山东省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

山东省部分市
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末教学质量检测英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Westminster is a day school in America for grades pre-first through 12, committed to creating an educational experience where bright, curious, motivated students can grow into leaders of responsibility.
JanTerm is an intensive, three-week course of study allowing upper grade students to focus on a single topic in great depth and at a faster pace. This learning experience offers unique, cross-disciplinary experiences in the classroom as well as off-campus field trips and opportunities for overnight travel.
In January 2023, 819 students chose from 43 courses including Food Chemistry &Global Perspectives, Sports Medicine, Storytelling Through Filmmaking, Literature &Ecology of Fly Fishing, Disaster Management, Innovations in Vehicle Design, and other options combining experiential learning across a variety of disciplines.
Each course participated in field trips as part of their curriculum, some within the Atlanta area and others throughout the United States and beyond. Altogether, students took more than 200 field trips to places like Florida’s coastal regions to study biodiversity, the Coca-Cola headquarters, and Broadway in New York City. Students met with famous leaders of Atlanta’s business and experts in a variety of fields. International JanTerm courses took students to countries like Czech Republic and Poland to learn about the Jewish experience from ancient times to present, and England to explore the country’s shifting landscapes. In addition, nearly 100 speakers presented to classes.
1. What is one feature of JanTerm
A. It has over 200 classes. B. It is a topic-focused course.
C. It organises a three-day trip. D. It allows all students to attend.
2. What do field trips provide for students
A. Full scholarship. B. Job opportunities.
C. Academic credits. D. Learning resources.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A business magazine. B. A book review.
C. An entertainment column. D. An educational website.
B
Nathan Smith is captain of Port Vale FC, and Tom Conlon has just signed for Oldham Athletic of the National League. These two football players, both 27, feel they have a responsibility to pass on lessons they learnt to the next generation.
They founded the Pro Level coaching school in 2021, offering free weekly classes at Keele University, in Staffordshire. To keep the academy run well, they then launched a charity to help children from all backgrounds and abilities get the most from the sport. They see the charity as an “antidote” to the football system, which has been heavily criticised for putting too much pressure on youngsters before many of them are thrown away. Although Nathan and Tom work with the abandoned players, trying to rebuild their confidence and love of the game, they stress that ability is not a criterion for attending the training.
They will provide some vital life lessons along the way, helping young people to overcome their shyness and become better communicators, and also support young players who have been rejected by professional clubs at an early age and feel football has little to offer them.
Tom said, “The sort of coaching shouldn’t just be for those who long to be the stars of the future-all children can benefit from the tactical (战术的), fitness and mentality work we do. Childhood has become increasingly challenging. We are looking to provide a place for all children to feel proud of who they are.”
“I want to offer them the same experience that’s helped shape the person I am now. And we see the children that we are coaching overcome their shyness and lack of confidence. You can see them growing as young people, developing relationship, becoming better communicators and socializing with others, “added Nathan.
Emily Cherry, director of the charity, said, “I’ve seen the boys coach and the difference it makes to the children. The kids benefit massively, and not just in terms of soccer skills.”
4. Why did Tom Conlon and Nathan Smith found the coaching school
A. To raise money for children. B. To hunt for professional coaches.
C. To train excellent football players. D. To transform children through football.
5. Which is the closest in meaning to “antidote” in paragraph 2
A. Solution. B. Addition. C. Organisation. D. Shelter
6. What does children need most according to the text
A. Soccer skills. B. Free coaching C. Life skills. D. Physical fitness.
7. What does Emily Cherry think of the coaching school
A. It becomes a hit. B. It needs to be improved.
C. It makes much profit. D. It makes much difference.
C
With the emergence (出现) of intelligent transportation systems and the internet of things, the world is entering the next stage of movement — smart transportation.
In recent years, Chinese technology companies have worked hard to speed up the commercial use of robotaxis. In March, Beijing gave autonomous driving permits to tech giant Baidu and self-driving startup Pony.ai to run fully driverless robotaxis on open roads. In June, Baidu carried out its driverless ride-hailing (叫车) service in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Its Apollo Go robotaxis have been put into use across an area of 188 square kilometers in Shenzhen from 7 am to 10 pm daily.
Passengers can download apps like Apollo Go or Baidu Map to their smartphones, and tell the app where they are and where they want to go. Then, a car will appear. With sensors and cameras placed all over the car, a computer takes full control of the drive. A screen on the back seats shows how the robotaxi’s software looks at the space around the car to see other cars, humans, bikes, and anything else that might get in its way.
“The robotaxi goes at about the same speed, providing a good driving experience,” a user posted on Xiaohongshu. As of the first quarter of 2023, the user satisfaction rating for the Apollo Go app has reached 4.9 out of 5, with the latest data showing that 97.12 percent of the reviews are five-star ratings.
Meanwhile, drivers in the city can also enjoy the conveniences of smart transportation. In Guiyang, Guizhou, at some smart parking lots, drivers only need to park their cars at an induction (感应) line. A smart system can put the vehicles into a specific area. When drivers want to get back their cars, they make a request on the terminal (终端的) device and the car will come out of the parking lot by itself in about one minute.
All in all, smart transportation uses new technologies to make moving around a city easier and safer.
8. What do we know from paragraph 2
A. Baidu competes fiercely against Pony.
B. Robotaxis begin to run in some cities in China.
C. Robotaxis can run on open roads without driving permits.
D. Tech companies do little research on smart transportation.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. How to work robotaxis. B. Why to use smartphones.
C. Where to download apps. D. Who to control computers.
10. What is the purpose of listing the numbers in paragraph 4
A. To compare speed ratings.
B. To show the users’ satisfaction.
C. To check the safety of robotaxis.
D. To introduce a driving experience,
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Robotaxis: A New Development
B. Smart transportation: A Better Life
C. Giant Baidu: A Leader in Technology
D. Tech companies: Hope for the Future
D
Some are concerned that AI tools are turning language learning into a weakening pursuit. More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak. With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours.
Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of on-going contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti without incident.
Douglas Hofstadter, an expert in many languages, has argued that something profound (深刻的) will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a broken, difficult speech in Chinese, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of satisfaction at the end.
As AI translation becomes an even more popular labor-saving tool, people can be divided into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, expose themselves to other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This group will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance (耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.”
But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analysing the benefits of close relationships to heart-health but overlooking the inherent (固有的) value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or ruin a joke in broken German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put delicate differences on an argument, that connection is more profound still. The best relationships do not require a medium.
12. What is the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. Communicating through apps is simple.
B. Apps provide a one-way interactive process.
C. Using apps becomes more and more popular.
D. AI tools weaken the needs of language learning.
13. What is Douglas’ attitude to language learning
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear
14. What do we know about the second group mentioned in paragraph 4
A. They are keen on foreign culture.
B. They long to join in endurance sports.
C. They find Al tools too complex to operate.
D. They lack the motivation to learn language.
15. How does the author highlight his argument in the last paragraph
A. By providing examples. B. By explaining concepts.
C By stating reasons. D. By offering advice.
山东省日照市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15 小题; 每小题2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
What are the best foreign films coming out in May Here are four of the best new films to watch.
Hypnotic
Nothing is what it seems in Hypnotic, a mind-bending plot thriller from Robert Rodriguez. Ben Affleck stars as a police detective who is disturbed by the disappearance of his daughter. He is investigating a series of bank robberies (抢劫) when a mystery woman tells him about “hypnotics”: people who have the power to make others believe and do anything they want by saying a single sentence.
Released on 11 May in Australia, 12 May in the US &26 May in the UK
The Little Mermaid
Another month, another live-action-and-CGI remake of a classic Disney cartoon. But this one is more distinctive than most, because a black actress, Halle Bailey, is playing the title character, who was white in the 1989 cartoon. Besides, the film’s director argues that his version of The Little Mermaid is progressive in other ways, too. “She and Prince Eric, played by Jonah Hauer-King, really teach the world about prejudice and about breaking down barriers and walls between these two worlds.” Also, there’s a singing crab (螃蟹).
On general release from 24 May
The Eight Mountains
All of the mountains in The Eight Mountains are unspoilt and breathtakingly beautiful. Some of them are in the Himalayas, but most are in the Italian alps, where Pietro, a city boy from Turin, befriends Bruno, the only child left in a remote rural village.
Released on 5 May in Japan, 12 May in the UK and Ireland, and 19 May in Spain and Finland
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3
It’s been six years since Marvel’s second Guardians of the Galaxy film came out. Star-Lord, Gamora, Rocket, Drax and their partners are finally back for more adventures and this time they’re up against the High Evolutionary.
On general release from 15 May
1. What do we know about the police detective in Hypnotic
A. His daughter is missing. B. His magic is unbelievable.
C. He is involved in a bank robbery. D. He is cheated by a mystery woman.
2. What is special about The Little Mermaid
A. It is a live-action film. B. It stars a black actress.
C. It has a dancing crab in it. D. It results in racial inequality.
3. Which film is available for British audiences on 12 May
A. Hypnotic. B. The Little Mermaid.
C. The Eight Mountains. D. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3.
B
In a Zulu village, Daphne gave birth to a baby, named Xolani Nkosi. The baby was tiny, no more than two kilos. As the months passed, Daphne realized the boy was ill. The doctor who examined the boy had said his illness might be a result of HIV infection.
Meanwhile, another South African woman, Gail Johnson, was living a different life. She and her husband were not wealthy, but were comfortably middle class. A visit to a friend’s brother, who was in the terminal (晚期的) stage of AIDS, made her determined to do something. By October, she had raised enough money to set up the Guest House, and took in a dozen dying of AIDS. Daphne sent her boy to the Guest House, where he became a star.
But in 1992 the Guest House had to be closed for lack of money. Gail offered to adopt Nkosi. By his 4th birthday, Nkosi was eating better, gaining some weight. In 1997, Gail sent Nkosi to school. In 3 years at school Nkosi had only one accident. He fell in the playground and cut his mouth. The bleeding was handled with care. His school performance was satisfactory.
Nkosi’s progress was tracked in the media. Gail took advantage of the coverage to raise money and found a house in Johannesburg for some women and their kids. She called it Nkosi’s Haven. Nkosi and Gail became icons (偶像人物) in the international AIDS community. They were invited to the United States and spent a week there making appearances. Then in July 2000, the 13th International Conference on AIDS was scheduled to be held in Durban. Nkosi was introduced to a huge audience. He said, “Care for us and accept us. We are all human beings. We are normal. We have hands. We have feet. Don’t be afraid of us. We are all the same.” His tiny body was ravaged, but his big heart inspired a nation.
4. What drove Gail Johnson to found the Guest House
A. Her middle class status. B. Her visit to an AIDS sufferer.
C. Her ability to raise money. D. Her determination to be wealthy.
5. What can we learn about Nkosi from the last paragraph
A. He won the battle against AIDS in the end.
B. He made much progress in AIDS research.
C. He became a leader in the AIDS community.
D. He urged people to treat AIDS patients fairly.
6. What does the underlined word “ravaged” in the last paragraph mean
A. Ruined. B. Injured. C. Controlled. D. Protected.
7. Which of the following can best describe Gail
A. Clever and humorous. B. Curious and inspiring.
C. Strong-willed and demanding. D. Warm-hearted and considerate.
C.
In 2000, a group of innovators in Denmark came up with a different kind of library —the Human Library. It has since transformed into a global phenomenon where “readers” can check out a human “book”. Each “title” offers an opportunity for dialogue over difficult questions, a process which the library hopes will help us all “un-judge” one another.
The first human library was organized by Ronni Abergel, his brother, and two colleagues. As a four-day event at a festival, the project was experimental. However, over a thousand readers came to read the human books available. The books themselves were chosen to represent often misunderstood groups. The initial library was a success leading to the foundation of the Human Library Organization, which has since carried on the lending of human books.
People can be part of the Human Library in two ways. One can volunteer to be a book and to offer first-hand knowledge of an experience or identity. Among the Human Library are books entitled “Alcoholic” “Depression,” and so on. While these titles may seem simple and direct, the Human Library hopes readers will pick a topic but come to know the book for so much more than just the cover and title. Volunteer books agree to share their experiences — a commitment which requires patience, empathy (共情), and a level of comfort in sharing.
Another way to experience the Human Library is as a reader. Readers check out books for a certain amount of time. While being respectful, the library create s a space where readers can listen to the stories of books. Readers are encouraged to ask the difficult questions they always wondered but never had a chance to ask. Specifically, the library hopes it will be “a place where people who would otherwise never talk find room for conversation.”
The Human Library Organization today holds pop-up events around the world and even has permanent borrowing locations in several cities They also work with companies as a rather unique provider of diversity and inclusion training.
8. What can we learn about the first human library
A. It was well received. B. It had only four workers.
C. It was misunderstood. D. It was a weekly project.
9. What is required of a volunteer book
A. Eagerness to learn. B. Painful experiences.
C. Willingness to share. D. Remarkable achievements.
10. How does the Human Library help readers
A. By creating a space for them to talk freely.
B. By encouraging them to open up to strangers.
C. By showing them how to be respectful of others.
D. By teaching them to solve difficult questions alone.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. The origin of the Human Library B. How to manage a Human Library
C. Borrowing people instead of books D. How to get along with human books
D
Have you ever felt a connection with others while singing dancing, or listening to music together Psychologist Robin Dunbar says moving in sync (同步) can create strong bonds between people. He believes it helped early humans make larger groups and better communities.
Dunbar thinks humans found a way to get in tune with many people at the same time using voices or body movements. This let us make bigger groups than other primates (灵长类动物), who usually bond by cleaning their fur for each other. When people sing or dance in sync, they release feel-good chemicals, which help build relationships.
In one experiment with athletes, researchers found that those who worked out in sync with others were more resistant to pain. This may be because their endorphin (内啡肽) levels increased. In another study, people who danced in sync felt closer to others than those who danced separately.
One interesting experiment involved babies. It showed that they are more likely to help an adult if they previously bounced in sync with them. This suggests that even very young children can experience the bonding effects of synchrony. Research has also shown that we use both the left and right sides of the brain when we move in sync with others. Additionally, the brain’s reward system is activated, making us more likely to lend a hand to others when we are in sync.
Animals, like birds and fish, also show synchrony in their movements. This points to this kind of behavior having evolutionary roots. Flocks of birds flying in formation and schools of fish swimming together are examples of synchrony in the animal kingdom. This type of behavior helps animals stick together to protect themselves from danger and to find food more efficiently.
So, the next time you’re at a concert or dance party, remember that moving together not only feels good but also helps us bond with others and create a sense of unity.
12. What does Robin Dunbar think of synchrony
A. It requires plenty of practice.
B. It helps to bring people closer.
C. It improves the function of the body.
D. It sets humans apart from other animals.
13. What does research show about people in sync
A. They will be rewarded. B. They could be more helpful.
C. The y will live a happy life. D. They are unlikely to feel pain.
14. Why does the author mention “birds” and “fish” in paragraph 5
A. To prove they are different from other species.
B. To explain how they cooperate with each other.
C. To introduce how animals make use of synchrony.
D. To show synchrony also exists in the animal world.
15. What does the text mainly talk about concerning synchronized movement
A. Its variety. B. Its applications.
C. Its benefits. D. Its complexity.
山东省东营市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In Singapore, it seems like art can be seen at every turn. Throughout the year, festivals, live performances, and concerts add to the vibrancy (活力) of the creative community. Here are some of the biggest art festivals.
SINGAPORE ART WEEK
When: January
Over the course of 10 days, this massive visual art celebration organizes more than 130 art events — at museums, galleries, independent art spaces, and public places across Singapore from the city center to the heartland neighborhoods. Visitors can have discussions with artists, and attend art exhibitions and workshops that explore art and culture in Asia. Whether you’re interested in Sudanese architecture or cute Japanese paintings, there’s an event for everyone,
ART SG
When: January
During the biggest art fair in Southeast Asia, more than 150 of the world’s best galleries will showcase their collection of more than 1,000 artists at the Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Center. From 12-15 January, this large-scale art show highlights paintings, sculptures, and photography from galleries like the influential Gagosian and London’s White Cube.
SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF ARTS
When: May
This annual performance art festival pushes the boundaries of physical and virtual spaces and explores The Anatomy of Performance through music, film, dance, musicals, and plays. The festival’s lineup includes a broad range of programs from local and international artists, ranging from orchestral performances to different styles of modern and traditional dances.
SINGAPORE NIGHT FESTIVAL
When: August
For one week each August, the Bras Basah Bugis district lights up for this multi-dimensional art festival, with more than a dozen light installations (装置), stage shows, and theater performances. The National Museum of Singapore sponsors the event. It also acts as a major venue for various performances and demonstrations along with the Singapore Art Museum and the Peranakan Museum.
1. What can visitors do at SINGAPORE ART WEEK
A. Watch orchestral performances.
B. Appreciate works of photography.
C. Discuss with artists.
D. Admire Sudanese paintings.
2. How long does the biggest art fair in Southeast Asia last
A. Three days. B. Four days. C. A week. D. Ten days.
3. Which would you like to choose if you want to attend it at night
A. SINGAPORE ART WEEK
B. ART SG
C. SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF ARTS
D. SINGAPORE NIGHT FESTIVAL
B
Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her 88-year-old father, who needed surgery.
What troubled her almost as much as his health was the fact that all day the two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. She and her father had always had good conversations, but now his once wide-ranging interests seemed to have shrunk to the size of the room. He talked about the terrible hospital food, the tests, the doctors, the diagnosis, the potential outcomes. “It is really hard to sit with a person in a hospital,” Khan says. “It feels like there’s nothing to talk about except their medical situation.”
That day in the hospital, her eye fell on a pile of books that people had brought as gifts. Her father had always been a reader, but lately he didn’t have the energy or focus. She picked up Young Titan, Michael Shelden’s biography of Winston Churchill, and started to read it out loud. “Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere,” she says. That afternoon, Khan read to her father for an hour. It was a relief and a pleasure for both of them. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father and help him in a situation that was otherwise out of her hands. Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter’s voice, and back into the realm of mature, intellectual engagement, where he felt himself again.
“He’s in and out of the hospital a lot now” Khan says, “and I always read to him. ”That may be just what the doctor ordered. In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors believed these improvements were in large part due to the “rich, varied, nonprescriptive diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry promoting focused concentration, and narratives of all sorts giving rise to thoughts, feelings, and memories.
4. What do we know about Khan’s father from paragraph 2
A. He stuck to a wide range of interests. B. He had no small talk with Khan.
C. His mood suffered quite a lot. D. All his hope was lost.
5. Which statement is true
A. Khan got inspiration from Young Titan.
B. Khan had specially prepared Young Titan for her father.
C. Reading was a win-win way for Khan and her father.
D. Khan’s father had had no interest in reading.
6. Joining weekly read-aloud groups can benefit elderly adults in the following aspects EXCEPT.
A. the tolerance of loneliness. B. the capability of socializing.
C. the relieving of anxiety. D. the promoting of concentration.
7 What can we infer about the elderly adults’activity of group reading
A. All kinds of literature worked equally. B. A specific kind of literature worked better.
C. It was the amount of reading that counted. D. It was the variety of reading that counted.
C
BBYY, as the adult female was known, made a wild dash of more than 388 kilometers in 49 days—the longest distance ever recorded among hares, rabbits or any other relatives—researchers report online December 22 in Ecology.
“To think that such a small animal living under such extreme conditions averaged about eight kilometers per day across seven weeks is truly amazing,” says Joel Berger, a scientist at Colorado State University in Fort Collins.
Arctic hares, also known as North-Pole hares—which weigh more or less the same as house cats, about four kilograms—are desirable targets for foxes and wolves on the tundra (苔原). Given the hares’ important role in the Arctic food chain, scientist Dominique Berteaux wanted to know how the animals move across the dry landscape where very few plants can grow.
In 2019, Berteaux and colleagues fixed satellite tracking rings on 25 hares caught near the northern tip of Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. As the hares quickly ran away, the researchers had no idea the creatures were beginning a mind-blowing journey across the tundra, Berteaux says. That’s because hares and their relatives, typically spend their lives within a familiar area where food is plentiful and easy to find.
The Arctic hares behaved quite differently, with most traveling anywhere between 113 and 310 kilometers. None came close to BBYY, who died of unknown causes about a month after reaching her final destination.
For a hare to complete such a dangerous journey, it must balance the need to find food without becoming food, says Dennis Murray, a scientist. That makes BBYY’s adventure even more impressive, he says.
Berteaux and colleagues hope data from BBYY and the other hares can help shape conservation strategies for the desert system near the North Pole. But even at this early stage, it’s exciting to find “something unknown in an animal that we thought we knew quite well,” Berteaux says.
8. Why did Berteaux and colleagues do research on Arctic hares
A. Because of their amazing ability to travel a long distance.
B Because of their weighing more or less the same as house cats.
C. Because of their important role in the Arctic food chain.
D. Because of their extreme living conditions.
9. What does the underlined word “mind-blowing” in the fourth paragraph mean
A. Amazing. B. Challenging. C. Demanding. D. Upsetting.
10. What do we know about BBYY
A. BBYY was an adult male with the longest distance record among hares.
B. BBYY died of tiredness from traveling the longest distance.
C. BBYY, like other Arctic hares, typically lived within a familiar area.
D. BBYY managed to balance the need to find food without becoming food.
11. What can we infer from the text
A. The findings of Berteaux and colleagues are good for nothing.
B. The findings of Berteaux and colleagues just confirm what people believe about hares.
C. Berteaux and colleagues have discovered an unknown species—Arctic hares.
D. Berteaux and colleagues will go on with their research on Arctic hares.
D
Amid global efforts to replace fossil fuels with clean energy, Chinese scientists and engineers are working on a bright idea — soaking up abundant energy from the sun and then beaming it back to Earth.
Multiple teams in China are currently focused on technologies needed for building and running a space-based solar power facility, which will allow the sun’s energy to be captured nonstop, something that isn’t possible from Earth, said Hou Xinbin, a senior researcher.
After collecting solar energy, the space facility will transform it into electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves, and laser beams and send it wirelessly back to the Earth’s surface. Receiving stations will, then tum these electromagnetic waves and laser beams into electricity for distribution to power grids (电网).
“As a key step to testing the workability of space-based solar power generation, we want to make and place into orbit a pair of satellites — a large one that will collect solar power and transform it to microwaves and laser beams, and a smaller one responsible for receiving laser beams, Meanwhile, a ground station will be in charge of receiving the microwaves. The two satellites will form an in-orbit testing system for wireless power transfer, ”Hou said.
However, a host of technical issues must be solved before any commercially viable solar power project can take shape in space, Hou said. The challenges include developing high-performance components with acceptable sizes and weights these cannot be too big or too heavy — and integrating them into a satellite; and also ensuring that the power beams reach ground receiving stations with great accuracy, he said.
Hou noted that there is an urgent need in China to develop new sources of clean energy, which are sustainable, affordable and secure, and can be widely used, as China has announced that it aims to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and realize carbon neutrality before 2060. The power generated in this manner will be free of pollution and limitless, and this source of energy could also be used to power any spacecraft within its beaming range.
12. What is the advantage of a space-based solar power facility over an earth-based one
A. It will capture the sun’s energy continuously.
B. It will capture the sun’s energy cheaply.
C. It will capture the sun’s energy directly.
D. It will capture the sun’s energy conveniently.
13. What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A. Why the space facility will be built.
B. How the space facility will work.
C. What parts the space facility will consist of.
D. What benefits the space facility will bring.
14. Which will Hou probably agree with
A. The construction of this space facility means a lot in China’s efforts to go green.
B. The construction of this space facility will soon become commercially available.
C. The construction of this space facility faces both support and protest.
D. The construction of this space facility is more of a dream than of a reality.
15. What is the best title
A. China aiming to realize carbon neutrality by promoting clean energy
B. China aiming to shine in space-based solar power tech to boost clean energy
C. China aiming to take the lead in exploring solar power for clean energy
D. China aiming to become a space power by building a space-based facility
山东省泰安市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are four free online encyclopedias(百科全书) which have simplified explanations of deeper topics for kids. The online encyclopedias also help the parent or the teacher to free the kids to do their own research.
Simple English Wikipedia
The online reference source is running around 64,555 articles right now. Simple English Wikipedia uses simple English words, grammar and short sentences. It can also be used in Japan, Spain, Germany and some other countries with different languages. Use the search bar to search for topics.
Yahoo! Kids
It is a good enough homework-help site with tools like the World Facebook, a dictionary, Q&A service, and small sections on science and animals etc. The most direct way to have access to the encyclopedia is to use the search bar. The information contains further links which can take you deeper into related areas. The language is pretty basic.
Fact Monster
The interface of Fact Monster includes a dictionary, an almanac(年历), and an encyclopedia. This child-friendly site is a part of . Fact Monster also uses the database of the Columbia Encyclopedia. You can use the search bar or surf by subject. Each subject covers a range of sub-topics. The information is brief and to the point.
.Au
. Au is actually an Australian “not-for-profit” safe site run by a team of volunteers. The site has an encyclopedia among other informational tools. With one million articles on a variety of topics, the site is a good place to visit if you want child-safe and easy to-understand information.
1．Which one of the following makes Simple English Wikipedia special
A．It’s the first child-friendly site. B．It contains a large number of articles.
C．It’s only useful to native English speakers. D．It supplies a wide variety of languages.
2．What can we know about . Au
A．Its aim is to earn money. B．Its articles are not complicated.
C．It has tools like the World Facebook. D．It’s not safe for children to make a visit.
3．Where would we probably find the passage
A．In a magazine. B．In a fiction.
C．In literary woks. D．In a journal.
B
Earlier this year, I had a chance to go to space. I was really excited and made full preparations for it.
Finally, the day arrived. With all the noise, we lifted off. I could see Earth disappearing. As we ascended (上升), I was at once aware of pressure. The force of gravity pulled at me. There was an instrument that told us how many g’s (重力加速度的倍数) we were experiencing. At two g’s, I tried to raise my arm, and I could barely do so. At three g’s, I felt my face being pushed down into my seat. I thought, “Will I pass out How many g’s can my ninety-year-old body deal with ” Suddenly, no g’s. Weightlessness. We were floating.
We got out of our safety belt and began to float around. And I got to the window as quickly as possible to see what was out there.
I looked down, and I could see the hole that our spaceship had left in the atmosphere. I continued my self-guided tour and turned my head to face the other direction, staring into space. I saw a cold, dark, black emptiness. It was unlike any blackness you can see or feel on Earth. My excitement disappeared, and I felt really down. I turned back toward the light of home. I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth, the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky. It was Mother Earth.
The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness. In space, I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have. But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth. I know we should devote ourselves to our planet and love all around us.
4．How did the author think of gradual changes in g’s
A．He found he could raise arms easily.
B．He felt his face was pressed against the safety belt.
C．He thought he would pass out because he was too old.
D．He believed he could deal with the gravity for he was strong.
5．What did the author see when floating in space
A．The black hole in space. B．A cold and white emptiness.
C．Other beautiful planets in space. D．The outline of the earth with white clouds.
6．Which of the following best describes the author’s trip
A．The author felt extremely lonely.
B．The author found the trip very boring.
C．The trip was inconsistent with the author’s expectation.
D．The trip filled the author’s fellows with depression.
7．What can we infer from the author’s trip to space
A．We should live in harmony with aliens. B．We should value the earth and protect it.
C．We should try to move to the other planets. D．We should consider escaping from the earth.
C
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved a new class of hearing aid devices, which do not require a medical exam. That means Americans will be able to buy hearing aids later this year without seeing a doctor or receiving a medical examination.
The devices are designed for adults with mild to moderate hearing problems. The FDA estimates that the hearing aids could help nearly 30 million adults in the United States, but only about one-fifth of people with hearing problems use the devices currently.
“Today’s action by the FDA represents a significant milestone in making hearing aids more cost-effective and accessible,” Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra, told reporters on Tuesday. The FDA first proposed the rule change for hearing aids last year and the new rules will take effect in the middle of October. The move follows years of pressure from medical experts and others to make the devices less costly and easier to get.
However, cost is still a barrier right now. Americans can pay more than $5,000 for hearing aids, which is for the device itself and fitting services. Private insurance coverage is also limited for the devices. And government insurance for older people, known as Medicare, does not pay for them. Medicare only pays for hearing tests.
“The requirement to see a specialist was not only a burden and an annoyance for many consumers but also it actually created a competitive barrier to entry,” said Brian Deese, a White House economic adviser. Deese added that the government estimates that Americans could save as much as $2,800 for a set of hearing aids if they want to buy them.
But FDA officials noted that the savings will depend on when producers launch products and how much they cost. “It’s very hard to predict exactly what we’ll see and when,” said Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, the FDA’s medical device chief. Shuren added officials expected to see increased competition from new producers and new products from existing hearing aid makers.
8．Who probably use the new hearing aid devices
A．The people who cannot afford medical fee.
B．The 20 percent of people who can pay for them.
C．The people who needn’t be examined by doctors.
D．The adults whose hearing problems are not serious.
9．What might the rule change bring
A．Hearing tests for free. B．More pressure from medical experts.
C．Lower cost of the hearing devices. D．More private insurance coverage.
10．What may Deese agree with
A．Seeing a specialist was unaccessible.
B．Seeing a specialist was a troublesome experience.
C．The government will save much medical expense.
D．Americans will pay more money for medical care.
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．When the cost will be reduced is uncertain. B．Existing hearing aid makers can benefit most.
C．Officials will decide the price of the hearing aids. D．New producers will succeed in the competition.
D
A lot of glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate(碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids(氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
In a test, glass beads(玻璃珠) made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the bead and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded(降解) beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice showed any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this barrier, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass making. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release.
12．What did the researchers study during the experiment
A．The mice’s skin healing process. B．The breakdown of the glass beads.
C．The medical value of the new glass. D．The glass degradation with less injury to the mice.
13．How do the researchers improve the durability of amino acid glass
A．Adding more amino acids. B．Heating the glass and rapidly cooling it.
C．Using special chemical substances. D．Changing the producing process of glass.
14．What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Transformed. B．Melted. C．Enlarged. D．Produced.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A New Kind of Perfect Glass B．Amino Acids Make Glass Tougher
C．Large-scale Commercial Glass Products D．Environment-Friendly and Biodegradable Glass
山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Letters to customers
Letter 1
Dear Mr Johnson,
Thanks for your long-term trust. We take great pleasure in announcing that our latest product, the 1000-watt home theater system, has come onto the market.
The device comes with five speakers. It is Bluetooth-enabled and has a USB port. The sound quality and picture quality are outstanding.
Grab yours today! Contact us at 999-999-999.
Helen
Letter 2
Dear Miss Turner,
We are grateful for your good review of our printer. To express our thanks, we’d like to give you a special offer. In the upcoming three months, you will get one free cartridge (墨盒) for any three that you buy. It also applies to any paper you buy.
Please show this note to us when you visit our store. It will make sure you can get the offer and a significant discount on other products.
Call us at 333-555-999 if you have any questions.
Nicholas
Letter 3
Dear Mr Davis,
We’d like to congratulate you on the ownership of the new mountain bike. This bike is the first to succeed in all the standard safety tests set by the Cycling Association of America. You can get a free bike repair service within the first month of your purchase.
We also trade in old and new bikes. For more information, call us at 223-334-445.
Bob
Letter 4
Dear Miss Smith,
I am delighted that you are satisfied with the washer and dryer purchased from our store.
If you experience any damage within the first six months of your purchase, we will repair them at no cost. After that, we offer competitive rates to ensure your continued satisfaction.
Please feel free to contact us at 111-222-111 for any further information.
Amy
1. What’s Helen’s purpose in writing to Mr Johnson
A. To show her trust.
B. To confirm an order.
C. To promote a new product.
D. To seek opinions on their product.
2. What should Miss Turner do to ensure a discount on a new product
A. Give praise for the cartridge.
B. Bring the note to the store.
C. Buy at least four cartridges.
D. Recommend the printer to others. ‘
3. What do Letter 3 and Letter 4 have in common
A. Both offer free maintenance.
B. Both stress the safety of products.
C. Both display competitive product rates.
D. Both involve the trade of new and old products.
B
The National Center for Education Statistics reports that about one in five adults in the US is illiterate (不识字的) or has poor literacy skills. I Love Books is on a mission to change that.
Founded in 2021, the social organization aims to end illiteracy by making sure that all children have access to books. Through selling clothes and other things online, the organization is able to provide new books for the youth. So far, it has donated more than 3,000 books to pupils across three Kentucky cities.
“One of the difficulties in achieving high literacy for kids living in poverty is that there are no books in their homes or communities. Their schools may not have a lot of books, either,” said Jonathan Beatty, the founder of I Love Books. “If you’re a parent and you have to choose between your meal, rent, or whatever bill that you may need to pay and a book, you’d probably choose the former.”
To increase access to books for future generations, I Love Books hosts a book-giving activity quarterly, working with schools and non-profit organizations. In the first book-giving event, more than 300 children from William Wells Brown Elementary got their own copies of LeBron James’ I Promise, which was read at the school each morning. “Most of the books are well received by teachers and students,” the headmaster of the school told Nice News.
The organization also hosts a program called BAM, which combines books, art, and music. “What if we show how literacy gives you the ability to write songs or understand music lyrics better If you want to be an artist, you need to read more about art to create your own.” said Beatty. He believes the program will be attractive to more young people.
4. How does I Love Books get money for its donations
A. By selling children’s books.
B. By giving speeches in schools.
C. By making a sale of products.
D. By receiving people’s donations.
5. What can we infer from Jonathan Beatty’s words in paragraph 3
A. Most children show little interest in books.
B. Poor children have limited access to books.
C. Parents know little about their children’s preferences.
D. Schools pay much attention to their students’ education.
6. What did the school headmaster think of the book-giving activity
A. Satisfying. B. Surprising. C. Interesting. D. Challenging.
7. What is the purpose of the program BAM
A. To encourage musicians to write their own songs.
B. To develop kids’ ability to draw pictures.
C. To spread literacy among young people.
D. To provide help for poor artists.
C
Humans and horses have enjoyed strong working relationships for nearly 10,000 years. Can these age-old relationships teach us something about building robots Researchers at the University of Florida carried out research and said yes. “As we work to improve how humans communicate with robots, I thought why not learn from our partnership with horses to help solve the problem of natural interaction between humans and robots ” said Eakta Jain, an associate professor of computer and information science and engineering.
Looking at our history with animals to help shape our future with robots is nothing new. But Jain and her colleagues are the first to do on-the-ground field studies with horses.
Jain first reached out to Joel McQuagge, who managed the UF Horse Teaching Unit. He provided Jain with full access, so Jain spent months observing classes. She interviewed and observed horse experts, including horse trainers and owners. Jain’s notes resulted in findings and design ideas that can be applied by robot designers.
“Some of the findings are easy to visualize, while others are not very specific,” Jain said. “For example, we learned that a horse speaks with its body. You can see its ears pointing to where something caught its attention. We could build similar types of expressions without speech in our robots, like ears that point to something visual in the car when there’s a person walking on that side of the street.”
A groundbreaking finding is the sense of respect. When a trainer works with a horse, he looks for signs of respect from the horse for its human partner. “We don’t typically think about respect in the situation of human-robot interaction,” Jain says. “We can design behaviors similar to what the horse uses. Maybe that will make humans more willing to work with the robot.”
8. What is Jain’s basic idea for the research
A. Robots can have an influence on horse training. B. Humans can communicate with horses better.
C. Robots may bring more changes to humans. D. Human-horse relationships may help improve robots.
9How did Jain carry out her research
A. She interviewed engineers and robot designers.
B. She worked with horse experts for observations.
C. She discussed her design with robot and horse experts.
D. She checked historical records of human-horse partnerships.
10. What lesson can robot designers draw from Jain’s findings
A. Body language can be designed into robots.
B. Robots may better understand non-speech instructions.
C. Humans should learn to show respect for robots.
D. Robots can perform better than horses in locating things.
11. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. How Can We Get on Well with Robots B. Could Robots Replace Horses in the Future
C. Robots Make Efforts to Learn from Horses D. Learn from Horses, Build Better Robots
D
Mobile Bay in Alabama is home to a strange and unique occurrence. During the summer months, hundreds of fish and crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) from the deep waters of the bay move to the shallow waters. The free seafood is so plentiful and easy to catch with nets or bare hands that locals gather to fill their buckets with it. This natural phenomenon has existed for centuries.
Sarah Van Winkle, a student at the Alabama School of Math & Science, is no stranger to the scene. Growing up there, the rich plants and animals never stop to amaze her.
As the world’s oceans face numerous issues such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, she intended to figure out whether Mobile Bay was experiencing similar environmental threats in her most recent science project. Sarah studied the environment of Mobile Bay and she even extended the range of the research to the Mobile Tensaw-Delta, and the canals of a living district in Fairhope, Alabama. She analyzed key nutrient and metal levels in the ocean ecosystem.
Through the project, Sarah found that turbidity, an important indicator of water quality, increased sharply. This result showed, clearly that the area is filled with tiny pieces of matter, making the water there quite opaque.
For the project. Sarah was chosen as one of this year’s 24 Society for Science & the Public Community Innovation Award winners. “To me, this honor symbolizes that the ten months of late night readings, weekend field trips, and after-school sessions in the laboratory have truly come to fruition and impacted lives,” Sarah noted.
“Our local ocean ecosystem is in danger of chemical pollution from a variety of sources,” Sarah explained in an interview. “The bay plays a vital role in our community and every local should value what the bay offers. It’s our responsibility to work together to preserve it.”
12. What’s the unusual scene in Mobile Bay in summer months
A. The water’s becoming shallow and clear. B. The decline of the natural environment.
C. The flood of seafood into shallow waters. D. The locals’ growing interest in fishing with buckets.
13. What does the underlined word “opaque” mean in paragraph 4
AFresh. B. Cloudy. C. Clear. D. Shallow.
14. What can we learn from Sarah’s winning an award
A. Hard work pays off. B. Time waits for no man.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Failure is the mother of success.
15. What does Sarah mainly stress in the interview
A. The focus of her future work. B. Her concern for the local people.
C. The complexity of the local ocean system. D. Her expectation of protecting the bay.
答案：
山东省菏泽市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末教学质量检测英语试卷
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一所日制学校，介绍了学校课程的特点以及课程选择和实习考察的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“JanTerm is an intensive, three-week course of study allowing upper grade students to focus on a single topic in great depth and at a faster pace. (JanTerm是一个为期三周的密集学习课程，允许高年级学生以更快的速度深入关注单个主题)”可知，JanTerm的一个特点是以主题为中心的课程。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Each course participated in field trips as part of their curriculum, some within the Atlanta area and others throughout the United States and beyond. Altogether, students took more than 200 field trips to places like Florida’s coastal regions to study biodiversity, the Coca-Cola headquarters, and Broadway in New York City. Students met with famous leaders of Atlanta’s business and experts in a variety of fields. International JanTerm courses took students to countries like Czech Republic and Poland to learn about the Jewish experience from ancient times to present, and England to explore the country’s shifting landscapes.(每门课程都参加实地考察，作为课程的一部分，一些在亚特兰大地区，另一些在美国和其他地区。学生们总共进行了200多次实地考察，前往佛罗里达沿海地区研究生物多样性、可口可乐总部和纽约百老汇等地。学生们会见了亚特兰大著名的商界领袖和各个领域的专家。国际JanTerm课程将学生带到捷克共和国和波兰等国家，了解犹太人从古至今的经历，并将学生带到英国，探索该国不断变化的景观)”可知，实地考察为学生提供了学习资源。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Westminster is a day school in America for grades pre-first through 12, committed to creating an educational experience where bright, curious, motivated students can grow into leaders of responsibility.(威斯敏斯特是美国的一所日制学校，招收从一年级到12年级的学生，致力于创造一种教育体验，让聪明、好奇、上进的学生成长为负责任的领导者)”结合文章主要介绍了美国的一所日制学校，介绍了学校课程的特点以及课程选择和实习考察的情况。可推知，文章选自教育网站。故选D。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了把自己学到的经验传授给下一代，同时给孩子们带来良好影响，汤姆·康伦和内森·史密斯成立教练学校，每周提供免费课程。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They founded the Pro Level coaching school in 2021, offering free weekly classes at Keele University, in Staffordshire. To keep the academy run well, they then launched a charity to help children from all backgrounds and abilities get the most from the sport.(他们于2021年在斯塔福德郡的基尔大学创办了专业级别的教练学校，每周提供免费课程。为了保持学校的良好运作，他们发起了一个慈善机构，帮助不同背景和能力的孩子们从这项运动中获得最大的收获)”可知，汤姆·康伦和内森·史密斯成立教练学校是为了通过足球改变孩子。故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“which has been heavily criticised for putting too much pressure on youngsters before many of them are thrown away”可知，which指代上文the football system，即足球系统因在许多年轻人被抛弃之前给他们施加了太多压力而受到严厉批评，所以这个慈善机构成了足球系统问题的一个“解决方案”。故划线词意思是“解决方案”。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Although Nathan and Tom work with the abandoned players, trying to rebuild their confidence and love of the game, they stress that ability is not a criterion for attending the training.(虽然内森和汤姆与被遗弃的球员一起工作，试图重建他们的信心和对比赛的热爱，但他们强调能力不是参加训练的标准)”以及倒数第二段“I want to offer them the same experience that’s helped shape the person I am now. And we see the children that we are coaching overcome their shyness and lack of confidence. You can see them growing as young people, developing relationship, becoming better communicators and socializing with others(我想给他们提供同样的经历，帮助塑造了现在的我。我们看到我们所辅导的孩子克服了羞怯和缺乏自信。你可以看到他们成长为年轻人，发展人际关系，成为更好的沟通者和社交者)”可知，孩子们最需要生活技能。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Emily Cherry, director of the charity, said, “I’ve seen the boys coach and the difference it makes to the children. The kids benefit massively, and not just in terms of soccer skills.”(该慈善机构的负责人艾米丽·切里说：“我看到了男孩们的教练，这对孩子们产生了很大的影响。孩子们受益匪浅，而且不仅仅是在足球技能方面。”)”可知，艾米丽·切里认为教练学校影响很大。故选D。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能交通系统和物联网技术的应用，将世界推向智能交通的新阶段。中国科技公司在推动自动驾驶出租车商业化，百度的Apollo Go自动驾驶出租车目前运行较好，给乘客带来了良好的体验。同时，智能交通为城市中的司机带来便利，使得停车更加方便和高效。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In March, Beijing gave autonomous driving permits to tech giant Baidu and self-driving startup Pony.ai to run fully driverless robotaxis on open roads. In June, Baidu carried out its driverless ride-hailing (叫车) service in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Its Apollo Go robotaxis have been put into use across an area of 188 square kilometers in Shenzhen from 7 am to 10 pm daily. (今年3月，北京向科技巨头百度和自动驾驶初创公司小马智行颁发了自动驾驶许可证，允许它们在开放道路上运行完全无人驾驶的自动驾驶出租车。今年6月，百度在广东深圳推出了无人驾驶叫车服务。该公司的Apollo Go自动驾驶出租车已在深圳188平方公里的范围内投入使用，每天从早上7点运行到晚上10点)”可知，自动驾驶出租车开始在中国的一些城市运行。故选B项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Passengers can download apps like Apollo Go or Baidu Map to their smartphones, and tell the app where they are and where they want to go. Then, a car will appear. With sensors and cameras placed all over the car, a computer takes full control of the drive. A screen on the back seats shows how the robotaxi’s software looks at the space around the car to see other cars, humans, bikes, and anything else that might get in its way. (乘客可以将Apollo Go或百度地图等应用下载到他们的智能手机上，并告诉应用他们在哪里，他们想去哪里。然后，一辆汽车出现了。由于传感器和摄像头遍布汽车各处，计算机完全控制驾驶。后座上的屏幕显示了自动驾驶出租车的软件如何观察汽车周围的空间，以发现其他汽车、人类、自行车和任何可能妨碍它的东西)”可知，本段主要介绍了自动驾驶出租车的工作方式，包括乘客下载相关应用，提供出行的起点和终点信息，以及由计算机完全控制驾驶，观察行驶中的周边环境。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“As of the first quarter of 2023, the user satisfaction rating for the Apollo Go app has reached 4.9 out of 5, with the latest data showing that 97.12 percent of the reviews are five-star ratings. (截至2023年第一季度，Apollo Go应用程序的用户满意度评分达到4.9分，满分为5分，最新数据显示，97.12%的评价是五星级)”可知，此处的数字与用户对Apollo Go的使用体验相关，体验评分很高，五星级评价的占比也很高。由此可知，提到这些数字是为了显示用户的满意度。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“With the emergence (出现) of intelligent transportation systems and the internet of things, the world is entering the next stage of movement — smart transportation. (随着智能交通系统和物联网的出现，世界正在进入下一个移动阶段——智能交通)”和最后一段“All in all, smart transportation uses new technologies to make moving around a city easier and safer. (总而言之，智能交通使用新技术使城市中的交通更容易、更安全)”可知，文章主要围绕智能交通的新发展展开，介绍了中国科技公司在推动自动驾驶出租车商业化，百度的Apollo Go自动驾驶出租车目前运行较好，给乘客带来了良好的体验，智能交通还为城市中的司机带来便利，使得停车更加方便和高效。由此可知，文章主要是侧重智能交通给人们生活带来的好处，B项“智能交通：更美好的生活”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一些人担心，人工智能工具正在把语言学习变成一种弱化的追求，文章对这种现象进行了介绍。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Some are concerned that AI tools are turning language learning into a weakening pursuit.(一些人担心，人工智能工具正在把语言学习变成一种弱化的追求。)”和第二段前三句“Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of on-going contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their brains.(其他人则不那么担心。大多数人没有搬到国外，也没有持续接触外国文化（这需要他们投入工作来变得流利）。大多数人学习语言也不是为了使自己人性化或训练他们的大脑。)”可知，前两段主要是讲人工智能工具削弱了语言学习的需求。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Douglas Hofstadter, an expert in many languages, has argued that something profound (深刻的) will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a broken, difficult speech in Chinese, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of satisfaction at the end.(多语言专家道格拉斯·霍夫施塔特认为，当人们通过机器交谈时，一些深奥的东西将会消失。他描述了用中文做一次断断续续的、困难的演讲，这需要大量的工作，但最后会有一种满足感。)”可知，道格拉斯对语言学习持支持态度。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance (耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.”(另一些人会带着钦佩和困惑看待学习一门新语言，就像他们看待极限耐力运动一样：“如果你喜欢的话，对你有好处，但对我来说有点痛苦。”)”可知，第四段中的第二组缺乏学习语言的动力。故选D。
15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句到最后一句“It is a bit like analysing the benefits of close relationships to heart-health but overlooking the inherent (固有的) value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or ruin a joke in broken German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put delicate differences on an argument, that connection is more profound still. The best relationships do not require a medium.(这有点像分析亲密关系对心脏健康的好处，但忽视了这些关系本身的内在价值。当你试图用蹩脚的日语问路或用蹩脚的德语讲笑话时，你是在与某人直接接触。当你的语言说得足够好，能够在完美的时机讲故事，或者在争论中提出微妙的分歧时，这种联系就会更加深刻。最好的关系不需要媒介。)”可知，作者在最后一段中通过举例来强调自己的观点。故选A。
山东省日照市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，介绍了五月份上映的四部最值得一看的新片。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hypnotic下第一段“Ben Affleck stars as a police detective who is disturbed by the disappearance of his daughter.(本·阿弗莱克饰演一名因女儿失踪而烦恼的警探。)”可知，《催眠》里的警探的女儿失踪了。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Little Mermaid下第一段“But this one is more distinctive than most, because a black actress, Halle Bailey, is playing the title character, who was white in the 1989 cartoon.(但这部电影比大多数电影都更与众不同，因为扮演主角的是黑人女演员哈利·贝利，而在1989年的卡通片中，主角是白人。)”可知，《小美人鱼》的特别之处是女主是黑人女演员。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Eight Mountains下第二段“Released on 5 May in Japan, 12 May in the UK and Ireland, and 19 May in Spain and Finland(该片将于5月5日在日本上映，5月12日在英国和爱尔兰上映，5月19日在西班牙和芬兰上映)”可知，《八座山》会在5月12日在英国上映。故选C。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位南非妇女Gail Johnson为患有艾滋病的孩子提供庇护所和关爱的故事。她的善举得到了媒体的关注，并引发了社会对艾滋病人的关注和支持。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A visit to a friend’s brother, who was in the terminal (晚期的) stage of AIDS, made her determined to do something. By October, she had raised enough money to set up the Guest House, and took in a dozen dying of AIDS.(去看望一位朋友的兄弟，他已经到了艾滋病晚期，这使她下定决心要做点什么。到10月，她已经筹集了足够的资金，建立了Guest House，并收留了十几