专题15.状语从句考点聚焦和精讲-2024届中考英语语法复习(原卷版+解析版)

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名称 专题15.状语从句考点聚焦和精讲-2024届中考英语语法复习(原卷版+解析版)
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状语从句考点聚焦和精讲
用来修饰主句中的动词,副词,形容词或整个句子的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句,地点状语从句,方式状语从句。状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号。
1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句表示时间,常用when;while;as;before;after;since;till/until;as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
①由when(在……的时候;当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,可表示“时间点”或“时间段”,从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。
1.When I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。
2.When he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后,他休息了一会儿。
3.When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
②由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句,只可表示“时间段”,从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内;
1.Please listen to me carefully while I read. 我读的时候请认真听。
2.I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。
3.While I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。
4.Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车。
③由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,表示的是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……;与……同时”。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。
1.The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
2.The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3.As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
4.As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
1.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
2.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
3.After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
4.I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
⑤由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
1.I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
2.We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
3.It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
4.It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.It has been/is three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经三年了。
⑥由until/till(直到……为止;直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式,表示“直到……才”的意思,主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词,这时,till和until可用before替换;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同,until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。
1.I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。
2.I didn’t work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
3.We won’t start until/till/before Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。
4.He didn’t go to bed until/till he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
⑦由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”,强调动作紧密相连。
1.We began t work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那儿,就马上开始工作。
2.As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
(2)时间状语从句的时态:
一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
1.I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。
2.Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候,开始写音乐作品。
(3)时间状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.= When (As) I got there, it was raining hard. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(4)when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
when引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”;引导宾语从句时,意为“什么时候”。
1.He asked when we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。
2.When the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多家庭都出去散步。
3.---- Do you know when he will come back tomorrow 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗?
---- Sorry, I don’t. When he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道,当他回来的时候,我就告诉你。
(5)when,while和as的区别和联系:都可表示“当……的时候”,但用法有区别:
① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
1.When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
2.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
3.We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
1.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候,我在看电视。(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
2.I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
③ as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。
1.We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
2.As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
④ 从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换。
1.I met an old friend of mine as/when/while I was walking along the street. 当我沿街散步时,碰见了我的一个老朋友。
2.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/while father was away. 妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
⑤ 主从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换。
It was raining hard when (as) I got there. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。(动作同时发生,when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
⑥ 从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。
While we were in Beijing, the weather was fine. 当我们在北京的时候,天气晴朗。
2. 地点状语从句
是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。(谚语)
2.Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语)
3.Wherever you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处,多用于句首。
4.It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.它将是一所混合式学校,那里的儿童并不都是残疾。
3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
2.---- Why can’t I go 为什么我不能去?---- Because you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
3.Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
4.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
5.As (Since) you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
6.Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
(2)as, because, since和for的区别:
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。
I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。
1.Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
2.As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
4. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。
1.Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
2.As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
3.Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
4.If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
(2)条件状语从句的时态:一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
1.I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
2.You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
(3)条件状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。
Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
(4)条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。
1.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
2.If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
(5)if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
5. 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便,为了,目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词);in order that(为了;以便);in case(以防;以免;万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。
2.She bought a digital camera online so that she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。
3.We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
=We used the computer in order to save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
4.I will take some money in case I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用
5.He left early in case he should miss the train. 他早早地离开,以防错过火车。
(2)so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。
She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
→She hurried to school (in order) not to be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
6. 让步状语从句
(1)是由though/although(虽然,尽管);even if/though(虽然,尽管,即使);whoever=no matter who(无论谁);however=no matter how(无论怎样);whatever=no matter what(无论什么);whenever=no matter when(无论何时);wherever=no matter where(无论何地);whichever=no matter which(无论哪一个);as(“虽然”用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装);while (“虽然;然而”一般用在句首)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.He won’t listen whatever you may say. 无论你说什么他都不听。
2.Child as he is, he knows a lot of things. 他虽然是个孩子,却知道很多事情。
3.He went on working though it was very late. 虽然很晚了,他还在继续工作。
4.Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful. 他虽然努力尝试,但没有成功。
5.No matter how hard the work was, he never gave it up. 不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。
6.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. 即使天气很恶劣,那个老人总是喜欢游泳。
(2)though, although 和 but不能同时使用。但是 though, although 和yet (still)可连用。
1.Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐。
2.It’s not cheap, but it’s very good.=Though it’s not cheap, it’s very good. 这东西不便宜但是质量很好。
3.Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已长大,可我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩。
7. 比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as(和……一样);than(比);not so/as…as(和……不一样)等。涉及数量的用as many+可数名词复数+as”或“as much+不可数名词+as”结构,涉及倍数的用“…times as…as”结构。请注意掌握以下句式:
(1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”结构;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”结构。“as…as”结构既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。但“so…as”结构只能用于否定句。“as…as”,“so…as”结构中的形容词或副词只能用原级,不能用比较或最高级。如:
1.I can’t write as/so well as you. 我不能写得像你一样好。
2.He doesn’t study as hard as his brother. 他没有他弟弟学习努力。
3.Our classroom is as big as theirs. 我们教室和他们教室一样大。
4.This park is as beautiful as that one. 这个公园和那个公园一样美。
5.Our house is not so (as) big as theirs. 我们的房子没有他们的房子大。
6.He speaks English as well as his teacher. 他的英语讲得和他老师一样好。
(2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“形容词或副词的比较级形式+than从句”(从句中常省略与主句意义相同的部分)。单音节形容词或副词的比较级前可加much, still, far, even, a lot, a little, a great deal, any等修饰词,加强语气或说明程度。
1.Today is less cold than yesterday. 今天没有昨天冷。
2.We work harder than you (do). 我们比你们工作努力。
3.He studies even harder than his brother. 他比他弟弟学习更努力。
4.Their classroom is much larger than ours. 他们的教室比我们的教室大得多。
5.He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比他们班其他任何一个同学都高。
(3)“as many+可数名词复数+as”和“as much+不可数名词+as”结构。
1.He didn’t eat as much as his brother. 他没有他弟弟吃得多。
2.He has as much money as his sister. 他的钱和他妹妹的一样多。
3.He has as many sweets as his brother. 他的糖果和他弟弟的一样多。
4.He hasn’t got as many picture books as his little brother. 他的小画书没有他小弟弟的多。
(4)用“twice或three (four…) times+as many (+可数名词复数)”或“much (+不可数名词)+as”结构表示倍数关系。
1.His money is five times as much as mine. 他的钱是我的钱的五倍。
2.He has twice as many English dictionaries as I. 他的英语字典的数量是我的两倍。
8. 方式状语从句
是由as(按照);as if/though(似乎;好像;仿佛);how(如何)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.I will do it as you told me. 我会照你说的做。
2.When in Rome, do as the Roman do. 入国问禁,入乡随俗。
3.She behaved as if she were the boss. 她表现得好像她是老板。
9. 结果状语从句
(1) 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……);such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有:
① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。
1.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。
2.The suit cost so much that he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵,他没有买。
3,His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏,他必须把它们洗一下。
② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。
1.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
2.It’s such an interesting story that everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事,大家都喜欢读它。
③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中,当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so(构成:“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”)。
1.It is such bad weather that we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不呆在家里。
2.He told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。
3.She made so many mistakes that she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了,以致于她没有通过考试。
4.He has so much work to do that he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做,以致他今晚不能来了。
④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。
Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。
(2)so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句:以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句,即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型,但这种转换必须符合下列条件:
① 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。
1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
→The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
→He was clever enough to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
② 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is light enough for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。
2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is easy enough for me to work out. 这个问题很容易,我们能算出。
③ 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to…”来替换。
1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was too tired to go on with the work. 我太累了,不能继续工作了。
2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,还不能自己穿衣服。
④ 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is too hot for us to sleep. 天气这么热,我们睡不着。
2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is too heavy for her to move. 这个袋子太重了,她搬不动它。
10. 使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
(1)主句与从句时态一致的问题:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列几种情况:
① 主将从现。即状语从句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时,从句通常不用将来时态,而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
1.If he comes, please tell me. 如果他来,请告诉我。
2.Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
3.The traffic must stop when the lights are/turn red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。
4.I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有时间时,我将去看望我的好友。
5.If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。
②since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,主句为现在完成时。
He has made several friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里,他已经交了好几个好朋友了。
③when 引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时态,从句用一般过去时态。
He was watching TV when I came in. 当我进来时,他正在看电视。
④ 过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。
⑤ 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。
1.I don’t know if (是否) he will come. If (如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来,我将告诉他这起事故。
2.I don’t know when (什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When (当……的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
(2)引导词与连词的使用:because与so不能同时用在一个主从复合句中;although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。
I am late because I miss the first bus.=I miss the first bus so I am late. 我迟到是因为我错过了第一班车。
Though/Although it was late, they kept working.= It was late, but they kept working. 尽管很晚了,他们仍然继续工作。
We are from different countries, but we all get along well. 虽然我们来自不同的国家,但是我们都相处融洽。
=Though we are from different countries, we all get along well. 虽然我们来自不同的国家,但是我们都相处融洽。
题组1
Ⅰ.将下列句子改为同义句,每空一词
①Mr.Jiang bought a robot so as to have more free time.
Mr.Jiang bought a robot  so   that   he   could  have more free time.
②The match was so exciting that the audience clapped.
It was  such   an   exciting   match  that the audience clapped.
③You will be late for school if you don’t hurry.
You will be late for school unless you hurry.
④It is thirty years since Mr.Green left his hometown.
Mr.Green  has   been   away   from  his hometown for thirty years.
Ⅱ.在空格中填入适当的连词
① Though/Although  they walked a long way, /  none of them would stop to have a rest.
② /  He/he is helpful and easy-going, so  we all choose him to be our new monitor.
③He didn’t come to school today  because  he had a bad cold.
④I’ll be your true friend, whatever happens.
⑤Please wait on your chair  until  your name is called.
题组2
填空题
1.    (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing.
答案 Although/Though 本题考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though。
2.He asked       politely that gentlemen soon began to notice him, and to let him polish their boots.
答案 so 句意:他问得如此有礼貌,以至于绅士们很快就开始注意到他了,并且让他给他们擦靴子。考查状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……,引导结果状语从句。
3.Hui still cares a lot about volleyball       (虽然) she stopped playing volleyball.
答案 although/though 句意:尽管Hui停止打排球了,但她仍然非常关心排球。设空处前后的分句在语义上为转折关系,设空处引导让步状语从句。
4.There are no hospitals.    they are ill, people have to get medicine from plants.
答案 When/If 本题考查连词。When引导时间状语从句,If引导条件状语从句。此句意思为:当/如果他们生病了,他们不得不从植物中获取药物。
5.There is less rain in the southern part than in the northern part,    the south is drier.
答案 so 本题考查连词。句意:南部的雨水比北部更少,所以南部更加干旱。设空处前后为因果关系。
6.The other day, we chatted with my grandmother    mentioned video calling over the Internet.
答案 and 本题考查连词。前后动词形式一致且意义上为并列关系,故填and。
7.She can put it anywhere in the house    it is small and doesn't take up much room.
答案 because/as 本题考查连词。 根据前后分句的意思可知,两个分句存在因果关系,前一个分句表结果,后一个分句阐述原因,故填because/as。
8.So I kept asking Harry if I could go, too—   (直到) he agreed at last!
答案 till/until 句意:因此我不停地问Harry我是否也能去——直到他最后同意了!本题考查连词的拼写。设空处引导时间状语从句,意为“直到……为止”。
9.We've been friends    we were at school together.
答案 since 句意:自从我们一起在学校的时候,我们就是朋友。本题考查连词。主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,因此填since。
10.It is       beautiful that it attracts 100,000 people every week.
答案 so 考查结果状语从句。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。
11.I usually sleep with the window open       (除非) it's really cold.
答案 unless 句意:我通常开着窗户睡觉,除非天气很冷。根据汉语提示可知答案。
题组3 选择题
1.   we go out every day, we need to check the weather report and make sure we wear proper clothes.
A.Until    B.Though    C.Before    D.Unless
答案 C 句意:每天在我们出门前,我们需要查看天气预报,确保穿合适的衣服。 考查连词。设空处连接的两个分句,有先后顺序:check the weather report和wear proper clothes应该发生在 go out 之前。因此选择C项。
2.We are not allowed to enter any public places,    we have a normal temperature.
A.if    B.unless    C.though    D.since
答案 B 句意:我们不被允许进入任何公共场所,除非我们有正常的体温。本题考查连词。if如果;unless除非;though尽管;since自从。设空处后的分句是设空处前分句的条件,因此选B。
3.    mobile phones bring us lots of pleasure and convenience, they are not supposed to take up too much of our time.
A.If    B.Unless    C.Because    D.Although
答案 D 句意:虽然手机带给我们许多快乐和方便,但是它们不应该占用我们太多的时间。考查连词。设空连接的两个分句为转折关系。
4.At the meeting, the managers kept arguing about the problem    they reached an agreement.
A.after    B.when    C.until    D.since
答案 C 本题考查连词。根据语境可知,经理们一直争论,直到达成协议为止。until直到……为止,符合题意,故选C。
5.My cousin became a country doctor    he finished medical school.
A.after    B.so that    C.but    D.so
答案 A 本题考查连词。after在……以后;so that以便,为了;but但是,表转折;so因此,表结果。设空处前后有时间上的先后顺序,故选A。
6.You need to practise speaking every day    you hope to improve your spoken English.
A.if    B.although    C.unless    D.until
答案 A 本题考查连词。if如果;although虽然,尽管;unless除非;until直到……为止。由语境可知,此空表示假设的条件,故选A。
7.Little Mary says good night to her parents    she goes to bed every day.
A.if    B.until C.before    D.unless
答案 C 句意:每天小玛丽在睡觉之前都会对她的父母道晚安。本题考查连词。if如果;until直到……为止;before在……之前;unless除非。根据常理可知,道晚安在前,睡觉在后,因此选择C项。
8.   the scientists have done lots of research on Mars, there is still much waiting to be discovered.
A.If    B.Since    C.Unless    D.Though
答案 D 句意:虽然科学家们对火星已经做了很多的研究,但还有很多等待被发现。本题考查连词辨析。if如果;since既然;unless除非;though虽然。根据句意可知,选择D项。
题组4
一、填空题
1.   the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
答案 Although/Though 本题考查连词。前半句说村庄很小,而后半句却说“我”在村庄里度过了一整天,前后存在明显的转折关系,故应用表转折关系的连词Although/Though。
2.Chen Wei isn’t at school today     he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.
答案 because 句意:陈伟今天没上学,因为他正在上海参加机器人比赛。本题考查连词。“参加机器人比赛”是“没上学”的原因,应用because。
3.    we keep our hearts open,we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.
答案 If 句意:如果我们打开心扉,我们就可以感受到友谊带给我们的快乐。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知设空处引导条件状语从句,因此填If。
4.Julie didn’t leave her office    the police arrived.
答案 until 句意:直到警察到了Julie才离开她的办公室。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
二、单项选择
1.We should take care of the earth   we can make a better world to live in.
A.so that B.until C.even if D.while
答案 A 句意:我们应该爱护地球,这样我们就能创造一个更好的居住环境。本题考查连词。so that以便;until直到;even if即使;while当……的时候。由句意可知本题应用so that 引导目的状语从句,由此可知本题选A。
2.   it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty.
A.Although B.Once C.If
答案 A 句意:今天虽然是一个公共假日, 但是我们市的一些消防员仍然在值班。本题考查让步状语从句。although虽然;once一旦;if如果。根据句意可知选A。
3.Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own,   he is only four years old.
A.if B.though C.for D.since
答案 B 句意:小杰克已经自己学会了做许多东西,虽然他只有四岁。本题考查状语从句。if如果;for因为;since自从……以来。根据题意可知,此处表让步,故选B。
4.Many people like pandas     they are cute.
A.though B.if C.while D.because
答案 D 句意:许多人喜欢大熊猫,因为它们很可爱。此题考查连词的用法。though尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;while当……时,引导时间状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。根据前后内容的意思判断空格前后是因果关系,所以选择D。
5.Mom won’t let Dick go out   he promises to be back by 10:00 tonight.
A.if B.when C.since D.unless
答案 D 句意:妈妈不会让迪克出去,除非他承诺今晚10点前回来。本题考查状语从句。if意为“如果”;when意为“当……时”;since意为“自从”;unless意为“除非”。由句意可知本题选择D。
6.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years   we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.
A.until B.before C.since
答案 C 句意:自从我们来到初中,我们的老师们已经陪伴我们将近三年了。我们应该感谢他们为我们所做的事情。本题考查连词的用法。根据句意和现在完成时态的固定句型“主句(现在完成时态)+since+从句(一般过去时态)”可知,应该选择C项。until直到……为止;before在……以前。
7.The traffic policeman took away Jim’s driver’s license   he broke the traffic rules of drunk driving.
A.though B.because C.till D.and
答案 B 句意:交警把Jim的驾照拿走了因为他违反了酒驾的交通规则。本题考查连词。though尽管;because因为;till直到……;and而且。由句意可知答案为B项。
1状语从句考点聚焦和精讲
用来修饰主句中的动词,副词,形容词或整个句子的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句,地点状语从句,方式状语从句。状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号。
1. 时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句表示时间,常用when;while;as;before;after;since;till/until;as soon as等连词来引导。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
①由when(在……的时候;当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,可表示“时间点”或“时间段”,从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。
1. I got home, he was having supper. 当我回到家的时候,他正在吃饭。
2. he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家以后,他休息了一会儿。
3. she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
②由while(当……的时候) 引导的时间状语从句,只可表示“时间段”,从句谓语只限于延续性动词。while强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内;
1.Please listen to me carefully I read. 我读的时候请认真听。
2.I can listen to the radio I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。
3. I was sleeping, my father came in. 我睡觉时,我的父亲进来了。
4.Father was cleaning the car I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电脑游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车。
③由as (当……的时候)引导的时间状语从句,表示的是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“一边……一边……;与……同时”。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as也常翻译成“随着……”之意。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。
1.The little girls sang they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
2.The students took notes they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
4. years go by, China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④由before(在……之前)和after(在……之后)引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过去时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
1.Einstein almost knocked me down he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
2.My father had left for Canada just the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
3. we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
4.I will go out to play basketball with you I finish my homework. 我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球。
⑤由since(自从……以来)引导的时间状语从句。它的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
1.I have been in Beijing you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
2.We have made many dumplings we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
3.It is four years my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
4.It is five months our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5. three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面,已经三年了。
⑥由until/till(直到……为止;直到……才)引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。需要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式,表示“直到……才”的意思,主句谓语动词一般用终止性动词,这时,till和until可用before替换;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同,until和till在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。
1.I worked until he back. 我工作到他回来为止。
2.I work he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
3.We start Bob comes. 直到鲍勃来我们才会开始。
4.He go to bed he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
⑦由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。表示“一……就……”,强调动作紧密相连。
1.We began t work we got there. 我们一到那儿,就马上开始工作。
2. I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
(2)时间状语从句的时态:
一般来说时间状语从句的主句与从句的时态前后要一致。如果时间状语从句主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
1.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就给你打电话。
2.Mozart started writing music when he four years old. (当)莫扎特四岁的时候,开始写音乐作品。
(3)时间状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。
It hard when (as) I got there.= When (As) I got there, it was raining hard. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。
(4)when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
when引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”;引导宾语从句时,意为“什么时候”。
1.He asked we will hold the sports meeting. 他问我们什么时候开运动会。
2. the weather is fine, many families go out for a walk. 天气好时,很多家庭都出去散步。
3.---- Do you know he will come back tomorrow 你知道明天他什么时候回来吗?
---- Sorry, I don’t. he comes back, I’ll tell you. 对不起我不知道,当他回来的时候,我就告诉你。
(5)when,while和as的区别和联系:都可表示“当……的时候”,但用法有区别:
① when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
1.When she in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
2.When I in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
3.We were about to leave he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
② while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
1.While my wife the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当我妻子在看报纸的时候,我在看电视。(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
2.I like playing football while you basketball. 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
③ as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。
1.We always sing we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
2. we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
④ 从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换。
1.I met an old friend of mine I was walking along the street. 当我沿街散步时,碰见了我的一个老朋友。
2.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially father was away. 妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
⑤ 主从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换。
It hard when (as) I got there. 我到那里时,正在下大雨。(动作同时发生,when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
⑥ 从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。
While we in Beijing, the weather was fine. 当我们在北京的时候,天气晴朗。
2. 地点状语从句
是由where(哪里/儿);wherever(无论何地);anywhere(无论何处);everywhere(到处)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.Where there is a will, . 有志者事竟成。(谚语)
2. there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。(谚语)
3. you go, I go too. 无论你到什么地方,我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处,多用于句首。
4.It will be mixed school not all the children are disabled.它将是一所混合式学校,那里的儿童并不都是残疾。
3. 原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
2.---- Why can’t I go 为什么我不能去?---- you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
3. everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
4. you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
5. you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
6. everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
(2)as, because, since和for的区别:
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。
I missed the train I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。
1. this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
2. he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。
I decided to stop and have lunch, I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
4. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。
1.Please call me if he at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
2.As long as I alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
3.Let’s go out for a walk unless you too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
4.If you not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
(2)条件状语从句的时态:一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
1.I won’t go there with you if it tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
2.You will fail you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
(3)条件状语从句主从句的位置:
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。
Please tell me if he back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
(4)条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。
1.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
2.If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
(5)if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
5. 目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句表示目的。是由so that(“以便,为了,目的是”从句谓语常有情态动词);in order that(为了;以便);in case(以防;以免;万一)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.You must speak louder you can be heard by all. 你必须说大声点,以便大家都能听到。
2.She bought a digital camera online she saved a lot of time. 她在网上买了个相机让她节省了很多时间。
3.We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
=We used the computer save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。
4.I will take some money I will use it. 我会带一些钱去以防我要用
5.He left early he should miss the train. 他早早地离开,以防错过火车。
(2)so that 引导的目的状语从句可转换成动词不定式短语。
She hurried to school so that she might not be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
→She hurried to school be late. 她急急忙忙去上学,为了不迟到。
6. 让步状语从句
(1)是由though/although(虽然,尽管);even if/though(虽然,尽管,即使);whoever=no matter who(无论谁);however=no matter how(无论怎样);whatever=no matter what(无论什么);whenever=no matter when(无论何时);wherever=no matter where(无论何地);whichever=no matter which(无论哪一个);as(“虽然”用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装);while (“虽然;然而”一般用在句首)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.He won’t listen you may say. 无论你说什么他都不听。
2.Child he is, he knows a lot of things. 他虽然是个孩子,却知道很多事情。
3.He went on working it was very late. 虽然很晚了,他还在继续工作。
4. he tried hard, he was not successful. 他虽然努力尝试,但没有成功。
5. hard the work was, he never gave it up. 不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。
6.The old man always enjoys swimming the weather is rough. 即使天气很恶劣,那个老人总是喜欢游泳。
(2)though, although 和 but不能同时使用。但是 though, although 和yet (still)可连用。
1. he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐。
2.It’s not cheap, but it’s very good.= it’s not cheap, it’s very good. 这东西不便宜但是质量很好。
3. we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已长大,可我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩。
7. 比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as(和……一样);than(比);not so/as…as(和……不一样)等。涉及数量的用as many+可数名词复数+as”或“as much+不可数名词+as”结构,涉及倍数的用“…times as…as”结构。请注意掌握以下句式:
(1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”结构;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”结构。“as…as”结构既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。但“so…as”结构只能用于否定句。“as…as”,“so…as”结构中的形容词或副词只能用原级,不能用比较或最高级。如:
1.I can’t write you. 我不能写得像你一样好。
2.He doesn’t study his brother. 他没有他弟弟学习努力。
3.Our classroom is theirs. 我们教室和他们教室一样大。
4.This park is that one. 这个公园和那个公园一样美。
5.Our house is theirs. 我们的房子没有他们的房子大。
6.He speaks English his teacher. 他的英语讲得和他老师一样好。
(2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“形容词或副词的比较级形式+than从句”(从句中常省略与主句意义相同的部分)。单音节形容词或副词的比较级前可加much, still, far, even, a lot, a little, a great deal, any等修饰词,加强语气或说明程度。
1.Today is than yesterday. 今天没有昨天冷。
2.We work than you (do). 我们比你们工作努力。
3.He studies even than his brother. 他比他弟弟学习更努力。
4.Their classroom is than ours. 他们的教室比我们的教室大得多。
5.He is than any other student in his class. 他比他们班其他任何一个同学都高。
(3)“as many+可数名词复数+as”和“as much+不可数名词+as”结构。
1.He didn’t eat his brother. 他没有他弟弟吃得多。
2.He has his sister. 他的钱和他妹妹的一样多。
3.He has his brother. 他的糖果和他弟弟的一样多。
4.He hasn’t got his little brother. 他的小画书没有他小弟弟的多。
(4)用“twice或three (four…) times+as many (+可数名词复数)”或“much (+不可数名词)+as”结构表示倍数关系。
1.His money is . 他的钱是我的钱的五倍。
2.He has twice . 他的英语字典的数量是我的两倍。
8. 方式状语从句
是由as(按照);as if/though(似乎;好像;仿佛);how(如何)等从属连词引导的状语从句。
1.I will do it you told me. 我会照你说的做。
2.When in Rome, do the Roman do. 入国问禁,入乡随俗。
3.She behaved she were the boss. 她表现得好像她是老板。
9. 结果状语从句
(1) 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。是由so...that(如此……以至于……);such...that(如此……以至于……)等从属连词引导的状语从句。常用的句式主要有:
① …+so+形容词/副词+that从句。
1.He spoke I couldn’t follow him. 他说得太快,我跟不上他。
2.The suit cost he didn’t buy it. 那套衣服太贵,他没有买。
3,His shoes were he must brush them. 他的鞋子这么脏,他必须把它们洗一下。
② …+such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句。
1.It is nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。
2.It’s everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事,大家都喜欢读它。
③ …+such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中,当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so(构成:“so+many/few+复数可数名词+that从句”或“so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句”)。
1.It is we have to stay at home. 天气是如此恶劣,我们不得不呆在家里。
2.He told us we all laughed. 他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。
3.She made she didn’t pass the exam. 她犯的错误太多了,以致于她没有通过考试。
4.He has he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做,以致他今晚不能来了。
④ …+so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句。
Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question. 汤姆很聪明,他能回答这个问题。
(2)so… that引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句:以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句,即可转换为“...enough to...”或“...too...to”句型,但这种转换必须符合下列条件:
① 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。
1.The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
→The man is to lift the heavy box. 这个男人如此的强壮,以致于他能举起这只沉重箱子。
2.He was so clever that he can understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
→He was to understand what I said. 他是如此的聪明,他能理解我所说的话。
② 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.The box is so light that he can carry it. =The box is for him to carry. 这个箱子如此轻以至于我可以搬动它。
2.The question is so easy that I can work it out.=The question is for me to work out. 这个问题很容易,我们能算出。
③ 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to…”来替换。
1.I was so tired that I couldn’t go on with the work.=I was go on with the work. 我太累了,不能继续工作了。
2.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.=The girl is dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,还不能自己穿衣服。
④ 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
1.It is so hot that we can’t sleep.=It is sleep. 天气这么热,我们睡不着。
2.The bag is so heavy that she can’t move it.=The bag is move. 这个袋子太重了,她搬不动它。
10. 使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
(1)主句与从句时态一致的问题:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列几种情况:
① 主将从现。即状语从句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时,从句通常不用将来时态,而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
1.If he , please tell me. 如果他来,请告诉我。
2.Be when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
3.The traffic must stop when the lights . 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。
4.I will visit my good friend when I time. 当我有时间时,我将去看望我的好友。
5.If she here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。
②since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,主句为现在完成时。
He several friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里,他已经交了好几个好朋友了。
③when 引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时态,从句用一般过去时态。
He was watching TV when I came in. 当我进来时,他正在看电视。
④ 过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。Mother when I home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。
⑤ 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。
1.I don’t know if (是否) he come. If (如果) he , I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来,我将告诉他这起事故。
2.I don’t know when (什么时候) he will tomorrow. When (当……的时候) he , I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
(2)引导词与连词的使用:because与so不能同时用在一个主从复合句中;although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。
I am late because I miss the first bus.=I miss the first bus so I am late. 我迟到是因为我错过了第一班车。
Though/Although it was late, they kept working.= It was late, but they kept working. 尽管很晚了,他们仍然继续工作。
We are from different countries, but we all get along well. 虽然我们来自不同的国家,但是我们都相处融洽。
=Though we are from different countries, we all get along well. 虽然我们来自不同的国家,但是我们都相处融洽。
题组1
Ⅰ.将下列句子改为同义句,每空一词
①Mr.Jiang bought a robot so as to have more free time.
Mr.Jiang bought a robot have more free time.
②The match was so exciting that the audience clapped.
It was that the audience clapped.
③You will be late for school if you don’t hurry.
You will be late for school   you hurry.
④It is thirty years since Mr.Green left his hometown.
Mr.Green his hometown for thirty years.
Ⅱ.在空格中填入适当的连词
① they walked a long way, none of them would stop to have a rest.
② He/he is helpful and easy-going, we all choose him to be our new monitor.
③He didn’t come to school today he had a bad cold.
④I’ll be your true friend, happens.
⑤Please wait on your chair your name is called.
题组2
填空题
1.    (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing.
2.He asked       politely that gentlemen soon began to notice him, and to let him polish their boots.
3.Hui still cares a lot about volleyball       (虽然) she stopped playing volleyball.
4.There are no hospitals.    they are ill, people have to get medicine from plants.
5.There is less rain in the southern part than in the northern part,    the south is drier.
6.The other day, we chatted with my grandmother    mentioned video calling over the Internet.
7.She can put it anywhere in the house    it is small and doesn't take up much room.
8.So I kept asking Harry if I could go, too—   (直到) he agreed at last!
9.We've been friends    we were at school together.
10.It is       beautiful that it attracts 100,000 people every week.
11.I usually sleep with the window open       (除非) it's really cold.
题组3 选择题
1.   we go out every day, we need to check the weather report and make sure we wear proper clothes.
A.Until    B.Though    C.Before    D.Unless
2.We are not allowed to enter any public places,    we have a normal temperature.
A.if    B.unless    C.though    D.since
3.    mobile phones bring us lots of pleasure and convenience, they are not supposed to take up too much of our time.
A.If    B.Unless    C.Because    D.Although
4.At the meeting, the managers kept arguing about the problem    they reached an agreement.
A.after    B.when    C.until    D.since
5.My cousin became a country doctor    he finished medical school.
A.after    B.so that    C.but    D.so
6.You need to practise speaking every day    you hope to improve your spoken English.
A.if    B.although    C.unless    D.until
7.Little Mary says good night to her parents    she goes to bed every day.
A.if    B.until C.before    D.unless
8.   the scientists have done lots of research on Mars, there is still much waiting to be discovered.
A.If    B.Since    C.Unless    D.Though
题组4
一、填空题
1.   the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
2.Chen Wei isn’t at school today     he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.
3.    we keep our hearts open,we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.
4.Julie didn’t leave her office    the police arrived.
二、单项选择
1.We should take care of the earth   we can make a better world to live in.
A.so that B.until C.even if D.while
2.   it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty.
A.Although B.Once C.If
3.Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own,   he is only four years old.
A.if B.though C.for D.since
4.Many people like pandas     they are cute.
A.though B.if C.while D.because
5.Mom won’t let Dick go out   he promises to be back by 10:00 tonight.
A.if B.when C.since D.unless
6.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years   we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.
A.until B.before C.since
7.The traffic policeman took away Jim’s driver’s license   he broke the traffic rules of drunk driving.
A.though B.because C.till D.and
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