2023-2024届高考英语复习:12 高考语法填空抢分热点之名词性从句学案(含解析)

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名称 2023-2024届高考英语复习:12 高考语法填空抢分热点之名词性从句学案(含解析)
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12 高考语法填空抢分热点之名词性从句
一、考点精讲
名词性从句的引导词:
1. that 无词义,只起引导作用,可以省略,但两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句并列时,从第二个开始that不能省略。
2. what引导名词性从句,既起引导作用,又在从句中作一个成分,起双重作用,不能省略。
3. 连词whether“是否”,可以引导主语从句、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句以及同位语从句,而if“是否”只能引导动词后面的宾语从句。
4. 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when、where、how、why,在判断名词性从句引导词的使用时,如果句子缺成分,缺什么,补什么。
二、高考题经典解读
1.(2023年新高考II卷)This is __62___ they need an English trainer.
【答案】why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
2.______(56) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这段经历最让人激动的是那些脱离世界的场景。设空处无提示词,应考虑填冠词、介词、连接词,又因为空格在句首,后面是谓语动词is,这里应该填一个连接词,引导主语从句,从句缺少引导词和主语,且指物,所以连接代词What符合语境,其双重作用。位于句首,首字母用大写。故答为What。
3.While they are rare north of 88℃,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:虽然它们在88℃以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们一直分布在北极,南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。该句是含让步状语从句的复合句,主句部分是there be句型,设空处填that,引导同位语从句,说明evidence的具体内容。故答案为that。
4.Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:研究表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知,空格后的句子意思完整,不缺少任何成分,所以用that引导同位语从句,用于解释说明signal的具体内容。故答案为that。
5.It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do.
【答案】what; what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:干你喜欢的事是没有用的;你得喜欢你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语,表示“……的事情”,第一空填what;第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事情”,第二空也用what。故答案为what; what。
三、实战演练
1.It is our responsibility, so ________ I don't want now is to push it to the students.
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这是我们的责任,所以我现在不想把它强加给学生。设空处引导主语从句,因为引导词在从句中作want的宾语,表示“……的事情”,所以用what引导该从句。注意:that引导主语从句时不充当句子成分。故答案为what。
2.If you take a look around your kitchen or office, chances are ___1___ you’ll notice that you are surrounded by plastic water bottles,take-out cups, plastic grocery bags and food packages.
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:如果你看看你的厨房或办公室,很有可能你会注意到你周围都是塑料水瓶、外卖杯、塑料购物袋和食品包装袋。固定句型:chances are that…,意为“很可能”,其中that引导表语从句。故答案为that。
3.Well-made, long-lasting clothing is_____1_____ we should buy and wear.
【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:我们应该购买和穿质量好,耐穿的衣物。分析句子可知,be动词后面是表语从句,从句中的buy 和wear缺少宾语,设空处所填引导词要起双重作用,所以用连接代词what。故答案为what。
4.What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去“哪所大学”,表示地点,作状语。故答案为where。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
(一)
We always think it's OK for us to leave our plants unattended during our vacation, but a recent study has led to a new ____1___ (discover). Some scientists tested tobacco plants and tomato plants by cutting off their stems(茎) and ____2____ (stop)watering them. They then recorded their response with a microphone _____3___ (place)ten centimeters away. They found that the plants began to scream ultrasonic(超声波) sounds, which they believed could convey their suffering ____4____ other plants. When the stem of a tomato plant was cut; the scientists found that ____5___ screamed 25 ultrasonic sounds of suffering within an hour. The tobacco plant that had its stem cut ____6___(send)out 15. The plants also seemed to respond to different _____7____ (stress)with the different intensities(强度) of sound. The scientists observed that the tobacco plants let out _____8___(loud)sound when they were not watered than when they had their stems cut. The study answers the question ____9___ plants can feel pain or not. It can change the way that we think about the plant kingdom, which has been ____10____ (natural)considered to be almost silent.
【答案】
1.discovery 2.stopping 3.placed 4.to 5.it
6.sent 7.stresses 8.louder 9.whether 10.naturally
【解析】
1.discovery 考查名词。句意:我们总是认为在度假期间让我们的植物无人照看是可以的,但最近的一项研究有了一个新发现。句中lead to“引起,导致”,其中to为介词,其后用名词作to的宾语,discover是动词,其名词是discovery。故答案为discovery。
2.stopping 考查动名词。句意:一些科学家通过切断烟草植物和番茄植物的茎并停止浇水来测试它们。介词by后跟动名词作宾语,cutting 和stop由并列连词and连接,所以设空处用stop的动名词stopping。故答案为stopping。
3.placed 考查非谓语动词。句意:然后,他们用放置在10厘米外的麦克风记录下他们的反应。with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语;空前a microphone和动词place“放置”之间是被动关系,是过去分词作宾语补足语。故答案为placed。
4.to 考查介词。句意:他们发现植物开始发出超声波,他们认为这可以将它们的痛苦传递给其他植物。固定搭配:convey...to...,意为“把......传递给......”。故答案为to。
5.it 考查it的用法。句意:当一棵番茄的茎被切断时,科学家们发现它在一小时内发出了25声痛苦的超声波。此处指同类同物,用it指代the stem of a tomato plant。故答案为it。
6.sent 考查一般过去时。句意:茎被切掉的烟草植株发出了15个。The tobacco plant是先行词,后面是that引导的定语从句,所以send是谓语动词,这里在描述过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时,send的过去式是sent。故答案为sent。7.stresses 考查名词复数。句意:这些植物似乎对不同强度的声音的不同压力也有反应。根据空前的different可知,后面用名词复数,所给词stress是名词,意为“压力”,其复数是stresses。故答案为stresses。
8.louder 考查比较级。句意:科学家们观察到,烟草植物在不浇水时发出的声音比茎被切断时更大。根据后面的than可知,此处用形容词比较级。故答案为louder。
9.whether 考查连词。句意:这项研究回答了植物是否能感觉到疼痛的问题。固定搭配:whether...or not“是......或者不是”,此处连词whether引导同位语从句。故答案为whether。
10.naturally 考查副词。句意:它可以改变我们对植物王国的看法,植物王国一直被自然地认为几乎是沉默的。空后considered是过去分词,由副词修饰,natural是形容词,其副词是naturally。故答案为naturally。
(二)
The five interlocked Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point. But do you know what they mean and the story behind their ____1____ (create)
The 1912 Olympic Games, held in Sweden, were the first to include athletes from ____2____ were then considered the five continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America._____3____ (inspire) by what had become a _____4____ (true) global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings. Since 1920, the Olympic rings ____5_____ (use) in every summer and winter Games.
Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic _____6____ (meaning), it seems like it’d be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand ______7____ something specific, like a continent._____8_____ in reality, that's not the case at all. Coubertin _____9_____(choose) the six official Olympic colors—blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background) —because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations ______10_____ (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol. Or, in his own words: “The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception.”
【答案】
1. creation 2. what 3. Inspired 4. truly 5. have been used
6.meanings 7. for 8. But 9. chose 10. participating
【解析】
1. creation 考查名词。句意:但你知道它们的含义和它们诞生背后的故事吗?空前their是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,所给词create是动词,其名词是creation,是不可数名词。故答案为creation。
2.what 考查宾语从句。句意:1912年在瑞典举行的奥运会,是第一次有来自当时被认为是五大洲:非洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和美洲的运动员参加的奥运会。空前是介词from,设空处所填词引导宾语从句,从句中缺少引导词和主语,所填词起双重作用,且指物。故答案为what。
3.Inspired 考查过去分词。句意:受这一真正的全球盛会的启发,顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志:奥林匹克五环。分析句子结构,句中had become是谓语动词,可知inspire在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语Coubertin 构成被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故答案为Inspired。
4.truly 考查副词。句意:受这一真正的全球盛会的启发,顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志:奥林匹克五环。空后global是形容词,由副词修饰,所给词true是形容词,其副词是truly。故答案为truly。
5.have been used 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:从1920年开始,奥林匹克五环开始在每年的夏季和冬季奥运会上使用。句子主语the Olympic rings与谓语动词use构成被动关系,再根据上文Since 1920可知,设空处现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为the Olympic rings,复数形式,所以助动词用have。故答案为have been used。
6.meanings 考查名词复数。句意:鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解,似乎可以有把握地假设,奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西,比如一块大陆。meaning是可数名词,意为“含义”,由many修饰应用复数形式。故答案为meanings。
7.for 考查介词。句意:鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解,似乎可以有把握地假设,奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西,比如一块大陆。此处表达颜色“代表”东西,stand for意为“代表,象征”。故答案为for。
8.But 考查并列连词。句意:但在现实中,情况并非如此。结合上下文语境可知,此处为转折关系,应用表转折的连词but,且句首单词首字母要大写。故答案为But。
9.chose 考查动词时态。句意:顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白(作为背景颜色),因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时,每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。根据下文when he introduced the symbol in 1913可知,这里在描述过去发生的事情,所以句子用一般过去时,所给动词choose的过去式是chose。故填chose。
10.participating 考查非谓语动词。句意:顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白(作为背景颜色),因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时,每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。分析句子结构可知,could be reproduced 是句子的谓语动词,很明显participate应用非谓语动词形式,且participate与逻辑主语nations是主动关系,所以这里用用现在分词作后置定语。故答案为participating。
(三)
China’s Huangshan mountain is famous for its scenery and rolling clouds, which attract over 3 million people each year. Among the area’s most visited sites ____1___(be)the Greeting Pine.
____2___ the early 1980s, a single person has been responsible for monitoring the Greeting Pine, ___3___ this protector works around the clock, rain or shine.
Hu Xiaochun, a former soldier, ____4___(select)to guard the pine in 2011. He spends his day monitoring the tree. He records everything in a journal, and there are journals____5____(date)back to the first pine guard.
The Greeting Pine is ____6____popular selfie spot ,and with millions of visitors, there are many potential people getting too close. A security system informs Hu____7____(immediate)whenever someone crosses a barrier.
That same security system helps Hu monitor the tree at night. Once the moon rises, squirrels and ___8___(monkey)arrive to search for food. If he gets an alarm, Hu leaves his home——a small hut near the tree—____9___(scare)them off.
Hu says the tree has taught him many things. “It teaches me to be tough. No matter how bad the weather is, nothing brings it down. The tree, which opens___10___(it)arms to welcome people,also symbolizes friendship.”
【答案】
1. is 2. Since 3. and 4. was selected 5. dating
6. a 7. immediately 8. monkeys 9. to scare 10. its
【解析】
1. is 考查一般现在时。句意:该地区最受欢迎的景点之一是迎客松。该句在描述一个客观事实,句子用一般现在时;这是一个完全倒装句,表示方位的地点状语Among the area’s most visited sites位于句子开头,句子用完全倒装,the Greeting Pine是句子主语,单数形式,谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故答案为is。
2. Since 考查介词。句意:从20世纪80年代初开始,就有一个人负责监控迎风松,这个保护者不分昼夜地工作,风雨无阻。根据句子时态 has been可知,设空处应该用介词since,since后跟过去的时间,句子用现在完成时,且句子开头首字母用大写。故答案为Since。
3. and 考查并列连词。句意:从20世纪80年代初开始,就有一个人负责监控迎风松,这个保护者不分昼夜地工作,风雨无阻。故答案为and。设空处填并列连词and,连接两个表并列的简单句。故答案为and。
4. was selected 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意:胡小春是一名退伍军人,2011年被选中守卫这棵松树。Hu Xiaochun是句子主语,单数第三人称,和谓语动词select之间构成被动关系,再根据时间状语in 2011可知,设空处用一般过去时的被动语态,被动语态中的be动词用was。故答案为was selected。
5. dating 考查非谓语动词。句意:他把一切都记录在日记里,有些日记可以追溯到第一位松树守卫。该句是there be句型,有谓语动词,设空处应该用非谓语动词,date back to意为“追溯到”,且和journals之间是主动关系,是现在分词作后置定语。故答案为dating。
6. a 考查不定冠词。句意: 迎宾松是一个很受欢迎的自拍地点,有数百万游客,很多潜在的人靠得太近。句中 spot是名词,意为“地点,场所”,此处意为“一个”自拍地点,表示“泛指”,且popular是以辅音音素开头的词,前面用不定冠词a。故答案为a。
7. immediately 考查副词。句意:只要有人越过障碍物,安全系统就会立即通知胡。informs是谓语动词,由副词修饰,所给词immediate是形容词,其副词是immediately。故答案为immediately。
8. monkeys 考查名词复数。句意:一旦月亮升起,松鼠和猴子就会来寻找食物。分析句子结构squirrels and ___8___(monkey)可知,设空处用名词复数与and前的squirrels 并列,所给词monkey的复数是monkeys。故答案为monkeys。
9. to scare 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果他接到警报,他就会离开他的家——树附近的一个小木屋——把它们吓跑。句中leaves是谓语动词,所给动词scare是非谓语动词,是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to scare。
10. its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这棵张开双臂欢迎人们的树也象征着友谊。句中arms 是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,it的形容词性物主代词是its。故答案为its。12 高考语法填空抢分热点之名词性从句
一、考点精讲
名词性从句的引导词:
1. that 无词义,只起引导作用,可以省略,但两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句并列时,从第二个开始that不能省略。
2. what引导名词性从句,既起引导作用,又在从句中作一个成分,起双重作用,不能省略。
3. 连词whether“是否”,可以引导主语从句、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句以及同位语从句,而if“是否”只能引导动词后面的宾语从句。
4. 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when、where、how、why,在判断名词性从句引导词的使用时,如果句子缺成分,缺什么,补什么。
二、高考题经典解读
1.(2023年新高考II卷)This is __62___ they need an English trainer.
【答案】why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
2.______(56) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这段经历最让人激动的是那些脱离世界的场景。设空处无提示词,应考虑填冠词、介词、连接词,又因为空格在句首,后面是谓语动词is,这里应该填一个连接词,引导主语从句,从句缺少引导词和主语,且指物,所以连接代词What符合语境,其双重作用。位于句首,首字母用大写。故答为What。
3.While they are rare north of 88℃,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:虽然它们在88℃以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们一直分布在北极,南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。该句是含让步状语从句的复合句,主句部分是there be句型,设空处填that,引导同位语从句,说明evidence的具体内容。故答案为that。
4.Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:研究表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知,空格后的句子意思完整,不缺少任何成分,所以用that引导同位语从句,用于解释说明signal的具体内容。故答案为that。
5.It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do.
【答案】what; what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:干你喜欢的事是没有用的;你得喜欢你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语,表示“……的事情”,第一空填what;第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事情”,第二空也用what。故答案为what; what。
三、实战演练
1.It is our responsibility, so ________ I don't want now is to push it to the students.
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这是我们的责任,所以我现在不想把它强加给学生。设空处引导主语从句,因为引导词在从句中作want的宾语,表示“……的事情”,所以用what引导该从句。注意:that引导主语从句时不充当句子成分。故答案为what。
2.If you take a look around your kitchen or office, chances are ___1___ you’ll notice that you are surrounded by plastic water bottles,take-out cups, plastic grocery bags and food packages.
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:如果你看看你的厨房或办公室,很有可能你会注意到你周围都是塑料水瓶、外卖杯、塑料购物袋和食品包装袋。固定句型:chances are that…,意为“很可能”,其中that引导表语从句。故答案为that。
3.Well-made, long-lasting clothing is_____1_____ we should buy and wear.
【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:我们应该购买和穿质量好,耐穿的衣物。分析句子可知,be动词后面是表语从句,从句中的buy 和wear缺少宾语,设空处所填引导词要起双重作用,所以用连接代词what。故答案为what。
4.What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去“哪所大学”,表示地点,作状语。故答案为where。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
(一)
We always think it's OK for us to leave our plants unattended during our vacation, but a recent study has led to a new ____1___ (discover). Some scientists tested tobacco plants and tomato plants by cutting off their stems(茎) and ____2____ (stop)watering them. They then recorded their response with a microphone _____3___ (place)ten centimeters away. They found that the plants began to scream ultrasonic(超声波) sounds, which they believed could convey their suffering ____4____ other plants. When the stem of a tomato plant was cut; the scientists found that ____5___ screamed 25 ultrasonic sounds of suffering within an hour. The tobacco plant that had its stem cut ____6___(send)out 15. The plants also seemed to respond to different _____7____ (stress)with the different intensities(强度) of sound. The scientists observed that the tobacco plants let out _____8___(loud)sound when they were not watered than when they had their stems cut. The study answers the question ____9___ plants can feel pain or not. It can change the way that we think about the plant kingdom, which has been ____10____ (natural)considered to be almost silent.
【答案】
1.discovery 2.stopping 3.placed 4.to 5.it
6.sent 7.stresses 8.louder 9.whether 10.naturally
【解析】
1.discovery 考查名词。句意:我们总是认为在度假期间让我们的植物无人照看是可以的,但最近的一项研究有了一个新发现。句中lead to“引起,导致”,其中to为介词,其后用名词作to的宾语,discover是动词,其名词是discovery。故答案为discovery。
2.stopping 考查动名词。句意:一些科学家通过切断烟草植物和番茄植物的茎并停止浇水来测试它们。介词by后跟动名词作宾语,cutting 和stop由并列连词and连接,所以设空处用stop的动名词stopping。故答案为stopping。
3.placed 考查非谓语动词。句意:然后,他们用放置在10厘米外的麦克风记录下他们的反应。with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语;空前a microphone和动词place“放置”之间是被动关系,是过去分词作宾语补足语。故答案为placed。
4.to 考查介词。句意:他们发现植物开始发出超声波,他们认为这可以将它们的痛苦传递给其他植物。固定搭配:convey...to...,意为“把......传递给......”。故答案为to。
5.it 考查it的用法。句意:当一棵番茄的茎被切断时,科学家们发现它在一小时内发出了25声痛苦的超声波。此处指同类同物,用it指代the stem of a tomato plant。故答案为it。
6.sent 考查一般过去时。句意:茎被切掉的烟草植株发出了15个。The tobacco plant是先行词,后面是that引导的定语从句,所以send是谓语动词,这里在描述过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时,send的过去式是sent。故答案为sent。7.stresses 考查名词复数。句意:这些植物似乎对不同强度的声音的不同压力也有反应。根据空前的different可知,后面用名词复数,所给词stress是名词,意为“压力”,其复数是stresses。故答案为stresses。
8.louder 考查比较级。句意:科学家们观察到,烟草植物在不浇水时发出的声音比茎被切断时更大。根据后面的than可知,此处用形容词比较级。故答案为louder。
9.whether 考查连词。句意:这项研究回答了植物是否能感觉到疼痛的问题。固定搭配:whether...or not“是......或者不是”,此处连词whether引导同位语从句。故答案为whether。
10.naturally 考查副词。句意:它可以改变我们对植物王国的看法,植物王国一直被自然地认为几乎是沉默的。空后considered是过去分词,由副词修饰,natural是形容词,其副词是naturally。故答案为naturally。
(二)
The five interlocked Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point. But do you know what they mean and the story behind their ____1____ (create)
The 1912 Olympic Games, held in Sweden, were the first to include athletes from ____2____ were then considered the five continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America._____3____ (inspire) by what had become a _____4____ (true) global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings. Since 1920, the Olympic rings ____5_____ (use) in every summer and winter Games.
Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic _____6____ (meaning), it seems like it’d be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand ______7____ something specific, like a continent._____8_____ in reality, that's not the case at all. Coubertin _____9_____(choose) the six official Olympic colors—blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background) —because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations ______10_____ (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol. Or, in his own words: “The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception.”
【答案】
1. creation 2. what 3. Inspired 4. truly 5. have been used
6.meanings 7. for 8. But 9. chose 10. participating
【解析】
1. creation 考查名词。句意:但你知道它们的含义和它们诞生背后的故事吗?空前their是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,所给词create是动词,其名词是creation,是不可数名词。故答案为creation。
2.what 考查宾语从句。句意:1912年在瑞典举行的奥运会,是第一次有来自当时被认为是五大洲:非洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和美洲的运动员参加的奥运会。空前是介词from,设空处所填词引导宾语从句,从句中缺少引导词和主语,所填词起双重作用,且指物。故答案为what。
3.Inspired 考查过去分词。句意:受这一真正的全球盛会的启发,顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志:奥林匹克五环。分析句子结构,句中had become是谓语动词,可知inspire在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语Coubertin 构成被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故答案为Inspired。
4.truly 考查副词。句意:受这一真正的全球盛会的启发,顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志:奥林匹克五环。空后global是形容词,由副词修饰,所给词true是形容词,其副词是truly。故答案为truly。
5.have been used 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:从1920年开始,奥林匹克五环开始在每年的夏季和冬季奥运会上使用。句子主语the Olympic rings与谓语动词use构成被动关系,再根据上文Since 1920可知,设空处现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为the Olympic rings,复数形式,所以助动词用have。故答案为have been used。
6.meanings 考查名词复数。句意:鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解,似乎可以有把握地假设,奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西,比如一块大陆。meaning是可数名词,意为“含义”,由many修饰应用复数形式。故答案为meanings。
7.for 考查介词。句意:鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解,似乎可以有把握地假设,奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西,比如一块大陆。此处表达颜色“代表”东西,stand for意为“代表,象征”。故答案为for。
8.But 考查并列连词。句意:但在现实中,情况并非如此。结合上下文语境可知,此处为转折关系,应用表转折的连词but,且句首单词首字母要大写。故答案为But。
9.chose 考查动词时态。句意:顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白(作为背景颜色),因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时,每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。根据下文when he introduced the symbol in 1913可知,这里在描述过去发生的事情,所以句子用一般过去时,所给动词choose的过去式是chose。故填chose。
10.participating 考查非谓语动词。句意:顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白(作为背景颜色),因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时,每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。分析句子结构可知,could be reproduced 是句子的谓语动词,很明显participate应用非谓语动词形式,且participate与逻辑主语nations是主动关系,所以这里用用现在分词作后置定语。故答案为participating。
(三)
China’s Huangshan mountain is famous for its scenery and rolling clouds, which attract over 3 million people each year. Among the area’s most visited sites ____1___(be)the Greeting Pine.
____2___ the early 1980s, a single person has been responsible for monitoring the Greeting Pine, ___3___ this protector works around the clock, rain or shine.
Hu Xiaochun, a former soldier, ____4___(select)to guard the pine in 2011. He spends his day monitoring the tree. He records everything in a journal, and there are journals____5____(date)back to the first pine guard.
The Greeting Pine is ____6____popular selfie spot ,and with millions of visitors, there are many potential people getting too close. A security system informs Hu____7____(immediate)whenever someone crosses a barrier.
That same security system helps Hu monitor the tree at night. Once the moon rises, squirrels and ___8___(monkey)arrive to search for food. If he gets an alarm, Hu leaves his home——a small hut near the tree—____9___(scare)them off.
Hu says the tree has taught him many things. “It teaches me to be tough. No matter how bad the weather is, nothing brings it down. The tree, which opens___10___(it)arms to welcome people,also symbolizes friendship.”
【答案】
1. is 2. Since 3. and 4. was selected 5. dating
6. a 7. immediately 8. monkeys 9. to scare 10. its
【解析】
1. is 考查一般现在时。句意:该地区最受欢迎的景点之一是迎客松。该句在描述一个客观事实,句子用一般现在时;这是一个完全倒装句,表示方位的地点状语Among the area’s most visited sites位于句子开头,句子用完全倒装,the Greeting Pine是句子主语,单数形式,谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故答案为is。
2. Since 考查介词。句意:从20世纪80年代初开始,就有一个人负责监控迎风松,这个保护者不分昼夜地工作,风雨无阻。根据句子时态 has been可知,设空处应该用介词since,since后跟过去的时间,句子用现在完成时,且句子开头首字母用大写。故答案为Since。
3. and 考查并列连词。句意:从20世纪80年代初开始,就有一个人负责监控迎风松,这个保护者不分昼夜地工作,风雨无阻。故答案为and。设空处填并列连词and,连接两个表并列的简单句。故答案为and。
4. was selected 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意:胡小春是一名退伍军人,2011年被选中守卫这棵松树。Hu Xiaochun是句子主语,单数第三人称,和谓语动词select之间构成被动关系,再根据时间状语in 2011可知,设空处用一般过去时的被动语态,被动语态中的be动词用was。故答案为was selected。
5. dating 考查非谓语动词。句意:他把一切都记录在日记里,有些日记可以追溯到第一位松树守卫。该句是there be句型,有谓语动词,设空处应该用非谓语动词,date back to意为“追溯到”,且和journals之间是主动关系,是现在分词作后置定语。故答案为dating。
6. a 考查不定冠词。句意: 迎宾松是一个很受欢迎的自拍地点,有数百万游客,很多潜在的人靠得太近。句中 spot是名词,意为“地点,场所”,此处意为“一个”自拍地点,表示“泛指”,且popular是以辅音音素开头的词,前面用不定冠词a。故答案为a。
7. immediately 考查副词。句意:只要有人越过障碍物,安全系统就会立即通知胡。informs是谓语动词,由副词修饰,所给词immediate是形容词,其副词是immediately。故答案为immediately。
8. monkeys 考查名词复数。句意:一旦月亮升起,松鼠和猴子就会来寻找食物。分析句子结构squirrels and ___8___(monkey)可知,设空处用名词复数与and前的squirrels 并列,所给词monkey的复数是monkeys。故答案为monkeys。
9. to scare 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果他接到警报,他就会离开他的家——树附近的一个小木屋——把它们吓跑。句中leaves是谓语动词,所给动词scare是非谓语动词,是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to scare。
10. its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这棵张开双臂欢迎人们的树也象征着友谊。句中arms 是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,it的形容词性物主代词是its。故答案为its。