14 高考语法填空抢分热点之主谓一致
一、考点精讲
1. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Watching TV too much is （be）bad for your health。（看电视太多对你的健康有害。）
2. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：To learn English very well is necessary./It is necessary to learn English very well.（学好英语是必要的。）
3. 主语从句作主语，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。例如：What is well-known to us is that the Summer Palace is in China.（众所周知，颐和园在中国。）
4. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单是形式。例如：The bad news is incredible.（坏消息令人难以置信。）
5. 主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，but，except，in addition to等短语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，在人称和数上要与前面的主语保持一致。例如：Mr. White，along with his friends，is playing football.（怀特先生和他的朋友们正在踢足球。）
6. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Neither I nor he has visited the Great Wall.（我和他都没有去过长城。）
二、高考题经典解读
1. The publication of Great Expectations，which ______（be）both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
【答案】was
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版得到了广泛的评价和高度的赞扬，巩固了狄更斯作为著名小说家的地位。此处先行词是Great Expectations，由关系代词which替代，引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，“Great Expectations”是书名，看作单数形式，所以定语从句的谓语动词要用单数形式；strengthened是主句的谓语动词，是一般过去时，说明该句在描述过去的事情。故答案为was。
2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which______（be）saved for other purposes.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：工厂用掉了65%的原材料，剩下的留作他用。the rest of which中的which指代先行词 raw materials，所以谓语动词用复数形式；根据主句谓语动词used可知，从句用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为were。
3. The famous musician，as well as his students，______（invite）to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2021 Taipei Flower Expo.
【答案】was invited
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2021年台北花博会开幕式上表演。这里在描述过去的事情，且句子主语和谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态；介词短语as well as连接两个主语，后面的谓语动词遵循就远原则，所以和主语The famous musician在人称和数上保持一致。故答案为was invited。
4. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______（remain） around that level ever since.
【答案】has remained
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到18所，此后一直保持在这一水平。根据ever since可知，句子用现在完成时；The number of medical schools为主语，the number of 表示“......的数量”，作主语后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为has remained。
5. Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers ______（carry）special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：中国新年是庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊的意义。此处是why引导的表语从句，且在描述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，从句中动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为carries。
三、实战演练
1. One-third of the country _______（be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______（be）black people.
【答案】is；are
【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：该国三分之一的土地被树木覆盖，大多数公民是黑人。分数作主语后面的谓语动词用单数还是复数要看“of+名词”中的名词。如果of后面是可数名词单数形式，那么谓语动词也用单数形式；如果of后面的名词是复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式；如果of后面的名词是不可数名词，则谓语动词也要用单数形式。这里在描述客观事实，句子用一般现在时， the country是单数形式，所以第一空填is；the majority 意为“大多数”，是复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数，第二空填are。故答案为is；are。
2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _____ （wear）evening dress.
【答案】wears
【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：芭芭拉很容易认出来，因为她是唯一一个穿晚礼服的女人。该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时；the only one是先行词，由关系代词who替代，在定语从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为wears。
3. Though there _____（be）only a small quantity of food and water left, they managed to arrive at the destination, safe and sound.
【答案】was
【解析】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：尽管只剩下少量的食物和水，他们还是设法安全无恙地到达了目的地。though引导的让步状语从句是there be句型，food and water是主语，为不可数名词，由a small quantity of 修饰，其中quantity是单数形式，所以谓语动词也用单数形式，再根据主句谓语动managed可知，从句用一般过去时。故答案为was。
4. Nobody except Bill and John _________（have） entered the second round of the interview.
【答案】has
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：除了比尔和约翰，没有人进入第二轮面试。该句用现在完成时，介词except连接主语，谓语动词和except前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，nobody是不不定代词，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为has。
5. The teacher together with the students _______（be）discussing Reading Skills that ______（be）newly published in America.
【答案】is；was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：老师和学生们正在讨论美国新出版的《阅读技巧》。该句是复合句，含that引导的定语从句；主句是现在进行时，together with连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，The teacher是单数形式，所以第一空填is；that引导的定语从句是一般过去时的被动语态，其中Reading Skills是一本书名，单数形式，是先行词，且在从句中作主语，由关系代词that替代，所以谓语动词也用单数形式，第二空填was。故答案为is；was。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
（一）
Some students might hate the idea of homework because it is time consuming.Others might think that homework is unnecessary because all of the learning is done in the classroom.I disagree with both of these ___1___ （opinion）.I think that homework is an important factor in a ___2___ （student） education.
One reason is that it helps you understand ___3___ you have learned in class.When I was struggling with solving equations （方程式），I ___4___ （give） homework.When I came back to school the next day，I was able to solve equations more ___5___ （easy）.Duke University did a study and it shows homework helps most students.The study also shows that homework is ___6___ （use） because it helps the teachers know what their students are struggling with，
Another reason is that doing homework ___7___ （help） students get better grades in tests and exams.Oxford University found out that high school students who do about two hours of homework are more likely ___8___ （do） better at school.
The last reason why homework is important is that it prepares students ___9___ the real world.Homework is teaching me how to get information through repetition.Homework is teaching me punctuality （守时） by having a due date.The University of Illinois says that students ___10___ do homework usually have better study habits.
【答案】
1. opinions 2. student’s 3. what 4. was given 5. easily
6.useful 7. helps 8. to do 9. for 10. who/that
【解析】
1. opinions 考查名词复数。句意：这两种观点我都不同意。根据空前的these可知，设空处用名词复数。故答案为opinions。
2. student’s 考查名词所有格。句意：我认为家庭作业是学生教育的一个重要因素。此处指“一个学生的”教育，所以用名词student的所有格形式student’s。故答案为student’s。
3. what 考查what引导的宾语从句。句意：一个原因是它可以帮助你理解你在课堂上学到的东西。空前是谓语动词understand，后面的句子缺少宾语和引导词，所填词要其双重作用，引导宾语从句，且指物，所以连接代词what符合语境。故答案为what。
4. was given 考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：当我苦于解方程时，有人给我布置了家庭作业。该句是复合句，含when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时态，主句主语I和谓语动词give之间是被动关系，所以主句是一般过去时的被动语态，且被动语态的be动词用was。故答案为was given。
5. easily 考查副词。句意：当我第二天回到学校时，我能更容易地解方程了。句中solve是动词，由副词修饰，所给词easy是形容词，其副词是easily。故答案为easily。
6. useful 考查形容词。句意：这项研究还表明，家庭作业是有用的，因为它可以帮助老师了解他们的学生在努力什么。be动词is后面用形容词作表语，所给词use的形容词是useful。故答案为useful。
7. helps 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：另一个原因是做作业可以帮助学生在考试中取得更好的成绩。该句是复合句，含that引导的表语从句；从句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时；从句主语是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为helps。
8. to do 考查非谓语动词。句意：牛津大学发现，每天做两个小时作业的高中生更有可能在学校取得更好的成绩。固定搭配：be likely to do sth.，意为“很可能做某事”。故答案为to do。
9. for 考查介词。句意：家庭作业重要的最后一个原因是它让学生为现实世界做好准备。固定搭配：prepare for...，意为“为......做准备”故答案为for。
10. who/that 考查定语从句。句意：伊利诺伊大学表示，做家庭作业的学生通常有更好的学习习惯。students是先行词，指人，后面的定语从句缺少引导词和主语，所以这里是who/that引导的定语从句。故答案为who/that。
（二）
Penguins are some of the most recognizable and beloved birds in the world and even have their own holiday： World Penguin Day． It ____1___ （celebrate） every year on April 25． Penguins are also ____2___ （amaze） birds because of their physical adaptations to survive in unusual climates and to live mostly at sea．
Penguins are primarily found only in the Southern Hemisphere （南半球）， while most people associate penguins with Antarctica in ___3___ these birds are much more widespread． Penguin populations can be found in South America， South Africa， Australia and New Zealand， as well ____4___ many small islands in the southern Pacific Ocean．
The naturally northernmost penguin species is the Galapagos penguin， which lives year round near the equator on the Galapagos Islands． This penguin ____5____ （regular） crosses the equator into the Northern Hemisphere as it swims while feeding．
Penguins lost the ability to fly ____6___ （million） of years ago， but their powerful flippers （脚蹼） and streamlined bodies make them become ____7____ （skill） swimmers． They are the fastest swimming and deepest diving species of the bird and can stay underwater up to 20 minutes at ____8____ time． While swimming， penguins will leap above the surface of the water．
Penguins' eyes work ____9____ （well） underwater than they do in the air， giving them superior eyesight ____10____ （spot） prey （猎物） while hunting， even in cloudy or dark water， or in the rapid flow． What a surprising and cute animal it is!
【答案】
1. is celebrated 2. amazing 3. but 4. as 5. regularly
6.millions 7. skilled 8. a 9. better 10. to spot
【解析】
1. is celebrated 考查时态语态。句意为：每年4月25日庆祝。every year常和一般现在时态连用，且句子主语it和谓语动词celebrate之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态，主语it是单数第三人称。故答案为is celebrated。
2.amazing 考查形容词。句意：企鹅也是一种神奇的鸟类，因为它们的身体适应了不寻常的气候，并主要生活在海上。空后birds 是名词，由形容词修饰，此处表示“令人惊讶的”鸟，所以用amaze的形容词amazing。故答案为amazing。
3.but 考查并列连词。句意：虽然大多数人把企鹅和南极洲联系在一起，但这些鸟类的分布范围要广得多。分析句子结构Antarctica和much more widespread可知，前后是转折关系。故答案为but。
4.as 考查固定搭配。句意：企鹅种群分布在南美洲、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰，以及南太平洋的许多小岛屿。固定搭配：as well as意为“和，还有”。故答案为as。
5.regularly 考查副词。句意：这只企鹅在觅食时游泳，经常穿过赤道进入北半球。空后crosses是动词，由副词修饰，所给词regular是形容词，其副词是regularly。故答案为regularly。
6.millions 考查名词的数。句意：企鹅在数百万年前就丧失了飞行能力，但它们强大的鳍状肢和流线型的身体使它们成为熟练的游泳运动员。固定搭配：millions of“数以百万计的”。故答案为millions。
7.skilled 考查形容词。句意：企鹅在数百万年前就丧失了飞行能力，但它们强大的鳍状肢和流线型的身体使它们成为熟练的游泳运动员。空后swimmers是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词skill的形容词是skilled“有技能的”，在句中作定语。故答案为skilled。
8.a 考查冠词。句意：它们是鸟中游得最快、潜水最深的种类，每次能在水下停留20分钟。固定搭配：at a time“每次”，可知用不定冠词a。故答案为a。
9.better 考查比较级。句意：企鹅的眼睛在水下比在空气中工作得更好，即使在阴暗的水中，或在急流中，使它们在捕猎时有更高的视力。根据后面的than，可知此处用比较级。故答案为better。
10.to spot 考查非谓语动词。句意：企鹅的眼睛在水下比在空气中工作得更好，即使在阴暗的水中，或在急流中，使它们在捕猎时有更高的视力。此处是动词不定式作后置定语修饰eyesight。故答案为to spot。
（三）
A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it ___1___ （create）originally．That's certainly the case ___2___ "china"．And of all types of china，white porcelain（瓷）is among the most famous．
Nowadays，the ___3___ （tradition）material has taken on a modern look in the ____4___（hand）of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition．And the key word here is"modern"．One of the works ____5__ （be）a porcelain boat．But look ___6___ （attentive）and you'll see that the boat ___7___ （build）with porcelain looks like a takeout box．Inside the boat is a statue of a baby．The baby stands for humans and the boat is ___8___ supports life．It suggests we may have done some damage to ___9___ environment and that we're treating life like fast food．
All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style，each in （10）___10___ （they）own way．And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from．It's a dialogue between the past and the present．
【答案】
1. was created 2. with 3. traditional 4. hands 5. is
6.attentively 7. built 8. what 9. the 10. their
【解析】
1. was created 考查动词时态和语态。句意：当一种材料以它最初被创造的地方命名时，它可能真的很特别。该句中where引导定语从句，从句缺少谓语，从句主语it指代A material，与create构成逻辑上的被动关系，再根据when引导的时间状语从句中的was可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was created。
2.with 考查介词。句意：“瓷器”当然就是这样。固定搭配：be the case with......，意为“......的情况是”。故答案为with。
3.traditional考查形容词。句意：如今，在现代白瓷展上，这一传统材料在四位中国艺术家的手中呈现出了现代的面貌。空后material是名词，由形容词修饰，所给词tradition是名词，其形容词是traditional。故答案为traditional。
4.hands 考查名词。句意：如今，在现代白瓷展上，这一传统材料在四位中国艺术家的手中呈现出了现代的面貌。根据of four Chinese artists可知，此处的hand要用复数形式.故答案为hands。
5.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：其中一件作品是一艘瓷器船。这里在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，主语为One，表示作品中的一件，为单数，be动词用is。故答案为is。
6.attentively 考查副词。句意：但仔细看，你会发现这艘用瓷器建造的船看起来像一个外卖盒。分析句子可知，空前look是动词，由副词修饰，所给词attentive是形容词，其副词是attentively。故答案为attentively。
7.built 考查过去分词。句意：但仔细看，你会发现这艘用瓷器建造的船看起来像一个外卖盒。分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，从句中looks是谓语动词，所给动词build应该是非谓语动词，从句主语the boat与build之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为built。
8. what 考查名词性从句。句意：婴儿代表人类，船是生命的支柱。is后面为表语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导表语从句，其双重作用。故答案为what。
9.the 考查冠词。句意：这表明我们可能对环境造成了一些破坏，我们把生活当成了快餐。此处意为“我们生存的环境”，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。故答案为the。
10.their 考查代词。句意：四位艺术家都以各自的方式赋予了白瓷一种典型的风格。分析句子可知，空后way是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰，they的形容词性物主代词是their。故答案为their。优点英语
14 高考语法填空抢分热点之主谓一致
一、考点精讲
1. 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Watching TV too much is （be）bad for your health。（看电视太多对你的健康有害。）
2. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：To learn English very well is necessary./It is necessary to learn English very well.（学好英语是必要的。）
3. 主语从句作主语，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。例如：What is well-known to us is that the Summer Palace is in China.（众所周知，颐和园在中国。）
4. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单是形式。例如：The bad news is incredible.（坏消息令人难以置信。）
5. 主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，but，except，in addition to等短语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，在人称和数上要与前面的主语保持一致。例如：Mr. White，along with his friends，is playing football.（怀特先生和他的朋友们正在踢足球。）
6. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Neither I nor he has visited the Great Wall.（我和他都没有去过长城。）
二、高考题经典解读
1. The publication of Great Expectations，which ______（be）both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which______（be）saved for other purposes.
3. The famous musician，as well as his students，______（invite）to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2021 Taipei Flower Expo.
4. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______（remain） around that level ever since.
5. Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers ______（carry）special significance.
三、实战演练
1. One-third of the country _______（be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______（be）black people.
2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _____ （wear）evening dress.
3. Though there _____（be）only a small quantity of food and water left, they managed to arrive at the destination, safe and sound.
4. Nobody except Bill and John _________（have） entered the second round of the interview.
5. The teacher together with the students _______（be）discussing Reading Skills that ______（be）newly published in America.
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
（一）
Some students might hate the idea of homework because it is time consuming.Others might think that homework is unnecessary because all of the learning is done in the classroom.I disagree with both of these ___1___ （opinion）.I think that homework is an important factor in a ___2___ （student） education.
One reason is that it helps you understand ___3___ you have learned in class.When I was struggling with solving equations （方程式），I ___4___ （give） homework.When I came back to school the next day，I was able to solve equations more ___5___ （easy）.Duke University did a study and it shows homework helps most students.The study also shows that homework is ___6___ （use） because it helps the teachers know what their students are struggling with，
Another reason is that doing homework ___7___ （help） students get better grades in tests and exams.Oxford University found out that high school students who do about two hours of homework are more likely ___8___ （do） better at school.
The last reason why homework is important is that it prepares students ___9___ the real world.Homework is teaching me how to get information through repetition.Homework is teaching me punctuality （守时） by having a due date.The University of Illinois says that students ___10___ do homework usually have better study habits.
（二）
Penguins are some of the most recognizable and beloved birds in the world and even have their own holiday： World Penguin Day． It ____1___ （celebrate） every year on April 25． Penguins are also ____2___ （amaze） birds because of their physical adaptations to survive in unusual climates and to live mostly at sea．
Penguins are primarily found only in the Southern Hemisphere （南半球）， while most people associate penguins with Antarctica in ___3___ these birds are much more widespread． Penguin populations can be found in South America， South Africa， Australia and New Zealand， as well ____4___ many small islands in the southern Pacific Ocean．
The naturally northernmost penguin species is the Galapagos penguin， which lives year round near the equator on the Galapagos Islands． This penguin ____5____ （regular） crosses the equator into the Northern Hemisphere as it swims while feeding．
Penguins lost the ability to fly ____6___ （million） of years ago， but their powerful flippers （脚蹼） and streamlined bodies make them become ____7____ （skill） swimmers． They are the fastest swimming and deepest diving species of the bird and can stay underwater up to 20 minutes at ____8____ time． While swimming， penguins will leap above the surface of the water．
Penguins' eyes work ____9____ （well） underwater than they do in the air， giving them superior eyesight ____10____ （spot） prey （猎物） while hunting， even in cloudy or dark water， or in the rapid flow． What a surprising and cute animal it is!
（三）
A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it ___1___ （create）originally．That's certainly the case ___2___ "china"．And of all types of china，white porcelain（瓷）is among the most famous．
Nowadays，the ___3___ （tradition）material has taken on a modern look in the ____4___（hand）of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition．And the key word here is"modern"．One of the works ____5__ （be）a porcelain boat．But look ___6___ （attentive）and you'll see that the boat ___7___ （build）with porcelain looks like a takeout box．Inside the boat is a statue of a baby．The baby stands for humans and the boat is ___8___ supports life．It suggests we may have done some damage to ___9___ environment and that we're treating life like fast food．
All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style，each in （10）___10___ （they）own way．And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from．It's a dialogue between the past and the present．
优点英语
