课件83张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists John Snow was born on March 15,1813，in the city of York，England.①As a boy he proved to be a bright student，so his mother sent him to a private school，where he excelled. Snow planned to become a physician，and at fourteen，he was apprenticed(使某人当学徒)to Dr.William Hardcastle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Snow had an analytical mind that paid attention to details that others often ignored.During his early years as an apprentice，he filled notebooks with his thoughts and observations on scientific subjects. During the London cholera epidemic(流行霍乱)of 1831～1832，he became a student at the School of Medicine in Great Windmill Street，London.After two years of schooling，he was accepted as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Snow was a believer in the germ theory of cholera. In 1849 Snow wrote a book“On the Mode of Communication of Cholera，”in which he suggested that the“cholera poison”was spread(传播)through the pollution of food or water. This theory should be against the more commonly accepted idea that cholera，like all diseases，multiplied in the air,and ②a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. On April 7,1853，he used chloroform(三氯甲烷，旧时医用麻醉剂)to Queen Victoria at the birth of her eighth child，Prince Leopold.And it wasn’t until 1854，when cholera struck England once again，that Snow’s argument that cholera was spread through polluted food or water was recognized. For his efforts to determine how cholera was spread and for the statistical mapping methods he used，③John Snow is widely considered to be the father of modern epidemiology.Tasks：
1．佳句仿写
①...so...
我迷路了，所以我买了一张街道地图。
_________________________________________________
②...until...
一直等到天开始黑下来。
________________________________________________
③is considered to be...
他目前被认为是英国最出色的运动员。
________________________________________________I was lost so I bought a street map.Wait until it starts getting dark.He is currently considered to be the best British athlete.2．True(T)or false(F)
①As a boy，John Snow filled notebooks with his thoughts
and observations on scientific subjects. ( )
②John Snow believed that the “cholera poison”was spread
through the pollution of food or water. ( )
③Snow’s argument that cholera was spread through
polluted food or water was recognized when it was put
forward. ( )F TF Unit 1 Great scientists Period 1 Warming Up，Pre-reading & Reading 课件（人教版必修5，课标通用）Ⅰ.单词识记
1．_______ v．to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for
sth bad
2．________v．to think something is probably true,especially
something bad
3．_________v．to tell people sth officially，especially about a
decision，a plan，etc.
4．________n．sth that tests strength，skill，or ability，
especially in a way that is interestingtblame suspect challenge announce 5．________v．to put sb/sth in a place or situation where they
are not protected
6．________n．the part of an object that you use for holding it
7．________v．to win a victory over someone in a war，
competition，game etc.
8．________n．someone who paints pictures or whose job is
painting houses or other buildings
9．________v．to make a person or an animal healthy again
after an illness
10．________n．someone who has been attacked，robbed，
or murderedexpose handle defeat painter cure victim Ⅱ.短语天地
1．提出____________
2．得出结论________________
3．使暴露_______________
4．调查_______________
5．将……和……联系或连接起来_____________
6．of sb ’ s/sth ’ s day_______________________
7．face a challenge__________________
8．be to blame__________________
9．with certainty_____________
10．mark...on a map_______________________put forward draw a conclusion expose...to look into link...to... 在某人/某物存在的时候面临挑战 该受责备，应负责 确信 在地图上把……标出来Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
[信息提取] neither...nor...即不……，也不……，连接句
中两个相同成分。
[例句仿写] 我既不想知道，也不关心。
Neither do I want to know it，________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________.
2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time
there was an outbreak.
[信息提取] every(each，any，next，first，last)time作连
词使用，引导时间状语从句。nor doI care about it [例句仿写] 杰克每次来城里都会来看望我。
Jack________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________he comes to town.
3．The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
[信息提取] suggest vt.暗示，表明
[例句仿写] 他脸上的表情说明他非常高兴。
The look on his face __________ ________ ________
_______ _________.will drop in on me Every time suggested that he was happy Ⅳ.预读理解
1．Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers
according to the text.
①John Snow became inspired________.
A．when he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of
her babies
B．when he knew it would never be controlled until its
cause was found
C．when he thought about helping ordinary people
exposed to cholera
D．when he wanted to use his knowledge to help solve
the problemC②How did John Snow prove the second theory?
A．He gathered the information，marked on a map where
all the dead people had lived.
B．He gathered the information，marked on a map where
all the dead people had lived and looked into the source
of the water.C．He gathered the information，marked on a map where
all the dead people had lived and removed the handle
from the water pump.
D．He gathered the information，marked on a map where
all the dead people had lived and told people to move
away from Broad Street.
答案：B
③What does“it ” mean in the sentence“A woman，who
had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water so
much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her
house every day”？
A．The water. B．Broad Street.
C．Outbreak. D．Cholera.
答案：A④What made John Snow find the cause of cholera?
A．Kindness，carefulness and good observation.
B．Strong determination，patience and selfishness.
C．Queen Victoria ordered him to do this.
D．His family were affected by cholera.
答案：A⑤What does the text mainly tell us about?
A．John Snow who was a famous doctor had two theories
about how cholera was spread.
B．John Snow，a famous doctor who tested the two
theories，found the cause of cholera and how to control it.
C．John Snow as a famous doctor made great contributions
to medicine.
D．John Snow and his two theories about cholera were
important and great in history.
答案：B2．Careful Reading：Read the text carefully and fill in the
blanks，one word for each blank.deadly cure theories neighbourhoodssevere blame polluted Measures source instructed1．conclude
(1)vt.得出结论，推断出
He concluded from their remarks that they were not in
favour of the plan.
他从他们的评论中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。(2)vt. & vi.结束；使终止
He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。
The book concluded with a happy ending.
这本书以大团圆作为结束。conclude(sth)with sth/by doing sth 以……结束(某事)
conclude...from... 从……中推断出
conclusion n. 结束；结论；决定；协定
draw a conclusion 得出结论come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
bring...to a conclusion 结束……
in conclusion 最后We came to a conclusion that the room must have been empty.
我们得出的结论是：那个房间(当时)一定是空着的。
What is the surest way to bring the London riots to a
conclusion？结束伦敦骚乱最可靠的办法是什么？
It is hoped that both China and Australia can conclude the
Free Trade Agreement(FTA)talks by the end of this year.
希望中国和澳大利亚到今年年终时能结束自由贸易协定的
谈判。【完成句子】
①He__________his speech________reading a poem.
他以朗诵一首诗结束了他的演讲。
②What can you________ ________these facts?
从这些事实中你能得出什么结论？
③We________ ________ ___________that he was against our
plan.我们得出结论他反对我们的计划。concludedby conclude from reached the conclusion2．attend vt.& vi.
(1)出席；参加
attend school 上学(＝go to school)
attend a lecture/movie 听演讲/看电影
attend church 去教堂(＝go to church)
We’d like as many people as possible to attend the lecture.
我们希望尽可能多的人听演讲。
Do you attend church every week？你每星期都去教堂吗？
Everyone in the office was expected to attend the meeting.
希望办公室每一个人都出席会议。(2)照顾；看护
attend on/upon sb照顾某人
His mother is ill，so he has to attend on her.
他母亲生病了，因此他必须照顾她。
He was badly injured.As a result，he was attended(on)by
three nurses.他伤势严重。因此，有3名护士护理他。(3)attend to sb/sth 处理，对付；接待(顾客)；专心，注意
Attend to your work and stop talking.
专心工作，不要说话。
Excuse me，but I have an urgent matter to attend to.
对不起，我有件急事要办。【完成句子】
①Only a few friends _________ ________ ________.
只有几个朋友参加了他们的婚礼。
②Students must ________ ________ their work.
学生必须专心于他们的工作。
③She ________ ________in hospital.
她在医院护理他。attended their wedding attend to attended him3．defeat(defeated，defeated)
(1)vt.打败；战胜(战争、比赛中的对手)
The army defeated the enemy in the end.
军队最终战胜了敌人。
(2)vt.使(计划、希望等)落空，使失败
Lack of money defeated my plan.
缺钱使我的计划落空。(3)n.失败，击败，挫折
Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我们的棒球队再次被击败。【比较网站】 defeat/beat/win【完成句子】
①They________the battle but lost many men.
他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但也牺牲了很多人。
②I tried to____________him but he was too much for me.
我想打败他，但力不从心。
③Tom suffered ________in the English examination.
汤姆英语考试失败了。won beat/defeat defeat4．expose vt.使曝光，揭露；使暴露(经常与to连用)
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time is harmful to
your skin.
在阳光下暴晒很长时间有害于皮肤。（1）exposed adj.暴露于危险的，无遮蔽的
The army was left in an exposed position.
军队被留在无掩蔽的阵地上。
（2）expose sth to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下The soil was washed away by the flood，exposing bare rock.
泥土被洪水冲走，露出光秃秃的石头。
The poor girl was left exposed to the wind and rain.
这个可怜的女孩被弃于风雨之中。
The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy ’ s
fire.
空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。【比较网站】 expose/uncover【完成句子】
①Don't________ ________ ________the sun for too
long.You will get burnt.
别在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤的。
②I threatened to________ ________ __________ ________
________.
我威胁要向警察检举他。
③Please ________the pot.
请拿掉锅盖。expose yourself to expose him to the policeuncover5．cure
(1)n.治疗，治疗法，(人)恢复健康
Doctors are searching for a cure for AIDS.
医生们正在寻找艾滋病的治疗方法。
There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法，但可以医治。(2)vt.治疗；治愈；治好
cure sb of sth 使某人恢复健康；消除某人的心理问题
cure sb 使某人恢复健康；纠正，消除(弊病等)
Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.
父母试图改掉孩子的恶习。【比较网站】 cure/treat/heal【完成句子】
①This medicine________him of his cough.
这种药治好了他的咳嗽。
②Which doctor is________you for your disease?
为你治病的是哪位大夫？cured treating6．absorb v．吸收
Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.
黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。
The big company has gradually absorbed these small
companies into its own organization.
这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。Some fishermen used straw mats to absorb oil near
the shore in Dongying.
一些渔民在东营海滨附近用稻草垫吸油。
He was absorbed in reading a novel and didn't even
look up when I came in.
他在聚精会神地读小说，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。(1)absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
absorb sb ’ s attention 吸引某人的注意
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
be absorbed in＝put one's heart into 全神贯注于……
【图解助记】【完成句子】
①The boy________ ________ ________ ________a letter
and paid no attention to what was going on around him.
那个男孩聚精会神地写信，没有注意身边发生的事情。
②_________ ________ ________ ________，Tom simply
forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。was absorbed in writing Absorbed in his work【单项填空】
③For the next two hours she was ________the film，so
she didn ’ t notice what happened around her.
A．engaged in B．busy in
C．absorbed in D．occupied with
解析 句意：在接下来的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，
因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be engaged in doing
sth从事/忙于做某事；be busy in doing sth忙于做某事；be
absorbed in sth全神贯注于某事；be occupied with sth忙
于某事。
答案 C7．suspect vt.认为，怀疑 n．[C]被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
I suspect the truth of the lady's statements.
我对那位女士那番话的真实性表示怀疑。The man began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of
him.
那个人开始觉察出他们试图摆脱他。
I suspect him to be the pickpocket.＝I suspect that he is the
pickpocket.
我怀疑他是小偷。
The police took the suspect to the police station.
警察把这个嫌疑犯带到了警察局。suspect sth 怀疑有某事
suspect that... 怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb of(doing)sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是……
I suspect... 我想……【完成句子】
①He________ _________ ________murder.
他有谋杀的嫌疑。
②What he said sounds reasonable，but I_________
________ ________ ________a lie.
他的话听起来像那么回事，但我认为那是谎话。
③It seems that the man dressed in black is________
________.
那个穿黑色衣服的男人似乎是嫌疑犯。is suspected of suspected it to bethesuspect 8．blame
(1)vt.责备；指责；把……归咎于
be to blame(for sth) 对(坏事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎到某人身上Which driver was to blame for the accident？
哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？
People blamed the traffic accident on his careless driving.
人们把那起交通事故归咎于他的粗心驾驶。
Don’t always blame your own failure on others.
Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时该怪你自己。(2)n.(U)过失；责备
get the blame 受到责难
bear/take the blame for sth 对某事承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人
Why do I always get the blame for everything?
为什么每件事都要怪到我头上？
The other driver kept trying to put the blame on me.
另一个司机竭力想把责任往我身上推。
You must bear the blame for the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。【单句改错】
①It is he not you that is to be blame.
____________________________________________________
②The boss blamed the accident in me.
____________________________________________________
【完成句子】
③Police________ ________ ________ ________the accident
on the careless driver.
警察把事故的责任归咎于司机的粗心。
④If that happens，the coach________ ________ ________
________ ________it.如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。去掉be in改为on laid the blame forwill take the blame for 9．announce vt.宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)；(尤指通过广播)
通知
The teacher announced to us the experiment result at the
beginning of the first class.
在第一节课开始的时候,老师把实验结果告诉了我们大家。
Please announce to your class that there will be no school
tomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。
It has been announced that Mr.Green and Miss White will
be married at the end of the year.
格林先生和怀特小姐已宣布将于年底结婚。announce sth(to sb) (向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that... 宣布……；通知……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
announcement n. 通知，通告【比较网站】 announce/declare【完成句子】
①Chongqing police __________ a reward for reporting
crime clues.
重庆警方宣布将给予提供犯罪线索者一笔赏金。
②________ ________ __________ ________ there will be
a celebration on National Day.
据宣布，国庆节要举行庆祝会。
③We are pleased to __________ ________all seven
candidates were successful.
我们高兴地宣布七位候选人全部当选。announced It is announced that announce that1．put forward提出；提议；将……提前；拨快(时钟)
Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward a five-point
proposal calling on all nuclear-armed countries to keep
their nuclear facilities safe.中国国家主席胡锦涛提出一
项五点建议，号召所有核国家保持核设施的安全。They have put forward the date of their wedding by one
week.
他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the
committee？我能否提名你当委员会主席？
Remember to put your clock forward tonight.
记着今晚把时钟往前拨。
【图解助记】 put away 放好；把……收起；积蓄
put aside 忽视；不理睬；积蓄
put through 给……拨通电话；完成
put off 推迟；取消
put down 写下；记下；镇压
put up with 容忍；忍受
put on 穿上；上演；打开
put on weight 发胖，增加体重用put的相关短语填空
①Can you ________me ________to this number?
②Never________________till tomorrow what you can do today.
③The boy________the food________in the cupboard
after he finished his dinner.
④I can ’ t ______________his violent temper.
⑤No one can_____________a plan better than the one under
consideration.
⑥The sports meet will be____________till next week because
of the bad weather.put through can you put aside put awayput up with put forward put off2．(1)link...to/with...把……与……连接或联系起来
【图解助记】 For centuries farmers have linked the behavior of
animals to changes in the weather.
几个世纪以来农民们一直把动物行为与天气变化联
系在一起。(2)be linked to/with sth与……有关
Our economy is closely linked with America ’ s.
我们的经济与美国经济紧密相连。
(3)link up with和……有关(连接起来)
The space shuttle will link up with the space station
this afternoon.
航天飞机将于今天下午和太空站对接。【句型转换】
①What skills can you offer that are relevant to this job?
What skills can you offer that________ ________ _______
this job?
【完成句子】
②A new freeway will be built ________ ________ ________ our city________Wuhan.
一条连接我市与武汉的新高速公路即将修建。
③She ________ _________ ________ a noble family.
她是某名门望族的亲戚。are linked toto link up withis connected with3．look into 调查；向……里面看去
A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立工作组调查该问题。
Mr.Jones said he was looking into the possibility of buying
a house.琼斯先生说他正在研究买房子的可能性。
I usually look into a book before deciding whether to read it.
我通常在决定是否读这本书之前先浏览一下。
We should look into the future instead of always living in
the past.我们应该向前看，不要总是生活在过去。
Look into my eyes－you will see what you mean to me.
看看我的眼睛，你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。look after 照顾
look ahead 向前看，展望未来
look down upon 看不起，轻视
look for 寻找
look forward to 盼望
look out 留神，当心
look through 看穿，浏览
look up 查找【句型转换】
①A. The police are trying to find out the cause of the
fire the building around the corner caught last
night.
B．The building around the corner caught fire last
night.The police are now________ ________
________ ________.looking into the matter 用look短语的适当形式填空
②________ ________in the distance，and you can see
the lights of the village.
③He________ ________the directory to look for her
number.
④Her parents tell her not to________ ________ ________
countrymen.
⑤We________ ________ ________the return of spring.
⑥You can________ ________this word in the
vocabulary.Look ahead looked through look down upon look forward tolook up 1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不了
解它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。
【句型精讲】
neither...nor既不……也不……，连词，连接两个并列的
句子成分，表示对两者的否定。
He neither drinks，smokes，nor eats meat.
他不喝酒，不抽烟，也不吃肉。当连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要根据就近原则，即
根据靠近谓语动词的主语来确定谓语的单复数。
Neither my father nor I was there.
我父亲和我都不在那里。
Neither do I want to know it，nor do I care about it.
我既不想知道，也不关心。
具有相同用法的句型：either...or... 或者……或者……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……【完成句子】
①________France________Britain will attend the meeting
next week.
法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。
②Neither Betty nor her parents________ ________the film.
贝蒂和她的父母都没看过这部电影。
③________ ________ ________ ________speak more
correctly，________he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。Neither nor have seen Not only did he but 2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there
was an outbreak.每次疾病暴发，都有数以万计的人死掉。
在这个句子中every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
例如：every time,each time,the first time,the last time,next
time,the moment,the minute,as soon as, immediately,
instantly, directly等。Every time he comes back to his hometown，he will call
on his former teachers.
每次他回到家乡，他都会去看望原来的老师。
I couldn’t help being angry every time he laughed at me.
每次他嘲笑我时，我总忍不住生气。
The first time I went abroad，I could hardly understand
what the foreigners said.
我第一次出国时几乎听不懂外国人说些什么。The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild
animals.我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。
The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was
surrounded by his fans.
这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。【温馨提示】 在every/each time等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。【单项填空】
Every time he________to visit me，he ________buy me
some books.(2013·西安高二检测)
A．will come；will B．comes；will
C．comes；would D．will come；would
解析 考查时态。every time引导时间状语从句时，从句
的谓语动词用现在时表示将来。故B项正确。
答案 B3．The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空中繁殖着。
John Snow suggested that the source of all the water
supplies be examined.
约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检验。
suggest v. (1)表明，暗示
The expression on her face suggested that she was sad.
她脸上的表情表明她很忧伤。
Opinion polls suggest that only 25% of the population
trust the government.
民意测验显示只有25%的人信任政府。(2)建议
He suggested that the work (should)be started at once.
他建议立即动工。
It is suggested that the work (should) be finished as soon as
possible.有人提议那项工作要尽早完成。
She suggested going to the park with her children.
她建议和孩子一起去公园。【一言助记】His sleepy look suggested that the man was tired from his
work and we suggested he (should)have a rest.
他困倦的表情显示这个人工作累了。我们建议他休息一下。【归纳拓展】
suggest所接宾语从句的谓语动词用 (should)do ，能这
样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：advise，suggest，recommend
四要求：require，request，demand，desire“ ”【感悟高考】
The fact that so many people still smoke in public
places________that we may need a nationwide campaign to
raise awareness of the risks of smoking.(2011·江苏，22)
A．suggest B．suggests C．suggested D．suggesting
解析 句意：仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们
可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认
识。本句说明了一个现在存在的事实,故用一般现在时。主
句的主语是the fact，故谓语用动词的第三人称单数形式
suggests。suggest在此句中的意思是“表明”,并非“建议”。
答案 B【单项填空】
①We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters
thick，which suggests that they________the fire burning
all winter.(2011·厦门高二检测)
A．should keep B．might have kept
C．should have kept D．might keep
解析 考查suggest的用法。句意：我们一直在挖掘的灰烬大
约有6米厚，这表明他们可能整个冬天都让火保持不灭。此处
的suggest表示“表明，暗示”，因此不用虚拟语气，故选B。
答案 B②Bill suggested________a meeting on what to do for the
30th Olympic Games during the vacation.
A．having held B．to hold
C．holding D．hold
解析 根据句意知suggest此处意为“建议”，构成
suggest doing句型，故选C。
答案 C③Class regulations require________is the last to leave
the classroom________off all the lights.
A．who；should turn B．whom；shall turn
C．whomever；turns D．whoever；turn
解析 句意：班规要求任何最后离开教室的人都要关掉所有
的灯。在require后面的宾语从句中，whoever作主语从句的
主语，谓语动词使用(should)do虚拟语气形式，故选D。
答案 D4．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，
liked the water from the pump so much that she had had it
delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过
来的，她特别喜欢那井里的水，每天都要让人把水运到家
里来。
(1)who...Street是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A
woman；that至句末是结果状语从句。
(2)句中had it delivered用了have sth done这一结构。have
sth done意为“让某事被做；使遭受”。He had his letter posted yesterday.
他昨天让人把信寄走了。
The boss had his car repaired this Saturday.
周六老板把车修理了一下。
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by
the noise of the machines.
在一些工业部门工作的工人的听力让机器噪音给毁坏了。
(句中指工人们“遭受到”机器的伤害)。（1）have sb do sth让……做某事（do sth作宾补，sb与do 构
成逻辑上的主谓关系）
（2）have sb/sth doing sth让……一直做某事（表示动作一直
在进行，doing 也作宾补）She has her husband do some housework every day.
她每天让丈夫做些家务。
Who has him crying over there？谁让他一直在那里哭？
【温馨提示】 have之后不能跟带to的不定式作宾补，但当
have作“有”讲时，可用于have sth to do的结构中。此时，
to do为不定式作定语。
I have something to eat.我有一些吃的东西。【完成句子】
①When will the girl_______ _______ __________ ________
________？
这个女孩什么时候交作业？
②He________ ________ ________ ________while playing
football.他踢足球时摔断了腿。
③Don’t have the child________all the time.
不要一直让孩子学习。have her homework handedin had his leg broken studying 课件46张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists Period 2 Learning about Language & Using Language 课件（人教版必修5，课标通用）Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________vt.to refuse to accept，believe in，or agree with
sth
2．________adj.hopeful and confident，and think about what
is good in a situation rather than what is bad
3．________vi.& vt.to turn around and round very quickly，or
to make sth do this
4．_________vt.to build sth such as a house,bridge,road,etc.reject positive spin construct 5．___________vt.& vi.to give money，help，ideas，etc.to sth
that a lot of other people are also involved in
6．__________ n．when someone or something changes position
or moves from one place to another
7．___________ adj.feeling or showing a lot of interest and
excitement about something
8．________ n．all space，including all the stars and planets
9．________ adj.careful to avoid danger or risks
10．_________ n．a small container filled with powder that
burns or explodes to produce color lights and noise in the skycontribute novement enthusiastic universe cautious fireworkⅡ.短语天地
1．除……之外，此外____________
2．讲得通，有意义____________
3．向……走去，前进_________________
4．下定决心__________________
5．导致____________
6．____________come to an end
7．____________be strict with
8．____________at times
9．____________work on
10．_____________make room forapart from make sense make one’s way tomake up one’s mind lead to 结束 对……严格的 有时 从事于 为……腾地方 Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the
other planets in the sky make sense.
[信息提取] only＋介词短语/状语从句/副词放在句首时主
句用倒装语序。
[例句仿写] 我只有找到工作才能弄到足够的钱继续大学
的学业。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________to
continue my studies at college.Only if I get a job Can I have enough money 2．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system
with the planets going round it and only the moon still
going round the earth.
[信息提取] with＋宾语＋宾补在句中作状语。宾补可
以是doing，to do，done，adj.，n.，adv.等。
[例句仿写] 随着经济的快速发展，我们国家将在国际
事务中发挥更积极的作用。
________ ________ ________ __________ ________，our
country will play a more active role in international
affairs.With the economy developing quickly 3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our
ideas of the universe are built.
[信息提取] on which即“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句
时，介词的选择取决于先行词或从句中的动词搭配。
[例句仿写] 这就是他被抚养长大的那个村庄。
This is the village________ ________he was brought up.in which 1．construction n. 构造、组成、创造；建筑；施工，建筑物
Work has been begun on the construction of the new airport.
新机场的修建已经开始。
The construction of a new theory is always hard work.
一个新理论的创立往往是件艰难的事情。
The governments in cities with large numbers of low-income
families should speed up the construction of low-rent housing.
有大量低收入家庭的城市政府部门应该加快廉租房的建设。【归纳拓展】
construct vt. 建筑；建造；创建；组成
constructional adj. 建造的；构造的；建筑的
constructive adj. 建设性的；有助益的；积极的
constructor n. 建筑者；制造者
(be) under construction 正在建设中；在施工
be constructed of/out of/from sth 由……建成【完成句子】
①The new railway is________ ____________(正在施工中)．
②What you said at the meeting is _____________(积极的)．under construction constructive 2．contribute vt.& vi.捐助(金钱、物品等)；贡献(时间、
精力等)
Most people contributed some money towards the new
church buildings.
大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐了点钱。
While maintaining its national interest，China should
actively contribute to world peace and development.
在维护国家利益的同时，中国应积极地为世界和平和发展
作贡献。His carelessness contributed to the accident.
他的粗心大意导致了这次事故。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to one's health.
适度运动有益于健康。
He contributed some articles to the newspaper.
他给报社投了几篇稿。(1)contribute(sth)to/towards sth 捐献；贡献给……；
给……投稿
contribute to sth 有助于；促成；导致
(2)contribution n．[C] 贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to... 为……作贡献【图解助记】【一言助记】 Many people contributed money to the poor
boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer
wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他得以重返校园。一位作家
写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。【比较网站】 contribute/devote【完成句子】
①I will ________ my whole life to scientific research，and
_________ _______ the country where I was born and the
people who brought me up.
我将用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我养育我
的祖国和人民。
②Some Public Service Ads mainly aim to______ ____________
________ society.
一些公益广告的主要目的是为社会作贡献。
③Our teacher often tells us that taking exercise____________
________good health.
我们的老师经常告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。devote contribute to make contributions to contributes to 3．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
The manager was never cautious about other people’s
feelings.经理从来不留意别人的感情。
Tourists should be cautious when signing a contract with a
travel agency.游客与旅行社签合同时要谨慎。
She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.
她小心翼翼，免得伤害他的感情。be cautious about (doing) sth 对……小心谨慎
be cautious of 留心……，谨防……
caution n. 小心，谨慎
v. 警告，提醒
【比较网站】 careful/cautious【完成句子】
①I’ve always been very ________ ________ my address to
strangers.
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
②She________ ________ ________ ________telling secrets.
她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。
③The boss ________ ________ ________making promises.
老板对承诺持谨慎态度。cautious about is very cautious of is cautious about4．reject vt.拒绝；不接受(提议、建议等)；摒弃
I make it clear to him that I reject his proposal.
我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。
The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.
病人的身体排斥移植的心脏。
He rejected changing his mind.
他拒绝改变主意。【图解助记】【比较网站】 reject/refuse【完成句子】
①I’ve been ________ by all the universities I applied to.
所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。
②Iran still ________ admitting that it tries to make
nuclear weapons.
伊朗仍拒绝承认它在试图制造核武器。
【翻译句子】
③他不让我去那儿。
______________________________________________rejected rejects He refused to let me go there.The battle brought the war to an end.
这次战役结束了战争。
We want to put an end to discrimination.
我们要终结歧视。
They earn so little that they can’t make both ends meet.
他们赚钱很少，难以使收支相抵。【翻译句子】
①许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
________________________________________________
②你能不能别再说那种闲话？
________________________________________________
③政府将采取措施结束罢工。
_______________________________________________
_____________Many families struggle to make both ends meet.Can you put an end to that kind of gossip?The government will take measures to bring the strike
to an end.2．apart from 除去，除了
In the terrible earthquake，apart from the injuries to his
face and hands，he broke both legs.
在这场大地震中，他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也
断了。
It’s a good piece of work，apart from a few slight faults.
除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件漂亮的工作。
Apart from the cost，it will take a lot of time.
除了费钱以外，还要花很多时间。【温馨提示】 在以上三个例句中，第一、三句apart
from的用法分别相当于besides/in addition to，第二句其
用法相当于except for。此外，apart from还可表示“脱
离开”的意思。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
任何知识都不能脱离实践。【比较网站】 besides/except/except for/except/that/apart
from/in addition/in addition to
(1)besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义。
表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分也包括在内。作副词
时，单独使用，等于in addition。作介词时后须跟宾语，等于
in addition to。
(2)except意为“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，
除去的部分不包括在内。(3)except for意为“除……之外”，用于引述细节以修正
和补充句子的主干部分。
(4)except that，后跟从句。
(5)apart from具有多重意思，根据不同语境，既可代替
besides，也可代替except或except for。【句型转换】
①A. Although he made several mistakes，the composition
was well done on the whole.
B. ________ ________several mistakes he made，the
composition was well done on the whole.Apart from 【完成句子】
②________ ________you，I had no one to talk to.
除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。
③________ ________ ________maths，she is good at
physics.除了数学外，她还擅长物理。Apart from In addition to3．be strict with对……严格的
He is very strict with his students.
他对学生非常严格。
Mom and Dad were always very strict with us.
父母对我们总是严格要求。
be strict about 对某事很严格
be strict in 对某事严格要求(强调在做的事)
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格【完成句子】
①I think you________ ________ ________ ________your
children.
我认为你对你的孩子要求太严了。
②Most schools________ ________ ________the way
students dress.
大多数学校对学生的着装有严格要求。
③Mr Green________ ________ ________ ________moral
education.
格林先生在道德教育方面很严格。are too strict with are strict about is very strict in4．lead to导致，通向
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
This will probably lead to trouble in the future.
这日后将可能导致麻烦。
What led you to believe I was not good at physics?
是什么使你相信我的物理不好？
There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
毫无疑问，压力会导致生理疾病。
The driver's carelessness led to his losing his life.
这位司机的粗心让他丢了性命。【归纳拓展】 (1)lead to sth/doing sth 导致某事/做某事
(2)lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead a/an...life 过着……的生活
(3)be in/take the lead 领头；带头；居首位常见的表示“导致，引起”的短语还有：
cause sth(to do)
result in
bring about
contribute to【单项填空】
The path________the park is lined with many trees.
A．leading to B．led to
C．was leading to D．which leading to
解析 lead to导致；通向。leading to在此作定语。
答案 A5．make sense讲得通;有意义(主语通常不是表示“人”的名词)
He doesn’t talk much，but what he says makes sense.
他话不多，但言之有理。
It makes sense to save money while you can.
钱能节省就节省，这很明智。
make no sense 没有道理
make sense of 明白，理解
in a sense 从某种意义上说
There’s no sense in doing sth 做……是没有道理/作用的
sense of... ……感【温馨提示】 make sense的主语常是“物”，而make
sense of的主语常是“人”。
【完成句子】
①This sentence________ ________ ________.
这个句子完全讲不通。
②I can’ t ________ ________ ________this poem，but
perhaps I will if I read it again.
我弄不懂这首诗的含义，但再读一遍我或许就能明白了。
③She has________ ________ ________ ________.
她没有时间观念。makes no sense make sense of no sense of time1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the
other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在
中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only＋状语/状语从句放在句首时，句子要倒装。only if
意为“只有，只要”。
Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to
enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进房间。Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.
只有靠大声呼叫和摆手才能使人注意到他。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只有他回来时我们才发现真相。
【温馨提示】 当only位于句首修饰主语时，句子不需要
倒装。
Only your teacher can help you.
只有你的老师能帮助你。【比较网站】 if only/only if
(1)if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导含虚拟语气
的条件句或感叹句。
(2)only if只要……，only if本身不是一个固定词组。Only
是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，
主句要部分倒装。【翻译句子】
①只有用这种办法你才能改善你的发音。
________________________________________________
②只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
________________________________________________
③要是你听从了他的建议就好了。
________________________________________________Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.If only you had followed his advice.2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system
with the planets going round it and only the moon still
going round the earth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中
心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球
转动。
with the planets going round it是with的复合结构，作伴
随状语。
with复合结构在句中作状语或定语，其宾语可以是名词
或代词，宾语补足语可以是介词、名词短语、过去分
词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词等。(1)with＋名词(或代词)＋现在分词
With prices going up so fast，we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。
(2)with＋名词(或代词)＋过去分词
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on
the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。(3)with＋名词(或代词)＋不定式
With so much work to do，I have no time for a holiday.
因为有很多工作要做，我没有时间度假。
(4)with＋名词(或代词)＋形容词
He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
他习惯开着窗子睡觉。
(5)with＋名词(或代词)＋介语短语
He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
他手里拿着拐杖走进黑暗的大街。(6)with＋名词(或代词)＋副词
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯都亮着。
【温馨提示】
在此复合结构中，可将with改为without。若宾补和宾语
之间是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过
去分词，若表将来含义，则用不定式。【完成句子】
①I can’t go out ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________.
我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。
②All the afternoon he worked ________ ________ ________
________.
整个下午他都锁着门工作。
③We live in a house ________ ________ ________ ________
________.
我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。with all these dishes to wash with the door locked with many flowers around it 3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our
ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论现在是所
有有关宇宙建立思想的基础。
on which引导的从句是定语从句，修饰先行词the basis。
该从句使用了build sth on the basis of这一短语。
“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句时，介词的选择要观察
该介词与先行词之间是否存在正确的介宾搭配关系，因为
引导词代替的就是先行词。I’ll never forget the day on which we first met.
我忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。(on the day)
I don’t believe the reason for which he was late.
我不相信他迟到的原因。(for the reason)
【归纳拓展】 当先行词是人的时候，可用“介词+whom（不用who）”引导定语从句This is the girl with whom I share the same room.
这就是和我共住一个房间的那位姑娘。【温馨提示】
“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句时，介词之后的引导词不
用that和who。
【完成句子】
①This is the man ________ ________ we talked.
②This is the room ________ ________ Lu Xun lived.to whom in which
