专题16-定语从句
中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
考情分析： 1
1.定语从句的功用和结构 1
2.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1
3.关系代词和关系副词的作用 3
4.具体使用时常见问题 4
5.牛刀小试 5
考情分析：
定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。
1.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
这是他为我生日送的礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party
你认识来宴会的每一位吗？
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
2.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
（1） who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你要见的李先生已经来了。
（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。
如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。
（4）which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
（5） that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
如：
I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.
我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there
正在那儿读报纸的人是谁？
（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
就在我离开那天他到得北京。
（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。
3.关系代词和关系副词的作用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。
（1） 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。
（2） 作宾语：
如：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。
The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.
奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。
（3） 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor
他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。
（4） 作状语
如：
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
This is the house where I was born.
这是我出生的那个房子。
4.具体使用时常见问题
只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
如：
All that he said is true.
所有他说的都是真的。
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。
如：
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.
这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
如：
It was the second house that I bought.
这是我买的第二个房子。
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
如：
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
这是我今年读过的最好的书。
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.
他谈论他记起得的人和事。
只能用which，不能用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。
如：
I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.
我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。
如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
(3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。
如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。
5.牛刀小试
1．（2022·四川广元·二模）Now China is one of the few nations _________ can produce a large number of COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗).
A．that B．who C．where D．when
【答案】A
【详解】句意：现在，中国是少数几个能够生产大量新冠疫苗的国家之一。考查定语从句。that无实义；who谁；where在哪里；when何时。根据先行词为“nations”，且先行词前有one of修饰，所以关系词应用that。故选A。
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）—What kind of job do you like
—Oh, I prefer the job ________ can make our city more beautiful.
A．what B．which C．whose D．who
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的工作？——哦，我更喜欢那种可以让我们的城市变得更加漂亮的工作。考查定语从句。what什么，不可引导定语从句；which指代物，关系代词；whose谁的，表示所属关系，关系代词；who指代人，关系代词。the job为名词，后接修饰它的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，说明引导词既指代物，又在从句中充当主语，因此应用which来引导定语从句。故选B。
3．（2022·广西玉林·二模）—We are proud of the great changes ________ our country has had these years.
—Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.
A．that B．what C．who D．where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我们为我们国家这些年发生的巨大变化感到自豪。——是的，许多村庄都呈现出新的面貌。考查定语从句关系词。先行词“the great changes”指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选A。
4．（2022·辽宁鞍山·三模）—At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.
A．which B．what C．who D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——目前，年轻人更喜欢微信与朋友保持联系。——对。这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通方式。考查定语从句。which指物，作主宾表；what不能引导定语从句；who指人，作主宾表；that指人或物，作主宾表。根据“the best way of communication…people like”可知，先行词“way”指物，在从句中作“like”的宾语，它被最高级“best”修饰，此时只能用that引导从句。故选D。
5．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模）The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.
A．who B．whose C．which D．whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们在夏令营的难忘经历使我们成长。考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；句子先行词是“experience”，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which/that引导，故选C。
6．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·三模）— Do you like the novel
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A．who B．when C．that D．this
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢这本小说吗？——是的，我喜欢。这是我读了三遍的第一本书。考查定语从句。who指人，作主宾表；when指时间，作状语；that指人或物，作主宾表；this不能引导定语从句。先行词是“one”，指代小说，在从句中作read的宾语，且被序数词first修饰，此时只能用that引导从句。故选C。
7．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Many people here like this beautiful park ________ is full of colorful flowers.
A．who B．where C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这里的许多人都喜欢这个美丽的公园，那里满是五颜六色的花。考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词park表示事物，分析句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词which，故选C。
8．（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）I like books ________ are about powerful and successful people.
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我喜欢关于有权势和成功人士的书。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which来引导定语从句。故选D。
9．（2022·吉林长春·一模）I really admire those volunteers ________ can offer to help people in trouble.
A．who B．which C．whom D．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我真的很佩服那些能帮助有困难的人的志愿者。考查定语从句的关系代词。关系词who/whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，who在定语从句作主语，whom在定语从句作宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词是物；what不可引导定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词“those volunteers”是人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who引导此定语从句。故选A。
10．（2022·甘肃酒泉·二模）— I heard that AECM（抗疫表彰会）was held in Lanzhou on April 26th.
— Yes. I really look up to those heroes in Gansu ________ have made great achievements（成就）
A．who B．which C．where D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我听说抗疫表彰会4月26日在兰州召开。——是的。我真的很敬佩那些在甘肃取得巨大成就的英雄考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语；whose在定语从句中作定语。先行词“heroes英雄”指的是人，定语从句“have made great achievements”缺主语，关系代词用“who”。故选A。
11．（2022·云南·模拟预测）A memorial meeting was held to honor the heroes ________ lost their lives during the outbreak of COVID-19.
A．who B．which C．what D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：一个纪念大会将被举行以纪念在抗击新冠中牺牲的英雄们。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是“heroes”，指人，在从句中作主语，因此用“who”来引导定语从句。故选A。
12．（2022·四川达州·一模）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—I like the movies ________ make me learn more about the world.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗？——我喜欢能让我更多了解这个世界的电影。考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。第一处是宾语从句，根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”；the movies后是定语从句，先行词“the movies”指物，引导词在从句中作主语， 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。
13．（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Which of the following is RIGHT
A．There are three chair in the classroom. B．What does the weather be like tomorrow
C．I like music that I can dance. D．My cousin Yan Mei works hard at English.
【答案】D
【详解】句意：以下哪项是正确的？考查语法知识。A选项中“three chair”错误，chair为可数名词，应用复数chairs；B选项中时间状语为“tomorrow”，应用一般将来时，因此将“does”改为“will”；C选项中“that”在从句中代指“music”，跟着音乐跳舞应该是“dance to music”，因此句末少了“to”。D选项正确。故选D。
14．（2022·四川·泸州市江阳区枫叶佳德学校三模）Children like the houses ________ are painted in different colors.
A．who B．which C．those D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢被涂成不同颜色的房子。考查定语从句。who谁；which哪一个；those那些；what什么。分析句子前后可知是定语从句，先行词是“the houses”，是物，故排除A；“those”和“what”均不能引导定语从句。故选B。
15．（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）—Jenny, I talked back to my mother last night. What should I do
—You are supposed to say sorry. Parents are the people ________ love you ________ in the world.
A．who; better B．who; most C．whom; better D．whom; most
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——珍妮，我昨晚跟我妈妈顶嘴了。我该怎么办？——你应该说对不起。父母是世界上最爱你的人。考查定语从句和形容词最高级。根据定语从句先行词为“people”，且从句缺主语可知，引导词用who；根据“in the world”可知，从句表达最爱你的人，故用最高级best。故选B。
16．（2022·广西玉林·一模）—Do you know Zhang Guimei ________ was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
—Yes, she created the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．which B．whose C．whom D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你知道被誉为 “感动中国人物”之一的张桂梅吗？——是的，她为山区女孩创建了第一所免费高中，并帮助1800多名学生上了大学。考查定语从句关系词。which哪一个；whose谁的；whom谁，作宾语；who谁，作主语。根据“Do you know Zhang Guimei ... was honored as one of the ‘People Who Moved China’ ”可知，该句为定语从句，先行词指人，且从句缺少主语，故关系词应用who。故选D。
17．（2022·云南·西双版纳傣族自治州教育研究所一模）Chances belong to those ________ keep trying. As long as you keep working hard, you’ll get a big success sooner or later.
A．who B．that C．whom D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：机会属于不断尝试的人。 只要你继续努力，你迟早会获得巨大的成功。
考查定语从句。根据“Chances belong to those”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“those”指人，且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。
18．（2022·辽宁营口·一模）Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists ________ I respect a lot.
A．why B．which C．what D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：袁隆平是我非常尊敬的最伟大的科学家之一。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是scientists，指人，且被最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选D。
19．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗？——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用that或which，结合选项，故选A。
20．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：袁隆平是一位永远会活在我们心里的科学家。考查定语从句的引导词。which指代物，关系代词；who指代人，关系代词；what什么，不用于引导定语从句。根据观察和分析可知题干包含一个定语从句，先行词是a great scientist，空格上应填一个代替先行词（人）且在从句中作主语的关系代词。故选B。
21．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动。——我同意。我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选C。
22．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：不到长城非好汉。考查定语从句。题干包含定语从句。先行词是“He”，在从句中作主语。whom作宾语，指代人；which作主语或宾语，指代物；who作主语或宾语，指代人。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。故选D。
23．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。
24．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A．which B．that C．who
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——演讲多么令人兴奋啊！——相当不错！这是我听过的最好的演讲。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词speech前有最高级修饰，要用that引导定语从句，故选B。
25．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗？——是的，她教我们英语，我们都非常喜欢她。考查定语从句以及代词辨析。第一空所在句子是定语从句，先行词woman是指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导定语从句，排除A和C选项。us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后，应填人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。
26．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。 考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。
27．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，排除B。touching感人的；touched感动的。此处修饰电影，用ing结尾的形容词，排除CD。故选A。
28．（2021·四川甘孜·中考真题）—Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there
—Yes. She is my sister.
A．when B．where C．who D．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗？——是的。她是我的妹妹。考查定语从句，when关系副词，在句子中作时间状语；where关系副词，在句子中作地点状语；who关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构，可知是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是girl，指人，则此处应用关系代词who，在从句中作主语。故选C。
29．（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of the Monkey King
—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.
A．who B．where C．whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你觉得孙悟空怎么样？——我认为他是一个为帮助弱者而不断战斗的英雄。考查定语从句。who谁；where哪里；whose谁的。句子是定语从句，先行词是人hero，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。
30．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：王老师是一位英语老师，她使她的课生动有趣。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词an English teacher是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选B。
31．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥Ⅳ发射到月球背面的国家。考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；句子先行词是nation，在句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，此处关系代词用that，故选B。
32．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A．which B．who C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词boys是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。
33．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我不能忘记两年前我参观的老师和大学。它们给我带来了许多甜蜜的回忆。考查定语从句关系代词辨析。此处是定语从句，先行词既有人又有物，引导词在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选A。
34．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该记住那些为我们的国家献出生命的人。考查定语从句。who在句中作主语/宾语，指人；whom在句中作宾语，指人；which在句中作主语/宾语，指物。空前先行词“those”指人，且在句中作主语，用who引导。故选A。
35．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的书？——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books是指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which引导定语从句，故选C。
36．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—What are you doing, Steve
—I’m waiting for the man ________ wears a pair of glasses.
A．who B．which C．whom D．where
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——史蒂夫，你正在做什么？——我正在等那个戴眼镜的男人。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语，宾语或表语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语，宾语或表语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点，作状语。此处先行词man表示人，定语从句缺少主语，因此用who引导定语从句，故选A。
37．（2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测）—I love reading books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A．how B．who C．what D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我喜欢读查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句。how不引导定语从句；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物“books”，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
38．（2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测）Zhang Guimei is a great teacher ________ devotes herself into the career of education.
A．whom B．what C．which D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：张桂梅是一位致力于教育事业的伟大教师。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词“a great teacher”表示“人”，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以使用who引导定语从句。故选D。
39．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）Tomorrow I will go to visit the man ________ gave us a lot of help during the trip.
A．which B．when C．whose D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：明天我要去拜访那个在旅行中给了我们很多帮助的人。考查定语从句。which……的那个；when什么时候；whose 谁的；who谁。根据“the man ... gave us a lot of help during the trip”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“the man”指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选D。
40．（2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测）Most students like the teachers ________ give them a lot of help.
A．which B．what C．whom D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：大多数学生喜欢给他们很多帮助的老师。考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是“teachers”，且在句中作主语，因此关系代词用who。故选D。
二、改写句子
41．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)
I will ask someone ________ ________ serious movies.
【答案】 who likes
【详解】句意：我会问某人。某人喜欢严肃的电影。本句先行词是someone，指人，引导词可用who，在从句中作主语，likes作谓语动词。故填who；likes。
42．（2020·甘肃金昌·中考真题）I've finished reading a book. The book was written by O·Henry.（合并为一句）
I've finished reading a book__________written by O·Henry.
【答案】which was##that was
【详解】句意：我读完了一本书。这本书是欧亨利写的。两个句子合并为一句可以改为一个定语从句，先行词是a book，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which/that。根据by O·Henry，可知，从句要用被动语态be done的结构，陈述过去发生的事情且先行词book是单数，所以be动词用was， 故填which/that was。
43．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句）
This is a book ________ ________ is blue.
【答案】 whose cover
【详解】句意：这是一本书。它的封面是蓝色的。原句是两个句子，改为复合句可以改为定语从句。先行词是book，book和cover之间存在所属关系，所以用whose引导定语从句，在句子中作cover的定语。故填whose；cover。
44．（2022·新疆伊犁·二模）Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句)
Lily returned the pen ________ I ________ her last Friday.
【答案】 that##which lent
【详解】句意：莉莉把钢笔还给了我。上星期五我把钢笔借给她了。改为定语从句为“莉莉把我上周五借给她的钢笔还给了我”。先行词为“the pen”，关系词用that/which，在从句中作宾语；由“last Friday”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式lent。故填that/which；lent。
45．（2022·甘肃·天水市麦积区教学研究室一模）Do you like the book I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句）
Do you like the book ________ I ________ for you yesterday
【答案】 that##which bought
【详解】句意：你喜欢这本书吗？我昨天给你买了这本书。根据下句和要求将两句合并为一句可知，应该改写“你喜欢我昨天给你买的这本书吗？”，也就是改为定语从句；根据先行词“the book”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词应该使用“that”或者“which”；根据“yesterday”可知，定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去式。故填that/which；bought。
46．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The man is our math teacher. He is playing ping-pong over there.(合并为一句）
The man ________ ________ playing ping-pong over there is our math teacher.
【答案】 who##that is
【详解】句意：那个人是我们的数学老师。他正在那儿打乒乓球。合成一个句子时，可改为定语从句，先行词是“The man”，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句，且从句中是现在进行时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填who/that；is。
47．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句)
_____________________________________________
【答案】The boy who came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.##The boy that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.
【详解】句意：那个男孩昨天来看我了。他是汤姆的弟弟。合并成定语从句意思是“昨天来看我的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。”定语从句为“昨天来看我的那个男孩”，the boy“男孩”，作主语，先行词是人，此时关系词是who/that；came to see me yesterday“昨天来看我的那个男孩”；系动词是is；Tom’s brother“汤姆的弟弟”，是表语。故填The boy who/that came to see me yesterday is Tom’s brother.
48．（2021·甘肃·平凉市崆峒区教育科学研究所一模）I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句)
I know the boy ________ mother ________ a doctor.
【答案】 whose is
【详解】句意：我认识那个男孩。他妈妈是医生。根据题干可知，这两个句子合并为一句应该变为定语从句，“I know the boy”是主句，后面是定语从句。the boy是先行词，指代“那个男孩的母亲”，要用关系词whose，表示某人的，后接名词mother，be动词用is。故填whose；is。
49．（2021·甘肃陇南·一模）This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句）
This is the hall________ we________ to the report yesterday
【答案】 where listened
【详解】句意：这是大厅。我们昨天听了里面的报告。根据题意是变成定语从句，先行词是the hall，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词用where引导；定语从句时间状语yesterday可知是一般过去时态，listen是动词，听，此处用过去式listened。故填where；listened。
50．（2021·新疆·模拟预测）Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话)
Bob loves the gift __________ his mother __________ for him on his eighteenth birthday.
【答案】 which/that bought
【详解】句意：Bob喜欢这个礼物。他妈妈在他18岁生日时给他买的。原句可以合并成先行词是the gift的定语从句，因先行词是物，故关系词可用which/that，故第一空填which/that；且根据原句“His mother bought it for him…”可知，从句时态用一般过去时，故第二空填bought。故填which/that；bought。
1专题16-定语从句
中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
考情分析： 1
1.定语从句的功用和结构 1
2.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1
3.关系代词和关系副词的作用 3
4.具体使用时常见问题 4
5.牛刀小试 5
考情分析：
定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。
1.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
这是他为我生日送的礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party
你认识来宴会的每一位吗？
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
2.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
（1） who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你要见的李先生已经来了。
（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。
如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。
（4）which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
（5） that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
如：
I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.
我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there
正在那儿读报纸的人是谁？
（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
就在我离开那天他到得北京。
（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。
3.关系代词和关系副词的作用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。
（1） 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。
（2） 作宾语：
如：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。
The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.
奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。
（3） 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor
他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。
（4） 作状语
如：
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
This is the house where I was born.
这是我出生的那个房子。
4.具体使用时常见问题
只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
如：
All that he said is true.
所有他说的都是真的。
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。
如：
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.
这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
如：
It was the second house that I bought.
这是我买的第二个房子。
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
如：
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
这是我今年读过的最好的书。
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.
他谈论他记起得的人和事。
只能用which，不能用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。
如：
I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.
我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。
如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
(3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。
如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。
5.牛刀小试
1．（2022·四川广元·二模）Now China is one of the few nations _________ can produce a large number of COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗).
A．that B．who C．where D．when
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）—What kind of job do you like
—Oh, I prefer the job ________ can make our city more beautiful.
A．what B．which C．whose D．who
3．（2022·广西玉林·二模）—We are proud of the great changes ________ our country has had these years.
—Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.
A．that B．what C．who D．where
4．（2022·辽宁鞍山·三模）—At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.
A．which B．what C．who D．that
5．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模）The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.
A．who B．whose C．which D．whom
6．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·三模）— Do you like the novel
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A．who B．when C．that D．this
7．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Many people here like this beautiful park ________ is full of colorful flowers.
A．who B．where C．which D．what
8．（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）I like books ________ are about powerful and successful people.
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
9．（2022·吉林长春·一模）I really admire those volunteers ________ can offer to help people in trouble.
A．who B．which C．whom D．what
10．（2022·甘肃酒泉·二模）— I heard that AECM（抗疫表彰会）was held in Lanzhou on April 26th.
— Yes. I really look up to those heroes in Gansu ________ have made great achievements（成就）
A．who B．which C．where D．whose
11．（2022·云南·模拟预测）A memorial meeting was held to honor the heroes ________ lost their lives during the outbreak of COVID-19.
A．who B．which C．what D．whose
12．（2022·四川达州·一模）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—I like the movies ________ make me learn more about the world.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
13．（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Which of the following is RIGHT
A．There are three chair in the classroom. B．What does the weather be like tomorrow
C．I like music that I can dance. D．My cousin Yan Mei works hard at English.
14．（2022·四川·泸州市江阳区枫叶佳德学校三模）Children like the houses ________ are painted in different colors.
A．who B．which C．those D．what
15．（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）—Jenny, I talked back to my mother last night. What should I do
—You are supposed to say sorry. Parents are the people ________ love you ________ in the world.
A．who; better B．who; most C．whom; better D．whom; most
16．（2022·广西玉林·一模）—Do you know Zhang Guimei ________ was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
—Yes, she created the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．which B．whose C．whom D．who
17．（2022·云南·西双版纳傣族自治州教育研究所一模）Chances belong to those ________ keep trying. As long as you keep working hard, you’ll get a big success sooner or later.
A．who B．that C．whom D．which
18．（2022·辽宁营口·一模）Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists ________ I respect a lot.
A．why B．which C．what D．that
19．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
20．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.
A．which B．who C．what
21．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
22．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
23．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
24．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A．which B．that C．who
25．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our
26．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
27．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched
28．（2021·四川甘孜·中考真题）—Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there
—Yes. She is my sister.
A．when B．where C．who D．which
29．（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）—What do you think of the Monkey King
—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.
A．who B．where C．whose
30．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A．which B．who C．what
31．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
32．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A．which B．who C．whose
33．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
34．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A．who B．whom C．which
35．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A．who B．whom C．which
36．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—What are you doing, Steve
—I’m waiting for the man ________ wears a pair of glasses.
A．who B．which C．whom D．where
37．（2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测）—I love reading books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A．how B．who C．what D．that
38．（2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测）Zhang Guimei is a great teacher ________ devotes herself into the career of education.
A．whom B．what C．which D．who
39．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）Tomorrow I will go to visit the man ________ gave us a lot of help during the trip.
A．which B．when C．whose D．who
40．（2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测）Most students like the teachers ________ give them a lot of help.
A．which B．what C．whom D．who
二、改写句子
41．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)
I will ask someone ________ ________ serious movies.
42．（2020·甘肃金昌·中考真题）I've finished reading a book. The book was written by O·Henry.（合并为一句）
I've finished reading a book__________written by O·Henry.
43．（2022·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）This is a book. Its cover (封面) is blue.（合并成复合句）
This is a book ________ ________ is blue.
44．（2022·新疆伊犁·二模）Lily returned the pen to me. I lent the pen to her last Friday. (改为定语从句)
Lily returned the pen ________ I ________ her last Friday.
45．（2022·甘肃·天水市麦积区教学研究室一模）Do you like the book I bought the book for you yesterday.（将两句合并为一句）
Do you like the book ________ I ________ for you yesterday
46．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The man is our math teacher. He is playing ping-pong over there.(合并为一句）
The man ________ ________ playing ping-pong over there is our math teacher.
47．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom’s brother. (把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句)
_____________________________________________
48．（2021·甘肃·平凉市崆峒区教育科学研究所一模）I know the boy. His mother is a doctor.(合并为一句)
I know the boy ________ mother ________ a doctor.
49．（2021·甘肃陇南·一模）This is the hall. We listened to the report in it yesterday.（合并为一句）
This is the hall________ we________ to the report yesterday
50．（2021·新疆·模拟预测）Bob loves the gift. His mother bought it for him on his eighteenth birthday. (合并为一句话)
Bob loves the gift __________ his mother __________ for him on his eighteenth birthday.
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