山东省部分市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

山东省部分市
2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
第一节（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Marine Science Camps
（For campers aged between 8 and 14）
What’s on at Clearwater Marine Aquarium（海洋水族馆）
Camp 1 Learn and observe how we care for our animals. Participate in a camp Q &A period with a dolphin care team member while learning how we teach new behaviors．
Camp 2 Set out on an adventure to discover the plants and animals that make up Florida’s coastal ecosystems and observe different ecosystems at a local nature park．
Camp 3 Join this camp program where you can learn more about the daily operations of an aquarium．
Camp 4 Do you have what it takes to become an ocean protector Learn all about the major issues facing creatures in the ocean and what you can do to help protect our ocean’s future．
Price
$240/person/program
Duration
5 days running from 8:30 am to 11:30 am and 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm
Other Information
·Camp gear packs（装备包）are available for sale at the check-in．
·Each camper will receive a camp shirt and a pair of shorts on the first day of the camp and is expected to wear them every day．
·Lunches must be bought for these days．
·Parents shouldn’t follow, attend, or volunteer in our camp programs．
Refund（退款）Policy
In the event of a cancellation, an 80% refund will be issued if the written cancellation request is received 15 days or more before the first day of the camp. Cancellations 14 to 5 days before the camp start will receive a refund of 50% of the total cost. Cancellations 4-0 days before the camp start won’t receive a refund．
1. In which camp can we learn about the protection of ocean creatures
A. Camp 1． B. Camp 2． C. Camp 3． D. Camp4．
2. What information can we get about the camp programs
A. Campers can bring lunches with them．
B. They provide camp gear packs for free．
C. Campers should wear the same clothing．
D. They allow parents to be with campers．
3. How much refund will you receive if you cancel your order 20 days before the camp start
A. $240． B. $192． C. $120． D. $48．
B
It was a Thursday night in September. Classes were done for the day, homework was complete for the night and excitement for the weekend began to stir (萌动). It was 9:00 pm and music filled the house with the upstairs hallway used as a dance floor. My roommate Lucy and I danced in the hallway with the booming music for an hour.
It was within that one hour that I realized how the world around me had stopped. Thoughts of how busy the weekend was going to be and the homework that was due Monday slipped away. It was just me, my roommate, our music and our hallway. It wasn’t until that night that I realized the importance of dancing it out and why everyone should try it.
Dance has always been a significant part of my life. I have loved to dance ever since I was little, and I had the honor of being on two competitive dance teams as a teenager. But dancing on stage feels different from dancing in your living room with the volume (音量) turned up and not having a care in the world if people walking past the window can see you.
When dancing in your hallway, imperfection is a priority. There’s no conveying emotions to the audience. There’s just releasing emotions. The feeling is freeing. When you dance it out, it’s just you and your music. No one is there to judge you. You can live in the moment, not worrying about the future.
So the next time you feel stressed, get up and turn on your favorite music. Let the music move you and free you. Sometimes in life, when you don’t feel like you have control of anything, you’ve to dance it out because you’re in control of the music.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. She loved classic music.
B. She enjoyed dancing in her private space.
C. She wouldn’t do homework at the weekend.
D. She was absent-minded while dancing in the hallway.
5. What is the benefit of “dancing it out” according to the author
A. It makes us get cool and sharp.
B. It encourages us to become perfect.
C. It inspires us to communicate better.
D. It helps us have a relaxed state of mind.
6. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Freed by Dancing. B. Dancing on Stage.
C. Controlled by Music. D. Listening to Your Heart.
C
An experiment involving hundreds of office workers has found that artificial intelligence (AI) tools can greatly help but also hurt worker performance.
AI tools designed to operate at human levels have greatly expanded in popularity over the past year. Such tools are designed to interact smoothly with humans and perform high-level writing and creative work.
This year, researchers at Harvard Business School and other organizations carried out an experiment. It aimed to test how well AI tools could help workers perform their usual duties, or tasks. It involved more than 700 business advisors, called consultants (顾问), from Massachusetts-based Boston Consulting Group.
Harvard Business School recently published results from the experiment in a “working paper”. The main findings suggest that AI tools can greatly improve worker performance. For example, researchers found that, on average, workers who used AI tools completed 12 percent more tasks than the users that handled the assigned (分配的) tasks on their own. Tasks carried out with help from the AI technology were completed 25 percent faster. And the team found the quality of work performed by consultants using AI technology increased about 40 percent.
However, the paper also noted areas where the performance of consultants using AI technology dipped. Of tasks the AI was good at, the experiment showed it “significantly improved human performance,” the paper said. But for tasks the AI was not right for, “humans relied too much on the AI, and were more likely to make mistakes.” The researchers reported that consultants who used AI for tasks it was not well equipped for “were 19 percent less likely to produce correct solutions compared to those without AI.”
The team suggests one of the biggest barriers to companies effectively using AI is not knowing which tasks can be completed best with the technology. Finding this out will require businesses to carry out thoughtful research and training efforts to find the right mix of AI and human work.
7. What is people’s attitude towards AI tools nowadays
A. Curious. B. Anxious. C. Positive. D. Doubtful.
8. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The total results of the experiment.
B. AI technology taking the place of humans.
C The speed and quality of the task completion.
D. AI tools greatly improving worker performance.
9. What does the underlined word “dipped” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Improved. B. Dropped. C. Changed. D. Disappeared.
10. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A. AI and human work can be better combined.
B. AI technology will be a barrier to companies.
C. Businesses will benefit more from AI tools.
D. Humans should develop new versions of AI.
山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
CHIARTS VIRTUAL SUMMER CAMP
Are you a 2nd-8th grader interested in the world of the arts ChiArts Summer Camp can provide you with various artistic experiences online in July and August!
We invite you to join us July 19th-August 6th for our virtual (虚拟的) arts camp experience.
For 2nd-5th graders
Our youngest students, divided up into two parts based on age, will go through 50 minutes daily of dance, visual arts, and theater. It’ll be high energy and lots of fun from 9: 00AM-1: 00PM every day for the three-week camp experience.
Cost: $300 for the full three weeks. Scholarship assistance is available (可获得的). Register here and apply the code EARLYBIRD21 by April 5th to get a 20% discount.
For 6th-8th graders
Our middle school camp experiences, called the “ChiArts Jr” program, creates what it is like to be a student at our high school in the arts experience. Each student chooses one camp program to take part in throughout the entire duration of the 3-week Summer Camp experience from 9: 00AM-1: 00PM every day. The choices are Band, Voice, Creative Writing, Dance, Visual Arts, Theater. Previous experience is only required for the band camp. All other camps require no previous experience.
Cost: $375 for the full three weeks. Scholarship assistance is available. Register here and apply the code EARLYBIRD21 by April 5th to get a 20% discount.
1．What do we know about the camps for 2nd-5th graders
A．Students can join the camp freely.
B．They are energetic and interesting.
C．They are open to students in the same month.
D．Students can get a discount whenever necessary.
2．How much will a 7-th student registering by April 5th pay for ChiArts Summer Camp
A．$75 B．$240 C．$300 D．$375
3．What do the camps for 2nd-5th graders and 6th-8th ones have in common
A．They need no previous experience. B．They provide the same artistic content.
C．Students are divided up according to age. D．The entire duration lasts the same time.
B
Recently an old friend reached out to me to ask about the success I’ve had in my life (or at least what looks like success on social media XD) and how I achieved it. He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.
Though I haven’t entirely reached my long-term goals yet in any of these 3 ways, he’s seen that I’ve made some progress on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my advice.
We had a nice hour and a half chat on the phone about this and it seemed like he was pretty motivated by the end of the chat. A week went by and he told me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, was studying music theory, and sent me clips of him studying Japanese. He’s posting regularly on social media about all the progress he’s making. He’s motivated and doing great!
At last I’ll have to remind him that progress isn’t linear (线性的) and that he’ll finally meet with some challenges in the road, but I’m letting him enjoy the present progress in the meantime and will help him tackle them when that time comes.
I’m grateful for him giving me the opportunity to serve him and give him advice, and I’m grateful to see that he’s investing the time and money to promote his life. He even posted recently about how grateful he is with all the recent changes in his life.
Even if you’re still not where you want to be, there are a lot of people out there who want what you have and who are impressed with how far you’ve come. It’s extremely joyful to be aware how far you’ve come, be proud of yourself, and recognize how much you can help others achieve the same.
4．Why did the author’s friend contact him
A．To thank him for the advice on success.
B．To consult him about some proposals.
C．To require him to share his success on XD.
D．To ask for advice on how to set goals to achieve.
5．What does the underlined word “tackle” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．get over B．apply for C．focus on D．relate to
6．Which of the following can best describe the author’s friend
A．Anxious and outgoing. B．Responsible and wise.
C．Purposeful and active. D．Motivated and humorous.
7．What does the author mainly express in the last paragraph
A．You should make use of your advantages.
B．You should take pride in what others achieve.
C．You’ve come a lot further than you realize.
D．You should turn to others when you feel confused.
C
Meat, milk, cheese — just some of the things provided by goats. But now we can also add fire safety to this list. As wildfires damage increasingly large areas of the planet each year, goatherds (牧羊人) may offer a way of reducing the risk.
Wildfires are made possible by hot, dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead plants that serve as fuel. We may have limited control over the former factor, but we can control the latter. Reducing the fuel load lowers the possibility of wildfires occurring, as well as the amount of damage caused. This is where we can turn to goats to search for a solution, which are being used for landscape management in a number of places around the world, including Greece, Spain, Portugal, Chile and a number of parts of the United States.
Goats have an extremely powerful digestive (消化的) system. Many kinds of plants that are dangerous to other animals can be easily eaten by goats. It’s not just fully-grown plants that goats are able to deal with: any seeds that pass through a goat can’t survive and will not grow. Human clearance teams have to worry about getting to the hard-to-reach places where plants grow but goats don’t. They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind legs, they can reach up to two metres to the plants that humans would struggle to reach. Because of this, using goats can reduce both the possibility of workplace accidents and the amount of money spent on fire protection measures. Goatherds have been found to clear some parts of land for a third of the price of human control teams.
Cost and safety aren’t the only benefits. Goats are quieter than grass-cutting machines and people usually prefer to see goats eating grass rather than litres of herbicide (除草剂). Children are often attracted to see the goats at work and this provides an opportunity to educate people about preventing wildfires.
8．Why can goats help to prevent wildfires
A．They are not afraid of bad weather. B．They are easily controlled by goatherds.
C．They have the strongest digestive system. D．They can remove dead plants causing fire.
9．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The fire protection measures that people often take.
B．The reasons why goats are used to prevent wildfires.
C．The difficulty human clearance teams have preventing fire.
D．The effects goats have on the natural balance of mountains.
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Herbicide will not be used to remove grass soon.
B．Children like goats because of their quiet character.
C．It’s a green way to prevent wildfires by using goats.
D．Herbicide works better than grass-cutting machines.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Firefighting Goats. B．Clever Goatherds.
C．Damage Caused by Wildfires. D．Ways to Prevent Disasters.
D
Do you like travelling to other places, cities and countries Many people do. Tourism is a huge industry —— it’s as large as or larger than the oil, food and car industries. It creates so many jobs that one in every ten people in the world works in tourism.
However, for many people and places, tourism is not a completely positive thing. Some places receive millions of tourists a year, which leads to problems for local people. When tour buses block roads, it’s hard for local people to get to work or school. Often, international companies open up, and small shops and restaurants close down. Another problem is accommodation — in Barcelona and New York, for example, many flats and houses are used as tourist accommodation, so homes for local people have become expensive and hard to find.
Tourism can have an effect on the environment as well. Natural areas are ruined to make space to build hotels and tourist facilities, and building them consumes a lot of energy and resources. Historic buildings are damaged, such as those in Venice by large cruise ships (游轮) entering the city. These ships also do ham to animal and plant life. More tourism means more crowds, noise, rubbish and pollution.
Some governments have already taken actions. In Barcelona and New York, there are now limits on short-term rental accommodation. The number of cruise ships entering Venice is limited now too. Importantly, individual tourists can help by choosing better ways of visiting places. For example, if tourists visit Venice on a cruise ship but they sleep and eat all their meals on the ship, does the local community in Venice really benefit from their visit If not, it could be better to choose a different form of tourism, one that benefits the city and local people more.
Despite some problems, if we can make tourism more sustainable (可持续的), everyone can benefit from it, and people can continue to enjoy visiting these places in the future.
12．Why is it hard for New Yorkers to buy cheap houses
A．Because tourists buy local flats and houses.
B．Because many houses are needed for travelers.
C．Because the government provide little land to build houses.
D．Because the houses international companies sell are expensive.
13．Why are cruise ships mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To stress plants and animals die from them.
B．To show tourism wastes energy and resources.
C．To explain why tourism is not environmentally friendly.
D．To suggest the necessity of preventing the development of tourism.
14．What does Paragraph 4 mainly stress about tourism
A．The cruise ship is not a good choice for tourists.
B．Tourism should be developed in a sustainable way.
C．Local community in Venice shows no interest in tourism.
D．Governments have done extremely well in developing tourism.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards tourism
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节(共11小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分27. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
If you’re thinking about trying surfing, but don’t know where to go, here are four places recommended on Google reviews.
Adventure Access
Location: Seaham Harbour Marina, Scaham, SR77EY
Rating:4. 8
A happy visitor wrote: “I had the best time improving my surfing skills with Adventure Access. It only needs 18 to use their equipment (装备) for an hour on the water. I immediately booked another time! I highly recommend this place.”
Seaton Carew Beach
Location: Hanlepool Marina Bay, NewsKent County
Rating:4. 5
A visitor wrote: “The climate here is warm all the year, so you will feel comfortable while surfing whatever season it is. What’s more, the sand here is so soft that I had a perfect feeling when we play beach e here and enjoy yourself.”
White Water Centre
Location: Tees Barrage Way, Stockton-on-Tees
Rating:4. 6
A couple wrote: “My husband and I booked a one-hour lesson for kayaking (划皮划艇) and paddleboarding (桨板冲浪). We had never done either before. Kyle was our instructor and he was very patient to teach us. Whatever your age, have a go, even if you have no sense of balance.”
North East Wake Park
Location: Bishoplon Lake, Stocklon-on-Tees
Rating:4. 7
A visitor wrote: “Today was our first time trying something like this and it was great fun. It is perfect, whatever level you are at. The team there was very friendly, so I highly recommend this place.”
1. What is the location of Scaton Carew Beach
A. Bishopton Lake, Stockton-on-Tees.
B. Tees Barrage Way, Stockton-on-Tees.
C. Hanlepool Marina Bay, NewsKent County.
D. Seaham Harbour Marina, Seaham, SR77EY.
2. Which place is recommended for its good price
A. Adventure Access. B. WhiteWater Centre.
CSeaton Carew Beach. D. North East Wake Park.
3. What do White Wate Centre and North East Wake Park have in common
A. They are free for the old. B. They are beginner friendly.
CThey have all kinds of water activities. D. They are most suitable for young people.
B
Morgan Ridler, a two-year-old boy from Welsh, was diagnosed (诊断) with adrenocortical carcinoma last year. He had to leave his home in Swansea to suffer a risky operation (手术) in Birmingham because the doctors there “were the only ones willing to take it on with such low survival rates—only a 10 percent chance of survival.
When a student nurse heard his Welsh-speaking mother comforting him in their native language she decided to make sure Morgan would not feel frightened when his family were away during the nights. She wrote a series of comforting Welsh words on Morgan’s bedside notes, including their phonetic (语音的) spelling, to make sure all the doctors and nurses treating him could comfort their young patient if needed. The words included, “You’re OK” and “You’re safe”.
It was not until a year later that Natalie Ridler, 32, his mother, learnt about the act of kindness, after she requested a copy of his medical notes to help to make sense of what he had gone through. “I want to say thank you to her and I have nominated (提名) her for a student nursing award to thank her for going above and beyond,” Ridler said. Ridler posted about the act of kindness on social media and wanted to publicize it. In the Faccbook post, Ridler said, “…. it made my heart so full. What an unbelievable nurse she will make one day.”
The nurse got in touch with the family and spoke with Ridler over the phone The nurse told Ridler she has now graduated and is due to start her first role in ICU next week.
Morgan is now just waiting for a small operation to remove his treatment line into his chest. “After that he can ring his bell to say he is all clear,” Ridler said.
4. Morgan Ridler was sent to a hospital in Birmingham because _________.
A. the doctors there were very skilled
B. the hospitals there are in good condition
C. the risk of the operation there is extremely low
D. only the doctors there were ready to take him in
5. What did the student nurse do to help Morgan
A. She operated on Morgan herself.
B. She instructed him to ring the bell.
C. She left Welsh words for doctors to comfort Morgan.
D. She posted the story online to raise money for Morgan.
6. How did Ridler express her thanks to the nurse
A. By visiting her in person. B. By sending her an email.
C. By proposing her for an award. D. By offering her a job in ICU.
7. Which of the following can best describe the nurse
A. Calm and brave. B. Caring and thoughtful.
C. Skillful and polite. D. Confident and outgoing.
C
Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time, according to a recent study, which was presented at Sleep Down Under, the 33rd yearly scientific meeting of the Australasian Sleep Association. Professor Kurt Lushington, a psychologist who led the study; said, “It is a naturalistic experiment showing the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple: a good timetable and no mobile devices (设备) at night.”
Over the past 20 years, the time children spend sleeping has fallen and only half regularly get more than seven hours. The recommended amount is eight to ten. The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) whose blue light wakes the brain, making it harder to drop off.
An Australian team compared sleep patterns ( 方式 ) of 15 to 18-year-olds at a school in Adelaide. The 59 boarders had to leave their phones in a kitchen area or on their desk before bed and turn their lights out by a set time. They slept-for an average 8 hour 26 minutes a night compared with 7 hours 46 minutes for day pupils.
Lack ( 缺少 ) of sleep affects mental health and school performance ( 表现 ) and causes behavioural problems. It has also been connected with the child obesity epidemic and other diseases. This year an American study found that teenager who didn’t get enough sleep took in extra sugar during a school year. They ate sweets, cakes, chocolate and biscuits and drank, fizzy drinks to promote their energy levels.
Lushingon recommends that parents reach agreement on not using a phone. This is most likely to work if they do likewise and offer other enjoyments, such as books. “I think if you put these rules in place, kids will go along with them,” he told New Scientist.
8. What is the secret to teenagers’ good sleep according to paragraph 1
A. Strict lights out time.
B. More physical exercise at school.
C. Good bedtime plan and more playtime.
D. Regular schedule and no mobile devices.
9. What does the underlined phrase “drop off ” mean in paragraph 2
A. Fall asleep. B. Fall behind. C. Give up. D. Calm down.
10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. Bad effects for lack of sleep.
B. Bad examples of school performance.
C. The relationship between diseases and sleep.
D. Behavioral problems caused by bad eating habits.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Say no to mobile devices
BChoose proper sleep patterns
C. The more you sleep, the healthier you’ll get
D. For a goodnight’s sleep, try boarding school rules
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末教学质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
National Parks are the best places to see raw nature in protected areas, where the wildlife is free and the history is kept alive properly, such is the case of all national parks in Australia.
The Booderee National Park
It offers a protected habitat (栖息地) for native wildlife against high cliffs and white beaches. While summer is good for visiting due to the excellent weather, a special event takes place in June and July when whales come back with their babies. Educational tours are fit for school groups to get close to nature. There are a range of activities such as camping, diving and nature walks.
The Norfolk Island National Park
The history of the Park is eye-catching, so you might want to check out how Captain James Cook got here and why. You can picnic and have a nice barbecue around the highest point on the island, Mount Bates. Another tourist attraction is Phillip Island, six kilometers away from Norfolk, home to many seabirds.
The Uluru National Park
If you’re into learning more about Aboriginals (土著居民) and their influence on the world, you mustn’t miss it, where Tjukurpa stories come from about native songs and dances. The rocks here are extremely loved because they seem to change color during sunrise and sunset. So the spot is also great for walking, considering the knowledge and stories on the rocks’ shapes and purpose for humans.
The Kakadu National Park
It has the longest historical records of Aboriginal people living there, which have been carved in the rock art made by Indigenous civilizations over the years. The Park has remarkable rivers and floodplains that go through the rich ecosystem. With more than 280 species of birds, 117 reptile species and 74 mammals, the park is a joy to the eye of the traveler.
1. What makes the Booderee National Park special
AWhales’ return. B. Nature walks. C. Wildlife habitat. D. Educational tours.
2. Where can you learn about Captain James Cook
A. The Uluru National Park. B. The Kakadu National Park.
C. The Booderee National Park. D. The Norfolk Island National Park.
3. What do the Uluru National Park and the Kakadu National Park have in common
A. Rock colors. B. Rock shapes. C. Native culture. D. Rich wildlife.
B
When Stanford University student Ellen Xu, now 18, was a five-year-old in San Diego, Califormia, she clearly remembers that her parents rushed her little sister to the hospital. Three-year-old Kate had fallen seriously ill; she had a fever, reddened eyes, and some swelling (肿胀) in her hands and tongue.
At first, the puzzled doctors thought she had flu, but when her condition didn’t improve, the Xus returned to the clinic room, where a doctor by chance had a similar earlier experience with such symptoms (症状) in the blood known as Kawasaki disease. Though rare (罕见的), it’s the leading cause of the heart disease in babies and young children, and its causes remain unknown.
The doctor knew how to treat it: He ordered some medicine for Kate, and finally she shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart.
Xu remembers being curious about her sister’s illness condition and was amazed that the grown-ups couldn’t answer her questions about why it was so hard to check. “In my mind, it was this puzzle I wanted to solve,” she says.
Ten years later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea. What if we had a doctor in our pocket So she created just that: Using AI, Xu designed a program that uses visual facts to check the disease based on five physical symptoms.
The technology works the same way as apps that can identify birds and plants with photos you’ve taken on your cellphone. Worried parents can upload a photo that they have taken of their child, and the technology will scan the picture for symptoms of the disease, which often have a strong visual factors, such as a swollen tongue.
Xu’s invention has been applied as a web app on the website. “The technology could also be developed for recognizing some other diseases,” she says, “It means a lot to me. I want to use AI to help people live happier and healthier lives.”
Xu says that her sister Kate, now in her third year of high school with dreams of becoming an environmental engineer, is strong and healthy.
4. Why did the author mention Kate’s illness
A. To explain who treated Kate’s illness.
B. To prove how serious Kate’s illness was.
C. To show how much Ellen loved her sister.
D. To tell why Ellen solved the puzzle in her mind.
5. Why did Ellen design the program
A. To save her sister. B. To earn a prize.
C. To check a rare disease. D. To identify birds and plants.
6. What can best describe Ellen according to the passage
A. Determined and careful. B. Creative and helpful.
C. Diligent and selfless. D. Active and easygoing.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. A Girl’s Road to Invention. B. An Invention Helping Doctors.
C. A Girl Recovering from a Disease. D. A New Method to Treat a Disease.
C
A compost (堆肥) program at the Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth grade students to teach them ways to solve human-driven climate change. For the past year, 5, 200 pounds of food waste from the school has gone into compost containers rather than a landfill where it would just break down and produce planet-warming gases.
The school workers could have easily thrown the food waste into a city-provided green bin (垃圾箱) . But taking it out of sight, which would have been easier, would have missed the point, says science teacher Johnna Hampton. “When it’s invisible like that, they don’t see it, but they know it doesn’t sink in (心安) .”
When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile, it sank in. “That’s my orange chicken in there,” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is my food.”
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
Fifth grader Sloan felt so encouraged by the school’s compost program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders, Sloane says, “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200, and we donated it.” They also helped create a petition (请愿) to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.
Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps the planet, instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed,” he says.
Jennifer Silverstein, an expert on climate, says the school’s compost program checks a lot of the boxes for effective, positive climate education to help youth understand the crisis of human-caused climate change.
8. What is the purpose of the compost program
A. To prevent wasting food. B. To deal with climate change.
C. To raise money for the school. D. To keep friendship among kids.
9. How did the school deal with the food waste before
A. By selling to families as compost. B. By putting into compost containers.
C. By turning into new food again. D. By throwing into dustbins.
10. How has the program affected Sloan
A. She has taken climate action. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has got a part-time job in the school. D. She has developed a new way to donate.
11. What can we learn about the program from the last two paragraphs
AIt is well received. B. It is highly profitable.
C. It needs to be more effective. D. It takes time to watch the result.
D
A walking school bus (WSB) project can help reduce air pollution, increase the number of students walking and bicycling, and offer children and parents an opportunity to exercise and socialize, while getting to school on time!
WSB is a safe and fun way for children to get physical activity as they travel to and from school. Each “bus” walks along a way with one or more parents leading it, picking children up at stops along a way designed ahead of time and walking them to school. Then it runs back in the afternoons on the way home from school under adults supervision (监管). It is that easy. You may find that families are already doing this with their children and would be glad to help more students get to school in this healthy, safe and fun way!
Planning WSB seems not to be simple. But the key is to make sure you know the steps. This guide will walk you through how to plan a WSB and help to tailor (定制) your project to your school, community and students. First, get started and plan the route, and then recruit (招募) students and leaders. Finally, run and perfect your project. You may or may not choose to perform these steps in order, depending on your project.
As you work through some steps in order, the WSB Planning Worksheet and Timeline will help you organize your project. Each section of the worksheet helps you record the progress: who is responsible for each task, when things need to start, and the date due to finish. These planning documents will help you organize ideas, people and time in order to improve your WSB as easily as possible.
For more information, explore the references at the end of this guide.
12. What does the WSB mainly aim to do
A. Advertise road safety rules. B. Help children get exercise.
C. Improve student performance. D. Make transportation convenient.
13. What does the underlined word bus in paragraph 2 refer to
A. A school bus. B. A project. C. Parents. D. Students.
14. What do paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about
AWho to join in the WSB. B. How to arrange a project.
C. When to record progress. D. Where to make a worksheet.
15. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A news report. B. A science magazine. C. A guide. D. A book review.
山东省济南市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末学习质量检测英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Every year—for more than 15 years running—Amazon editors come together to decide on the Best Books of the Year. Below are the top 4 picks, along with quotes from the editors.
Hello Beautiful by Ann Napolitano
“Though divided by centuries, three women, who share a unique connection to the natural world and to one, another, tell their amazing stories of coldness, danger, and survival in a beautifully written novel that is an impressive read.” —Seira Wilson
Happy Place by Emily Henry
“Emily Henry’s latest has all the feels!More than your standard second-chance romance, Happy Place is about the beauty, pain, and joy that come with biological families, chosen families, growing up and apart, and how—as adults—we deal with this thing called life.”—Kami Tei
The Wager: A Tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny, and Murder by David Grann
“Please get ready. This true story of violence and murder, adventure, and ambition on the high seas is a page-turner. You can almost feel the salt stuck on your skin as the ship and its noisy shipmen fight against the bad weather and each other for becoming rich and famous. David Grann,once again, has made history come alive.” —Al Woodworth
Lady Tan’s Circle of Women by Lisa See
“I will not soon forget Lady Tan. A historical story grounded in women, medicine, and tradition, Lady Tan’s Circle of Women is heart-touching, and I found myself underlining throughout this inviting read.” —Kami Tei
1. What is Happy Place mainly about
A. Adventures of adults. B. Connection to nature:
C. Mixed feelings of life. D. Challenges of growing up.
2. Who wrote a novel based on a true story
A. Ann Napolitano. B. Emily Henry
C. David Grann. D. Lisa See
3. What do Hello Beautiful and Lady Tan’s Circle of Women have in common
A. They are set in history. B. They are about women.
C. They cover several centuries. D. They focus on dangers of life.
B
Friendship is a beautiful relationship. While some friendships tend to come to an end as we grow in life, there are some rare and special ones that are meant to last forever. No matter how many years pass by, the connection stays alive.
Two childhood best friends who were “joined at the hip” as kids were reunited over a half century later—when they least expected it.
Irene Gresty and Janet Henderson were neighbors in the 1940s, growing up in England, but like many friends, they lost touch over the years. After getting married, Gresty moved with her husband who was in the navy and was shipped to many foreign places. However, Gresty, despite living in many countries, loved her own country. Gresty said, “I loved the area where I grew up, so I wanted to settle down to enjoy retirement (退休).” Thanks to an event hosted by Bield Housing and Care, a non-profit organization devoted to supporting residents over 55 years old, finally they met each other. Gresty said, “We sat down beside each other and she turned to me and said ‘Is that you Irene ’ and I just laughed and said ‘Yes. Are you Janet ’ ” They couldn’t believe that they were meeting each other after so long. They spent the rest of the afternoon talking to each other.
Henderson said that it is usual in life for people to often move away from the area and lose contact. As their family names changed, Henderson couldn’t recognize her friend’s name despite being told about her. The two have promised to never stay long without seeing each other. They exchanged numbers so they could meet in the future. They have many years to catch up on everything they have missed.
4. What does the underlined part “joined at the hip” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Grow fast. B. Work hard.
C. Hang around. D. Stay together.
5. What made Gresty return to England
A. Her friends’ invitation. B. Her husband’s new job.
C. Her interest in traveling. D. Her love for her hometown.
6. Which of the following best describes Gresty and Henderson’s reunion
A. Unexpected. B. Resultless.
C. Long-planned. D. Well-organized
7. What did Gresty and Henderson promise to do next
A. Keep in touch. B. Travel abroad.
C. Post their stories. D. Make more friends.
C
Everywhere and in every given time, children spend their days in simple but interesting games. One such game which has passed the test of time, becoming one of the oldest forms of child’s play ever known, is hoop rolling.
Hoop rolling is both a child’s game and a sport. A large hoop is rolled along the ground, generally by means of an object held by the player to keep it rolling. The aim of the game is to keep the hoop upright for as long periods of time as possible. First, the left hand supports the hoop; the right hand holds the long handle of the hook (钩). And then keep the balance of the hoop with the hook. Push the hoop to the ground, keep it rolling steadily and keep the hoop from falling. In the team competition, it is mainly about who is faster, and how far to roll.
Hoop rolling has a very long history and it has been recorded since ancient times in Africa, Asia and Europe. In Asia, the earliest records date from ancient China, and in Europe from ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks welcomed hoop rolling as a beneficial exercise for those not very strong. Besides, the game was also a common pastime of African village children.
Hoop rolling serves as evidence (证据) of everyday life about the long-gone civilization. Every year at Wellesley College, hoop rolling competition started as a memory of the May Day celebration of spring. Now it gradually becomes part of the graduation ceremony. Students celebrate by dressing up in children’s clothing and playing games. The child’s play popular in ancient times helps them escape from real-world worries.
The long history of the game shows that there indeed are inventions that are timeless. The human ability to make himself and others happy has been present since the beginning of civilization, and will be present forever.
8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about hoop rolling
A Its rules. B. Its types.
C. Its history. D. Its material
9. Why did ancient Greeks like hoop rolling
A. It offered a way to kill time.
B. It was fit for village children.
C. It could be played anywhere.
D. It helped the weak to exercise.
10. Why is Wellesley College mentioned
A. To remember the May Day celebration.
B. To promote a method of reducing stress.
C. To encourage other colleges to follow suit.
D. To give an example of preserving the tradition.
11 What does the long history of hoop rolling suggest
A. People’s hobbies have changed a lot.
B. All inventions will survive in history.
C. Good things can stand the test of time.
D. New games will always be on the way.
D
In childhood we’re told not to talk to strangers. But now we’ve grown up, and it’s time to forget that, because having a chat with someone we don’t know could change our whole day.
Gillian Sandstrom, a lecturer in psychology,would often talk with a woman working on a hot dog stand. “I started nodding and smiling at the lady. When she replied, the small connection made me feel seen, safe and part of the community,” says Sandstrom. This positive connection led her to study the effect of simple social communication. She found that people were about 17 percent happier on the days when they started a chat over a coffee machine,or said hi to a neighbour. “My work clearly shows that talking to strangers makes you more positive,” she says. “It also encourages you to trust other people more,which makes the world friendlier and safer.”
The reason is simple. We want to connect with others. The more people we do this with,the happier we are. In fact, according to a study from Harvard Business School, people who talk within more different relationship levels, including friends, family members, co-workers and strangers, are happier than those with a less broad mix of communication.
The problem is that many of us find the idea of beginning a conversation with strangers a bit frightening. Humans are naturally afraid of being refused. As a result, even though we can sense deep down that nothing too bad could happen if we start a conversation with a stranger, a part of us is afraid of getting hurt doing it.
The good news is that what we fear most rarely happens. In Dr Sandstrom’s work, she found that only ten percent of contact received no answers. The more often we speak to people, the easier it becomes, “Doing it time and time again was the key,” says Dr Sandstrom. “The more people talked to strangers, the less worried they felt about being refused and more confident they became in their ability to start and continue a:conversation.”
12. What drove Sandstrom to start her study
A. Her personal experience.
B. Her childhood memories.
C Her interest in social study.
D Her chats with co-workers.
13. What does the study from Harvard Business School suggest people do
A. Talk more with friends.
B. Group different people.
C Enlarge their social circle.
D. Select their favorite partners.
14. Why are many people unwilling to talk with strangers
A. They fear getting physically injured.
B. They are not used to making friends.
C. They have no idea how to start a talk.
D. They worry about being turned down.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Skills necessary for social life
B. Tips on leaving comfort zones
C. The key to building connections
D. The power of talking to strangers
答案：
山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了海洋科学营的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据标题下“Do you have what it takes to become an ocean protector Learn all about the major issues facing creatures in the ocean and what you can do to help protect our ocean’s future.”（你具备成为海洋保护者的条件吗 了解海洋生物面临的主要问题，以及你可以做些什么来帮助保护我们海洋的未来。）可知，在4号营我们学习保护海洋生物。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Other Information标题下“Each camper will receive a camp shirt and a pair of shorts on the first day of the camp and is expected to wear them every day．”（每个营员将在营地的第一天收到一件营地衬衫和一条短裤，并且每天都要穿。）可知，我们从训练营项目中可以了解到露营者应该穿同样的衣服。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Refund（退款）Policy标题下“In the event of a cancellation, an 80% refund will be issued if the written cancellation request is received 15 days or more before the first day of the camp.”（如果取消，如果在训练营第一天之前15天或更长时间收到书面取消请求，将收到80%的退款。）可知，每个人的价格是$240*0.8=$192。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者分享了自己的个人经历，她通过在走廊里跳舞，摆脱了现实中的压力，感受到自己与音乐的共鸣，享受到自由、无拘束的感觉。作者认为舞蹈能够让人放松心情，释放情绪，并建议读者在面对压力时，用舞蹈来解放自己。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“My roommate Lucy and I danced in the hallway with the booming music for an hour. (我和室友Lucy在走廊里伴着轰轰烈烈的音乐跳了一个小时的舞)”和第二段中“It was within that one hour that I realized how the world around me had stopped. Thoughts of how busy the weekend was going to be and the homework that was due Monday slipped away. It was just me, my roommate, our music and our hallway. (就在那一个小时内，我意识到我周围的世界是如何停止的。周末会有多忙，周一要交作业，这些想法都消失了。只有我，我的室友，我们的音乐和我们的走廊)”可知，作者和室友沉浸在舞蹈的世界中，整整跳了一个小时的舞，她忘记了各种想法。由此可知，她很享受在像走廊这样的私人空间里跳舞。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“There’s no conveying emotions to the audience. There’s just releasing emotions. The feeling is freeing. When you dance it out, it’s just you and your music. No one is there to judge you. You can live in the moment, not worrying about the future. (无需向观众传达情感。只是释放情绪。这种感觉是自由的。当你跳舞的时候，只有你和你的音乐。没有人会评判你。你可以活在当下，不用担心未来)”可知，在作者看来，“尽情跳舞”时人在释放自己的情绪，得到了自由，专注于当下自己的状态。由此可知，对于作者而言，“尽情跳舞”的好处是帮助我们有一个放松的心态。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“So the next time you feel stressed, get up and turn on your favorite music. Let the music move you and free you. (所以下次当你感到压力时，站起来，打开你最喜欢音乐。让音乐感动你，解放你)”可知，作者通过分享自己在走廊里跳舞的经历，描述了尽情跳舞带给人的自由的、无拘束的感觉。作者认为舞蹈能够让人放松心情，释放情绪，并建议读者在面对压力时，用舞蹈来解放自己。因此，A项“在舞蹈中获得自由”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
【答案】7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了人工智能工具可以极大地提高工作者的表现，但也可能对工作者的表现产生负面影响，研究团队建议企业需要找到人工智能和人类工作的最佳结合方式。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“AI tools designed to operate at human levels have greatly expanded in popularity over the past year. (在过去的一年里，旨在达到人类水平的人工智能工具的受欢迎程度大大提高。)”可知，现在人们对人工智能工具的态度是积极向上的。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Harvard Business School recently published results from the experiment in a “working paper”. The main findings suggest that AI tools can greatly improve worker performance. For example, researchers found that, on average, workers who used AI tools completed 12 percent more tasks than the users that handled the assigned tasks on their own. Tasks carried out with help from the AI technology were completed 25 percent faster. And the team found the quality of work performed by consultants using AI technology increased about 40 percent. (哈佛商学院最近在一份“工作论文”中公布了这项实验的结果。主要研究结果表明，人工智能工具可以极大地提高员工的表现。例如，研究人员发现，平均而言，使用人工智能工具的员工完成的任务比自己处理分配任务的用户多完成12%。在人工智能技术的帮助下完成的任务要快25%。该团队发现，使用人工智能技术的顾问的工作质量提高了约40%。) ”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能工具极大地提高了员工的表现。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段的“But for tasks the AI was not right for, “humans relied too much on the AI, and were more likely to make mistakes.” The researchers reported that consultants who used AI for tasks it was not well equipped for “were 19 percent less likely to produce correct solutions compared to those without AI.”(但对于人工智能不适合的任务，研究人员报告说，“如果人类过于依赖人工智能，那就更容易犯错误”。与没有使用人工智能的顾问相比，使用人工智能完成任务的顾问找到正确解决方案的可能性要低19%。)”可知，有些领域中在使用人工智能后，却出现了工作质量下降的情况，结合划线词所在句子“However, the paper also noted areas where the performance of consultants using AI technology dipped. ”可知，划线词意为“下降了”，该句子是第五段的主题句，意为“然而，该论文也指出了使用人工智能技术的咨询师表现下降的领域。”与第四段的“And the team found the quality of work performed by consultants using AI technology increased about 40 percent. (该团队发现，使用人工智能技术的顾问的工作质量提高了约40%。)”构成转折关系。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The team suggests one of the biggest barriers to companies effectively using AI is not knowing which tasks can be completed best with the technology. Finding this out will require businesses to carry out thoughtful research and training efforts to find the right mix of AI and human work. (该团队表示，企业有效使用人工智能的最大障碍之一是不知道哪些任务可以用这项技术完成得最好。要弄清楚这一点，企业需要进行深思熟虑的研究和培训，以找到人工智能和人类工作的正确结合。)”可知，人工智能和人类工作可以得到更好地结合。故选A。
山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
1．B 2．C 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是关于中国艺术夏令营7月19日至8月6日的虚拟艺术营体验的宣传广告。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It’ll be high energy and lots of fun from 9: 00AM-1: 00PM every day for the three-week camp experience.(在为期三周的夏令营体验中，每天从上午9点到下午1点会充满活力和乐趣。)”可知，二年级到五年级的夏令营充满活力和乐趣。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cost: $375 for the full three weeks. Scholarship assistance is available. Register here and apply the code EARLYBIRD21 by April 5th to get a 20% discount.(费用：整整三周375美元。奖学金援助是可用的。在此注册并在4月5日之前申请代码EARLYBIRD21，可获得8折优惠。)”可知，在4月5日前报名参加艺华夏令营的七年级学生需要支付300美元。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It’ll be high energy and lots of fun from 9: 00AM-1: 00PM every day for the three-week camp experience.(在为期三周的夏令营体验中，每天从上午9点到下午1点会充满活力和乐趣。)”和第五段第二句“Each student chooses one camp program to take part in throughout the entire duration of the 3-week Summer Camp experience from 9: 00AM-1: 00PM every day.(在为期三周的夏令营体验中，每个学生从每天上午9点到下午1点，选择一个营地项目参加。)”可知，2-5年级和6-8年级的夏令营的整个持续时间相同。故选D。
4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的老朋友联系他，向他寻求如何获得现有成就的建议，虽然作者认为自己还远没有达成既定的长期目标，但是作者的建议依然给了朋友积极的影响，这让作者非常欣慰，也让作者明白即使你还没有达到自己的目标，但你仍然已经比你以为的走得更远。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently an old friend reached out to me to ask about the success I’ve had in my life (or at least what looks like success on social media XD) and how I achieved it. He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.(最近，一位老朋友找到我，问我在生活中取得的成功（或者至少在社交媒体XD上看起来是成功的）以及我是如何取得成功的。他和我有相似的目标：保持身材，更认真地接触音乐，流利地说日语。)”和第二段“Though I haven’t entirely reached my long-term goals yet in any of these 3 ways, he’s seen that I’ve made some progress on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my advice.(虽然我还没有完全达到我的长期目标，但他看到我在实现这些目标的过程中取得了一些进步，并想要我的建议。)”可知，作者的朋友联系他是为了向他寻求建议。故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“he’ll finally meet with some challenges in the road(他最终会在路上遇到一些挑战)”和“when that time comes(当那个时刻到来的时候)”可知，此处是指帮助他克服遇到的挑战，所以tackle意为“克服”。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be fluent in Japanese.(他和我有相似的目标：保持身材，更认真地接触音乐，流利地说日语。)”和第三段最后三句“A week went by and he told me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, was studying music theory, and sent me clips of him studying Japanese. He’s posting regularly on social media about all the progress he’s making. He’s motivated and doing great!(一个星期过去了，他告诉我，他报名了一个私教课，正在学习音乐理论，并给我发了他学习日语的片段。他定期在社交媒体上发布他取得的所有进展。他很有动力，做得很好！)”可知，作者的朋友是一个目标明确、积极主动的人。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Even if you’re still not where you want to be, there are a lot of people out there who want what you have and who are impressed with how far you’ve come. It’s extremely joyful to be aware how far you’ve come, be proud of yourself, and recognize how much you can help others achieve the same.(即使你还没有达到你的目标，也有很多人想要你所拥有的，他们对你所取得的成就印象深刻。意识到自己已经走了多远，为自己感到骄傲，并意识到自己可以帮助别人取得同样的成就，这是一件非常快乐的事。)”可知，最后一段中作者主要是讲你远比你意识到的走得更远。故选C。
8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们利用山羊来清除引起火灾的枯死植物，从而预防野火。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Wildfires are made possible by hot, dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead plants that serve as fuel.(炎热干燥的天气条件以及作为燃料的死植物供应使野火成为可能)”以及“This is where we can tum to goats to search for a solution, which are being used for landscape management in a number of places around the world, including Greece, Spain, Portugal, Chile and a number of parts of the United States.(这就是我们可以求助于山羊来寻找解决方案的地方，山羊被用于世界上许多地方的景观管理，包括希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙、智利和美国的一些地区)”可知，山羊可以帮助防止野火因为它们可以清除引起火灾的枯死植物。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Goats have an extremely powerful digestive(消化的) system. Many kinds of plants that are dangerous to other animals can be easily eaten by goats. It’s not just fully-grown plants that goats are able to deal with: any seeds that pass through a goat can’t survive and will not grow. Human clearance teams have to worry about getting to the hard-to-reach places where plants grow but goats don’t. They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind legs, they can reach up to two metres to the plants that humans would struggle to reach. Because of this, using goats can reduce both the possibility of workplace accidents and the amount of money spent on fire protection measures. Goatherds have been found to clear some parts of land for a third of the price of human control teams.(山羊有非常强大的消化系统。许多对其他动物有危险的植物很容易被山羊吃掉。山羊能处理的不仅仅是成熟的植物：任何通过山羊的种子都不能存活，也不会生长。人类清理小组必须担心到达难以到达的地方，那里有植物生长，但山羊没有。它们是熟练的登山者，当它们用后腿站立时，它们可以够到两米远的植物，而人类很难够到。正因为如此，使用山羊既可以减少工作场所事故的可能性，也可以减少用于消防措施的资金。人们发现，牧羊人清理部分土地的费用是人工控制团队的三分之一)”可知，第三段的主旨是用山羊来防止野火的原因。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Goats are quieter than grass-cutting machines and people usually prefer to see goats eating grass rather than litres of herbicide(除草剂). Children are often attracted to see the goats at work and this provides an opportunity to educate people about preventing wildfires.(山羊比割草机更安静，人们通常更喜欢看到山羊吃草，而不是看到一升一升的除草剂。孩子们经常被山羊的工作吸引，这也提供了一个教育人们如何预防野火的机会)”可推知，用山羊来防止野火是一种绿色的方式。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Meat, milk, cheese — just some of the things provided by goats. But now we can also add fire safety to this list. As wildfires damage increasingly large areas of the planet each year, goatherds(牧羊人) may offer a way of reducing the risk.(肉、奶、奶酪——这些都是山羊提供的东西。但现在我们还可以在这个列表中加上消防安全。随着野火每年对地球造成越来越大的破坏，牧羊人可能提供了一种降低风险的方法)”结合文章主要说明了人们利用山羊来清除引起火灾的枯死植物，从而预防野火。可知，A选项“消防山羊”最符合文章标题。故选A。
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。旅游业不仅会对当地人的生活造成困扰，也会带来环境问题，但是好在一些政府已经采取了有效措施，如果我们能使旅游业更具可持续性，每个人都可以从中受益。文章对此进行了介绍。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Another problem is accommodation — in Barcelona and New York, for example, many flats and houses are used as tourist accommodation, so homes for local people have become expensive and hard to find.(另一个问题是住宿——例如，在巴塞罗那和纽约，许多公寓和房屋被用作游客住宿，因此当地人的住房变得昂贵而难以找到。)”可知，纽约人很难买到便宜的房子是因为游客需要很多房子。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Tourism can have an effect on the environment as well. Natural areas are ruined to make space to build hotels and tourist facilities, and building them consumes a lot of energy and resources.(旅游业也会对环境产生影响。自然区域被破坏以腾出空间来建造酒店和旅游设施，建造这些设施消耗了大量的能源和资源。)”可知，第三段提到游轮是为了解释为什么旅游业不环保。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Some governments have already taken actions.(一些政府已经采取了行动。)”可知，第四段主要强调了各国政府在发展旅游业方面做得非常好。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite some problems, if we can make tourism more sustainable (可持续的), everyone can benefit from it, and people can continue to enjoy visiting these places in the future.(尽管存在一些问题，如果我们能使旅游业更具可持续性，每个人都可以从中受益，人们可以在未来继续享受参观这些地方。)”可知，作者对旅游业的态度是积极的。故选D。
山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个Google评论中推荐的冲浪地点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Seaton Carew Beach下的“Location: Hanlepool Marina Bay, NewsKent County (地点：汉勒浦滨海湾，纽肯特县)”可知，Scaton Carew Beach位于Hanlepool Marina Bay, NewsKent County，故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Adventure Access下的“It only needs 18 to use their equipment(装备)for an hour on the water. I immediately booked another time! I highly recommend this place. (只需要18英镑就可以在水上使用他们的设备一个小时。我马上又预订了一次！我强烈推荐这个地方。)”可知，Adventure Access因价格合理受到推荐，故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据White Water Centre下的“We had never done either before. Kyle was our instructor and he was very patient to teach us. Whatever your age, have a go, even if you have no sense of balance. (我们以前从未做过。凯尔是我们的导师，他非常有耐心地教我们。无论你的年龄多大，即使你没有平衡感，也要试一试。)”及North East Wake Park下的“It is perfect, whatever level you are at. (无论你处于什么水平，它都是完美的。)”可知，White Wate Centre和North East Wake Park都适合初学者，故选B项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个暖心的故事。一名实习护士为确保一个两岁的患儿的家人晚上不在的时候不会感到害怕，她在摩根的床边笔记上用孩子的家乡语言写下了一系列安慰的纸条，包括语音拼写，以确保所有治疗他的医生和护士都能在需要时安慰他们的小病人。一年以后孩子的母亲才得知此事，这位母亲把护士的善意做法发到网络媒体上，表示感谢。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“He had to leave his home in Swansea to suffer a risky operation(手术)in Birmingham because the doctors there “were the only ones willing to take it on ”with such low survival rates—only a 10 percent chance of survival.(他不得不离开他在斯旺西的家去伯明翰接受一个有风险的手术，因为那里的医生是“唯一愿意收治他的人”，这个手术存活率如此之低——只有10%的存活率)”可知，Morgan被送去伯明翰的医院去是因为只有那里的医生愿意收治这样的病人，为他做这个风险很高的手术。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When a student nurse heard his Welsh-speaking mother comforting him in their native language she decided to make sure Morgan would not feel frightened when his family were away during the nights. She wrote a series of comforting Welsh words on Morgan's bedside notes, including their phonetic spelling, to make sure all the doctors and nurses treating him could comfort their young patient if needed. (当一名实习护士听到他说威尔士语的母亲用母语安慰他时，她决定确保摩根在家人晚上不在的时候不会感到害怕。她在摩根的床边笔记上写下了一系列安慰的威尔士语，包括它们的语音拼写，以确保所有治疗他的医生和护士都能在需要时安慰他们的小病人)”可知，这位实习护士给医生留下一些安慰的纸条，以便夜晚孩子害怕时得到安慰。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“I want to say thank you to her and I have nominated (提名) her for a student nursing award to thank her for going above and beyond.(我想对她说声谢谢，我已经提名她为学生护理奖，以感谢她所做的一切)”可知，这位母亲提名实习护士竞选一个奖项，以此表示她的感谢。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“When a student nurse heard his Welsh-speaking mother comforting him in their native language she decided to make sure Morgan would not feel frightened when his family were away during the nights. She wrote a series of comforting Welsh words on Morgan's bedside notes, including their phonetic (语音的) spelling, to make sure all the doctors and nurses treating him could comfort their young patient if needed. The words included, “You’re OK” and “You’re safe”.(当一名实习护士听到他说威尔士语的母亲用母语安慰他时，她决定确保摩根在家人晚上不在的时候不会感到害怕。她在摩根的床边笔记上写下了一系列安慰的威尔士语，包括它们的语音拼写，以确保所有治疗他的医生和护士都能在需要时安慰他们的小病人。这些话包括‘你没事’和‘你很安全’)”可知，这位护士是有爱心，为他人考虑，细心体贴的。故选B项。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间，远离移动设备，让孩子们有良好的睡眠。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Professor Kurt Lushington, a psychologist who led the study; said, “It is a naturalistic experiment showing the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple: a good timetable and no mobile devices (设备) at night.” (领导这项研究的心理学家库尔特·卢辛顿教授；他说：“这是一个自然主义的实验，表明青少年良好睡眠的关键很简单：一个好的时间表，晚上不要使用移动设备。”)”可知，青少年好的睡眠的秘诀是有规律的作息时间，没有移动设备。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Over the past 20 years, the time children spend sleeping has fallen and only half regularly get more than seven hours. (在过去的20年里，孩子们的睡眠时间减少了，只有一半的孩子的睡眠时间经常超过7小时。)”及“The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)whose blue light wakes the brain, making it harder to (最大的问题是智能手机和平板电脑，它们发出的蓝光会唤醒大脑，使大脑更难)”可知，数码设备发出的蓝光使大脑更难入睡。fall asleep意思为：睡着，与划线词意思相近。故选A项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Lack ( 缺 少 ) of sleep affects mental health and school performance ( 表 现 ) and causes behavioural problems. It has also been connected with the child obesity epidemic and other diseases. (睡眠不足会影响心理健康和学习成绩，并导致行为问题。它还与儿童肥胖流行病和其他疾病有关。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了缺乏睡眠的不良影响。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time, according to a recent study, which was presented at Sleep Down Under, the 33rd yearly scientific meeting of the Australasian Sleep Association. (根据最近在澳大利亚睡眠协会第33届年度科学会议sleep Down Under上发表的一项研究，寄宿学校的孩子们因为严格的熄灯时间而获得了最好的睡眠。)”及最后一段““I think if you put these rules in place, kids will go along with them,” he told New Scientist. (他告诉《新科学家》：“我认为，如果你把这些规则放在适当的地方，孩子们会遵守的。”)”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间，远离移动设备，让孩子们有良好的睡眠。D选项“想睡个好觉，试试寄宿学校的规定吧”适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末教学质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了澳大利亚的四所国家公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Booderee National Park中“While summer is good for visiting due to the excellent weather, a special event takes place in June and July when whales come back with their babies. (由于天