11 高考语法填空抢分热点之介词
一、考点精讲
1. 常用介词。例如：before“在......之前”；as“作为”；beyond“超过，在......之上”；with“和......在一起，随着”；by“通过，被，由”。
2. 介词后跟名词、代词宾格、动名词或宾语从句作宾语。例如：On hearing the bad news，he couldn’t help crying.（听到这个坏消息，他忍不住哭了。）；He makes his living by tell stories.（他以讲故事为生。）
3. 短语介词、介词短语和介词的固定搭配。例如：along with“连同......一起”； by chance“偶然，意外地”；a visit to“对......的访问”；contact with“与......取得联系”；depend on“依赖，依靠”。
二、高考题经典解读
1. （2023年新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ___60___ hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】
考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
2. A lot of skills are needed _____ the job.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：这项工作需要很多技能。此处用for表示目的，意为“为了”。故答案为for。
Giant pandas also serve _____9___ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 考查动词短语。句意：大熊猫也是保护伞物种，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来了保护。动词短语：serve as“充当，担任”，其中as是介词，意为“作为”。故答案为as。
3. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dogs ,seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：一开始迎接我们的是一群狗，确切地说是七只。固定搭配：a pack of“一包，一群”。故答案为of。
4. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first...
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：但我与熊猫的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一个电视节目上的日子，当时我是第一个……固定搭配：go back to“追溯到”。故答案为to。
5. The mother continued to care for the young panda __________ more than two years.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：熊猫妈妈继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多了。“for+一段时间”在句中作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。故答案为for。
6. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；__________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【答案】at
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：当新的一天破晓时，墙壁释放了热量，现在足够冷，可以在炎热的白天给房子降温;与此同时，它们又为晚上暖起来。固定短语：at the same time“同时，然而”。故答案为at。
三、实战演练
1. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deepcraters(环形山), more so _______ the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：科学家们对月球背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深陨石坑，比我们熟悉的近地面更多。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，比较级的标志性词是than“比”。故答案为than。
2. This aging of the population is driven _______ two factors.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by，它是被动语态的标志性词。故答案为by。
3. Museums must compete _______ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s spare time and money，设空处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete for。故答案为for。
4. Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______ ,through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子可知，“they lived _____”是前面名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故答案为in。
5. Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：竹植物让人联想到健康、富足和幸福的家庭。固定搭配：be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”。故答案为with。
6. ________ summary, I think the movie is moving,interesting, and worth spending time on.
【答案】In
【解析】考查介词。句意：总之，我认为这部电影很感人，很有趣，值得花时间看。固定搭配：in summary“总之，概括起来”。位于句首，第一个字母要大写。故答案为In。
7. As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom ofeating rice dumplings are unique ________ us Chinese.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：众所周知，端午节和吃粽子的习俗是我们中国人所独有的。固定搭配：be unique to“对......是特别的，独一无二的”。故答案为to。
8. So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy,but it is far ________ satisfactory.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来建立低 碳经济，但还远远不能令人满意。固定搭配：be far from“远不是，距......很远”。故答案为from。
9. Our product is popular abroad.There is practically noother product superior ________ ours in quality.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们的产品在国外很畅销。在质量上，几乎没有别的产品能比我们的好。固定搭配：be superior to“优越于，不屈服于”。故答案为to。
10. The key ________ successful small talk is learning how toconnect with others, not just communicate with them.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人交流，而不仅仅是与他们交流。固定搭配：the key to...“关键是”。故答案为to。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
（一）
Some people are great at remembering faces.While，for some people，remembering a face can be difficult.Even for others，remembering a face may be impossible.Such people have a condition ___1___（call） "face blindness".Its actual name is Developmental Prosopagnosia，or DP ___2___ short.
Experts say DP can differ ___3___（great） from patient to patient.In less severe cases，people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met.In severe cases，people cannot even recognize ___4___（they） own children in a group photo.
Those，___5___ have DP，show no clear signs.Take Dacia for example.If you met her，you probably wouldn't know that she suffered brain damage as a child.There would be no sign of it until you meet her ___6___ second time.She wouldn't remember you at all.Dacia has mostly recovered from her ___7___（injure）.But now，she suffers from face blindness.
Once face blindness ___8___（think） to be very rare.But recent ___9___（study） have shown that it might be more common than experts thought.The study on face blindness will not directly lead to any treatments.However，it could lead to a much ___10___（deep） understanding of how we all remember the world around us.
【答案】
1. called 2. for 3. greatly 4. their 5. who
6. a 7. injury 8. was thought 9. studies 10. deeper
【解析】
1. called 考查过去分词。句意：这些人患有"脸盲症"。句中have是谓语动词，所给动词call应该是非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语condition之间为被动关系，此处是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为called。
2.for 考查固定搭配。句意：它的真名是发展性人面失认症，简称DP。固定搭配：for short，意为“简称，缩写”。故答案为for。
3.greatly 考查副词。句意：专家说，DP因人而异。空前differ是动词，修饰动词用副词，所给词great是形容词，其副词是greatly。故答案为greatly。
4.their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在严重的情况下，人们甚至不能在合影中认出自己的孩子。空后children是名词，放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。故答案为their。
5.who 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：而那些患有DP的人则没有明显的症状。分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词 Those指人，在从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故答案为who。
6.a 考查固定搭配。句意：你再次见到她之前，不会有任何迹象。固定短语：a second time意为 “再一次”，序数词前用不定冠词意为“又一次，再一次”，不强调顺序，second为辅音音素开头，所以用a。故答案为a。
7.injury 考查名词。句意：Dacia的伤势已经基本恢复，但现在她患有脸盲症了。作宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词her，可知设空处应填名词，所给词injure是动词，其名词是injury。故答案为injury。
8.was thought 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：脸盲症曾经被认为是非常罕见的。主语 “face blindness”与think之间为被动关系，根据once可知，这里在描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为不可数名词，被动语态中的be动词用was。故答案为was thought。
9.studies 考查名词复数。句意：但最近的研究表明，它可能比专家们认为的更常见。根据动词have可知，主语应为可数名词复数，study在这里是可数名词，其复数是studies。故答案为studies。
10.deeper 考查比较级。句意：然而，它可以让我们更深入地了解我们是如何记住周围的世界的。However说明与上文构成转折，含有比较含义，表示比之前更深刻，且much放在比较级前面，修饰比较级加强语气，所以设空处用deep的比较级deeper。故答案为deeper。
（二）
Beijing Daxing International Airport，which catches the world's attention has already been put into operation．It ___1___（shape）like a phoenix（凤凰）and it has four main runways at the new airport-three vertical and one horizontal，___2___ helps shorten flight times and reduce delays．It is the first time that our architects___3___（adopt）such particular pattern in airport construction history．___4___ expressways ，intercity rails and high-speed rails，passengers can reach Tianjin，Baoding Tangshan in one hour．This has brought much ___5___（convenient）to passengers．
China Eastern Airline Flight MU535 marked ___6___beginning of the China's new transport hub（枢纽）．China Eastern Airline is one of the 15 companies currently ___7___（operate）at the new airport．The airport will operate 116 routes ___8___（global） around the end of this year．
The airport is working with customs to make security checks___9___（easy）and more efficient．Passengers on international flights don't need to have their carry-on luggage ___10___（check）again after they go through the security gate．
【答案】
1.is shaped 2.which 3.have adopted 4.Through 5.convenience
6. the 7.operating 8.globally 9.easier 10.checked
【解析】
1.is shaped 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：它的形状像凤凰，新机场有四条主要跑道——三条垂直，一条水平，这有助于缩短飞行时间，减少延误。句子主语it和谓语动词shape之间是被动关系，且这里在描述一个客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，句子主语为单数第三人称it。故答案为is shaped。
2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意。：它的形状像凤凰，新机场有四条主要跑道——三条垂直，一条水平，这有助于缩短飞行时间，减少延误。逗号前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以只能由which引导。故答案为which。
3.have adopted 考查动词时态。句意：这是我国建筑师在机场建设史上第一次采用这种特殊的模式。固定句型：It is the first（second...） time that...，表示“某人第几次做某事”，从句用现在完成时态；如果前面的is改成was，则从句中用过去完成时。该句中主句的谓语动词是is，从句主语是名词复数architects。故答案为have adopted。
4.Through 考查介词。句意为：通过高速公路、城际铁路和高铁，旅客可在一小时内到达天津、保定、唐山，给旅客带来了极大的便利。表示方式，意思是“通过”，所以用介词through。故答案为Through。
5.convenience 考查名词的数．句意：通过高速公路、城际铁路和高铁，旅客可在一小时内到达天津、保定、唐山，给旅客带来了极大的便利。谓语动词has brought后面用名词作宾语，空前面有much，所以用不可数名词，convenient的名词是convenience。故答案为convenience。
6.the 考查冠词。句意：中国东方航空公司MU535航班标志着中国新交通枢纽的开始。后面有of短语作定语，此处表示“特指”，所以用定冠词the。故答案为the。
7.operating 考查过去分词。句意：中国东方航空公司是目前在新机场运营的15家公司之一。operate和它所修饰的词companies之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故答案为operating。
8.globally 考查副词。句意：该机场将在今年年底前后在全球运营116条航线。空前operate是动词，由副词修饰，所给词global是形容词，其副词是globally。故答案为globally。
9.easier 考查比较级。句意：机场正与海关合作，使安检更容易、更有效。设空处和more efficient并列作宾补，所以用比较级，easy的比较级是easier。故填easier．
10.checked 考查过去分词。句意：国际航班上的乘客在通过安检门后，不需要再次检查随身行李。固定结构：have sth. done，意为“使某事被做”；空前luggage 和check之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词作宾语补足语。故答案为checked。
（三）
At a very young age, Oindrila Basu had no idea of ___1___ to live with nature. She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun, like other kids. Once her mother caught her and got angry, and then the girl realized she ____2___（do） something terribly wrong.
This is just a way that Basu's parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of nature. ____3___（live） in the countryside, she spent her youth studying ants before the rain, watching sunbirds drink honey, counting fireflies and watching young plants grow. Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city ____4___ better educational chances, and then she stopped having first-hand experiences with nature.
Later, as she struggled ____5____ (choose) a college major, her mother suggested a career in forestry (林业).That's when her journey began, and she fell in love with forestry. Away from the crowded cities,, she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University, India. When she went on to study a ____6___（master）degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India, she finally got introduced to a like-minded group of people, devoting to the International Forestry Students' Association (IFSA).
IFSA is a ____7___ (globe) organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities. The youth joining IFSA are ____8____(encourage) to undertake its task ― to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.
After 6 months of exciting international conferences and workshops, Basu, then 25, found her home ― a family that loved forests ___9___ much as she did. She felt more active, so her passion had a direction. Now she wanted to do more.
As a key member of IFSA, Basu recalled the experience of joining, “ _____10___ （deliberate）or by accident, we chose forestry, or rather, forestry chose us.”
【答案】
1. how 2. had done 3. Living 4. for 5. to choose
6.master’s 7. global 8. encouraged 9. as 10. deliberately
【解析】
1. how 考查特殊疑问词。句意：在很小的时候，奥因德里拉·巴苏不知道如何与自然相处。此处表示“如何”，应用“how+不定式”作宾语。故答案为how。
2. had done 考查动词时态。句意：有一次她妈妈抓住了她，很生气，然后女孩意识到她做了一件非常糟糕的事情。句子谓语是一般过去时realized，此处指发生在realized之前的事情，所以用过去完成时态。故答案为had done。
3. Living 考查现在分词。句意：她住在农村，年轻时研究雨前的蚂蚁，观察太阳鸟喝蜂蜜，数萤火虫，观察幼苗生长。spent是谓语动词，所给动词live应是非谓语动词，且句子主语和live之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故答案为Living。
4. for 考查介词。句意：后来，她的父母决定搬到附近的城市，以获得更好的教育机会，然后她就没有了与自然的第一手体验。设空处表示目的，意为“为了”，所以用介词for。故答案为for。
5. to choose 考查动词不定式。句意：后来，当她努力选择大学专业时，她的母亲建议她从事林业工作。固定搭配：struggle to do sth.“尽力做某事”，其中不定式作宾语。故答案为to choose。
6.master’s 考查名词所有格。句意：当她继续在印度森林研究所攻读林业硕士学位时，她终于被介绍给了一群志趣相投的人，他们致力于国际林业学生协会(IFSA)。固定搭配：a master’s degree“硕士学位”，此处用master的名词所有格master’s。故答案为master’s。
7.global 考查形容词。句意：国际林业协会是一个帮助学生交流知识和参与林业活动的全球性组织。空后organization是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词globe是名词，其形容词是global，作定语修饰名词。故答案为global。
8.encouraged 考查固定搭配。句意：我们鼓励加入IFSA的青年承担其任务——通过活动和交流丰富森林教育，传播对自然的热爱。固定搭配：encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”；be encouraged to do sth.意为“被鼓励做某事”。故答案为encouraged。
9.as 考查固定搭配．句意：经过6个月令人兴奋的国际会议和研讨会，25岁的巴苏找到了自己的家——一个和她一样热爱森林的家庭。固定搭配：as much as“和…一样多”。故答案为as。
10.deliberately 考查副词。句意：作为IFSA的重要成员，巴苏回忆起加入IFSA的经历，“无论是有意还是无意，我们选择了林业，或者说，林业选择了我们。”和by accident并列做状语，修饰后面整个句子，所以用副词，deliberate是形容词，其副词是deliberately。故答案为deliberately。11 高考语法填空抢分热点之介词
一、考点精讲
1. 常用介词。例如：before“在......之前”；as“作为”；beyond“超过，在......之上”；with“和......在一起，随着”；by“通过，被，由”。
2. 介词后跟名词、代词宾格、动名词或宾语从句作宾语。例如：On hearing the bad news，he couldn’t help crying.（听到这个坏消息，他忍不住哭了。）；He makes his living by tell stories.（他以讲故事为生。）
3. 短语介词、介词短语和介词的固定搭配。例如：along with“连同......一起”； by chance“偶然，意外地”；a visit to“对......的访问”；contact with“与......取得联系”；depend on“依赖，依靠”。
二、高考题经典解读
1. （2023年新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ___60___ hand rather than rolled.
2. A lot of skills are needed _____ the job.
3. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dogs ,seven to be exact.
4. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first...
5. The mother continued to care for the young panda __________ more than two years.
6. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；__________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
三、实战演练
1. The far side ofthe moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deepcraters(环形山), more so _______ the familiar near side.
2. Thisaging of the population is driven _______ two factors.
3. Museums must compete _______ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
4. Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______ ,through agriculture.
5. Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
6. ________ summary, I think the movie is moving,interesting, and worth spending time on.
7. As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom ofeating rice dumplings are unique ________ us Chinese.
8. So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy,but it is far ________ satisfactory.
9. Our product is popular abroad.There is practically no other product superior ________ ours in quality.
10. The key ________ successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
（一）
Some people are great at remembering faces.While，for some people，remembering a face can be difficult.Even for others，remembering a face may be impossible.Such people have a condition ___1___（call） "face blindness".Its actual name is Developmental Prosopagnosia，or DP ___2___ short.
Experts say DP can differ ___3___（great） from patient to patient.In less severe cases，people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met.In severe cases，people cannot even recognize ___4___（they） own children in a group photo.
Those，___5___ have DP，show no clear signs.Take Dacia for example.If you met her，you probably wouldn't know that she suffered brain damage as a child.There would be no sign of it until you meet her ___6___ second time.She wouldn't remember you at all.Dacia has mostly recovered from her ___7___（injure）.But now，she suffers from face blindness.
Once face blindness ___8___（think） to be very rare.But recent ___9___（study） have shown that it might be more common than experts thought.The study on face blindness will not directly lead to any treatments.However，it could lead to a much ___10___（deep） understanding of how we all remember the world around us.
（二）
Beijing Daxing International Airport，which catches the world's attention has already been put into operation．It ___1___（shape）like a phoenix（凤凰）and it has four main runways at the new airport-three vertical and one horizontal，___2___ helps shorten flight times and reduce delays．It is the first time that our architects___3___（adopt）such particular pattern in airport construction history．___4___ expressways ，intercity rails and high-speed rails，passengers can reach Tianjin，Baoding Tangshan in one hour．This has brought much ___5___（convenient）to passengers．
China Eastern Airline Flight MU535 marked ___6___beginning of the China's new transport hub（枢纽）．China Eastern Airline is one of the 15 companies currently ___7___（operate）at the new airport．The airport will operate 116 routes ___8___（global） around the end of this year．
The airport is working with customs to make security checks___9___（easy）and more efficient．Passengers on international flights don't need to have their carry-on luggage ___10___（check）again after they go through the security gate．
（三）
At a very young age, Oindrila Basu had no idea of ___1___ to live with nature. She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun, like other kids. Once her mother caught her and got angry, and then the girl realized she ____2___（do） something terribly wrong.
This is just a way that Basu's parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of nature. ____3___（live） in the countryside, she spent her youth studying ants before the rain, watching sunbirds drink honey, counting fireflies and watching young plants grow. Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city ____4___ better educational chances, and then she stopped having first-hand experiences with nature.
Later, as she struggled ____5____ (choose) a college major, her mother suggested a career in forestry (林业).That's when her journey began, and she fell in love with forestry. Away from the crowded cities,, she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University, India. When she went on to study a ____6___（master）degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India, she finally got introduced to a like-minded group of people, devoting to the International Forestry Students' Association (IFSA).
IFSA is a ____7___ (globe) organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities. The youth joining IFSA are ____8____(encourage) to undertake its task ― to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.
After 6 months of exciting international conferences and workshops, Basu, then 25, found her home ― a family that loved forests ___9___ much as she did. She felt more active, so her passion had a direction. Now she wanted to do more.
As a key member of IFSA, Basu recalled the experience of joining, “ _____10___ （deliberate）or by accident, we chose forestry, or rather, forestry chose us.”
