“假如,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从句,此时若主句为将来时或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时。
I don’t know if my uncle will come this weekend. If he comes, I’ll be very happy.
我不知道我叔叔这周末会不会来。如果他来了,我会很开心的。
③when 的不同用法
含有when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时。when引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句是陈述语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态。
I don’t know when my father will come back, but I’ll tell you when he comes back.
我不知道我父亲什么时候回来,但是他回来时我会告诉你。
考点三
宾语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词,根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(when、where、why)。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
关 系 代 词 that 主语、宾语、表语 人、物 I don’t like the persons(that) often complain.
我不喜欢那些经常抱怨的人。
who 主语、宾语、表语 人 The person who was here yesterday is a musician.昨天来这儿的那个人是个音乐家。
whom 宾语 人 The boy (whom)Tom is talking to is my cousin.汤姆正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。
which 主语、宾语、表语 物 The boy likes the toy car (which) his mother bought for him.小男孩喜欢他妈妈为他买的那辆玩具汽车。
whose 定语 人、物 The room whose window is open is mine.
开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
关 系 副 词 when 状语 时间 I’ll never forget the days when we worked together.我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的日子。
where 地点 Guizhou is the place where he was born.
贵州是他出生的地方。
why 原因 Can you explain the reason why you were late
你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
1.关系代词that、which、who、whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。
I like the dress (which/that) my sister bought for me.
我喜欢姐姐给我买的连衣裙。
2.在定语从句中,关系代词that、who、which等作主语时,谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。
The boys who are playing basketball are my friends.
正在打篮球的男孩们是我的朋友。
3.定语从句的关系词只用that的情况:
(1)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(2)当先行词是all、little、much、none、everything、anything、nothing等指物的不定代词时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
我能为你做点什么吗
(3)当先行词前有the very、the only、the last等修饰时。
This will be the last chance that he can get.
这将会是他能得到的最后机会。
(4)当先行词既有人也有物时。
I will remember the people and things that move me in my life forever.我将永远记住那些在我的生命中感动我的人和事。
(5)当主句是以疑问词who、which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday
哪本是他昨天从图书馆借的书
数据链接 强化练习
3
一、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。
1. 约翰告诉我他已经完成他的作业了。
John told me ________ he ________ finished his homework.
2. 我想知道怎样才能成功地完成这个任务。
I wonder ________ ________ finish the task successfully.
that
had
how
一
二
to
3. 直到他妈妈回家他才去睡觉。
He ________ go to bed ________ his mom came back home.
4. 我叔叔一到德国就会给我打电话。
My uncle ________ call me as soon as he ________ in Germany.
5. 他努力工作是为了他的家人能过上更好的生活。
He works hard ________ ________ his family can live a better life.
didn’t
until
will
一
二
arrives
so
that
二、完形填空。
阅读下面短文,从框内6个选项中选出能分别填入5个小题空白处的最佳选项。
Next time when you’re in a public place, take a look around you. And count how many people are using their phones. I can tell you now that it is probably more than half, 6. _____ you are on a bus, in a cafe or simply walking down the street.
一
二
D
A. if　B. which　C. what D. whether　E. who　F. that
I’m not saying 7. _____ I am an example of this, but it always amazes me how people can spend so much time on their phones without talking to others. Has it gone too far
　　Recently, my smartphone 8. _____ was from my brother broke and had to be sent off for repair for a week or so. I had to use a really old, basic phone just to keep me in touch with my family and friends.
F
B
一
二
A. if　B. which　C. what D. whether　E. who　F. that
It allowed me to spend more time enjoying my time in London and watching the people around me and really see 9. _____ was going on.
However, I knew that 10. _____ I got my smartphone back I would be one of those people once again. Perhaps I should just go back to using the basic phone and forget I ever got my smart-phone back.
C
A
一
二
A. if　B. which　C. what D. whether　E. who　F. that
专题十四 复合句
语法知识专练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Then he took out several pieces of paper and then________ (lay) them in order.
2. My teacher always says that English ________ (be) a helpful subject.
3. She said her father ________ (be) twenty-eight years older than her.
4. He said the article ________ (serve) as a useful starting point for our discussion.
laid
is
二
一
was
served
5. Don’t worry about your son. He _____________ (remind) to take the medicine after he wakes up.
6. Most of the students think three years of junior high school life ________ (be) not long.
7. My friend ____________ (who) I have mentioned before is coming here.
8. The teacher said that the earth ________ (move) round the sun.
will be remained
who/whom
is
二
一
moves
9. If the famous writer ________ (come) to our school tomorrow, we will having a meeting instead of having classes.
10. What do you think ____________ (happen) to John if he finds his car missing
11. Jim promised he ____________ (return) the books on time but he failed.
12. We all know that 1,000 metres ________ (make) one kilometre.
comes
would return
will happen
二
一
makes
13. 我们应该努力学好英语,以便能向全世界讲述中国故事。
We should try to learn English well ________ ________ we can tell the stories of China to the whole world.
14. (2022贵阳52题)孔子是一位对中国教育有着深远影响的思想家。
Confucius is a thinker ___________________ a far-reaching influence on Chinese education.
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空限填一词,缩写算一词)
so
二
一
that
who/that has (had)
15. (2023重庆)这些书太有趣了,孩子无法停止阅读。
These books are ________ interesting ________ the children can’t stop reading them.
16. 我对朱丽了解越多,就越意识到我们有许多共同点。
The ________ I got to know Julie, the ________ I’ve realized that we have a lot in common.
17. 你一旦对别人许下诺言,就要尽力信守承诺。
Once you ________ ________ to others, you should try your best to keep them.
that
二
一
so
more
more
make
promise
18. 我奶奶在看电视的时候睡着了。
My granny ________ asleep while she was ________ TV.
19.学好英语,以便我们能够与世界分享中国故事。
Learn English well ________ ________ we can share Chinese stories with the world.
20. 我的外国朋友们想知道十二月是否是去海南旅游的最佳时期。
My foreign friends ________ __________ December is the best time to visit Hainan.
fell
二
一
watching
so
that
wonder
if/whether