人教版（2019）必修 第二册UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS单元综合检测（含答案）
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UNIT 4 THE INTERNET综合检测提升练（含答案）
一、单词练。根据语境和汉语意思填合适的单词，注意单词变形。
1.With the purpose of enriching students’ school life，the festival focuses on Chinese culture and __________(习俗).
2.We paid a visit to the __________ (附近的) nursing home last Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
3.People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan，a Chinese __________ (诗人).
4.The power of the __________(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
5.Toward evening，as they __________ (靠近) the port，the sky was misty.
6.Ensure that you get your battery __________ (充电) before you set off from your office.
二、派生单词练。语法填空
1.She wore a __________ expression on her face because she was __________ about a __________ problem.(puzzle)
2.We always dream of having a house __________ by trees，flowers and grass.If we can live in such beautiful __________，we must be happy every day.As is known，the __________ environment can always have a positive effect on us.(surround)
3.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to __________ your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of __________.(achieve)
4.Mary __________ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The __________ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
5.The meeting room is quite __________，with a lot of people __________ in it.(crowd)
6.Knowing some tips will help __________ (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.(2022·全国甲卷)
7.First of all，it __________ (locate) on the third floor and opens from 8：00 am to 5：30 pm on weekdays and 9：00 am to 4：00 pm at weekends.
8.She asked her grandfather，with a __________ (puzzle) frown on her face.
9.Now that they have made great __________ (achieve)，they are looking forward to the celebration __________ (eager).
10.Without your __________ (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such __________ (strike) progress.
三、短语练。根据语境填合适的短语。
1.Today，I’m honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports __________ my personal experiences.
2.If you plan on working out in a gym，the workout partner must __________ the same gym.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3.While visiting the palace，__________，and you will surely be rewarded with __________.
4.Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me __________ all of my friends and never contact them.
5.We are supposed to have specific dreams，which __________ our life.
四、句型练。
1.句型公式：It is＋adj.＋that...
你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night；___________________________________.
2.句型公式：if省略结构
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。(求助信)
There may be some mistakes in my composition._____________________________
3.句型公式：with复合结构
一看到这可怕的场景，他们吓得动弹不得，心怦怦直跳。(心理描写)
On seeing the frightening scene，they were too scared to move an inch，___________________________________.
五、话题阅读练。阅读理解
A
Top Wonders of the World
From India to Rome, these sights will inspire your next historical vacation.
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Constructed from 1632 to 1648, the property covers 42 acres, including its beautiful gardens.
Best time to go: Late spring and early summer in this part of India has often severe heat. Then come monsoons. November to February is your best chance for pleasant weather. The sunrises here are highly admired.
The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is the world’s longest wall and one of the most famous landmarks in China. Dating back to about 700 BCE, it stretches over 13,000 miles and was designed to protect the country from invaders.
Best time to go: Plan for a spring or fall trip when the weather is nicer and fewer people visit. Summertime is often hot and crowded, and winter can be extremely cold in northern China.
Petra
Located in the Kingdom of Jordan, Petra was built directly into the cliffside around 312 BCE by the Nabataeans. The city includes temples, tombs, and its most well-known building — the Treasury.
Best time to go: Summer can get very hot in Jordan, and winter is much colder than you may realize. Weatherwise, aim for spring or fall.
The Colosseum
The Colosseum remains Rome’s top attraction. Built in the first century by Emperor Vespasian, the massive theater spans 620 by 513 feet, which would hold 80,000 people.
Best time to go: You’ll find fewer tourists there during Rome’s low season (winter), weekdays and during the opening hour or near closing time. If you show up in summer at midday, it’s going to be hot!
1．What’s the best time to travel to Taj Mahal
A．March. B．July. C．October. D．December.
2．Which of the following has the longest history
A．Taj Mahal. B．The Great Wall. C．Petra. D．The Colosseum.
3．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．In a research paper. B．In a travel brochure.
C．In a science magazine. D．In a geography textbook.
B
Canberra, the capital of Australia, lies in the southeast of the country. From this city, it is about 240 kilometers to Sydney, and over twice the distance to Melbourne. The former faces the Pacific Ocean, and the latter is close to the Bass Strait through which ships from Sydney can enter the Indian Ocean.
When the Federal Government of Australia was founded in 1901, no one knew where Australia’s capital would be. The two cities of Melbourne and Sydney both wanted the honor. Instead, the founding fathers chose a piece of land between the two cities for the new capital. The government would build a new city called Canberra as the country’s capital.
In 1911, the government invited world leading architects to enter designs for Canberra in a contest. An architect from Chicago named Walter Burley Griffin won an international competition for the design of the new city. Construction began in 1913 but was interrupted by World War Ⅰ(1914—1918). Twenty four years later, the city was finished. But the government moved to this new city ten years before it was completed.
At one time, almost everyone in Canberra worked for the government. However, the city today has become a center of education and favorite place for tourists. Now people can hold a government job, or they can work in business. They also make a living by teaching or meeting the needs of tourists.
People find life in Canberra relaxing and pleasant. The city is surrounded by beautiful mountains where people can ski. There is a large man made lake lined with beaches and parks in the center of Canberra. Canberra is now Australia’s largest inland city. Many people living there have come from other cities in Australia and from other lands. They have come to Canberra to work. Some have come to escape the busier way of life found in many other cities.
4．According to the passage, how far away is Sydney from Melbourne
A．About 240 kilometers.
B．About 480 kilometers.
C．About 720 kilometers.
D．About 960 kilometers.
5．What can we know about Canberra from this passage
A．A lovely city to which no visitors can go only by sea.
B．A beautiful coastal city with beaches and parks.
C．The largest city and education centre in Australia.
D．A pleasant place with many mountains and lakes.
6．What does the underlined word “honor” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Being chosen as the capital city of Australia.
B．Building the city of Canberra.
C．Replacing Canberra as the capital city of Australia.
D．Offering funds to build the city of Canberra.
C
There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour. In particular, Chinese people sometimes attach more importance to their appearance and social status than to their inner qualities, while Westerners think the opposite. However, Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) and Confucius share significant similarities that are universal.
Both philosophers share several teachings in common; for example, their understanding of the nature of knowledge and their opinions on education. Socrates believed “There is only one good, knowledge;and only one evil, ignorance.” Similarly, Confucius said, “Isn’t it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned ” But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.”
However, there are important differences in their understanding of morality. Confucius believed each person should follow certain regulations according to virtue(德行). Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.” Socrates, however, places self-knowledge over social knowledge.
Another difference between them is their attitude towards political domination(支配). Confucius believed the best way to govern a country isn’t through legal system, but through virtue. Socrates, by contrast, declared that “nothing is more important than justice”.
Why have East and West developed such different cultural values A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration.
In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives.
7．What do the two philosophers share about knowledge
A．The learning of knowledge is easy. B．The learning of knowledge is endless.
C．A man without knowledge is foolish. D．A man shall not pretend to understand.
8．Which of the following reflects the thoughts of Confucius in terms of morality
A．Nothing is more important than a legal system.
B．I am not a Chinese, but a citizen of the world.
C．Not everyone should play his own role in society.
D．A man does what is proper to the position he is in.
9．What is the root cause of the differences between Eastern and Western cultural values
A．The difference in political atmosphere. B．The difference in the length of history.
C．The difference in economic development. D．The difference in levels of social dependency.
10．What is the passage mainly about
A．Reasons for similarities of Eastern and Western cultures.
B．The introduction of great figures of two different cultures.
C．Comparisons of the thoughts of the two great philosophers.
D．The contributions of two great philosophers to civilization.
参考答案
一、单词练。根据语境和汉语意思填合适的单词，注意单词变形。
1.With the purpose of enriching students’ school life，the festival focuses on Chinese culture and customs(习俗).
2.We paid a visit to the nearby (附近的) nursing home last Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
3.People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan，a Chinese poet (诗人).
4.The power of the individuals(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
5.Toward evening，as they approached (靠近) the port，the sky was misty.
6.Ensure that you get your battery charged (充电) before you set off from your office.
二、派生单词练。语法填空
1.She wore a puzzled expression on her face because she was puzzled about a puzzling problem.(puzzle)
2.We always dream of having a house surrounded by trees，flowers and grass.If we can live in such beautiful surroundings，we must be happy every day.As is known，the surrounding environment can always have a positive effect on us.(surround)
3.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)
4.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
5.The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it.(crowd)
6.Knowing some tips will help ensure (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.(2022·全国甲卷)
7.First of all，it is located (locate) on the third floor and opens from 8：00 am to 5：30 pm on weekdays and 9：00 am to 4：00 pm at weekends.
8.She asked her grandfather，with a puzzled (puzzle) frown on her face.
9.Now that they have made great achievements (achieve)，they are looking forward to the celebration eagerly (eager).
10.Without your generosity (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such striking (strike) progress.
三、短语练。根据语境填合适的短语。
1.Today，I’m honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports as well as my personal experiences.
2.If you plan on working out in a gym，the workout partner must belong to the same gym.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3.While visiting the palace，keep your eyes open，and you will surely be rewarded with a feast for the eyes.
4.Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
5.We are supposed to have specific dreams，which have a great influence on our life.
四、句型练。
1.句型公式：It is＋adj.＋that...
你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night；it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today.
2.句型公式：if省略结构
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。(求助信)
There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any，please help me point them out.
3.句型公式：with复合结构
一看到这可怕的场景，他们吓得动弹不得，心怦怦直跳。(心理描写)
On seeing the frightening scene，they were too scared to move an inch，with their hearts beating wildly.
五、话题阅读练。阅读理解
1．D 2．B 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了印度的泰姬陵、中国的长城、约旦的佩特拉和罗马的斗兽场四个旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Taj Mahal部分中“November to February is your best chance for pleasant weather.(11月到2月有你最好的好天气)”可知，去泰姬陵最好的时间是选项中的十二月。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Taj Mahal部分中“Constructed from 1632 to 1648(建于1632年至1648年)”、The Great Wall部分中“Dating back to about 700 BCE(可以追溯到公元前700年)”、Petra部分中“Petra was built directly into the cliffside around 312 BCE by the Nabataeans(佩特拉是在公元前312年左右由纳巴泰人直接建在悬崖边上的)”和The Colosseum部分中“Built in the first century by Emperor Vespasian(公元一世纪由维斯帕先皇帝建造)”可知，万里长城的修建时间可以追溯到公元前700年，是历史最悠久的建筑。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“From India to Rome, these sights will inspire your next historical vacation.(从印度到罗马，这些景点将激发你的下一个历史假期)”可知，文章推荐了四个旅游景点。由此推知，本文最有可能出自旅游宣传册。故选B项。
4．C 5．A 6．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚首都堪培拉的历史、位置、人民和环境。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“From this city, it is about 240 kilometers to Sydney, and over twice the distance to Melbourne. The former faces the Pacific Ocean, and the latter is close to the Bass Strait through which ships from Sydney can enter the Indian Ocean.(从这个城市到悉尼大约240千米，到墨尔本是这个距离的两倍多。前者面向太平洋，后者靠近巴斯海峡，来自悉尼的船只可以通过该海峡进入印度洋。)”可知，悉尼和墨尔本分别在堪培拉的北面和南面，堪培拉和悉尼之间约有240千米，和墨尔本之间的距离是到悉尼的2倍多，所以堪培拉和墨尔本之间的距离约480千米。由此可知，悉尼和墨尔本之间的距离约为240+480=720千米。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Canberra is now Australia’s largest inland city.(堪培拉现在是澳大利亚最大的内陆城市。)”可知，堪培拉是一个内陆城市，由此可推测出，这个城市不能只靠海路到达。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When the Federal Government of Australia was founded in 1901, no one knew where Australia’s capital would be. The two cities of Melbourne and Sydney both wanted the honor. (1901年澳大利亚联邦政府成立时，没有人知道澳大利亚的首都会在哪里。墨尔本和悉尼这两个城市都想要这一荣誉。)”可推测出，the honor指的是前面提到的成为澳大利亚首都这件事。故选A。
7．B 8．D 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.”(但两者也都承认知识的局限性。苏格拉底说:“我所知道的就是我一无所知。”孔子也说过：“知其事，持其事；当你不知道一件事的时候，允许你不知道它——这就是知识。”)”可知，两个哲学家认为知识的学习是无止境的。故选B。
8．推理判断题。从第三段的“Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.”(每个人都应该在人与人相互依存的社会中发挥自己的作用，以实现整个社会的和谐。例如，当被问及如何治理一个国家时，孔子说:“皇帝应该像皇帝一样，臣民应该像臣民一样。”)”可知，孔子的思想即“君君臣臣，父父子子”，每个人根据自己所处的位置扮演好自己的角色。D项“A man does what is proper to the position he is in.(一个人会做与他所处的地位相称的事。)”合乎题意。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Why have East and West developed such different cultural values A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration.(为什么东西方发展出如此不同的文化价值观 一个广为接受的理论认为东方文明是一种农业文明。因此，建立集体社会和与邻国建立友好关系的必要性非常强烈。然而，西方文明是游牧文明。他们的流动性使他们在移民后对社会的依赖程度降低。)”可知，东西方价值观的差异最本质的原因是社会依赖程度的不同。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour.(东西方在思维方式上有许多不同之处。其中许多都反映在日常行为中)”以及文章的最后一段“In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives.(尽管存在差异，但这两种文化的共同点多于不同点。苏格拉底和孔子的教义中对道德价值的共同关注也向我们展示了东西方文化在追求美德生活方面的更多基本相似之处。)”以及全文可知，文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。故选C。
一、单词练。根据语境和汉语意思填合适的单词，注意单词变形。
1.With the purpose of enriching students’ school life，the festival focuses on Chinese culture and __________(习俗).
2.We paid a visit to the __________ (附近的) nursing home last Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
3.People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan，a Chinese __________ (诗人).
4.The power of the __________(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
5.Toward evening，as they __________ (靠近) the port，the sky was misty.
6.Ensure that you get your battery __________ (充电) before you set off from your office.
二、派生单词练。语法填空
1.She wore a __________ expression on her face because she was __________ about a __________ problem.(puzzle)
2.We always dream of having a house __________ by trees，flowers and grass.If we can live in such beautiful __________，we must be happy every day.As is known，the __________ environment can always have a positive effect on us.(surround)
3.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to __________ your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of __________.(achieve)
4.Mary __________ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The __________ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
5.The meeting room is quite __________，with a lot of people __________ in it.(crowd)
6.Knowing some tips will help __________ (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.(2022·全国甲卷)
7.First of all，it __________ (locate) on the third floor and opens from 8：00 am to 5：30 pm on weekdays and 9：00 am to 4：00 pm at weekends.
8.She asked her grandfather，with a __________ (puzzle) frown on her face.
9.Now that they have made great __________ (achieve)，they are looking forward to the celebration __________ (eager).
10.Without your __________ (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such __________ (strike) progress.
三、短语练。根据语境填合适的短语。
1.Today，I’m honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports __________ my personal experiences.
2.If you plan on working out in a gym，the workout partner must __________ the same gym.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3.While visiting the palace，__________，and you will surely be rewarded with __________.
4.Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me __________ all of my friends and never contact them.
5.We are supposed to have specific dreams，which __________ our life.
四、句型练。
1.句型公式：It is＋adj.＋that...
你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night；___________________________________.
2.句型公式：if省略结构
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。(求助信)
There may be some mistakes in my composition._____________________________
3.句型公式：with复合结构
一看到这可怕的场景，他们吓得动弹不得，心怦怦直跳。(心理描写)
On seeing the frightening scene，they were too scared to move an inch，___________________________________.
五、话题阅读练。阅读理解
A
Top Wonders of the World
From India to Rome, these sights will inspire your next historical vacation.
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Constructed from 1632 to 1648, the property covers 42 acres, including its beautiful gardens.
Best time to go: Late spring and early summer in this part of India has often severe heat. Then come monsoons. November to February is your best chance for pleasant weather. The sunrises here are highly admired.
The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is the world’s longest wall and one of the most famous landmarks in China. Dating back to about 700 BCE, it stretches over 13,000 miles and was designed to protect the country from invaders.
Best time to go: Plan for a spring or fall trip when the weather is nicer and fewer people visit. Summertime is often hot and crowded, and winter can be extremely cold in northern China.
Petra
Located in the Kingdom of Jordan, Petra was built directly into the cliffside around 312 BCE by the Nabataeans. The city includes temples, tombs, and its most well-known building — the Treasury.
Best time to go: Summer can get very hot in Jordan, and winter is much colder than you may realize. Weatherwise, aim for spring or fall.
The Colosseum
The Colosseum remains Rome’s top attraction. Built in the first century by Emperor Vespasian, the massive theater spans 620 by 513 feet, which would hold 80,000 people.
Best time to go: You’ll find fewer tourists there during Rome’s low season (winter), weekdays and during the opening hour or near closing time. If you show up in summer at midday, it’s going to be hot!
1．What’s the best time to travel to Taj Mahal
A．March. B．July. C．October. D．December.
2．Which of the following has the longest history
A．Taj Mahal. B．The Great Wall. C．Petra. D．The Colosseum.
3．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．In a research paper. B．In a travel brochure.
C．In a science magazine. D．In a geography textbook.
B
Canberra, the capital of Australia, lies in the southeast of the country. From this city, it is about 240 kilometers to Sydney, and over twice the distance to Melbourne. The former faces the Pacific Ocean, and the latter is close to the Bass Strait through which ships from Sydney can enter the Indian Ocean.
When the Federal Government of Australia was founded in 1901, no one knew where Australia’s capital would be. The two cities of Melbourne and Sydney both wanted the honor. Instead, the founding fathers chose a piece of land between the two cities for the new capital. The government would build a new city called Canberra as the country’s capital.
In 1911, the government invited world leading architects to enter designs for Canberra in a contest. An architect from Chicago named Walter Burley Griffin won an international competition for the design of the new city. Construction began in 1913 but was interrupted by World War Ⅰ(1914—1918). Twenty four years later, the city was finished. But the government moved to this new city ten years before it was completed.
At one time, almost everyone in Canberra worked for the government. However, the city today has become a center of education and favorite place for tourists. Now people can hold a government job, or they can work in business. They also make a living by teaching or meeting the needs of tourists.
People find life in Canberra relaxing and pleasant. The city is surrounded by beautiful mountains where people can ski. There is a large man made lake lined with beaches and parks in the center of Canberra. Canberra is now Australia’s largest inland city. Many people living there have come from other cities in Australia and from other lands. They have come to Canberra to work. Some have come to escape the busier way of life found in many other cities.
4．According to the passage, how far away is Sydney from Melbourne
A．About 240 kilometers.
B．About 480 kilometers.
C．About 720 kilometers.
D．About 960 kilometers.
5．What can we know about Canberra from this passage
A．A lovely city to which no visitors can go only by sea.
B．A beautiful coastal city with beaches and parks.
C．The largest city and education centre in Australia.
D．A pleasant place with many mountains and lakes.
6．What does the underlined word “honor” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Being chosen as the capital city of Australia.
B．Building the city of Canberra.
C．Replacing Canberra as the capital city of Australia.
D．Offering funds to build the city of Canberra.
C
There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour. In particular, Chinese people sometimes attach more importance to their appearance and social status than to their inner qualities, while Westerners think the opposite. However, Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) and Confucius share significant similarities that are universal.
Both philosophers share several teachings in common; for example, their understanding of the nature of knowledge and their opinions on education. Socrates believed “There is only one good, knowledge;and only one evil, ignorance.” Similarly, Confucius said, “Isn’t it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned ” But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.”
However, there are important differences in their understanding of morality. Confucius believed each person should follow certain regulations according to virtue(德行). Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.” Socrates, however, places self-knowledge over social knowledge.
Another difference between them is their attitude towards political domination(支配). Confucius believed the best way to govern a country isn’t through legal system, but through virtue. Socrates, by contrast, declared that “nothing is more important than justice”.
Why have East and West developed such different cultural values A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration.
In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives.
7．What do the two philosophers share about knowledge
A．The learning of knowledge is easy. B．The learning of knowledge is endless.
C．A man without knowledge is foolish. D．A man shall not pretend to understand.
8．Which of the following reflects the thoughts of Confucius in terms of morality
A．Nothing is more important than a legal system.
B．I am not a Chinese, but a citizen of the world.
C．Not everyone should play his own role in society.
D．A man does what is proper to the position he is in.
9．What is the root cause of the differences between Eastern and Western cultural values
A．The difference in political atmosphere. B．The difference in the length of history.
C．The difference in economic development. D．The difference in levels of social dependency.
10．What is the passage mainly about
A．Reasons for similarities of Eastern and Western cultures.
B．The introduction of great figures of two different cultures.
C．Comparisons of the thoughts of the two great philosophers.
D．The contributions of two great philosophers to civilization.
参考答案
一、单词练。根据语境和汉语意思填合适的单词，注意单词变形。
1.With the purpose of enriching students’ school life，the festival focuses on Chinese culture and customs(习俗).
2.We paid a visit to the nearby (附近的) nursing home last Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
3.People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan，a Chinese poet (诗人).
4.The power of the individuals(个人) is limited，while the power of the masses is limitless.
5.Toward evening，as they approached (靠近) the port，the sky was misty.
6.Ensure that you get your battery charged (充电) before you set off from your office.
二、派生单词练。语法填空
1.She wore a puzzled expression on her face because she was puzzled about a puzzling problem.(puzzle)
2.We always dream of having a house surrounded by trees，flowers and grass.If we can live in such beautiful surroundings，we must be happy every day.As is known，the surrounding environment can always have a positive effect on us.(surround)
3.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)
4.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)
5.The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it.(crowd)
6.Knowing some tips will help ensure (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.(2022·全国甲卷)
7.First of all，it is located (locate) on the third floor and opens from 8：00 am to 5：30 pm on weekdays and 9：00 am to 4：00 pm at weekends.
8.She asked her grandfather，with a puzzled (puzzle) frown on her face.
9.Now that they have made great achievements (achieve)，they are looking forward to the celebration eagerly (eager).
10.Without your generosity (generous) and inspiration，I would not have made such striking (strike) progress.
三、短语练。根据语境填合适的短语。
1.Today，I’m honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports as well as my personal experiences.
2.If you plan on working out in a gym，the workout partner must belong to the same gym.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3.While visiting the palace，keep your eyes open，and you will surely be rewarded with a feast for the eyes.
4.Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
5.We are supposed to have specific dreams，which have a great influence on our life.
四、句型练。
1.句型公式：It is＋adj.＋that...
你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
You stayed up so late last night；it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today.
2.句型公式：if省略结构
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。(求助信)
There may be some mistakes in my composition.If any，please help me point them out.
3.句型公式：with复合结构
一看到这可怕的场景，他们吓得动弹不得，心怦怦直跳。(心理描写)
On seeing the frightening scene，they were too scared to move an inch，with their hearts beating wildly.
五、话题阅读练。阅读理解
1．D 2．B 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了印度的泰姬陵、中国的长城、约旦的佩特拉和罗马的斗兽场四个旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Taj Mahal部分中“November to February is your best chance for pleasant weather.(11月到2月有你最好的好天气)”可知，去泰姬陵最好的时间是选项中的十二月。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Taj Mahal部分中“Constructed from 1632 to 1648(建于1632年至1648年)”、The Great Wall部分中“Dating back to about 700 BCE(可以追溯到公元前700年)”、Petra部分中“Petra was built directly into the cliffside around 312 BCE by the Nabataeans(佩特拉是在公元前312年左右由纳巴泰人直接建在悬崖边上的)”和The Colosseum部分中“Built in the first century by Emperor Vespasian(公元一世纪由维斯帕先皇帝建造)”可知，万里长城的修建时间可以追溯到公元前700年，是历史最悠久的建筑。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“From India to Rome, these sights will inspire your next historical vacation.(从印度到罗马，这些景点将激发你的下一个历史假期)”可知，文章推荐了四个旅游景点。由此推知，本文最有可能出自旅游宣传册。故选B项。
4．C 5．A 6．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚首都堪培拉的历史、位置、人民和环境。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“From this city, it is about 240 kilometers to Sydney, and over twice the distance to Melbourne. The former faces the Pacific Ocean, and the latter is close to the Bass Strait through which ships from Sydney can enter the Indian Ocean.(从这个城市到悉尼大约240千米，到墨尔本是这个距离的两倍多。前者面向太平洋，后者靠近巴斯海峡，来自悉尼的船只可以通过该海峡进入印度洋。)”可知，悉尼和墨尔本分别在堪培拉的北面和南面，堪培拉和悉尼之间约有240千米，和墨尔本之间的距离是到悉尼的2倍多，所以堪培拉和墨尔本之间的距离约480千米。由此可知，悉尼和墨尔本之间的距离约为240+480=720千米。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Canberra is now Australia’s largest inland city.(堪培拉现在是澳大利亚最大的内陆城市。)”可知，堪培拉是一个内陆城市，由此可推测出，这个城市不能只靠海路到达。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When the Federal Government of Australia was founded in 1901, no one knew where Australia’s capital would be. The two cities of Melbourne and Sydney both wanted the honor. (1901年澳大利亚联邦政府成立时，没有人知道澳大利亚的首都会在哪里。墨尔本和悉尼这两个城市都想要这一荣誉。)”可推测出，the honor指的是前面提到的成为澳大利亚首都这件事。故选A。
7．B 8．D 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.”(但两者也都承认知识的局限性。苏格拉底说:“我所知道的就是我一无所知。”孔子也说过：“知其事，持其事；当你不知道一件事的时候，允许你不知道它——这就是知识。”)”可知，两个哲学家认为知识的学习是无止境的。故选B。
8．推理判断题。从第三段的“Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.”(每个人都应该在人与人相互依存的社会中发挥自己的作用，以实现整个社会的和谐。例如，当被问及如何治理一个国家时，孔子说:“皇帝应该像皇帝一样，臣民应该像臣民一样。”)”可知，孔子的思想即“君君臣臣，父父子子”，每个人根据自己所处的位置扮演好自己的角色。D项“A man does what is proper to the position he is in.(一个人会做与他所处的地位相称的事。)”合乎题意。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Why have East and West developed such different cultural values A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration.(为什么东西方发展出如此不同的文化价值观 一个广为接受的理论认为东方文明是一种农业文明。因此，建立集体社会和与邻国建立友好关系的必要性非常强烈。然而，西方文明是游牧文明。他们的流动性使他们在移民后对社会的依赖程度降低。)”可知，东西方价值观的差异最本质的原因是社会依赖程度的不同。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour.(东西方在思维方式上有许多不同之处。其中许多都反映在日常行为中)”以及文章的最后一段“In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives.(尽管存在差异，但这两种文化的共同点多于不同点。苏格拉底和孔子的教义中对道德价值的共同关注也向我们展示了东西方文化在追求美德生活方面的更多基本相似之处。)”以及全文可知，文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。故选C。