东城区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末统一检测
高三英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When 19-year old Alice Dickinson found out her father had cancer, her ___1___ was a little different than you might expect. To honor her father, who she also describes as her best friend, she decided to start a book drive called For Love, ___2___ books for kids with cancer.
“It was very much an overnight idea,” she explains. “I posted a message on an app asking my neighbors for used book donations. I was only expecting a few here and there, but the response was truly ___3___ and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my sadness rather than letting it ___4___ me.”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad ___5___ cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day, but the book drive allowed me to ___6___ a newfound sense of purpose mixed with an even greater sense of sympathy and desire to help others. I wanted to help ___7___. They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”
Using the ___8___ she earns from working at her parents’ bread shop, Alice has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition, she receives donations through her online wishlist. Alice spent a whole summer driving around town, loading boxes of books into her car. “It was such a unique experience to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations, and they wanted to ___9___ them to my cause.”
The project has seen a huge ___10___, with For Love donating over 15,000 books and being widely recognized by the media.
1. A. suffering B. explanation C. response D. treatment
2. A. writing B. promoting C. reading D. collecting
3. A. appropriate B. incredible C. familiar D. immediate
4. A. excuse B. consume C. dismiss D. touch
5. A. throw off B. keep from C. look into D. go through
6. A. evaluate B. develop C. regain D. provide
7. A. kids B. neighbors C. friends D. parents
8. A. credit B. interest C. awards D. tips
9. A. gift B. lend C. submit D. mail
10. A. market B. profit C. success D. demand
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered ___11___ poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona ___12___ (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for ___13___ (you),” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity ___14___(eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at ___15___(recommend) levels gained 3-4 years of life compared to those ___16___ were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live ___17___(long) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour ___20___ (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Modules
Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024)
Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024)
Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024)
Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks.
◇Live Components
Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below:
◇Reading the four modules’ content. You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study.
◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments. Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered.
21. What is the main aim of the course
A. To improve the lives of young people. B. To connect the youth around the world.
C To collect innovative ideas from young people. D. To build up the youth’s global leadership ability.
22. What will participants do in each module
A. Read great works of literature. B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning.
C. Make videos for the United Nations. D. Have online meetings with UN experts.
23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______.
A. take part in the discussions B. post questions on each module
C. copy the PDF version of the content D. answer all the test questions correctly
B
When I first heard about the improv(即兴表演) classes, I was torn. As an introvert, I feared getting on stage and improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.
During our first class, we learned a core concept of improv: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and continue with the scene as if no him is wrong.
I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, “Mom is going to be so mad.” Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day. I finally landed on an answer: “Yes, we’re going to be late for dinner.” The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet and even started to enjoy our classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn’t police my words with quite so much effort. I also became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.
That training proved useful 6 months ago, when my experiments generated unreasonable data. Early on in graduate school, I would get stuck when this happened; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the possibility that the results were real, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my Ph.D. so far.
All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth investigating whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived(预想的) story. Our job is to say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the author take the improv classes
A. To improve her logical mind. B. To finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. To develop her communication skills. D. To pursue her interest in performance.
25. How did the author feel during the first scene
A. Conflicted. B. Bored. C. Discouraged. D. Embarrassed.
26. According to the author, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failures B. make a new discovery
C. make up for a mistake D. correct unreasonable data
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. The unknown can be an inspiration. B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfortunate can be a chance. D. The unusual can be decisive.
C
When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them.
Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voice s are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition.
28. Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to ______.
A. assess humans potential B. simplify problems quickly
C. accept possible good ideas D. get the most out of individuals
29. What does the underlined word “lopsided” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A. Informal. B. Unbalanced. C. Improper. D. Unpleasant.
30. The author writes this passage mainly to ______.
A. challenge a conclusion B. make a comparison
C advocate a practice D. introduce a research
D
Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There’ll be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future.
That’s why we should be promoters of new technology—without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control.
AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations.
Actually, it’s beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100．But don’t ever expect mass emigration (移民) from Earth. It’s a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming Mars.
Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they’ll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It’s they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era (时代).
If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligences they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe.
But let’s re focus from the science fiction of the far future. closer to the here and now. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours—holds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution (演化), even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand, humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential.
If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide.
31. Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph
A. To reply to governments’ decisions. B. To show scientists’ prediction ability.
C. To present a call for scientific advances. D. To highlight the challenges to scientists.
32. According to this passage, AI can ______.
A. put an end to climate change B. make mass human emigration possible
C. speed up the competition in medical fields D. bring about potential threats from big companies
33. As for the future, what does the author agree with
A. Post-humans will repeat the history of humans.
B. Complex intelligence will dominate the universe.
C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer space.
D. Non-biological brains may invite unforeseen disasters.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Could AI Save Us B. Will Science Lead Evolution
C. Arc Space Adventurers Pioneers D. Is Complex Intelligence Coming
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Comfort Food
Certain foods always give us much pleasure. ___35___ However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them.
___36___ That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do.
Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. ___37___ And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.
___38___ Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache.
In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. ___39___ And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children.
A. Food is essential for our survival.
B. These associations can go the other way, too.
C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.
D. It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment.
E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.
F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived.
When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”
I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent.
Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.
Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become.
Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone.
40. What does “nomophobia” refer to
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia” (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua东城区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末统一检测
高三英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When 19-year old Alice Dickinson found out her father had cancer, her ___1___ was a little different than you might expect. To honor her father, who she also describes as her best friend, she decided to start a book drive called For Love, ___2___ books for kids with cancer.
“It was very much an overnight idea,” she explains. “I posted a message on an app asking my neighbors for used book donations. I was only expecting a few here and there, but the response was truly ___3___ and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my sadness rather than letting it ___4___ me.”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad ___5___ cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day, but the book drive allowed me to ___6___ a newfound sense of purpose mixed with an even greater sense of sympathy and desire to help others. I wanted to help ___7___. They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”
Using the ___8___ she earns from working at her parents’ bread shop, Alice has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition, she receives donations through her online wishlist. Alice spent a whole summer driving around town, loading boxes of books into her car. “It was such a unique experience to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations, and they wanted to ___9___ them to my cause.”
The project has seen a huge ___10___, with For Love donating over 15,000 books and being widely recognized by the media.
1. A. suffering B. explanation C. response D. treatment
2 A. writing B. promoting C. reading D. collecting
3. A. appropriate B. incredible C. familiar D. immediate
4. A. excuse B. consume C. dismiss D. touch
5. A. throw off B. keep from C. look into D. go through
6. A. evaluate B. develop C. regain D. provide
7. A. kids B. neighbors C. friends D. parents
8. A. credit B. interest C. awards D. tips
9. A. gift B. lend C. submit D. mail
10 A. market B. profit C. success D. demand
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自美国马里兰州的19岁的爱丽丝·狄金森发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，为患有癌症的孩子收集书籍的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当19岁的爱丽丝·狄金森发现她的父亲得了癌症时，她的反应和你想象的有点不同。A. suffering痛苦；B. explanation解释；C. response反应；D. treatment对待。根据下文“she decided to start a book drive called For Love”可知，此处是指面对父亲的疾病她的“反应”有点不同。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了纪念她的父亲，她也称父亲是她最好的朋友，她决定发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，为患有癌症的孩子收集书籍。A. writing写；B. promoting促进；C. reading读；D. collecting收集。根据上文“she decided to start a book drive called For Love,(她决定发起一场名为“为了爱”的图书募捐活动，)”可知，此处是指“收集”图书。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只期待着这里和那里的一些，但反应真的令人难以置信，这正是我需要与悲伤共存的动力，而不是让悲伤吞噬我。A. appropriate合适的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. immediate立刻的。上文“I was only expecting a few here and there,(我只期待着这里和那里的一些，)”提到了作者的期望不高，再根据空格前的but可知，上下文之间是转折关系，所以此处指反应是“令人难以置信的”。故选B项。
4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excuse原谅；B. consume消耗、吞噬；C. dismiss解雇；D. touch触摸。上文“it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my sadness(这正是我需要与悲伤共存的推动力)”提到了要与悲伤共存，再根据rather than可知，此处应该与上文相反，是指而不是让悲伤“吞噬”我。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：看着父亲与癌症作斗争，看着他每天都失去一点自我，这绝对令人心碎，但这次图书募捐活动让我产生了一种新的使命感，同时也产生了更强烈的同情心和帮助他人的愿望。A. throw off摆脱；B. keep from阻止；C. look into调查；D. go through通过。根据上文 heartbreaking和空格后的cancer可知，此处是指看到父亲“经历、经受”癌症，是令人心碎的。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evaluate评价；B. develop发展，产生；C. regain重新获得；D. provide提供。根据下文“I wanted to help(我想帮助)”可知，此处是指“产生了”一种使命感。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想帮助孩子们。A. kids小孩；B. neighbors邻居；C. friends朋友；D. parents父母。根据上文“books for kids with cancer.”和下文“They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart(他们一直是我心中的软肋)”可知，此处是指想帮助“孩子们”。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝用在父母的面包店里打工挣来的小费，自掏腰包买了许多书。A. credit信用；B. interest兴趣；C. awards奖励；D. tips小费。根据下文“Alice has bought many books out of her own pocket(爱丽丝自掏腰包买了许多书)”可知，此处是指使用打工挣来的“小费”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道人们世世代代都在携带这些书，他们想把它们献给我的事业，这是一种独特的经历。A. gift赠送；B. lend借出；C. submit提交；D. mail邮寄。根据上文“I posted a message on an app asking my neighbors for used book donations.”可知，此处是指他们把书“赠送、献给”作者的事业。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目取得了巨大的成功，“为了爱”捐赠了超过1.5万本书，并得到了媒体的广泛认可。A. market市场；B. profit利润；C. success成功；D. demand要求。根据下文“ For Love donating over 15,000 books and being widely recognized by the media.(捐赠图书15000多本，受到媒体广泛认可。)”可知，该项目取得了巨大“成功”。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered ___11___ poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona ___12___ (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for ___13___ (you),” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.”
【答案】11. in 12. reached
13. yourself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的女儿把祖母给她的生日钱捐给了贫困地区的人民。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：我六岁的女儿罗纳聚精会神地听着广播，讲述贫困地区人民所遭受的苦难。表示“在贫困地区”短语为in poor area。故填in。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：当礼物篮出来时，罗纳把手伸进口袋，拿出生日钱，放进篮子里。根据上文When the offering basket came around可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填reached。
【13题详解】
考查代词。句意：“你奶奶想让你用它给自己买点好东西，”我说。结合语境，此处表示“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity ___14___(eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at ___15___(recommend) levels gained 3-4 years of life compared to those ___16___ were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live ___17___(long) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
【答案】14. Eating##To eat
15. recommended
16. who 17. longer
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了长寿的一些秘诀，包括合理饮食、锻炼和积极心态等方面。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃正确的食物起着很大的作用。“(eat) the right food”作主语，eat应用非谓语动词；此处可用动名词作主语表一般情况，也可用不定式作主语表具体情况；句首单词首字母大写。故填Eating/To eat。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。此处应用非谓语动词作主语，recommend与其逻辑主语levels之间是被动关系，表示“被建议的水平”，用过去分词表被动。故填recommended。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
【17题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：此外，快乐和寿命之间也有联系——对生活持积极态度的快乐的人往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更长、更健康。结合句意和句中than their unhappy peers可推知，句中指对生活持积极态度的快乐的人比不快乐的同龄人“活得更长”，有比较级含义，用副词long的比较级形式longer。故填longer。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour ___20___ (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.
【答案】18. What
19. reviews
20. was observed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，已经发现176种鸟类用塑料袋和渔网等人类垃圾筑巢。科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。
【18题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：这项研究回顾了覆盖近35000个巢穴的研究，发现除南极洲外，所有大陆的鸟类都在巢穴中使用人造材料。根据后文and finds可知为一般现在时，主语为study，谓语用三单形式。故填reviews。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：尽管早在19世纪30年代就观察到了这种行为，但近年来这种行为无疑有所增加。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in the 1830s可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为behaviour，谓语用单数。故填was observed。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Modules
Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024)
Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024)
Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024)
Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks.
◇Live Components
Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below:
◇Reading the four modules’ content. You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study.
◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments. Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered.
21. What is the main aim of the course
A. To improve the lives of young people. B. To connect the youth around the world.
C. To collect innovative ideas from young people. D. To build up the youth’s global leadership ability.
22. What will participants do in each module
A. Read great works of literature. B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning.
C. Make videos for the United Nations. D. Have online meetings with UN experts.
23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______.
A. take part in the discussions B. post questions on each module
C. copy the PDF version of the content D. answer all the test questions correctly
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国训练研究所推出青年领袖在线培训计划，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. (为期四周的在线学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。)”可知，该课程的主要目标是培养青少年的全球领导能力。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据◇Live Components下面的“Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. (每个电子学习模块都将伴随与联合国专家的一系列现场会议。)”可知，参与者将在每个模块中与联合国专家举行在线会议。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS(完成要求)中的第二条“◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). (参与讨论板论坛)”可知，为了获得课程证书，参与者需要参与讨论，故选A。
B
When I first heard about the improv(即兴表演) classes, I was torn. As an introvert, I feared getting on stage and improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.
During our first class, we learned a core concept of improv: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and continue with the scene as if no him is wrong.
I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, “Mom is going to be so mad.” Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day. I finally landed on an answer: “Yes, we’re going to be late for dinner.” The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trail.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet and even started to enjoy our classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn’t police my words with quite so much effort. I also became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.
That training proved useful 6 months ago, when my experiments generated unreasonable data. Early on in graduate school, I would get stuck when this happened; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the possibility that the results were real, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my Ph.D. so far.
All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth investigating whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived(预想的) story. Our job is to say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the author take the improv classes
A. To improve her logical mind. B. To finish her Ph. D. assignment.
C. To develop her communication skills. D. To pursue her interest in performance.
25. How did the author feel during the first scene
A. Conflicted. B. Bored. C. Discouraged. D. Embarrassed.
26. According to the author, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.
A. accept failures B. make a new discovery
C. make up for a mistake D. correct unreasonable data
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. The unknown can be an inspiration. B. The unexpected can be rewarding,
C. The unfortunate can be a chance. D. The unusual can be decisive.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为提高自己的表达能力参加了一个即兴表演课程，在该课程中学习到了“是的，而且”原则，并将该原则应用到了自己的实验研究中，使得自己获得了意外的发现。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.(然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学传播者，所以这似乎是提高我的口语能力和获得自信的绝佳机会。)”可知，作者想通过该课程提高口语能力和获得自信。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene.(当我表演我的第一场戏时，我体会到了这有多困难。)”以及作者心理活动的描写“Mad about what My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car No, that’s too easy. We failed a test No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day.(生气什么？我的脑子里涌现出各种想法，但我内心的批判者把它们都否决了。我们把车弄坏了？不，那太简单了。我们考试不及格？不，你不想让你的同学在第一天就觉得你很蠢。)”可知，作者进行第一场即兴表演时体会到了即兴表演其实很难，在同学提出了话题之后对接下来的表演感到不知所措，很矛盾。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But then, after embracing the ‘yes, and’ concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected.(但是，在接受了“是的，而且”的概念之后，我没有气馁，而是继续探索数据，最终发现了一种新的细胞——一种不像预期的那样表现的细胞。)”可知，作者接受了“是的，而且”概念后，在做实验时没有气馁，继续探索，从而发现了一种新的细胞，即，这个概念帮助作者在实验中获得了新发现。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived story. Our job is to say ‘yes, and.’(作为科学家，我们的工作不是生成支持一个先入为主的故事的数据。我们的工作是说“是的，而且。”)”可知，作者用自己的亲身经历讲述了“是的，而且”带给自己的体验：作为科学家应该接受不可预测，有可能会带来意想不到的收获。由此可推知，通过该文章可以推理出B项“The unexpected can be rewarding.(意想不到的事情可能是有益的。)”。故选B项。
C
When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them.
Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voice s are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition.
28. Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to ______.
A. assess humans potential B. simplify problems quickly
C. accept possible good ideas D. get the most out of individuals
29. What does the underlined word “lopsided” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A. Informal. B. Unbalanced. C. Improper. D. Unpleasant.
30. The author writes this passage mainly to ______.
A. challenge a conclusion B. make a comparison
C. advocate a practice D. introduce a research
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. (在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lopsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. (组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。
D
Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There’ll be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future.
That’s why we should be promoters of new technology—without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control.
AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations.
Actually, it’s beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100．But don’t ever expect mass emigration (移民) from Earth. It’s a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming Mars.
Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they’ll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It’s they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era (时代).
If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligences, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe.
But let’s re focus from the science fiction of the far future. closer to the here and now. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours—holds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution (演化), even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand, humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential.
If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide.
31. Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph
A. To reply to governments’ decisions. B. To show scientists’ prediction ability.
C. To present a call for scientific advances. D. To highlight the challenges to scientists.
32. According to this passage, AI can ______.
A. put an end to climate change B. make mass human emigration possible
C. speed up the competition in medical fields D. bring about potential threats from big companies
33. As for the future, what does the author agree with
A. Post-humans will repeat the history of humans.
B. Complex intelligence will dominate the universe.
C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer space.
D. Non-biological brains may invite unforeseen disasters.
34 Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Could AI Save Us B. Will Science Lead Evolution
C. Arc Space Adventurers Pioneers D. Is Complex Intelligence Coming
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There’ll be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future. (科学家对未来的预测能力很差。但有两种趋势是可以自信预测的。首先，世界将变得更加拥挤。到2050年，人口将超过90亿。其次，世界将变暖，一些政府不会优先考虑应对气候变化所需的长期措施，尽管科学为我们提供了低碳未来的路线图。)”和第二段“That’s why we should be promoters of new technology—without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. (这就是为什么我们应该成为新技术的推动者——没有它，世界就无法为不断增长的人口提供所需的粮食和可持续能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到这两种趋势是为了呼吁大家发展科学新技术。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations. (毫无疑问，人工智能在未来会变得更具侵入性。我们的行动、健康和财务交易记录将存储在云端中。这些数据可能被用于正当的原因，如蛋白质折叠和药物开发，或者警告我们最初的健康风险，但互联网公司可以使用这些数据，已经将权力平衡从政府转移到全球规模的公司。)”可知，人工智能会使人类处于来自于全球规模的大公司的威胁。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligences, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological “brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe. (如果后人类从血肉之躯转变为完全人工智能，他们将不需要一个引力均匀的大气层，所以在深太空中——即使在火星上，非生物“大脑”也可能发展出我们无法想象的力量。他们最终可能会在精神上与我们不同。人工智能可能会引发巨大的移民潮，从而使越来越复杂的智能在宇宙中传播。)”可知，作者认为完全人工智能可能存在于外层空间。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide. (如果科学要拯救我们，我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。)”可知，本文主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Comfort Food
Certain foods always give us much pleasure. ___35___ However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them.
___36___ That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do.
Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. ___37___ And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.
___38___ Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache.
In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. ___39___ And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children.
A. Food is essential for our survival.
B. These associations can go the other way, too.
C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.
D. It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment.
E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.
F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.
【答案】35. E 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Certain foods always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据下文“That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived.
When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”
I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent.
Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.
Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become.
Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone.
40. What does “nomophobia” refer to
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia” (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones.
41. Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up.
42. According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone.
According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone.
43. To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为 According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
This is Li Hua from English Club and I’m writing to invite you to be a judge for our upcoming activity themed “Beautiful Translations of Tang Poetry”.
The event, which will start at the beginning of next term, aims to offer students an opportunity to show their competence in English and promote Chinese culture by translating Tang poetry into English. As a judge, you will evaluate the entries based on fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the top 5 translations.
Your deep interest in Tang Poetry and expertise in English will make you an ideal judge for this event. Would you like to join us We’re really looking forward to that.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。假设考生是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
旨在：aim to→ attempt to
能力：competence→ capacity
提升：promote→ facilitate
挑选：select → pick out
2.句式拓展
简单句变为复合句
原句：As a judge, you will evaluate the entries based on fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the top 5 translations.
拓展句：As a judge who has deep interest in Tang Poetry, will evaluate the entries based on fluency, accuracy and literary technique, and select the top 5 translations.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The event, which will start at the beginning of next term, aims to offer students an opportunity to show their competence in English and promote Chinese culture by translating Tang poetry into English. (which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]I’m writing to invite you to be a judge for our upcoming activity themed “Beautiful Translations of Tang Poetry”.(themed在句中作后置定语)
