课件70张PPT。Unit 2 Healthy eating Research has shown that following a healthy eating plan can both reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure and lower an already elevated blood pressure.For an overall(整个的) eating plan, consider the DASH eating plan. “DASH” stands for “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension，” a clinical study that tested the effects of nutrients in food on blood pressure. Study results indicated that elevated blood pressures were reduced by an eating plan that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods and is low in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol(胆固醇). The DASH eating plan includes whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts and has reduced amount of fats, red meats, sweets, and sugared beverages(饮料)．A second clinical study, called “DASH-Sodium，” looked at the effect of a reduced dietary sodium(钠)intake on blood pressure as people followed either the DASH eating plan or a typical American diet. Results showed that reducing dietary sodium lowered blood pressure for both the DASH eating plan and the typical American diet. The biggest blood pressure-lowering benefits were for those eating the DASH eating plan at the lowest sodium level (1,500 milligrams per day)．The DASH-Sodium study shows the importance of lowering sodium intake whatever your diet. But for a true winning combination, follow the DASH eating plan and lower your intake of salt and sodium.Notes：
①elevate ['eliveit] vt. 提升，鼓舞
②nutrient ['nju：tri?nt] n. 营养品；adj.营养的
Read the passage carefully and judge the following sentences true(T) or false(F)．
1．Healthy eating may make some difference to blood pressure.
( )
2．The DASH eating plan aims to low fat. ( )
3．A typical American diet is a healthy one. ( )
4．High sodium intake will risk the high blood pressure. ( )
答案 1.T 2.F 3.F 4.TUnit 2 Healthy eating SectionⅠ Warming Up & Reading 课件（人教版必修3，课标通用）Ⅰ.阅读理解(根据Reading内容选择答案)
1．When Wang Peng thought “Nothing could be better”， he means ________.
A．his food and drink were the best
B．his food and drink were the worst
C．his food should have been improved
D．he could do nothing with his food and drink2．Why did Wang Peng go into the newly-opened restaurant?
A．Because he was angry.
B．Because he was curious.
C．Because he wanted to blame its owner.
D．Because he wanted to ask for advice.3．Wang Peng was amazed when he saw the menu of Yong Hui's restaurant because ________.
A．there were only raw vegetables and water served in Yong Hui's restaurant
B．there were more choices of food and drink served in Yong Hui's restaurant
C．the food and drink in Yong Hui's restaurant were more expensive than those in his restaurant
D．Yong Hui's menu gave customers more energy-giving food 4．Wang Peng suggested that they provide a combined menu because ________.
A．he liked Yong Hui
B．he didn't want to lose his customers
C．he thought his menu was better
D．this would provide a balanced diet5．What can we learn from Wang Peng's research in the library?
A．Wang Peng's restaurant offered a balanced diet.
B．Yong Hui's restaurant offered a balanced diet.
C．Both of the restaurants offered a balanced diet.
D．Neither of the two restaurants offered a healthy diet.
答案 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.DⅡ.短文填词(根据Reading内容完成短文)
Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very __1__(frustrate) for people were going to another newly-opened restaurant which only provided raw __2__ (蔬菜), fruit and water. What amazed him was that the food there cost more than __3__ in his own restaurant. After doing some research, he wrote his own sign to attract __4__ (顾客) back to his __5__. The next day Wang Peng's restaurant was nearly full, which made Yong Hui very __6__. Having had a good __7__(交谈), both of them realized the benefits and weak points of their own restaurants and thought to __8__ their menus and provide a __9__ (平衡的)menu. Finally they got married, working and living together __10__ (happy)ever after.答案 1.frustrated 2.vegetables 3.that 4.customers 5.restaurant 6.angry 7.conversation 8.combine
9．balanced 10.happilyⅢ.阅读表达(根据Reading内容完成下列各题)
1．What's the manin idea of the text？(Please answer within 30 words.)
____________________
2．Why did Wang Peng feel very frustrated at the restaurant?
(Please answer within 12 words.)
____________________
3．What made Wang Peng go into the new restaurant?
(Please answer within 3 words.)
____________________4．What's wrong with the diets of both Wang Peng and Yong Hui's restaurant? (Please answer within 25words.)
____________________
5．If you are a manager of a restaurant, what should you do?
(Please answer within 30 words.)
____________________答案 1.Wang Peng's restaurant became empty because a new one had taken his regular customers away, and he wanted to improve it to win his customers back. 2.Because there's no customer in his restaurant on that morning.
3．Curiosity 4.Wang Peng's diet contains too much fat, not enough fibre; Yong Hui's diet does not contain enough energy so people will feel tired quickly. 5.As a manager of a restaurant, I will serve my customers the healthy foods which are full of energy and fibre.Besides, the prices will be acceptable for most customers.Ⅳ.教材研读
一、重点单词熟记
1．________ n. 日常饮食→vi.节食
2．________ n．坚果；果仁
3．________ n. 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
4．________ adj.给予保护的；保护的
5．________ n. 黄瓜
6．________ n. 茄子
7．________ vt.平衡；权衡→n.天平；平衡
8．________ adj. 烤制的→vt.&vi.烤；烘；烘烤
9．________ vi.变细；减肥→苗条的；纤细的10．________ n. 好奇心
11．________ adj. 生的；未加工的
12．________ n. 谎话；谎言→vi.说谎
13．________ n. 顾客；消费者
14．________ n. 折扣
15．________ n．缺点；虚弱；弱点
16．________ n. 强项；长处；力量
答案 1.diet 2.nut 3.muscle 4.protective 5.cucumber 6.eggplant 7.balance 8.roast 9.slim 10.curiosity 11.raw 12.lie 13.customer 14.discount
15．weakness 16.strength二、重点短语探究
1．balanced ________ 平衡膳食
2．ought ________ 应该；应当
3．lose ________ 体重减轻；减肥
4．get away ________ 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚
5．tell ________ lie 说谎
6．win________ 赢回；重新获得
答案 1.diet 2.to 3.weight 4.with 5.a 6.back三、教材佳句背诵
1．“Nothing ________ ________ ________，” he thought.
“再没有比这些更好吃的了，”他想。
2．Something terrible ________ ________ ________ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他的店里来吃饭，那问题一定严重了。3．He ________ ________ ________ Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！
答案 ①could be better ②must have happened ③could not have1．diet n．日常饮食vi.节食
(教材原句) Everybody has to eat，but do you eat a healthy diet？(P9)
每个人都要吃饭，但是你的饮食是健康的吗？
【句法分析】 这是一个并列句。并列连词but连接的句子表示前后意思转折。【用法归纳】
n．日常饮食；规定的食物；食谱
People who are on a diet mustn't have chocolate.
正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。
vi.节食
I've been dieting for three months and I've lost 5 kilograms.我节食三个月，减了5公斤。
a balanced diet均衡的饮食be on a diet/go on a diet控制饮食
put sb on a diet使某人节食
I really ought to go on a diet.I've put on so much weight since I gave up jogging.
我真应该节食了。自从我放弃慢跑后，我的体重已经增加了这么多。【辨析】diet/food【典例剖析】
—Do you have ________ sweet tooth?
—I used to, but now I'm on ________ diet.
A．a; the B. /; a C．/；/ D．a; a
解析 句意：——你喜欢甜食吗？——曾经喜欢，但现在我在节食。have a sweet tooth“喜欢甜食”；be on a diet“节食”。
答案 D【即境活用】
完成句子
①医生严格限制我的饮食，因为我太胖了。
The doctor puts me ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， for I'm too fat.
②我们必须节食并多锻炼。
We ________ ________and take more exercise.
答案 ①on a very strict diet ②must diet2．balance vt.平衡；权衡n.天平；平衡balanced adj. 平衡的；和谐的；安定的
(教材原句)What will happen to you if you don't eat a balanced diet？(P9)
你如果没有均衡的饮食将会怎么样？
【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。从句是由连词if连接的条件状语从句，主句由what引导。 【用法归纳】
keep one's balance保持平衡
lose one's balance失去平衡
out of balance不平衡
balanced adj.平稳的；安定的；和谐的
The boy stepped on the skins of bananas, so he lost his balance and fell down.
这个男孩踩上了香蕉皮，结果身体失去平衡，摔倒了。
It is important to keep the balance of the development of economy and the protection of environment.
发展经济与保护环境保持平衡是很重要的。【助记】【典例剖析】
She has to learn to ________ work efficiency with good human relationship.
A．balance B．improve C．raise D．increase
解析 考查动词。句意：她必须学会在工作效率和良好的人际关系中保持平衡。balance“平衡；权衡”；improve“改进；提高；改善”；raise“提高；筹集”；increase“增加；加大”。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①他妈妈告诉他饮食均衡的重要性。
His mother told him the importance of ________ ________ ________.
②为了保持自然平衡我们应该反对污染环境。
We should fight against the pollution to ________ ________ ________ of nature. ③起初，当我们滑冰时，我们学着如何保持身体平衡。
To begin with，we learn how to ________ ________ ________ when skating.
答案 ①a balanced diet ②keep the balance ③balance our body3．lose weight体重减轻；减肥
(教材原句)Want to lose weight？(P10)
想变瘦吗？
【句法分析】 这是一个省略句。句子省略了主语，补全为Do you want to lose weight?【用法归纳】
put on/gain weight体重增加
watch one's weight控制体重
have a weight problem太胖；体重过胖
After quitting smoking, he has put on weight.
他戒烟后体重增加了。
Don't give me anything to eat; I have to watch my weight.
别给我吃的了，我得控制体重。【典例剖析】
—Would you like some more chicken?
—No, thanks.I am ________ a diet and try to ________ weight.
A．on; lose B．on; put on
C．in; have D．in; lose
解析 考查短语搭配。句意：——你还要鸡肉吗？——不，谢谢。我在节食，努力减肥。be on a diet “节食”；lose weight“减肥”，两者均为固定搭配。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①发胖很容易，但是减肥很难。
It is easier to ________ ________ ________， but it is quite difficult to ________ ________.
②他是一个举足轻重的人。
He's a man ________ ________ ________.
答案 ①put on weight; lose weight ②that carries/has weight4．curiosity n．好奇心；好奇
(教材原句)Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.(P10)
好奇心驱使王鹏走了进去。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。句子主语为Curiosity；谓语是drove；宾语是Wang Peng。 【用法归纳】
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity好奇地
have/show curiosity about sth 对……好奇
be curious to do sth好奇地做……
be curious about sth对……感到奇怪Will you satisfy my curiosity and tell me how much it costs？你能不能满足我的好奇心，告诉我那值多少钱？
The reporter asked the famous singer some personal affairs out of curiosity.
那记者出于好奇问了那位著名歌手一些个人问题。
It was curious that she didn't tell anyone.
她没有告诉任何人，这很奇怪。【典例剖析】
People have always been ________ about exactly how life on earth began.
A．curious B．excited
C．anxious D．careful
解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们一直对于地球生命的起源感到好奇。be curious about“对……感到好奇”。
答案 A 【即境活用】
完成句子
①她只是出于好奇打开了这封信。
Just ________ ________ ________， she opened the letter.
②小孩对周围的事物感到好奇。
Children ________ ________ ________ everything around them.
答案 ①out of curiosity ②are curious about5．lie n．谎话；谎言vi.说谎
(教材原句) He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！(P10)
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。have用于否定句，尤其置于will not，can not之后表“不允许，不容忍。not have sb doing sth”不能容忍某人做某事。此处getting作宾语Yong Hui的宾语补足语。 【用法归纳】
a white lie善意的谎言
tell sb a lie (＝ tell a lie/lies to sb)向某人撒谎
lie to sb向某人撒谎
n．谎话；谎言
Don't believe her because she is always telling lies.
别信她，她总是说谎。
vi.说谎；位于；在于
tell a lie/lies 说谎
tell the truth 讲真话lie to sb对某人撒谎
lie in在于；位于
It's no wonder that she lied to the court.
难怪她对法庭撒了谎。
The cure for stress lies in learning to relax.
消除紧张的方法在于学会放松。
The village lies across the river.
村庄在河对岸。【助记】【一言辨异】 The boy lying under the big tree lied to his little sister that he saw a cock lay an egg.
躺在树下的男孩对他妹妹撒谎说，他看见一只公鸡下了个蛋。【典例剖析】
Beijing lies ________ the north of China.
A．off B．to C．in D．on
解析 考查介词。句意：北京位于中国的北方。lie in意思为“位于……，在于……”，属于包含关系；lie off意思为“远离……”；lie to意思为“位于……”，表示两者为并列关系；lie on表示接壤关系。
答案 C【即境活用】
完成句子
①这个孩子向老师撒了谎。
The boy ________ ________ ________ ________ his teacher.
②他的失败在于懒惰。
His failure ________ ________ his laziness.
答案 ①told a lie/lied to ②lay in6．get away with被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚；把……卷跑；偷走；抢走
【用法归纳】
get sb down使某人沮丧或情绪低落
get down to (doing) sth开始认真做某事
get over 克服；从(疾病、失望等)中恢复过来get through用完；顺利通过；(有电话)接通；完成；结束(与with连用)
get across使理解；越过
get away from逃离
Don't let the incident get you down too much.
别让这事搅得你过于烦恼了。
He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll get over it.
他因没有得到那份工作而大失所望，不过他能想得开。【典例剖析】
Sometimes Mr. Wang would like to get into the countryside and ________ the noise, the dirt and people in the city.
A．get off B．get out
C．get on D．get away from
解析 考查动词短语。句意：有时候王先生愿意到乡下去，逃离城市的噪音、脏污和人们。根据后面叙述的noise, the dirt可知此处意为“逃离”。
答案 D【即境活用】
完成句子
①那些撒谎和欺骗别人的人决不会逃得过惩罚。
Those who lie and cheat will never ________ ________ ________ it.
②停止闲谈。到了我们着手做某些严肃工作的时候了。
Well, stop chatting. It's time we ________ ________ ________ some serious work.
③当我完成这些论文时，我会和你一起去。
I'll go with you when I ________ ________ with this pile of papers.
答案 ①get away with ②got down to ③get through7．discount n．折扣；贴现率v.打折扣；打折出售
(教材原句)Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.(P10)
或许通过打折优惠和换一个新的标牌，他就能赢回顾客。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。with短语作状语。【用法归纳】
give/allow/make a discount打折扣
at a discount打折扣
at a discount of 10%打九折
n．折扣；贴现率
The employees at the shop get a discount of 10%.
商店员工购物可打9折。
v．打折扣；打折出售
The store discounts all its slow-selling goods.
那家商店打折出售所有滞销货。【典例剖析】
The clothes in this shop will be sold ________ a discount for seasonal reasons.
A．on B．with C．for D．at
解析 考查介词短语。句意：因为换季的原因，这家商店的衣服将打折销售。at a discount 为固定搭配，意为“打折；减价”。
答案 D 【即境活用】
完成句子
①他以八折买了一双新鞋。
He bought a pair of new shoes ________ ________ ________ of 20%/at a 20% discount.
②经理允诺这件衣服以九折优惠给她。
The manager promised her to ________ the price of the dress at 10%.
答案 ①at a discount ②discount8．win...back赢回；重新获得
【用法归纳】
win over获得；赢得；把……争取过来
win through终于成功
It will be an easy thing for you to win back your freedom.
你要夺回你的自由将是一件容易的事。
He must try to win back the support he has lost.
他须设法重获人心。【典例剖析】
Because of the accident, the company has lost many customers so they want to ________.
A．win them back B．win back them
C．win it back D．win back it
解析 考查动词短语。句意：由于那场事故，这家公司失去了很多顾客，所以想把他们赢回来。win back接代词作宾语时，应把代词放在win和back之间。再由customers可知用them。
答案 A 【即境活用】
完成句子
①He can do everything for her to ________ ________ ________ ________.
为了重新获得她的爱，他可以为她做任何事情。
②She is against the idea, but I'm sure I can ________ ________ ________.
她反对这个意见，但我准能说服她。
答案 ①win her love back ②win her over9．strength n．强项；长处；力量；力气
(教材原句)The strength of the diet in Wang Peng's restaurant was that it provided plenty of energy-giving food.(P11)
王鹏的餐馆里的膳食的优点是提供含有足够热量的食物。
【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。表语是由that连接的从句，为表语从句。【用法归纳】
build up one's strength/body强身健体
strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点
strengthen vt.& vi.加强
I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet.
我连移动双脚的力气几乎都没有了。
The great strength of her plan is that it's so cheap compared to the others.
她的计划的最大优点是比其他计划耗资要少。 【辨析】 energy/force/power/strength【典例剖析】
—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent
C．ability D．skill解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这是我的最佳选择。strength“强项；长处”；talent“天资；才能”；ability“能力；力量”；skill“技能；擅长”。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①英语口语是她的强项。
Spoken English is ________ ________.
②能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。
The ability to keep calm is one of ________ ________ ________.
③他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。
He hasn't got ________ ________ ________ lift the box.
答案 ①her strength ②her many strengths ③enough strength to课件46张PPT。Unit 2 Healthy eating
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language 课件（人教版必修3，课标通用）研读材料，完成下列内容：
一、重点单词熟记
1．________ vt.咨询；请教；商量
2．________ n．纤维；纤维制品
3．________ vt.&vi.消化→n.摘要；概要
4．________ adj.有毒的
5．________ n．胡萝卜
答案 1.consult 2.fibre 3.digest 4.poisonous 5.carrot二、重点短语探究
1．be punished ________ 因……受到惩罚
2．lose ________失去信心
3．lose ________ 丢脸
4．________ sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事
答案 1.for 2.heart 3.face 4.encourage三、教材佳句背诵
1．By now his restaurant ________ ________ be full of people.这个时间他的餐厅应该是宾客盈门的。
2．She felt ________ sad and hopeless ________ herself and her behaviour changed.
她对自己和行为的变化感到非常悲伤和无助。
答案 1.ought to 2.so；about1．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；参考；查阅
(教材原句) However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a doctor but lived on a diet of rice, raw vegetables, bananas and lemons.(P12)
然而，因害怕被朋友们嘲笑，她没有向医生咨询，而是以米饭、生蔬菜、香蕉和柠檬为主食。
【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。连词as连接的句子是原因状语从句；主句由连词but连接的并列句构成，其中but后面的句子省略了主语。【用法归纳】
consult sb about sth向某人咨询某事
consult with sb(about/on sth) (就某事)与某人商量
He went to the town to consult his doctor.
他进城去咨询医生。
consultant n．顾问
Parents can consult the teachers about their children.
家长可以向老师询问孩子们的情况。
I think I must consult with a friend on this matter.
我想我必须和朋友商量这件事。【辨析】 consult/look up【助记】 【典例剖析】
He ________ a number of books about the subject in the library before he gave his speech.
A．referred B．looked into
C．consulted D．looked up
解析 考查动词及短语意义。句意：在演讲前他在图书馆查阅了大量关于这门学科的图书。根据“查阅”后面的宾语可知用动词consult。refer to“查阅”；look into“调查”；consult“查阅”；look up“查找”。
答案 C【即境活用】
完成句子
①我建议对于这件事请教一下律师。
I suggest he ________ ________ ________ ________ the matter.
②这个地名你可以查一下词典。
You can ________ ________ ________ for the place names.
③我采取行动之前一定和你商量。
I'll do nothing ________ ________ you.
答案 ①consult a lawyer about ②consult the dictionary
③without consulting2．digest vi.& vt.消化；领悟 n．摘要；概要
(教材原句) I have digested most of the important points in the book.(P13)
我已经领悟了书里的大部分要点。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。作宾语的是most of the important points。【用法归纳】
vi.& vt.消化；领悟
Cheese doesn't digest easily.奶酪不易被消化。
n．摘要；概要
This is a digest of the week's news.
这是一周的新闻摘要。【典例剖析】
Do not undertake strong exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to ________.
A．digest B．eat C．drink D．dry
解析 考查动词。句意：饭后几个小时不要从事剧烈运动，以便食物能够消化。根据“饭后”的生活经验可知此处意思为“消化”。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①营养在慢慢吸收。
Protein ________ ________.
②这是这次会议的概要。
This is ________ ________ ________ the meeting.
答案 ①digests slowly ②a digest of语法导图知能精解
一、基本用法
1．ought to的用法
(1)表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，与should同义。
You ought to be more careful when you cross the road next time.下次过马路时，你应该更小心些。
You ought to work harder than your brother.
你应该比你哥哥学习更努力。【点津】 ought to的否定形式为ought not to(oughtn't to)，一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首，其否定答语通常用don't have to或needn't。
—Ought he to see the doctor?
——他该去看医生吗？
—Yes, he ought to./No, he doesn't have to.
——是的，他该去。/不，他不必去。
You ought not to make this kind of mistake again.
你不应该再犯这种错误了。 (2)表示可能性，一般指较大的可能性，意为“按道理应该”。
If he started at six, he ought to be here now.
要是他六点就出发的话，这会儿该到这里了。2．have to的用法
have to 意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式和疑问形式需要借助于助动词do。
His mother is ill. He has to stay at home to look after her.
他妈妈病了，他得待在家里照顾她。
【点津】
(1)have to 侧重客观需要，有时态、人称和数的变化；must强调说话人的主观看法。
(2)have to的否定式为don't have to，表示“没有义务或没有必要做某事”，意为“不必”，常可以回答用must提问的一般疑问句。而must的否定式mustn't表示“禁止”。3．need的用法
(1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn't go there now.你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now？我现在需要去那儿吗？
【点津】 由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn't。
— Need I hand in my paper now?
——我现在需要交上论文吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
——是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。(2)作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称、数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。
You need to be careful.
你得小心些。
You don't need to be so worried.
你不必如此担心。
【点津】 当need作“需要”讲时，其后跟不定式的被动形式相当于跟v.-ing的主动形式，在这一点上，与want和require作“需要”讲时一样。
The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.
这所房子需要修葺。4．dare的用法
(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don't dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。5．情态动词＋have done结构的用法
(1)must＋have done表示对过去发生事情所作出的合理或确有把握的推测，“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can't＋have done代替。
From what you said, she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
(3)should (ought to) have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。 (4)need have done表示“本需要做而实际未做“；needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
You need have done it instead of him yesterday.
昨天你本需要代替他做那件事的。
(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about it in the papers.
你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。二、have to 与 must 的区别
1．两者都可意为“必须”、“应该”，但 have to 表示客观的需要，而 must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
2．have to 有人称、数和时态的变化，而 must 只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
昨天他必须照顾他的妹妹。
3．在否定结构中，don't have to 表示“不必”，mustn't 表示“禁止”、“不许”。
You don't have to tell him about it.
你不必把此事告诉他。4．在回答 must 的一般疑问句时，肯定式常用 must，表示 “必须”，否定式常用 need not (needn't)或 don't have to，表示“不必”。
—Must I be home before nine o'clock?
——我必须九点之前回家吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't(you don't have to)．
——是的，必须的。/不，不必。【典例剖析】
①You ________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A．must B．mustn't
C．have to D．don't have to
解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。don't have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。故选D。
答案 D②It's quite warm here; we ________ turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．wouldn't
解析 考查情态动词。句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要还开着暖气。needn't“不必”；couldn't“不能”；mustn't“禁止”；wouldn't“不肯；不会”。根据句意可知选C项。
答案 C③We ________ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?
A．should face B．might face
C．could have faced D．must have faced
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词＋have done”形式。could have done表示“过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做”，符合句意。
答案 C④They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A．will B．can
C．must D．should
解析 考查情态动词。句意：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。will have done“将来可以完成”；can have done“可能做过……”，表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done“一定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。but their flight was delayed 这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
答案 D⑤Mark ________ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't B．wouldn't
C．mustn't D．couldn't
解析 考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来不必那么匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他提前半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用needn't have done结构，表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。
答案 A知能精练
I. 完成句子
1．我们应当更加认真地对待作业。
We ________ ________ be more careful with our homework.
2．弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜把医生请来。
My brother was badly ill, so I ________ ________ call the doctor at midnight.
3．你不许把这件事告诉他。
You ________ tell him about it.4．——他需要这么快就走吗？
——他不必走。
—Need he go so soon?
—He ________ go.
5．她想要什么，只需说一声就行。
If she wants anything, she ________ only ask.
6．她本不必亲自来——打个电话来就足够了。
She ________ ________________ in person—a call would have been enough.
7．他们不需要担心它。一切将会很好。
They ________ worry about it. Everything will be better.8．三个月前，我丈夫在另一个城市找到了一份新工作，所以我们不得不再次搬家。
Three months ago my husband got a new job in another city, so we ________ ________ move again.
9．——今天我一定要上交我的练习书吗？
——不，你不需要交。
—________ I hand in my exercise book today?
—No, you don't have to.
10．昨天晚上她本不需要到车站见他面，但是她去了。
She ________ have gone to the station to meet him last night, but she did.答案 1.ought to 2.had to 3.mustn't 4.needn't
5．need 6.needn't have come 7.needn't 8.had to
9．Must 10.needn'tⅡ.单项填空
1．The teacher commanded that the students ________ the classroom before he returned.
A．didn't leave B．leave
C．needn't leave D．not leave
解析 考查情态动词。句意：老师命令学生在他回来前不要离开教室。此处动词command的宾语用虚拟语气，should可以省略。
答案 D2．—She looks very happy. She ________ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.
A．should B．could C．must D．might
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——她看起来非常高兴，她肯定考试及格了。根据语境“must have done”意思为“一定……”符合。
答案 C3．None of them could understand your meaning, ________？
A．could they B．didn't he
C．do they D．could it
解析 考查情态动词。句意：没有人能明白你的意思，对吧？根据反义疑问句的特点，可知此处用情态动词作为助动词。
答案 A4．Naturally，when I tell her what to do，my daughter ________ go and do the opposite!
A．may B．can C．must D．should
解析 考查情态动词。句意： 通常，我告诉女儿做什么时，女儿非得做相反的事。此处主要考查情态动词：must的特殊意思“非要、非得、偏要、偏偏”，表示与说话人愿望相反。
答案 C5．Jackie，you ________ hang all your clothes in the room like this!
A．wouldn't B．needn't
C．mustn't D．oughtn't to
解析 考查情态动词。句意：杰克，你不该把你的所有衣服都像这样挂在屋里。根据句意和语境可知Jackie悬挂衣服在屋里是不妥当的，故不该这样做，wouldn't“不愿意”； needn't“不需要”； mustn't“禁止”； oughtn't to“不应该”。
答案 D6．I ________ tell you with certainty that he won't be able to finish it before the deadline.
A．will B．must C．can D．shall
解析 考查情态动词。意思相当于“我可以肯定地说……”。
答案 C7．We ________ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A．needn't B．may not
C．shouldn't D．mustn't
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我们可能未被证明是最好的冒险家，但是我们完成了过去十年中最伟大的征途。结合语境可以选出最佳答案：may not。
答案 B8．—I was on the highway when their car went past followed by a police car.
—They ________ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A．should have been driving
B．must have been driving
C．could have driven
D．would have driven
解析 考查情态动词及虚拟语气。根据语境“超车”可以选出最佳答案：must have been driving 。
答案 B9．—James didn't show up last night, did he?
—No. He ________.We had changed our plan.
A．shouldn't have come B．didn't need to come
C．needn't have come D．needn't come
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——詹姆斯昨晚没有露面，对吗？——他没有来，他没有必要来。我们已经改变了计划。本题考查情态动词的用法，根据We had changed our plan，可以推知他没有必要来，实际上也没来，只有B符合。
答案 B10．—I stayed at a friend's while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You ________ with Barbara.
A．could have stayed B．could stay
C．would stay D．must have stayed
解析 考查情态动词及虚拟语气。此题根据语境“与朋友待在……”可知选择：must have stayed最佳。
答案 D课件54张PPT。Unit 2 Healthy eating Section Ⅲ Using Language 课件（人教版必修3，课标通用）
Ⅰ.阅读理解答案 1.full 2.unhappy 3.spied 4.angrily 5.explanation 6.enjoyed 7.menus 8.combine 9.balanced
10．successⅡ.教材研读
一、重点单词熟记
1．________ n．过度肥胖
2．________ n. 维生素
3．________ vi.怒目而视；闪耀→n. 怒视
4．________ vt.限制；限定→n.界限；限度→________adj.有限的
5．________ n．利益；好处→vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益
6．________ n．胸部；乳房
7．________ vt.&vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
8．________ n．合作；协作
答案 1.obesity 2.vitamin 3.glare 4.limit；limited
5．benefit 6.breast 7.combine 8.cooperation 二、重点短语探究
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．earn ________ living谋生
2．________ debt 欠债
3．cut ________削减；删节
4．before ________不久以后
5．put ________ weight增加体重
答案 1.one's 2.in 3.down 4.long 5.on三、教材佳句背诵
1．I don't want to upset you, but I found your menu ________ limited ________ I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.
我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太有限了，所以我也就不担心了，我也开始宣传我的食物的好处。
2．________ ________ ________ sit down and try a meal?
你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢？
答案 1.so；that 2.Why don't you1．earn one's living谋生
(教材原句)Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.(P14)
也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆了。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。谓语部分由连词and并列成分充当。【用法归纳】
make/earn a living谋生
earn one's own living自食其力
do sth for a living做某事以维持生计
She used to earn her living by selling drinks.
她曾经靠卖饮料谋生。【典例剖析】
“With more and more businesses closing down, it is hard to ________ nowadays，” she said with a sigh.
A．earn one's living B．make a living
C．make a life D．earn one's life
解析 考查动词短语。句意：随着越来越多的企业的倒闭，现在谋生也很难了，她叹息着说。earn one's living“谋生”，此空应用earn my living/make/earn a living。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①大卫靠为报社撰写文章谋生。
David ________ ________ ________ by writing articles for newspapers.
②他说他已经长大了，能够自食其力。
He said that he had grown up and could ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案 ①earns his living ②earn his own living2．debt n．债；债务； 欠款
(教材原句)He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.(P14)
他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。
【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。连词because连接的句子为原因状语从句。【用法归纳】
out of debt不欠债
pay off debts还清债务
get/run into debt负债
owe sb a debt欠某人一个人情
be in one's debt＝be in debt to sb欠某人的情；受某人的恩惠
She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich.
以前穷的时候她欠了债，可自从富了以后就没欠债了。
We were poor but we never got/ran/fell into debt.
我们很穷但是从来没负债。【典例剖析】
Since they bought the house, the Smiths ________ debt these years.
A．have got into B．have run into
C．have been in D．have been out of
解析 考查短语搭配。句意：自从买了房子以来，史密斯一家就一直欠债。由语境可知此处用be in debt。get/run into debt表动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
答案 C【即境活用】
完成句子
①他喜欢赌博，并且负债累累。
He liked gambling and was ________ ________ ________.
②经过数10年的艰辛工作她终于还清欠款。
She ________ ________ ________ ________ after ten years of hard work.
③我憎恨欠别人的情，但是我乐于帮助他人。
I hate ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， but I'm always ready to help others.
答案 ①in heavy debt ②got out of debt ③being in debt to others/being in other's debt3．glare vi.怒目而视；闪耀n.[U]怒视；炫目的光
(教材原句)She did not look happy but glared at him. (P14)
她(雍慧)瞪着他，看上去不高兴。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。谓语动词由连词but连接的成分充当。 【用法归纳】
glare at瞪视；怒目而视
give sb a glare对某人怒目而视
They stood there, glaring at each other.
他们站在那里，怒视着对方。
She gave the rude man a glare.
她对那个粗鲁的人怒目而视。【辨析】 glare at/look at/glance at/stare at【典例剖析】
She turned to ________ ________ him as he was stupid.
A．glare at B．stare at
C．glance at D．look at
解析 考查动词短语。句意：她转过身来对他怒目而视，因为他是愚蠢的。由此处语境“愚蠢”推知“怒目而视”，故glare at有此意。
答案 A【即境活用】
完成句子
①现在看一下这张图片并且找出去邮局的最近路线。
Now ________ ________ this photo and find out the nearest way to the post office.
②他扫视了一下这个信封并且认出了爸爸的手迹。
He ________ ________ the envelope and recognized his father's handwriting.③他很无礼地盯着他人看。
It's impolite to ________ ________ others.
④她眼里带着生气的表情看着他。
She ________ ________ him with an angry expression in her eyes.
答案 ①look at ②glanced at ③stare at ④glares at4．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度
(教材原句Try to limit your speech to five minutes.
尽量把你的演讲限制在5分钟内。
【用法归纳】
put/set a limit to...对……限制
within the limits of在……的范围内
without limit无限(制)地
be limited to sth受限制于……
limit sth to sth 把……限定在……的范围内
There is a/no limit to...对……是有限/无限的
I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.我会尽力帮忙，但我所能做的也是有限的。【典例剖析】
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ________ our thinking.
A．direct B．limit
C．change D．improve
解析 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：如是我们想成功，学识很重要，但是它们也可能会限制我们的思维。direct“指导；管理”； limit“限制”；change“改变”；improve“改善；改进”。
答案 B【助记】【即境活用】
完成句子
①方便时，我愿意去帮忙。
I'm willing to help, ________ ________.
②如果你尝试的话，你能做的是没有止境的。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ what you can do if you try.
③他必须把他每周的花费限制在10镑之内。
He must ________ his weekly expenditure(花费)________ ten pounds.
答案 ①within limits ②There is no limit to ③limit；to5．benefit n．利益；好处vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益
(教材原句)I don't want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.(P14)
我不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。
【句法分析】 这是一个并列句。连词but连接的句子为表示转折意思的并列句子，其中but后面的句子由so...that连接，是一个结果状语从句。【用法归纳】
be of benefit to对……有益
for the benefit of为……；为……的利益
benefit from/by...从……受益；得益于
beneficial adj.有利的；有益的；受益的
be beneficial to...(＝ be of benefit to ..)对……有益；
对……有利
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新建成的医院将给全镇人民带来极大的好处。The sea air will benefit you.
海边的空气对你有益。
We benefited greatly from this frank talk.
这次坦诚的谈话使我们获益匪浅。
For the benefit of those people who arrived late, I'll just go over the plan again.
为了那些迟到的人，我将把计划再讲一遍。
Reading more books is of great benefit to children.
多读书对孩子们很有好处。【助记】【典例剖析】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ all its citizens.
A．in charge of B．for the purpose of
C．in honor of D．for the benefit of
解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了所有市民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医院的改革。in charge of “主管；负责”；in honor of “纪念……；为了向……表示敬意”；for the purpose of “为了；目的是”；for the benefit of “为了……的利益”。
答案 D 【即境活用】
完成句子
①雨对植物大有好处。
The rain was ________ ________ ________ ________ the plants.
②小企业因利率下降而得到了很大的好处。
These small businesses have greatly ________ ________ the fall in interest rates.③他认为这个改变会对她的健康有益。
He considered that the change would ________ ________ ________ her health.
答案 ①of great benefit to/greatly beneficial to ②benefited from/by ③be beneficial to6．combine vt.&vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
(教材原句)Perhaps we ought to combine our menus and provide a balanced menu with foods full of energy and fibre. ( P15)
也许应该把我们的菜谱融合起来，提供一个既有能量又有纤维的平衡菜谱。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。and连接combine和provide两个动词作谓语，with复合结构作定语修饰menu。【用法归纳】
combine...with...把……与……结合起来
combination n．结合；联合；化合(物)
a combination of...一种……的结合(物)
in combination with与……联合起来
We can't always combine work with pleasure.
我们并不总是能在工作中享受到乐趣。
The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。【辨析】 combine/connect/join【典例剖析】
If your knowledge can be in some ways ________ with my experiences, we are sure to succeed.
A．joined B．combined
C．connected D．united
解析 考查动词。句意：从某些方面来讲，如果你的知识跟我的经历结合起来，我们一定会成功。combine A with B意为“把A和B结合起来”，其被动形式为：be combined with。join ...with“与……联接在一起”；be connected with“与……有关”；unite不与with搭配。
答案 B【即境活用】
完成句子
①我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
We consider it necessary to ________ theory ________ practice.
②该俱乐部受到社会各阶层的民众团体的支持。
The club is supported by ________ ________ ________ people from all social classes.
答案 ①combine；with ②a combination of7．cut down削减；删节；砍倒；缩小；杀死或杀伤(某人)
(教材原句)In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.(P15)
这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。
【句法分析】 这是一个简单句。介词短语In this way在句中作状语；谓语部分由and连接。【用法归纳】
cut across走捷径
cut back削减；缩减
cut in超车；插嘴
cut off中止；切断
cut up切碎；抨击
I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation.
我希望玛丽不要一直打断我们的谈话。
One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.
在那场事故中，他的一个手指被切掉了。【典例剖析】
Before we got home, Jim ________ the big cake ________ six pieces.
A．had separated; from B．had divided; into
C．cut; down D．joined; to
解析 考查动词时态。句意：在我们到家前吉姆就把大蛋糕分成了6块。根据此处语境“把整体分成几部分”可知答案。
答案 B 【即境活用】
完成句子
①我说话时不要插嘴。
Don't ________ ________ while I'm talking.
②因为可怕的地震水供应被切断了。
The water supply has been ________ ________because of the terrible earthquake.
③请将这篇文章删减到1 000 字。
Please ________ the article ________ ________ 1,000 words.
答案 ①cut in ②cut off ③cut; down to8．before long不久以后
(教材原句)Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.(P15)
他们的均衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖了。
【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。such...that后跟结果状语从句，其中连词and连接的句子为并列句子，均为that后面的结果状语从句。before long在句子中作状语，表示时间。【用法归纳】
long before很久以前
It was/will be long before...过很久后才……
It was not/will not be long before...不久就……
He had taken a doctor's degree long before.
他很久以前就获得了博士学位。
It was long before he came back.过了好久他才回来。考点警示
before long 相当于 soon，常用于将来或过去时态。
long before后面常跟句子。
【一言辨异】 一句话巧记long before/before long: long在前(long before)，“很久前”，long在后(before long)，“不久后”。【典例剖析】
—What do you think has happened to Jennifer?
—I've no idea. ________ I haven't heard from her yet.
A．From B．Before
C．Up to now D．Long before
解析 考查副词。句意：——你知道詹妮弗发生什么事情了？——我不知道。迄今为止我还没有收到她的来信。从语境“完成时态”推知“不知道”为持续到现在为止，故意思为“迄今为止”答案C合适。
答案 C【即境活用】
完成句子
①他说他很久以前就看过这部电影。
They said that they had seen the film ________ ________.
②不久以后我希望去看你。
I hope to see you again ________ ________.
③我们很久以前就知道他。
We had known him ________ ________.
答案 ①long before ②before long ③long before表示转折关系的关键词语
应用透析：but但是，at the same time同时；however然而，可是；instead代替，而不是；nevertheless然而，不过；otherwise否则。【语境感悟】
1．It seems impossible to get a master's degree at the age of 91, but a man did it. (2012·广东)
2．However, to people's surprise, in his eighties, Allan decided to take the course of law. (2012·广东)
3．But a displeasing picture entered my eyes. (2012·福建)
4．Instead, he always asked me to raise questions whenever I needed help. (2012·广东)
5．However, many of us children who are busy with our studies only care about ourselves. (2011·江苏)【学以致用】
1．可是，后来他决定去了。
Later, however, he made up his mind to go.
2．虽然下着大雨，我还是想去那儿。
It's raining hard. However, I still want to go there.
3．迈克根本不肯读书，相反地，他终日游手好闲。
Mike doesn't study at all. Instead, he sits idle all day.
4．这消息可能是出乎意料的，然而是真实的。
The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.
5．我很庆幸自己对学习怀有兴趣，不然我会疯掉的。
I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.【提高训练】
请结合以下表格所提供的信息，写一篇英语文章，介绍中国传统农业与现代农业的不同之处。词数120左右。 参考词汇：aspect方面；efficiency效率
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__________________________________________ 【参考范文】
With the development of society, agriculture has also changed a lot in many aspects. First of all, nowadays most farmers grow crops with the help of modern machines instead of planting crops with their hands. As a result, mondern farmers no longer need to work so hard as before. And the output and working efficiency are also improved greatly, which contributes a lot to social-economic development. But modern agriculture also has harmful effect on our society. For example, the fertilizers and medicines used in modern agriculture have destroyed the environment badly, while, traditional agriculture does not cause such kind of problems at all.
