(共58张PPT)
Unit 2 Working the land
有机农业是指按照一定的生产标准，在生产中遵循自然规律和生态学原理，采用一系列可持续发展的农业技术以维持持续稳定的农业生产体系的一种农业生产方式。
Organic farming study
Agricultural scientists in Switzerland have demonstrated the long term effects of organic farming methods.Organic farms use no man made chemicals to increase crops or control insects and disease.The study showed that organic fields produced fewer crops，on average，than other fields.However，the scientists say the organic methods improved the health of the soil and used half as much energy.
Scientists at the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Frick，Switzerland，supervised the study.They reported their findings in the Science magazine，the publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
It was one of the longest running studies of its kind.The Swiss scientists compared the effects of organic and traditional farming methods over a period of more than twenty years.They grew crops in four fields of land in Switzerland.
Traditional farming methods were used in two fields.Organic farming methods were used in the others.The scientists grew potatoes，barley(大麦)，winter wheat，beets(甜菜)and grass clover(苜蓿)．The crops，planting methods，and soil use were similar in all the fields studied.
The study found that the organic fields produced about twenty percent fewer crops than the other fields.However，the farmers used less fertilizer and energy on the organic fields.They found the organic fields were healthier.
The scientists say the organic fields had more nutrients in the soil.The soils in the organic fields also had more biological activity than the other fields.The organic fields had more helpful organisms and a larger number of different or ganisms.The organic fields had almost two times as many insects，including helpful insects.In traditional farming，chemicals designed to kill harmful insects can also kill helpful ones.
The researchers say the findings show that organic crop production rates change little over time，and that soil fertility increases.They say the findings suggest that organic farmers can help the environment by increasing soil fertility.
Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular in some countries.Many people believe that eating organic food is more healthful than eating food grown with chemicals.Some people are willing to pay more money to buy organic food.
True(T)or False(F)．
1．Organic farms use man made chemicals to increase crops or control insects and disease. ( )
2．The Swiss scientists grew crops in four fields of land in Switzerland—two with traditional farming methods and two with organic farming methods. ( )
3．The farmers found the organic fields were healthier than the traditional farming fields. ( )
4．Organic farmers can help the environment by increasing soil fertility. ( )
5．Organic farming is not popular in some countries because organic food is not healthful. ( )
答案 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F
Unit 2 Working the land Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading 课件（人教版必修4，课标通用）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(根据Reading内容选择答案)
1．Yuan Longping works the land because ________.
A．he is a farmer
B．he is interested in farming
C．he wants to do his research by farming
D．he has a slim and strong body
2．Which of the following descriptions about Dr Yuan's personality is NOT true
A．He is satisfied with his life because he is now rich and famous.
B．He cares little about money and fame.
C．He would rather work than lead a comfortable life.
D．He enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.
3．Dr Yuan's hobbies include the following EXCEPT ______.
A．listening to violin music
B．playing mah jong
C．swimming and reading
D．singing
4．How does Yuan Longping feel about money
A．Money is not important at all.
B．One has to own a large sum of money.
C．Too much money can only bring more troubles rather than happiness.
D．One has to spend all his money on his own research.
5．Which of the following statements tells the main idea of the text
A．A farmer named Yuan Longping.
B．How Yuan Longping became rich and famous.
C．An agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard to produce the hybrid rice.
D．A new strain of rice which is called super hybrid rice.
答案 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C
Ⅱ.阅读填空(根据Reading内容完成表格)
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Name Yuan Longping，one of China's most famous scientists.
His looks __1__ face and arms；slim and strong body.
Main events (1)In 1930，he was born into a poor farmer's family.
(2)He __2__ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
(3)Since 1953，finding ways to grow more rice has been his life __3__.
(4)In 1974，he became the first agricultural pioneer to grow rice that has a high __4__.
(5)He is now __5__ his knowledge in many less developed countries.
His persona lities (1)He is quite __6__ with his life but doesn't care about being famous.
(2)He __7__ keep time for his hobbies.
(3)He doesn't care about spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life.
His achieve ments (1)The first __8__pioneer in the world to grow high output rice.
(2)Helping to __9__ the world of hunger.
His dreams (1)To produce a kind of rice that could feed more people. (2)To __10__ his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
答案 1.Sunburnt 2.graduated 3.goal 4.output
5．circulating 6.satisfied 7.would much rather
8．agricultural 9.rid 10.export
Ⅲ.阅读表达(根据Reading内容完成下列各题)
1．What's the main idea of Para.4？(Please answer within 5 words.)
_______________________________
2．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one
He is not interested in buying things for himself or in having a comfortable life.
_______________________________
3．Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
Dr Yuan has two dreams.The first is that his rice is as tall as sorghum，as big as an ear of corn and ________；the second is to ________.
4．Why did Yuan Longping want to increase the rice output when he was young
__________________________
答案 1.Dr Yuan's dreams.
2．Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
3．as huge as a peanut；export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe
4．Because at that time，hunger was a serious problem in many parts of the countryside.He saw many people suffer from hunger when he was young，so he wanted to increase the rice output.
Ⅳ.教材研读
一、重点单词熟记
1．________vt. & vi.斗争，努力
2．________n．十年，十年期
3．________n．产量，输出
4．________n．饥饿，欲望；vt. & vi.(使饥饿)→________adj.饥饿的
5．________adj.令人不安的→________vt.打扰；打乱
6．________vt. & vi.使变大；伸展
7．________adv.因此；所以；因而
8．________vt. & vi.配备；装备→________n．装备；设备
9．________vt. & vi.输出；出口
10．________n．工作；职业；占领
答案 1.struggle 2.decade 3.output 4.hunger；hungry
5．disturbing；disturb 6.expand 7.therefore 8.equip；equipment 9.export 10.occupation
二、重点短语探究
1．struggle ________为……而斗争(努力)
2．graduate ________毕业于
3．search ________寻找
4．thanks ________幸亏；由于；因为
5．rid...________摆脱；除去
6．be satisfied________对……感到满意
7．care ________在乎；在意
8．rather________而不是
9．dream________梦想；梦寐以求
10．________the hope of(doing)sth怀着(做)某事的希望
答案 1.for 2.from 3.for 4.to 5.of 6.with
7．about 8.than 9.about 10.with
三、教材佳句背诵
1．Dr Yuan Longping grows _______________.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
2．This special strain of rice ________ possible ________ one third more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
3．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests __________before.
用他的杂交水稻，农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
4．He ______________________his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
答案 1.what is called super hybrid rice 2.makes it；to produce 3.twice as large as 4.would much rather keep time for
We must struggle against/with all sorts of difficulties.
我们必须同各种困难作斗争。
They struggled for freedom.他们为自由而战。
It was a struggle for her to make him understand.
使他明白对她来说真是件费劲的事。
【助记】
图文巧解struggle
【即境活用】
根据要求完成下列练习
①It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time.
译文：________________
在下列句中填入恰当的介词或所给词的适当形式
②The workers have been struggling ________ bad conditions for too long.
③The two men have been struggling ________ the leadership since last year.
④The wounded young man struggled ________ his feet.
⑤He struggled ________(control v．)his temper.
答案 ①为使工作按时完成，我做了一番努力。
②against ③for ④to ⑤to control
【辨析】
disturb 指扰乱人的心绪而使之不安或妨碍工作进行
interrupt 由于某种外界因素使原来的活动中断或停顿下来，尤其指打断某人的话
Heavy truck traffic disturbed the neighborhood.
重型卡车的来来往往扰乱了这一带的安宁。
Don't interrupt the speaker；ask your questions afterwards.不要打断人家的发言，有问题过后再问。
【即境活用】
用disturb的正确形式填空
①The ________ news has made everyone present upset.
②He was ________ to learn that his child was ill.
答案 ①disturbing ②disturbed
3．thanks to幸亏；由于；因为
Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
Thanks to his help，we finished our work on time.
幸亏有他的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。
It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
幸亏他的建议，我才成功。
【即境活用】
英汉互译
①幸亏你，我才从危险中被救了出来。
__________________________
②Thanks to a lot of hard work，we made great progress.
__________________________
答案 ①Thanks to you，I was rescued from danger.
②因为尽心竭力，我们取得了很大的进步。
4．be satisfied with对……感到满意
Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.
袁隆平对他的生活很满足。
【拓展】
(1)satisfied adj.满意的(用于描述人本身的感受)
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be satisfied to do... 对做……感到满意
(2)satisfy vt.使……满意
satisfy one's needs 满足某人的需要
(3)satisfaction n．满意
with satisfaction 满意地
to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是
(4)satisfying adj.令人满意的
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
He is not satisfied with the result of the exam.
他对考试结果不满意。
They were satisfied to get the equal shares.
他们为各得相等的份儿而感到满意。
Much to the customers' satisfaction，the company is trying hard to satisfy their needs.
令顾客们感到非常满意的是，公司正尽力满足他们的需求。
His reply to my questions was not satisfactory.
他给我的答复不尽人意。
5．would rather宁愿；宁可
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
These days I would rather listen to classical music.
这些日子我更愿意听古典音乐。
We would rather live in China freely than live in rich countries.我们更愿意自由地生活在中国，而不愿意生活在富有的国家。
I would rather not have attended the physical examination.我宁愿没有参加体检。
David would rather(that)I treated him on Monday.
大卫宁愿我在星期一招待他。
【即境活用】
句型转换
①I'd rather play football than play basketball.
→I ________ football ________basketball.
→I ________football ________basketball.
完成句子
②I would rather you ________yesterday.
我真希望昨天你在那里。
③I ________ tonight，if you don't mind.
如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
答案 ①would play；rather than play；prefer to play；rather than play ②had been there ③would rather go out
6．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备
Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.
我们的教室里配有一台电视机和一台录音机。
A good education should equip you for life.
有良好的教育能受用终生。
Our laboratory is well equipped.
我们的实验室装备良好。
His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
Our school has been given some new equipment.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
【即境活用】
用equip的适当形式填空
①Your education will ________ you to make a good living.
②The video recording ________ needs repairing.
答案 ①equip ②equipment
7．Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平种植的是被称之为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
【分析】
【即境活用】
仿写句子
昨天他们参观了被称为“紫禁城”的地方。
____________________
答案 They visited what is called “the Forbidden City” yesterday.
8．In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
【分析】
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“rice”，且that在从句中充当主语。
(3)主句中表语中心词“pioneer”由序数词修饰，后面为不定式作后置定语。
【即境活用】
①将上面句子翻译成汉语。
_________________________
②仿写句子。
他成为世界上第一位绘制澳大利亚海岸线的人。
_________________________
答案 ①1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
②He was the first person in the world to map the coastline of the country that is called Australia.
9．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的粮食。
【分析】
(1)此句为复杂的简单句。
(2)句中谓语动词makes后跟复合宾语，it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语，形容词possible为宾语补足语。
(3)“make＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”的基本结构为：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋ to do.../that...
【即境活用】
①仿写句子。
这个交通法使得让人们遵守交通规则成为可能。
___________________
答案 The traffic law makes it possible to let people obey the traffic rules.
②No matter where he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012·陕西高考)
A．him B．this C．that D．it
解析 考查代词。句意：不管他在哪里，早饭之前去散步成了他的习惯。句中涉及make后跟复合宾语结构：to go for a walk...是真正的宾语，a rule是宾语补足语，it为形式宾语。四个选项中只有D项it可以作形式宾语或者形式主语，所以D项符合题意。
答案 D
10．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻(种子)，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
【分析】
(1)此句为简单句。
(2)句中分词“Using his hybrid rice”为方式状语。
(3)“twice as large as”为倍数的表达方式。
【拓展】
The room is three times as large as that one.
＝The room is two times larger than that one.
＝The room is three times the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
【即境活用】
仿写句子
用这种方法，工人们生产的产品比以前多了一倍。
___________________
答案 Using this method，the workers are producing twice as many products as before.
提 示 课后完成《活页规范训练》Unit 2(1)(共37张PPT)
Unit 2 Working the land
Section Ⅱ Learning about Language 课件（人教版必修4，课标通用）
研读教材，完成下列内容
一、重点单词熟记
1．________ vt.使迷惑；使为难→________adj.令人迷惑不解的→________adj.迷惑的；为难的→________n．混淆；困惑
2．________vt.遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔→________adj.后悔的；遗撼的→________adv.后悔地；惋惜地
答案 1.confuse；confusing；confused；confusion
2．regret；regretful；regretfully
二、重点短语探究
1．would prefer ________宁愿
2．________sale出售，待售
3．________large amounts大量的
4．(be)in need ________需要
答案 1.to 2.for 3.in 4.of
三、教材佳句背诵
1．It is important to explain this again or we will ________the students.
再给学生解释一遍是很重要的，否则，学生会感到迷惑不解。
2．His father says that he has never ________...他父亲说他从不后悔……
答案 1.confuse 2.regretted
1．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
再次对此作出解释是很重要的，否则我们会让学生感到迷惑。
They were confused about the present situation.
他们对当前的形势感到困惑。
The situation is confusing to all of us.
形势使我们大家都感到迷惑。
【即境活用】
根据语境用confuse的适当形式填空
①Most students are ________ about the ________ problem.
很多学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。
②His granddaughter ________ the papers on his desk.
他的孙女把他书桌上的文件弄乱了。
③They asked me so many questions that I got ________.
他们问了我许多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。
答案 ①confused；confusing ②confused ③confused
2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔
I regret the loss of her friendship.
我为失去她的友谊而遗憾。
I believe you will regret leaving Paris.
我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
I regret to say that I am unable to help you.
很抱歉，我爱莫能助。
Much to my regret，I didn't go with them.
非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。
We refused their help with regret.
我们婉拒了他们的帮助。
【即境活用】
英汉互译
①I regret selling the house.
_______________________
②我遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。
_______________________
根据句意填入恰当的短语
③________，we have no time left to discuss the problem.
令我非常遗憾的是，我们没有时间来讨论这个问题了。
答案 ①我后悔卖了房子。
②I regret to tell you John has been fired.
③To my great regret
3．in need of 需要
Our school is in need of some teachers.
我们学校需要一些老师。
归纳：英语中的in＋n.＋of结构
in defence of 保卫，为……辩护
in honour of 为了纪念……，对……表示敬意
in memory of为纪念……
in place of代替
in search of寻找
in spite of尽管
in view of鉴于，由于
in support of支持，支援
in praise of赞扬，表扬
in terms of就……来说，根据
in face of面对，面临
in favor of有利于，支持，赞同
in danger of(坏事或不快之事发生的)可能性危险
[注意]
in charge of掌管，管理，负责
He is in charge of the school.
他负责管理这所学校。
in the charge of由……管理
The school is in the charge of him.
这所学校由他负责管理。
in possession of占有，拥有
The old man is in possession of great wealth.
这位老人拥有大笔财富。
in the possession of(某物)为(某人)所有
The rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector.
那张珍贵的邮票现在成了一位姓名不详的收藏家的藏品。
【即境活用】
Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students ________financial aid.
A．in favour of B．in honour of
C．in face of D．in need of
解析 句意：国内许多大学都给那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。
in favour of“有利于，支持，赞同”
in honour of“为了纪念，对……表示赞同”
in face of“面对，面临”
in need of“需要”，根据句意可知选D。
答案 D
语法导图
知能精解
一、动词 ing形式作主语
1．动词 ing形式作主语时，常表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming is my favourite sport.
游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。
Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
2．在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。
It's no use waiting for him any longer.
再等他是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it.
争论此事是没有用的。
3．当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
二、动词 ing形式作宾语
1．可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
打开窗子你介意吗？
I tried to avoid making the same mistake.
我尽力避免犯同样的错误。
I can't stand being treated like that.
我受不了被那样对待。
2．英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v. ing形式作宾语。常见的跟v. ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place.
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
He forgot to close the door when he left.
他离开时忘记关门了。
I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea—it was unforgettable!
我将永远不会忘记观看海上日出的那幕情景——那一幕真是令人难忘！
三、动词 ing形式的否定形式
动词 ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词 ing形式之前。
Excuse me for my not coming on time.
请原谅我没按时到。
I'm sorry for not having kept my promise.
对不起，我没有兑现我的承诺。
Do you mind my/me coming late for the film
我看电影迟到你介意吗？
Mary's being late for class made her teacher very angry.
玛丽上课迟到让她老师非常生气。
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。
【典例剖析】
1．One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them. (2012·北京，23)
A．corrects B．correct
C．to correct D．correcting
解析 句意：一个人的语言学习是通过不断地犯错误并改正错误来实现的。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。介词by后为动名词making，and表示并列关系，因此and前后非谓语动词形式一致，故选择D项。
答案 D
2．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________them.(2012·辽宁，25)
A．to follow B．following
C．followed D．follows
解析 句意：这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除D项。在with复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语their pet dog与follow是主动关系，排除C项。A项不定式常表示将要发生的事情，不符合题意。
答案 B
3．I had great difficulty ______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. (2010·上海高考)
A．find B．found
C．to find D．finding
解析 have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing“做……有困难”，是固定搭配，所以选D项。
答案 D
4．____________________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(use)
(2010·湖北高考)
解析 考查动名词短语作主语。
答案 Not knowing how to use/Being unable to use/Not being able to use
知能精练
1．To every one of us，________________(被……录取)Beijing University is a great honor.(admit)
2．________________(失业)doesn't necessarily mean that you are going to be homeless or a failure.(out)
3．He________________(承认打破了)the window and promised to mend it immediately.(admit)
4．When I saw my test score，I ________________(后悔没有学习)harder.(regret)
5．Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She ____________________(尝试独自生活)，but she didn't like it and moved back home very soon.(try)
6．—Why did Bob weep
—He couldn't bear ________________(受到嘲笑)like that before the whole class.(fun)
7．Tom is very stubborn，so it is no use ______________(与他争辩)about it.(argue)
8．Tom didn't mention his________________(升职)when we talked on the phone.(promote)
9．While shopping，people sometimes________________(情
不自禁被人说服)into buying something they don't really
need.(persuade)
10．________________(不知道如何游泳)can put you in
danger when you suddenly find yourself in water.(know)
答案 1.being admitted to 2.Being out of work 3.admitted breaking/having broken 4.regretted not having studied
5．tried living alone 6.being made fun of 7.arguing with him 8.being promoted/having been promoted 9.can't help being persuaded 10.Not knowing how to swim(共40张PPT)
Unit 2 Working the land
Section Ⅲ Using Language 课件（人教版必修4，课标通用）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Using chemical fertilizers is popular because it can stop crop disease and increase__1__，but long term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and even to people's health.Organic farming is to grow crops with natural but not__2__fertilizers.Organic farmers __3__keeping their soil rich and __4__disease.They prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizers.They think this makes the soil in their fields __5__ minerals and so more __6__.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind of crop in each field__7__，or plant crops to use different__8__ of soil，or plant grass between crops to prevent wind or water from __9__ the soil.However，these methods have the same goal：to grow good food and avoid damaging the __10__ or people's health.
答案 1.production 2.chemical 3.focus on 4.free of/from 5.richer in 6.fertile 7.every few years 8.levels
9．carrying away 10.environment
Ⅱ.教材研读
一、重点单词熟记
1．________(adj.)化学的；关于化学的→________(n.)化学
2．________(n.)生产；制造→________(v.)生产
3．________(vt.)发现→________(n.)发现；发觉
4．________(vt.)减少；减缩→________(n.)减少
5．________(n.)营养；滋养；食物
6．________(vt.)画底线标出；强调
7．________(n.)总结；摘要；概要
8．________(n.)评论；议论(vi.&vt.)表达意见；作出评论
答案 1.chemical；chemistry 2.production；produce
3．discover；discovery 4.reduce；reduction 5.nutrition
6．underline 7.summary 8.comment
二、重点短语探究
1．build________ 逐渐增强；建立；开发
2．lead________ 导致；造成(后果)
3．focus________ 集中(注意力、精力等)于
4．keep...free________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
5．cause damage________ 对……造成损害
6．________ addition 此外；另外
答案 1.up 2.to 3.on 4.from/of 5.to 6.in
三、教材佳句背诵
1．Recently，however，scientists___________that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people's health.
然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
2．With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers __________________organic farming.
由于这些发现，一些农民和很多消费者开始转向有机耕作。
3．A healthy soil________disease and helps crops__________.
肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
4．This also________the air，soil，water and crops________ chemicals.
这有助于空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。
答案 1.have been finding 2.are beginning to turn to
3．reduces；grow strong and healthy 4.keeps；free from
1．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发
These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.
食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中逐渐积累。
l'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
看到你的词汇量在逐渐增加，我很高兴。
He has built up a good business over the years.
几年来他生意做得很兴旺。
Hard working conditions build up character.(喻)
艰苦的工作条件能磨炼人的性格。
【即境活用】
写出下列各句中画线部分的汉语意思
①To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.
( )
②Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.
( )
答案 ①逐渐积累有用的词汇 ②增强人民体质
2．lead to导致，造成(后果)；通往……
Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
这些化学物质中有很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。
Too much work and too little rest can lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引发疾病。
The road leads to the foot of the hill.
这条路通往山脚下。
名师点睛：lead to中的to是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与result in/bring about同义，意为：导致。
【即境活用】
一句多译
食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
①_____________________
②_____________________
③_____________________
答案 ①Eating too much sugar can result in health problems.
②Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
③Eating too much sugar can bring about health problems.
3．focus n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦
focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于
They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
She was the focus of everyone's attention.
她是大家注意的焦点。
I am too tired to focus on anything.
我太累了，不能集中精神了。
【拓展】
All our eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution.
本章的重点是美国独立战争。
【即境活用】
英汉互译
①请集中精力思考下列问题。
__________________
②She always wants to be the focus of attention.
__________________
答案 ①Please focus your minds on the following problems. ②她总想成为人们关注的焦点。
4．reduce vt.减少；减缩
A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
肥沃的土壤减少了病害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
We were hoping that they would reduce the rent a little.我们希望他们会把租金降低一点。
The workforce has been reduced by half.
劳动力已经减少了一半。
The price of that type of colour TV has been reduced to 1,000 yuan.
那种型号的彩电的价格已经下降到了一千元。
【即境活用】
根据句意填入reduce的适当搭配
①The price ________ ten percent.
价格下降了10%。
②In the old society he ________ finally ________ begging.
在旧社会，他最后被逼得讨饭。
③They ________ the expenses ________ 60 percent.
他们将开支压缩了60%。
答案 ①was reduced by ②was；reduced to ③reduced；by
5．keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.
这也使空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。
You'd better keep this area free of air pollution.
你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。
【拓展】
(1)keep sb/sth from doing＝prevent/stop sb/sth
from doing阻止某人干某事/防止某事发生
(2)keep sth from sb不想将某事告诉某人；
将某事瞒着某人
(3)free vt.释放free sth from把……从……释放出来；
使……摆脱
I just managed to keep myself from falling down.
我努力不让自己摔倒。
She knew that he was keeping something from her.
她知道他有事瞒着她。
They freed the birds from the cages.
他们把鸟儿从笼子里放出来了。
【即境活用】
完成句子
①He wants to ________ some of his responsibilities.
他想摆脱他的某些责任。
②I hope I'm not________doing your work.
希望我没有妨碍你工作。
答案 ①keep himself free from ②keeping you from
6．comment n．评论；议论
vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论
Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
与你的搭档交换概要，然后相互作出评论。
【即境活用】
根据语境填空
①—Do you have anything to say about the matter
——对于这件事你有什么要说的吗？
—Sorry，________！
——对不起，无可奉告！
句型转换
②The old lady likes making comments on/about what she has seen.
→The old lady likes________what she has seen.
答案 ①no comment ②commenting on
7．They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.
他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，从而变得更肥沃。
【分析】
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中“makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile”为make＋复合宾语。其中“richer in minerals and so more fertile”为宾语补足语。
【即境活用】
仿写句子
他们觉得这让他们更加幸福快乐。
____________________
答案 They feel that this makes them happier and more cheerful.
8．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。
【分析】
(1)此句为主从复合句。
(2)句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词crops，并且that在从句中充当主语。
(3)句中“making it ready...”为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语，描述谓语动作发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。
Many people from all over the world have moved to America，making it the most multicultural country in the world.来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。
He cut off the wire，preventing a big fire.
他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。
【即境活用】
________ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012·陕西高考)
A．Standing B．To stand
C．Stood D．Stand
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们站在长长的队伍中等商店开门了买新款iPad。逻辑主语we与动词stand之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状态。
答案 A
定语从句(2)——非限制性定语从句
应用透析：非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导。
【语境感悟】
1．As we know，littering pollutes the environment.(2012·辽宁)
2．Last night，I lost my ID card in our campus，which really makes me worried. (2011·全国)
3．For lunch，we will prepare dumplings and noodles，which are typical food of China. (2011·天津)
4．I know they are troubled by poverty and diseases，many of whom even have dropped out of school. (2011·上海)
5．May 12,2008 was an unforgettable day，when a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school.
(2011·福建)
【学以致用】
1．出乎我们的意料，天气非常好。
____________________
2．众所周知，月亮围绕地球转。
____________________
3．我妈妈有本好书，但书的封皮很可怕。
____________________
4．我们不应该把钱花在给这么多人体检上，他们大部分都很健康。
____________________
5．他写的作文最好，这让我们很意外。
____________________
答案 1.The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
2．As is known to all，the moon travels round the earth.
3．My mother has a good book，whose cover looks terrible.
4．We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy.
5．He wrote the best composition，which surprised all of us.
假设你是李华，请就食品卫生问题，给某报社英文栏目编辑写一封100词左右的信，内容要点如下：
1．你的邻居因食用从市场买回来的伪劣食品中毒；
2．你目睹了他们中毒及在邻里帮助下脱险的经过；
3．呼吁社会各界重视食品卫生与安全；打击牟取暴利的不法商贩。
注意：信的开头与落款已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：伪劣食品fake food；卫生hygiene
【提高训练】
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning incident.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning incident.Several days ago，my neighbor family ate a bag of fake food from the market.After the meal，they had stomachaches and brought up what they had eaten as their faces turned pale.Fortunately，another neighbor passed by only to find the accident and immediately called the ambulance，which carried them quickly to hospital.After several hours' treatment they finally escaped from death.
From this all of us have realized the importance of food safety.As some illegal businessmen are only interested in making profits in the race to become rich quickly，they seldom care about the necessary safety measures and hygiene or care what happens to consumers.They must be charged by law.Meanwhile I do hope the whole society shall begin taking action to protect people's life safety.
Yours，
Li Hua
提 示 课后完成《活页规范训练》Unit 2(2)
