(共77张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Period One Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．小说；虚构的事
B．意外收获；奖金；红利
C．诚实正直；完整；完好
D．庄重；庄严；尊严
E．薪水；薪金
1．How much salary does the job pay？ ( )
2．It’s difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no job and no home. ( )
3．I have always regarded him as a man of integrity. ( )
4．Sometimes，it also refers to the money of bonus. ( )
5．I read everything from fiction to history. ( )
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A
1．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严→____________ v．使有尊严；使高贵；使显得堂皇
(参考：beauty→beautify)
2．appoint v．任命；委任；安排→ ____________n．约会；预约；委任
(参考：manage→management)
【答案】1．dignify 2．appointment
3．guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪→ ____________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(参考：mood→moody)
4．declare vt.公布；宣称；表明→ ____________n.公告；宣告
(参考：congratulate→congratulation)
【答案】3．guilty 4．declaration
5．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→_______ n.解雇；免职；开除
(参考：withdraw→withdrawal)
【答案】5．dismissal
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
test out；more like；or rather；make an appointment；be rude to...
1．His work is to check out new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
＝His work is to____________ new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
【答案】1．test out
2．Can I appoint to see the manager
＝Can I ______________ to see the manager
3．She behaves towards me more friendly than a mother.
＝She behaves towards me ______________ a friend than a mother.
【答案】2．make an appointment 3．more like
4．The building is like a palace，to be more exact a temple.
＝The building is like a palace，__________ a temple.
5．I find it astonishing that he should be impolite to you.
＝I find it astonishing that he should __________________ you.
【答案】4．or rather 5．be rude to
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，判断信息正误
( )1．Larry would carry out the robot test in person.
( )2．Claire felt surprised to see the robot because it looked too handsome.
( )3．Claire was embarrassed because Tony wanted to help with her dressing.
( )4．Tony treated others with integrity and dignity.
【答案】1－4 FTTF
( )5．Claire felt unhappy for her not being able to help her husband.
( )6．The books that Claire borrowed must be about makeup and house design.
( )7．Tony wrote a list of things for decorating the house.
( )8．Claire felt guilty because she called Tony “dear”．
【答案】5－8 FTTT
( )9．Tony wanted to finish improving the house before Larry returned home.
( )10．Tony declared that he would leave Claire the next day.
【答案】9－10 TF
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．What’s Claire’s duty in the experiment
A．To test out the machine.
B．To find the mistake with it.
C．To stay with the machine.
D．To make a family with the machine.
【答案】 A
( )2．What does the word “alarmed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Excited.
B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised.
D．Frightened.
【答案】 D
( )3．When Tony offered his help，Claire felt _______．
A．uncomfortable B．pleased
C．moved D．interested
【答案】A
( )4．What can we infer about the books that Claire borrowed from the library
A．They were written for robots，not for human beings.
B．They were related to makeup and house improvements.
C．They were written by scientists who designed the robot.
D．They were about how to get along with human beings.
【答案】B
( )5．What can we infer from this text
A．Tony had a fight with Larry.
B．The party was put off until the next day.
C．Claffern didn’t turn up at the party.
D．Tony fell in love with Claire.
【答案】D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Larry’s company got its robot to be tested by Larry’s wife Claire.Since Larry had to be away 1.________ a business trip for three weeks，Claire didn’t want the robot to be in her house since it looked 2.________(much) like a human than a machine.She would feel 3.________(embarrass) with such a handsome “man” in her house.
【答案】1．on 2．more 3．embarrassed
The robot treated Claire with dignity and integrity.Not only did Tony，the robot，want to take care of Claire’s daily life，4.________ also he was sensitive about what she wanted most.
5.________(know) that Claire wanted to make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant，Tony made a new hairstyle for Claire.He also wrote her a list of the 6.________(material) he needed for decorating the house.
【答案】4．but 5．Knowing 6．materials
While in the shop，Claire was treated 7.________(bad) by the saleswoman. When Tony got to know about it，he spoke to the saleswoman，8.________ immediately changed her attitude towards Claire.Feeling so moved，Claire couldn’t help 9.________ (call) Tony “dear”．
【答案】7．badly 8．who 9．calling
Before her husband returned home，Claire wanted to hold a party at her newly 10.________(decorate) house.When everything got ready，Claire dismissed Tony.However，he didn’t want to leave.Instead，he declared that he had fallen in love with her.
【答案】10．decorated
课堂新知讲练
1．test out检验；测试
(P2)It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife，Claire.
【翻译】它将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。
◇词汇拓讲
break out爆发；发生
bring out拿出；提出；出版；生产
carry out执行；履行
【用法详解】
come out (书)出版；(花)开放；出来
fill out填(表)
figure out理解；明白；弄清楚
point out指出
pull out (车)驶出(车站)
sort out分类
stand out显著；突出
turn out原来(是)；结果(是)；生产出
work out算出；解决
They opened a single store in Europe to test out the market.
他们在欧洲开了一家商店，检验一下市场情况。
You should test it out first if you want to buy this car.
如果你想买这台车，你应先检测一下。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The war ________ out in 1945 and came to an end in 1949.
(2)Since you have already made a promise，you should _____ it out.
(3)My new book will __________ out at the beginning of next month.
【答案】(1)broke (2)carry (3)come
完成句子
(4)His work is to ______________________ new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
他的工作是在新设计的汽车投入市场之前对它们进行检验。
(5)The truth is beginning to __________ about what happened.
所发生的事情真相开始为大家所知。
【答案】(4)test out (5)come out
2．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
(P2)He always treated her with dignity.
【翻译】他总是很尊重她。
the dignity of labour劳动的尊严
a man of dignity有威严的人
with dignity大度地，有尊严地
be beneath one’s dignity有失体面；有损威严
stand on one’s dignity维持某人的尊严
【用法详解】
She accepted the criticism with quiet dignity.
她大度地接受了批评。
He suffered a long series of illnesses with tremendous dignity and fortitude.
他在病魔的长久折磨下表现出了高度的尊严和刚毅。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)You won’t ______________(有尊严地生活) if you haven’t got a good job.
(2)As _____________(有威严的人)，Mr Brown seldom talks freely with his colleagues.
【答案】(1)live with dignity (2)a man of dignity
(3)Even though he has nothing to eat，Mr Li still wants to ________________(维持自己的尊严).
(4)The queen’s fall onto the ground made her ______________ (有失体面).
【答案】(3)stand on his dignity (4)beneath her dignity
3．appointment n．预约；约会；委任
(P2)She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
【翻译】她约好去涂指甲，然后走进一家高档服装店。
(1)an appointment with sb.与某人的约定
keep an appointment准时赴约
by appointment通过预约的方式
(2)appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
appoint sb.to＋某单位/职位 任命某人去某地任职/担任某个职务
【用法详解】
She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为她的儿子预约看医生。
They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
A young man was appointed to carry out the task.
一位年轻人被委派去完成这个任务。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Mr Li has been appointed ________(be) the new president of this university.
(2)His ________(appoint) as the new director will be made known tomorrow.
(3)My uncle will be appointed ________ that police station next month.
【答案】(1)to be (2)appointment (3)to
4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
(P3)The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
【翻译】客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
dismiss one’s suggestions/ideas 摒弃某人的建议/观点
dismiss... from sb./one’s mind 消除某人内心的……
dismiss sb.(from work) 解雇某人；打发某人走
【用法详解】
I think we can safely dismiss the suggestions.
我认为我们可以有把握地驳回这些建议。
He was often late for work，so the boss decided to dismiss him.
他上班经常迟到，所以老板决定解雇他。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)老板刚才直接否定了员工们的要求。
_________________________________________________
(2)你必须尽力消除你内心的愤怒。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(1)The boss dismissed the employees’ demand just now.
(2)You must try to dismiss your anger from your mind.
(3)上周，他被开除了。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(3)He got/was dismissed last week.
5．declare vt.宣布；宣告；声明
(P3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
【翻译】她听见他说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
(1)declare war on... 向……宣战
declare for/against... 声明支持/反对……
declare oneself 表明态度；发表意见
declare that... 声称/宣判……
declare sth./sb.(to be)＋adj.宣布/表明某事/某人……为……
(2)declaration n．宣告；公告；宣布
【用法详解】
Our government declared for this plan.
我们的政府声明支持这项计划。
The defendant declared that he was not guilty.
被告声称他无罪。
She declared herself extremely hurt by his lack of support.
她说她自己非常伤心，因为没有得到他的支持。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
(2)A few parents will declare ________ their children are too busy for housework.
【答案】(1)declared (2)that
(3)Do you know when Britain declared war _______ Germany during the Second World War
(4)It’s likely that he will declare ________ the proposal，because he thinks it will damage his interests.
(5)She declared ________(her) in favour of the proposal.
(6)The head teacher declared Wang Fei ________(be) monitor of the class.
【答案】(3)on (4)against (5)herself (6)to be
1．(P3)Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.
【翻译】托尼对她说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“was being sensitive”是be动词的进行时态，但它并不表示过去正在进行的动作，而是表示过去某个时候的一个暂时的状态。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)过去进行时表示从过去看将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。
(2)过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，暗示动作并没有完成或结束。而一般过去时则强调动作已经结束。
(3)在“be＋名词”这个结构中，be动词的现在进行时或过去进行时都表示一个暂时的状态。
(4)“I was wondering if...”是一个常见的句型，它表示一个委婉的请求。
(5)while引导的状语从句的时态多用过去进行时，强调动作正在发生。
The boy was being so quiet when I worked.
这个男孩子在我工作时竟如此安静。
He was writing a report yesterday.
昨天他在写一个报告。(报告并没有写好)
He wrote a report yesterday.
昨天他写了一个报告。(报告写好了)
While she was doing her homework，she heard someone crying for help.
她在做家庭作业的时候，听到有人呼救。
[针对练习]
完成/翻译句子
(1)When you met her in the street，she __________________ (非常开心).
(2)__________________________(上周，他在写一个报告).
【答案】(1)was being happy
(2)He was writing a report last week
(3)_______________(我想知道) if you could go to the cinema with me tonight.
(4)________________________(当他在等公交车的时候)，he met his old friend.
【答案】(3)I was wondering
(4)While he was waiting for the bus
2．(P3) She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
【翻译】她听见他说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“more than”后面接的是名词“the desire”，这时，more than 意为“不只是”。
【归纳拓展】
more than的本意为“超过”，也常常翻译成“与其说……倒不如说”。它有如下变形和搭配：
(1)more than＋数词或从句，意为“超过……”。
(2)more than＋形容词，意为“非常……”。
(3)more than＋名词，意为“不只是……；不仅是……”。
(4)no more than＋数词，意为“只不过……；仅仅……”。
(5)not more than＋数词，意为“不超过……；至多……”。
(6)more＋形容词/名词＋than＋形容词/名词，意为“与其说……不如说……”。
John is more diligent than clever.
与其说约翰聪明，不如说他勤奋。
The secret is more than we can let out.
这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。
There is room for no more than three cars.
这地方只能停放三辆汽车。
She was more sad than angry when her son lied.
当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气，倒不如说她伤心。
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)今天我非常高兴为大家讲一个故事。
_________________________________________________
(2)与其说他是一位教授，不如说他是一位农民。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(1)Today I am more than delighted to tell you a story.
(2)He is more a farmer than a professor.
(3)李明已经工作五个多小时了。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(3)Li Ming has been working for more than five hours.
3．(P3)A human being’s facial expression changes often，whereas Tony’s never changes.
【翻译】人的面部表情经常改变，但托尼的表情从不变化。
【句式剖析】
本句中的whereas是连词，连接两个并列句，表示对比或比较，意为“但是，然而”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)whereas用作并列连词，放在两个并列句的中间。这时，whereas的前面通常有逗号同前面的句子分开。
(2)whereas也可用作从属连词，这时，其后接一个状语从句，相当于although/though。
They want a house，whereas we would rather live in a flat.
他们想要一幢房子，而我们宁愿住在一套公寓里。
I was blind，whereas I can see now.
我过去双目失明，现在则重见光明。
He earns ￡8,000 a year，whereas his wife gets at least ￡20,000．
他一年挣8 000英镑，而他妻子至少可获20 000英镑。
His children are well bred，whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子们很有教养，但他姐姐的孩子们却调皮得很。
Benefits are linked to inflation，whereas they should be linked to the cost of living.
救济金与通货膨胀联系了起来，而它们应该与生活费用挂钩。
(3)while用作并列连词，也可以表示对比或比较，但其前不可用逗号。
(4)but意为“但是，然而”，但表示的是一种转折关系，而不是对比或比较。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)Some people praise him，______________________(然而有些人却责备他).
(2)______________(虽然他很富有)，his brother is very poor.
【答案】(1)whereas others scold him
(2)Whereas he is rich
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I passed by the new house yesterday，its walls ____________________(paint) and now I think they should have finished painting it.
2．This friendly and even ______________ (dignity) face has prematurely white hair.
【答案】1．were being painted 2．dignified
3．I have made an ________(appoint) to see a film with my girl friend this evening.
4．Mike has been appointed ________(carry) out the repair work right away.
5．Some of the studies show positive results，________ others do not.
【答案】3．appointment 4．to carry 5．whereas
6．I saw a big snake crawling in the grass near the playground，________ deeply impressed on me.
7．The minister warned that any civil servant(公务员) not at his desk(擅自离岗) faced immediate ________(suspend).
8．His father got into an accident，for which Mary felt rather ________(guilt).
【答案】6．which 7．suspension 8．guilty
9．That man made a ________(declare) to break away from his former friends.
10．Professor Li works most of his time in the field and is ________(much) like a farmer than a professor.
【答案】9．declaration 10．more
Ⅱ.短语填空
test out，more like，be different from，make an appointment，on a trip，after all，be similar to，in comparison，on the other hand，in a good relationship
1．He is ______________ with his workmates，so everybody thinks well of him.
【答案】1．in a good relationship
2．Mr Li is now _____________ to Beijing，and won’t return until two weeks later.
3．I don’t feel well，so I have ___________ to see the doctor tomorrow morning.
4．I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.On the one hand，it is too late.____________，I have seen the movie already.
【答案】2．on a trip 3．made an appointment
4．On the other hand
5．The telecom industry in Australia is very small _________ with the rest of the world.
6．Though Mike __________________ Johnson，they aren’t brothers at all.
7．You’ll have to _________________ your ideas first before you want to put it into practice.
【答案】5．in comparison 6．is similar to 7．test out
8．One blind man thinks the elephant is _________________ a spear than anything else.
9．Don’t blame your son.He is still a baby _______________.
10．This word __________________ that one in their use though they have the same Chinese meaning.
【答案】8．more like 9．after all 10．is different from
Ⅲ.课文原句填空
1．It was going _________________ by Larry’s wife，Claire.
它将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。
2．He seemed ____________________ a human ________ a machine.
他看起来更像一个人而不是一台机器。
【答案】1．to be tested out 2．more like；than
3．She ________________________ to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她约好去涂指甲，然后走进一家高档服装店。
4．Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just ______ ______________ Gladys.
托尼对她说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。
【答案】3．had an appointment 4．as good as
5．A human being’s facial expression changes often，______ Tony’s never changes.
人的面部表情经常改变，但托尼的表情从不变化。
【答案】5．whereas(共87张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Period Two Learning About Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．女主席；女董事长；女委员长
B．计算；核算；预测
C．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
D．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
E．售货员；推销员
1．The International Convention Centre is the venue for a three-day arts festival. ( )
2．If the dough is sticky，add more flour. ( )
3．She is the chairwoman of the department of human genetics at the University of Chicago. ( )
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A
4．Conservationists(自然资源保护主义者) calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. ( )
5．Mr Singh was a highly successful salesman who worked in a supermarket. ( )
【答案】4．B 5．E
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．week n．周；星期→__________ adj.每周的 n．周刊
(参考：annual→annually)
2．calculate vt.计算；预测→__________ n．计算；预测
(参考：create→creation)
【答案】1．weekly 2．calculation
Ⅲ.预备语法(被动语态)
指出黑体部分是什么类型的被动形式
1．All the work has been finished by now. ( )
2．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing. ( )
【答案】1．现在完成时的被动形式
2．过去进行时的被动形式
3．Some words and phrases are often used to compare and contrast information. ( )
4．It is an honour to be invited to speak here. ( )
5．Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes. ( )
【答案】3．一般现在时的被动形式
4．不定式的被动形式 5．现在完成时的被动形式
课堂新知讲练
1．rumour n．谣言；传闻
(P4)Rumours are like sharp knives，cutting one’s self-respect into pieces.
【翻译】谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。
◇词汇拓讲
rumour of/about sth.有关某事的传闻/谣言
start/spread a rumour制造/散布谣言
Rumour has it that... 有传闻说……
【用法详解】
Rumour has it that he was murdered.
有传闻说他被杀了。
Many of the stories are based on rumour.
这些说法很多都是道听途说。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)_________(有传闻说) Mr Li will be appointed headmaster of our school.
(2)It is not right for you to ______________(传播这些谣言).
(3)There are different _____________(有关这次事故的传闻).
【答案】(1)Rumour has it that
(2)spread those rumours (3)rumours about the accident
2．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设
(P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
【翻译】任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。
I presume so.我想是吧。
presume＋that 从句 假定/推定……
presume sb./sth.to be... 猜想某人/某物是……
presume sb./sth.＋adj....猜想某人/某物是……
It is presumed that... 有人认为……
【用法详解】
I presumed him to be her husband.
我料想他就是她丈夫。
They are very expensive，I presume.
我想，他们是很贵的。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I presume ________ Mrs Li has heard something about the event.
(2)Many people presume the examination ________(be) quite difficult.
【答案】(1)that或/ (2)to be
(3)We must presume the suspect ________(innocence) first.
(4)_______ is presumed that another snowstorm will strike our city soon.
【答案】 (3)innocent (4)It
3．on a...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
(P4)money paid for work or services，typically on a daily or weekly basis
【翻译】为工作或服务所支付的钱，通常以一天或一周为基准
on a daily basis每天；每日
on a weekly basis每周
on a monthly basis每月
on a yearly basis每年
【用法详解】
She goes back to see her parents on a weekly basis.
她每周回去看望父母一次。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)她每天都写日记。
_________________________________________________
(2)我们每个月考试一次。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(1)She keeps diary on a daily basis.
(2)We have an examination on a monthly basis.
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测
(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us，we will have more time for creating，thinking，and “being human”．
【翻译】他们相信，如果人工智能能够为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务，我们将有更多的时间去创造、思考和“成为人类”。
calculate＋n./pron./从句
be calculated to do 旨在；用意在于；打算(做)；适于(做)
calculate sb./sth.to do sth.估计某人/物将会做某事
【用法详解】
I’ll calculate what it will cost.
我要估计一下那要花多少钱。
The scientist could not calculate when the spaceship would reach Jupiter.
那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Emotional people don’t stop ________(calculate).
(2)Li Ming calculates ________(go) on a trip next week.
(3)It ________(calculate) that the bridge will be completed in two weeks.
(4)I calculated ________ the trip would take two days.
【答案】(1)to calculate (2)to go (3)is calculated (4)that
1．(P4)She has been interviewed many times，appeared on the covers of magazines，and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country.
【翻译】她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。
【句式剖析】
“to be given citizenship”是动词不定式短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词non-human。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。
(2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。
(3)如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
(4)当名词被first，second等序数词以及形容词的最高级或者last，only等修饰时，其后常用不定式作后置定语。
(5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。
Mr Li bought a comfortable flat to live in.
李先生买了一套舒适的公寓居住。
He is the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最好人选。
I must keep the promise to pay within a month.
我必须遵守在一个月之内偿付的诺言。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Mr Brown is always the first person ________(arrive) at the office.
(2)Few people made the attempt _______(pick) up the rubbish around the dustbin.
【答案】(1)to arrive (2)to pick
(3)We had to find a comfortable hotel to stay ________ first.
(4)Mary is always the last person ________(ask) for help from others.
【答案】(3)in (4)to ask
2．(P4) When it comes to games，2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.
【翻译】当谈到游戏，2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年。人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久人工智能就会赢得几乎所有的游戏。
【句式剖析】
本句中的before引导一个时间状语从句，但不译成“在……之前”，而应译为“(过多久之后)才……”。
【归纳拓展】
before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“……(之后)才；(不多久)就；不等……就”。
(1)It won’t be...before... 用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It will be...before... 得过多久才……(before从句用一般现在时)
(3)It wasn’t...before... 没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)
(4)It was...before... 过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
It was not long before I tracked down the lost wallet.
不久我就找到了遗失的钱包。
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.
半年后你才能从这所学校毕业。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Let’s clean down the board ________ we paint it.
(2)It __________(be) two years before we know whether it is effective.
(3)Before we ________(walk) five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.
(4)Put that glass cup away before it ________(get) broken.
【答案】(1)before (2)will be (3)walked/had walked (4)gets
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
1．Lots of trees are planted in the park every spring.
2．They were punished by their boss last week.
3．The old bridge has been pulled down.
4．All the cars have been sold out so far.
5．The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.
6．The two sick villagers had been sent to the hospital before I got there.
7．I think my dream will soon be turned into reality in the future.
8．Such rude behaviour must be criticised．
9．All the lights should be turned off before you leave the office.
【我的领悟】
1．句1、句2都是一般时态，其被动语态的构成是：be＋________。其中的动词be根据动作发生的________和句子的主语确定其形式。
2．句3、句4都是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：has/have＋________＋过去分词。
3．句5、句6都是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：________＋________＋过去分词。其中的助动词had没有人称和数的变化。
4．句7是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：_______＋过去分词。
5．句8、句9都是含有情态动词的句子。这时，其被动句的构成是：________＋________＋________。
Keys：1．过去分词；时间
2．现在完成时；been
3．过去完成时；had；been
4．一般将来时；will be
5．情态动词；be；过去分词
□被动语态(The Passive Voice)
一、常见时态的被动句的构成：
时态 被动语态形式 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
一般过去时 was/were done The hero’s story was reported differently in the newspapers.
时态 被动语态形式 例句
一般将来时 shall/will be done或am/is/are going to be done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory is closed.
The task is going to be completed by a group of children.
过去将来时 would be done或was/ were going to be done The child was disappointed to hear that he would not be taken to the air show.
时态 被动语态形式 例句
现在进行时 am/is/are being done A new trade centre is being built here.
过去进行时 was/were being done A meeting was being held when I got there.
现在完成时 have/has been done —The window is dirty.
—I know.It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.
时态 被动语态形式 例句
过去完成时 had been done By the end of last year，another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
将来完成时 will have been done All the construction work will have been completed by the end of 2028．
二、主动句改为被动句
被动语态是历年来高考的重要考点之一。将主动语态改为被动语态时，请牢记“一变、二套、三注意”。
“一变”：变主动为被动或变被动为主动时，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成 “be＋过去分词”。
We grew a tree yesterday.→A tree was grown yesterday by us.
“二套”：被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/is/are(一般现在时)；was/were(一般过去时)；have/has been(现在完成时)；am/is/are being(现在进行时)等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。
The pen has been found by me.
钢笔已经被我找到了。
Homework must be finished first.
必须要先完成家庭作业。
The flowers are being watered by them.
他们正在浇花。
“三注意”：①句中含有双宾语(如give/buy sb. sth.)时，一般要把间接宾语(sb.)变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用介词to的动词有：give，show，pass，hand，lend，send等；常用介词for的动词有borrow，buy，make等。
The eraser was passed to me at last.
最后，橡皮被传递给了我。
A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.
他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。
②主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有：listen to，take care of，pay attention to 等。
We often talk with the old politely.
→The old are often talked with politely by us.
③主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to。常见的词组有：hear/see sb.do sth.，make sb.do sth.等。
We make the boy stand outside.
→The boy was made to stand outside by us.
三、被动语态的特殊结构形式
1．当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
2．在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面，不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，这个不定式要加上to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
3．有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
4．非谓语动词的被动语态。
动词-ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
I don’t like being laughed at in the public.
The president will get the letter to be typed.
5．“It is said that＋从句”及其他类似句型： 一些表示“据说”或“相信”等意义的动词如believe，consider，expect，report，say，suppose，think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
6．谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表示被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
The door won’t lock.(指门本身有故障)
The door won’t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen，last，take place，break out，come out，come about，come true，run out，give out，turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
(3)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look，feel等在“主系表”结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
7．非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。
在某些句型中可用动词的-ing形式或不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面，动词的-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing (＝to be repaired).
(2)形容词worth后面跟动词的-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading.
＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read.
(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者)
(4)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有：nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out省略了for me)
(5)在“too...to...”结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
(6)在“There be...”句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
There is no time to lose (to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，主语是谁则不明确)
8．介词in，on，under等接名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
(1)“under＋名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control(受控制)，under treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修理中)，under discussion(在讨论中)，under construction(在建设中)等。
The great building is under construction(＝is being constructed).
(2)“beyond＋名词”结构，表示“出乎……；胜过……；范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及)，beyond one’s control(无法控制)，beyond hope(毫无希望)等。
The rumour is beyond belief(＝can’t be believed).
(3)“above＋名词”结构，表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……；高于……”。
His honest character is above all praise.＝His honest character cannot be praised enough.
(4)“for＋名词”结构，表示 “适于……；为着……”，如：for sale(出售)，for rent(出租)等。
That house is for sale.(＝That house is to be sold.)
(5)“in＋名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”。常见的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在视野范围内)等。
The book is not yet in print(＝is not yet printed).
(6)“on＋名词”结构，表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出)，on trial(受审)等。
Today some treasures are on show in the museum (＝are being showed).
(7) “out of＋名词”结构，表示“超出…… 之外”。类似的有：out of control(控制不了)，out of sight(超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach(够不着)，out of fashion(不流行)等。
The plane was out of control (＝can’t be controlled).
9．被动语态与系表结构的区别。
当“be＋过去分词”用作被动语态时，表示主语承受的动作；但用作系表结构时，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
(1)如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者时，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
The glass is broken.(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态)
(2)如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
The door is locked.(系表结构)
The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态)
(3)被动语态可用于各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be通常只有一般时态和完成时态。
The machine is being repaired.
□针对练习
Ⅰ.改写句子
在句子空白处填上适当的单词，使改写后的句子在含义上与原句相同或相近。每空限填一词。
1．The police caught the thief at the station last night.
The thief ________ ________ by the police at the station last night.
【答案】1．was caught
2．When will you hand in your homework
When _______ your homework _______ _______ _______？
3．You must finish your homework first.
Your homework ________ ________ ________ first.
【答案】2．will；be handed in 3．must be finished
4．My mother has bought me a toy car.
A toy car ________ ________ ________ ________ me by my mother.
5．Tom looks after his father very well.
His father ________ ________ ________ very well by Tom.
【答案】4．has been bought for 5．is looked after
6．I saw him cross the road just now.
He ________ ________ ________ ________ the road by me just now.
7．The workers are pulling down the old houses now.
The old houses ________ ________ ________down by the workers now.
【答案】6．was seen to cross 7．are being pulled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．If it hadn’t been for the PLA soldier，the boy ________ (drown) in the river yesterday.
2．It ________(say) that another bridge will be built over the river.
3．All kinds of trees ____________(plant) on the hill every spring so as to make the hill beautiful.
【答案】1．would have been drowned 2．is said
3．are planted
4．Good care must ______(take) of the children in our school.
5．Have you checked all the machines ________(send) to Tibet next month
6．For three hours we waited for the decision，only _______ (tell) to come again the next day.
【答案】4．be taken 5．to be sent 6．to be told
7．The building ____________(build) in our school is for our teachers.It’s to be completed by the end of next year.
8．He is said ________(treat) badly in the supermarket when he was doing his shopping yesterday.
9．A big cat was seen ________(steal) into the house from the window just now.
【答案】7．being built 8．to have been treated
9．to steal
10．A girl is heard ________(sing) in the next room at this time.
11．The boy was caught ________(cheat) in the examination last week.
12．I really hate ____________(call) a fool，especially in public.
13．It ________(report) that another new school will be set up in our city.
【答案】10．singing 11．cheating 12．being called
13．is reported
14．This kind of clothes ________(wash) easily.
15．A big fire ________(break) out in that factory last night.
16．The wall looks old and it needs ______________ (paint).
17．The president has a report ____________(type).He will need it tomorrow.
【答案】14．washes 15．broke
16．to be painted/painting 17．to be typed
18．Your car is still __________ repair.And it will be ready in fifteen minutes.
19．The film is really worth __________(see).
20．This novel is worthy of __________(read) a second time.
【答案】18．under 19．seeing 20．being read
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This ______(传闻) has been spread far and wide，making it known throughout the city.
2．It is ________(预测) that another high speed railway will go through our city.
3．You don’t have to pay for the ________(车费) because it is included in the travel price.
【答案】1．rumour 2．calculated/predicted 3．fare
4．We have a ________(每周一次的) English examination at school.
5．Everybody has to be ________(假定) innocent before he is proven guilty.
6．The _______(女主席) will pay a visit to the island country next month.
【答案】4．weekly 5．presumed 6．chairwoman
7．Many students are not aware that bread is made from ________(面粉).
8．The Children’s Palace will be the ________(活动场地) for the sports meet next week.
9．These people look so strange that many people regard them as ________(外星人).
10．His father works as a ______(售货员) in the supermarket near his home.
【答案】7．flour 8．venue 9．aliens 10．salesman
Ⅱ.短语填空
in a hurry，be aware of，be charged with，on a daily basis，be regarded as，set up，be adapted into，be admitted to，attract the attention of，be caught up
1．The writer ____________________ a representative of the youth of her generation.
【答案】1．is regarded as
2．The thief ran fast forward，but the police ran even faster and soon the thief ____________________．
3．Her dancing also ___________________________ French poets and painters of the period，for it appealed to their liking for mystery，their belief in art for art’s sake.
【答案】2．was caught up 3．attracted the attention of
4．The main reasons for city dwellers(居民) to commute ______________________ is not just for work but also for study，business，shopping and their social life.
5．His brother ____________________ Beijing University last year，of which his family was very proud.
【答案】4．on a daily basis 5．was admitted to
6．The young man ____________________ a crime and was proven guilty in the court.
7．That’s including me and that’s why I went into the subject in the first place because I __________________ how little I really know of this.
【答案】6．was charged with 7．was aware of
8．It is reported that the novel written by his father will ____________________ a film.
9．Another new school will be ______________ in our city to meet the increasing demand.
10．Mr Brown went out ________________ after he received a phone call，leaving the door open.
【答案】8．be adapted into 9．set up 10．in a hurry
Ⅲ.课文原句填空
1．Rumours are like sharp knives，________ one’s self-respect ________________．
谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。
2．Whoever _________________ a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。
【答案】1．cutting；into pieces 2．is charged with
3．She has been interviewed many times，appeared on the covers of magazines，and become the first non-human in the world ________________________ citizenship by a country.
她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。
【答案】3．to be given
4．When it comes to games，2017 became a year _________ AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that ____________ AI can win at almost everything.
当谈到游戏，2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年。人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久人工智能就会赢得几乎所有的游戏。
【答案】4．in which；it will not be long before(共92张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Period Three Using Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
B．劳动(者)；体力劳动；奋斗；努力工作
C．向后；倒着；往回
D．灯；台灯
E．随机的；不可思议的
1．The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. ( )
2．In our village，electric light has taken the place of oil lamp. ( )
3．He looked backwards over his shoulder. ( )
4．His black leather couch looks expensive. ( )
5．To attract investors，Panama has adjusted its tax and labour laws. ( )
【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．divide vt.划分；隔开；分割；[数]除vi.分裂→________ n．分开；除(法)；分隔；差异
2．urge vt.催促；大力推荐；力劝n．冲动；强烈的欲望→__________ adj.紧急的；急迫的→__________ n．紧急(的事)
3．explode vi.&vt.(使)爆炸→__________n.爆炸；爆炸声
【答案】1．division 2．urgent；urgency 3．explosion
4．mud n．泥；泥浆→__________ adj.泥泞的；多泥的
(参考：smog→smoggy)
5．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回→________ adv.向前；今后；远期
【答案】4．muddy 5．forwards
Ⅲ.预备写作素材
1．It is seven o’clock in the morning ____________________ (当我醒来时) on April 4,2040．
2．Once upon a time，a young man_____________________ (在树林里散步) when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.
【答案】1．when I wake up
2．was walking through a wood
3．Though the scientists never______________________(见过真正的外星人)，I still believe that besides human beings，life must exist in the universe.
4．When intelligent machines______________________(可以思考)，will our brain get lazy and regress
5．I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe________________ (我所看到的).
【答案】3．saw the real aliens 4．can do the thinking
5．what I had seen
6．In the future，people may______________________ (为他们的房屋供暖) with atomic power.
7．In a word，my life _______________________________ (会更加丰富多彩).
【答案】6．heat their homes
7．will be richer and more colourful
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，判断信息正误
( )1．The author pushed the panel forwards and the machine began to move.
( )2．After the Time Machine moved，time went very fast.
( )3．The author pushed the lever forwards，and the Time Machine rushed out of the laboratory.
【答案】1－3 FTF
( )4．As the speed grew higher，the walls of laboratory fell away.
( )5．It is dangerous to slow down the Time Machine.
【答案】4－5 TT
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．What happened after the author pushed the starting lever
A．Time moved very fast.
B．Everything remained the same.
C．The author was cheated.
D．The Time Machine began to shake.
【答案】A
( )2．The author’s niece didn’t see the author because ________．
A．the girl moved too fast in the lab
B．it became completely dark in the lab
C．it was already deep night at that time
D．the machine moved too fast to be seen
【答案】D
( )3．What could the author see in the fast moving Time Machine
A．Things disappearing fast in the lab.
B．Everything growing up and dying fast.
C．Dark nights and hazy buildings.
D．Tall buildings and trees.
【答案】B
( )4．What would happen if the author slowed down the machine
A．Danger would take place.
B．The machine would burn.
C．He would fall out of the machine.
D．The lab would fall down.
【答案】A
( )5．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The machine forced it to rain heavily.
B．The author returned to the real world in the end.
C．The author was afraid to return to the earth.
D．The machine was broken when it stopped.
【答案】B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
After giving the Time Machine a check up，it began to come into 1.________(operate) at ten o’clock.I sat 2.________(I) in the seat and pushed the starting lever on the panel.Time went past in the Time Machine much faster 3.________ on the land.Then，I pushed the lever forwards and found the laboratory hazy around me.
【答案】1．operation 2．myself 3．than
My niece came into the laboratory 4.________________(fetch) her handkerchief without 5.____________(see) me at all.I had a strange feeling 6.________ I had never experienced before.
7.________my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away.
【答案】4．to fetch 5．seeing 6．that/which 7．As
As a result，I had a strange urge to look at 8.________random things that were being flashed before my eyes.Then，I pulled the lever backwards hard.9.________(sudden)，the Time Machine turned over by the roadside，and then I 10.________(throw) into the open air and fell to the ground.
【答案】8．the 9．Suddenly 10．was thrown
课堂新知讲练
1．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
(P6)In sci-fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.
【翻译】在科幻小说中，机器人往往变得更优越并占据主导地位。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式，用“superior to...”表示两个事物的比较，意为“优于；比……优越”。
当superior形容人的时候，有讽刺意味，有“有优越感的；高傲的”的意思；
【用法详解】
当superior形容物的时候，用于表示其“好质量”时，稍有夸张，尤其用于广告。
(2)n.上级；较好的人(事物)；优胜者
immediate superior顶头上司
I’ll report you to your superior officer!
我要把你的情况报告给你的上司！
He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.
当他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时，傲慢地微微一笑。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)Our ________________ is our ace in the hole.
我们占优势的技术是我们手中的王牌。
(2)I will complain to your ______________ about your foolish mistake.
我将向你的顶头上司投诉你(犯的)愚蠢的错误。
【答案】(1)superior technology (2)immediate superior
(3)His works are ________________ that of others.
他的作品比其他人都做得好。
【答案】(3)superior to
take over意为“接收，接管；接任，接替”。宾语是代词时，应放在take和over中间。
take构成的其他短语：
take out带……出去；取出；拿出
take apart拆卸；拆开
take down拆除；写下；记下
【用法详解】
take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)
take it easy不要紧；放松；从容不迫
take up开始花时间从事(某项活动)；对……产生兴趣；(某事或事件)占用了(空间或时间)
take on呈现；具有(特征、外观等)；聘用；雇用；承担(责任)
take off起飞；(产品、观念等)突然大受欢迎；脱下；休假；休息；带离
Would you like me to take over the driving for a while
你愿意让我替你开一会儿车吗？
When she fell ill，her daughter took over the business from her.
当她生病的时候，她的女儿从她手中接管了公司。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Some insects take _______ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
(2)Briggs will take _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
(3)To keep healthy，Professor Johnson took ________ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
【答案】(1)on (2)over (3)up
(4)The temperature in the South Pole on Tuesday was －73°F.In such conditions，an aircraft’s fuel and even its batteries need to be warmed up before it can take ________．
(5)There was so much new information to take ______．Even remembering which uniform to wear each day was a challenge.
【答案】(4)off (5)in
3．conflict with与……冲突或抵触
(P7)A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
【翻译】在不违反第一或第二定律的前提下，机器人必须保护自己的存在。
(1)conflict n．&vi.斗争；冲突
(2)in conflict with sb./sth.与某人/某事冲突
(3)conflict用作不及物动词，意为“冲突，抵触”
conflict with sb./sth.与某人冲突；与某事相矛盾；与某人战斗
【用法详解】
Our troops conflicted with the enemies at the fortress.
我们的部队与敌人在要塞激战。
There is a conflict between what you are doing and what you want.
你所做的与你想要的之间存在冲突。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The two countries are _______________ from time to time.
这两个国家时常会发生冲突。
(2)He was wounded ________________________.
他在战斗中负伤。
【答案】(1)in conflict (2)in the conflict
(3)He’s got involved in a ________________ and he can’t get himself out of it.
他陷入一场政治斗争中，不能脱身。
(4)Your interests ______________________ mine.
你的利益和我的冲突。
【答案】(3)political conflict (4)conflict with
4．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动
vi.奋斗；努力工作
(P7)They will probably do most of our labour for us.
【翻译】他们可能会替我们做大部分的工作。
(1)labour是英式英语；美式英语是labor。
(2)manual labour(＝work using your hands) 体力劳动
labour costs人工成本
(3)the labouring class(＝the working class)工人阶级
labour for sth.为了某事而劳动
labour to do sth.为了做某事而努力工作
labour over sth.在某件事情上花费精力
labour through/up/along缓慢而艰难地前进
【用法详解】
We labour for the happiness of mankind.
我们为人类的幸福而努力。
It takes a lot of labour to build a railway.
修筑一条铁路要花费许多劳动力。
The editor laboured over the manuscript till early morning.
编辑煞费苦心地修改稿件，一直到清晨。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The price will include the ______________________.
此价格中包含人工费和材料费。
(2)The company wants to keep down _________________.
公司想缩减劳动成本。
【答案】(1)labour and materials (2)labour costs
(3)He was in his study ________________ some old papers.
他在书房里潜心研究一些旧材料。
(4)They __________________ years to buy a house.
他们为了买房努力工作了许多年。
【答案】(3)labouring over (4)laboured for
5．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
(P8)My niece came in to fetch something，maybe her handkerchief，apparently without seeing me.
【翻译】我侄女进来拿东西，也许是她的手帕，显然没有看到我。
(1)fetch a doctor去请医生
fetch sth.去取某物(回到原地)
fetch sb.sth.＝fetch sth.for sb.为某人取某物
(2)fetch用作动词时，还可意为“售得；卖得(某价)”。
【用法详解】
Could you fetch me my bag
你能帮我去取我的包吗？
The painting is expected to fetch between two and three million pounds.
预计这幅画将售得两三百万英镑。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)请把我放在桌子上的词典拿过来。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(1)Please fetch me the dictionary on the desk.
(2)要我把你的外套拿来吗？
_________________________________________________
(3)这所房子应该卖个好价钱。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(2)Shall I fetch your coat for you
(3)This house should fetch a good price.
6．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
(P8)Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day.
【翻译】黑夜来临了，就像一盏灯被熄灭了一样，又过了一会儿，白昼来临了。
turn out在本句中的意思是“吹灭，熄灭”。此外，turn out还可以表示：
(1)结果是；证明是；原来是；结果。后面常跟形容词或名词作表语。常见搭配：
turn out (to be)... 结果是……
It turns out that... 结果……
(2)出席；在场。为不及物动词短语。
【用法详解】
(3)生产；制造。为及物动词短语。
(4)使熄灭。
The lady turned out (to be) our English teacher.
那位女士原来是我们的英语老师。
It turned out that my worries were justified.
事实证明，我的担心不是多余的。
You ought to turn out the lamp before going to bed.
你在上床睡觉前要把灯熄了。
【拓展】
turn down关小；拒绝
turn into... 变成……
turn up出现；露面；调大
turn over打翻；翻身；移交
turn off关掉(电源等)
turn on打开(开关)
turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；开始从事(学习工作)；查阅；转向
He didn’t turn up at the meeting until half past ten.
直到十点半他才会来会场。
He turned down my suggestion and turned over the business to his daughter.
他拒绝了我的建议，把生意移交给了他的女儿。
[针对练习]
判断下列句子中turn out的含义
(1)Thousands of people turned out to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.________
(2)Surprisingly，the man always in a worn-out suit turned out to be a millionaire.________
【答案】(1)出席；在场 (2)结果是；证明是
(3)Millions of cars are turned out in China every year.______
单句语法填空
(4)The book turns ________ to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
【答案】(3)生产；制造 (4)out
(5)The species they indirectly attack will turn ________ top predators(捕食者).
(6)Turn ________ an online instructor for help.
(7)Mike promised to come，but I’m not sure why he hasn’t turned ________ yet.
【答案】(5)into (6)to (7)up
7．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
(P8)As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in the open air.
【翻译】随着我的脚步加快，实验室的墙壁消失了，我被留在了户外。
fall away除了表示“减少；消失”以外，还可以表示“背离，离开；疏失；抛弃；消瘦；倾斜”。
fall apart破旧；破碎；破裂；崩溃；精神崩溃
fall back后退；撤退；(价值)下降；(数量)减少
fall behind落后
fall into进入(某种状态)；开始做；参与；可分成
【用法详解】
fall off (数量)减少；(质量)下降；脱落；掉落
fall out (毛发、牙齿等)脱落；掉落；(与某人)吵架；闹翻
fall over摔倒；倒下；(计算机或程序)突然出故障；不运转
fall down突然倒下；坍塌；(想法、论点、方法等)站不住脚；说不通
fall through落空；失败；化为泡影
He will never fall away even in time of danger.
他即使在危急时刻也绝不会放弃原则。
The house looked as if it was about to fall down.
房子看起来好像就要倒塌似的。
There is still a risk that the whole deal will fall through.
整桩买卖化为泡影的风险仍然存在。
What were you doing when it started to fall apart
当它开始破裂的时候你在做什么？
They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind，just like dust.
它们就像灰尘一样从塑料物体上脱落，被风吹走。
[针对练习]
(1)Sales always ____________ in the winter months.
冬季几个月的销售额总是会下降。
(2)That wall leans so much that it _______________________ at any moment.
那堵墙倾斜得如此厉害，以至它可能随时会倒。
【答案】(1)fall off (2)might fall over
(3)But they couldn’t explain why the skin ________________ ________ as it expanded.
但是他们不能解释为什么皮肤不会在扩张时破裂。
(4)Should they ______________ in their present plans，the consequences will be fatal.
他们现在的计划一旦落空，后果将极为严重。
【答案】(3)didn’t fall apart (4)fall through
(5)Lisa stared out the window of the jumbo jet，watching the runway ____________ behind her.
丽萨正盯着一架大型喷气式客机的窗外，看着飞机跑道渐渐远去。
【答案】(5)fall away
8．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动
vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
(P8)I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
【翻译】我有一种强烈的冲动去看那些在我眼前闪现的随机事物！
urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强调某事
urge sb.into doing sth.催促某人做某事
urge that... 极力主张，that从句的谓语动词形式用“(should＋)动词原形”
【用法详解】
He urged his friends into staying in harmony.
他敦促他的朋友们和睦相处。
The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
该报告敦促所有的孩子都要学会游泳。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Motoring organisations are urging drivers ________(drive) more slowly on snowy days.
(2)The situation is dangerous，but the UN is urging caution ________ every country.
【答案】(1)to drive (2)on/upon
(3)The doctor urges every patient into ________(give) up smoking.
(4)My friends urged that I ________(apply) for the job.
【答案】 (3)giving (4)(should) apply
1．(P8)It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
【翻译】今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始了它的工作生涯。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“It was...that...”是一个常用的强调句型。在本句中，强调时间状语“at ten o’clock today”。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
“It is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”是一个常用的强调句型。被强调的部分可以是句子的主语、宾语或状语。使用强调句型时，应注意如下几点：
(1)需要强调的成分要放到is/was后面。不论被强调部分是单数还是复数，It后面的be动词都与It保持一致，用is或was。
(2)英语里常可被强调的是方式状语、地点状语或时间状语。这时，应注意不要把这个被强调部分看成定语从句的先行词，而误用where或when。
(3)“not...until...”的强调句。not和until作为固定结构使用时，往往是分开的，但是如果要强调，则会合在一起，即构成“It is/was not until...that...”，此时，主句的否定结构在强调句中要变为肯定结构。
(4)如果强调的是一般疑问句中的某个成分，则强调句也要改用相应的一般疑问句的结构“Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？”。
(5)如果要对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词进行强调，则强调句应用“特殊疑问词＋was/is it＋that＋其他？”。
(6)当被强调部分是表示人的词语时，也可用who。
It is Mike and his mother that/who are going to pay a visit to Guilin.
It is in the gym that he often plays basketball with his classmates on weekends.
It is on weekends that he often plays basketball in the gym.
It is not until midnight that his father will come back every day.
Where was it that you met Tom
[针对练习]
把下面句子的画线部分用强调句型进行强调
(1)Tom met his old school friend on the plane last week.
_________________________________________________
【答案】
(1)It was his old school friend that Tom met on the plane last week.
(2)Tom met his old school friend on the plane last week.
_________________________________________________
(3)Tom met his old school friend on the plane last week．
_________________________________________________
【答案】
(2)It was on the plane that Tom met his old school friend last week.
(3)It was last week that Tom met his old school friend on the plane.
(4)Tom met his old school friend on the plane last week.
_________________________________________________
(5)Where did you catch the bird
_________________________________________________
【答案】
(4)It was Tom who/that met his old school friend on the plane last week.
(5)Where was it that you caught the bird
2．(P8)As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in the open air.
【翻译】随着我的脚步加快，实验室的墙壁消失了，我被留在了户外。
【句式剖析】
本句中的As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。
【归纳拓展】
as是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”；with后接名词或代词，构成with短语或with的复合结构。
As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
With winter coming on，it is getting colder and colder day by day.
冬天来临了，天越来越冷。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)________ days going by，the weather turned colder.
(2)_______ we grow older，we come to learn more and more.
(3)With our food __________(run) out，we felt much worried about our future.
【答案】(1)With (2)As (3)running
3．(P8)The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky...
【翻译】太阳和月亮看起来像是被扔到了天空中一样……
【句式剖析】
本句中的as if意为“似乎，好像”，在句中作looked的表语。
【归纳拓展】
(1)as if意为“似乎，好像”，可引导表语从句或状语从句。
(2)as if从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
(3)as if从句如果表示虚拟语气，则从句的谓语动词形式用动词过去式，表示与主句谓语的动作同时发生的情况；从句的谓语动词形式用“had＋过去分词”，表示先于主句谓语的动作之前发生的动作。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
I felt as if I had made an outrageous howler.
我觉得自己似乎犯了个不可容忍的低级错误。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Li Ming is sad today.It seems as if he ________(hear) about the examination.
(2)Li Lei speaks English as if he ________(be) an American.
(3)The boy is eating in such a hurry as if he ________(eat) nothing for decades.
【答案】(1)has heard (2)were (3)had eaten
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Lily is superior _______ any other students in their lessons at school.
2．What I meant ____________(tell) you is that you have got promoted in the office.
3．His words reminded me ________ my own experiences in those difficult times.
【答案】1．to 2．to tell 3．of
4．An hour out of London the rows of houses started to fall ________ and we were surrounded by the beautiful countryside.
5．It is in the school hall ________ the speech contest will be held tomorrow.
6．The ordinary man turned ________ to be manager of the famous company in the city.
7．That young man talks as if he ________(visit) the moon.
【答案】4．away 5．that 6．out 7．had visited
8．With only one month ________(leave)，I find it difficult to finish the work.
9．____________ time goes on，more and more people come to realize the importance of knowledge.
10．When I went to the garage，my car __________ (repair). So I waited there for another hour.
【答案】8．left 9．As 10．was being repaired
Ⅱ.选词填空
pros and cons，be superior to，take over，conflict with，turn out，fall away，beside the point，draw a breath，as long as，be reminded of
1．More than 500 cars are ________ in the factory every day.
2．The old man has to ____________ his medicine every day，or he will forget it.
【答案】1．turned out 2．be reminded of
3．You will make greater progress ____________ you work hard every day in your study.
4．In order to avoid __________ their neighbour，the Smiths decided to leave the community.
5．The old manager is too old and his son will _________ the company next month.
【答案】3．as long as 4．conflicts with/conflicting with
5．take over
6．The young man ____________，gathered his strength and threw the heavy bag onto his shoulder.
7．If you want to ____________ others，you have to work harder than they do.
8．You seemed to have paid a little too much for this car.But that seems to be ________．
【答案】6．drew a breath 7．be superior to
8．beside the point
9．Everything has its ____________，as we all know.
10．In a second，the tall building ____________ just before our eyes.
【答案】9．pros and cons 10．fell away
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Tomorrow you ought to come here __________________.
明天你应当尽早来到这里。
2．At that time，he _________________________________ with that scientist.
当时，他很想和那位科学家说几句话。
【答案】1．as early as possible 2．had an urge to speak
3．Your answer is quite ________________________．
你的回答非常中肯。
4．___________ under such difficult circumstances ________ I made the decision.
正是在这样困难的情况下，我才做出这样的决定。
5．In understanding the deeper issues of habit，the superficial ones ____________ quickly.
在了解习惯的更深问题之后，表层的东西会很快消失。
【答案】3．to the point 4．It was；that 5．fall away(共54张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Period Four Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．(去)拿来；(去)请来
B．速度，步伐，节奏；确定速度；调整节奏
C．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
D．强烈的欲望；冲动；催促；力劝；大力推荐
E．爆炸；爆破
1．Most of these are probably self-explanatory(不需加以说明的)，like addition，subtraction，multiplication and division. ( )
2．I asked him to fetch me the evening paper. ( )
3．When John found he was going to be late，he stepped up his pace. ( )
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B
4．The bomb must explode within less than a millionth of a second. ( )
5．We urge Congress to increase farmland conservation. ( )
【答案】4．E 5．D
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This model ________________ its competitors technically.
这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。
2．The young man ________________ ahead of other people.
这个年轻人有一种想比别人先完成任务的冲动。
【答案】1．is superior to
2．has an urge to finish his task
3．Can you manage to______________________？
请你设法关掉电视机好不好？
4．_______________________ a man in black in the distance.
远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。
5．____________________ the film star will come to our city.
据报道那位电影明星将来我们市。
【答案】3．switch off the TV 4．There appeared
5．It is reported that
课堂新知讲练
1．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
(P10)City people are experiencing increasing psychological pressure as a result of a faster pace of life and rising competition.
【翻译】由于生活节奏的加快和竞争的加剧，城市人的心理压力越来越大。
◇词汇拓讲
pace n．(移动的)速度；步速；发生的速度；步伐；节奏；(走或跑时)迈出的一步；一步的距离；步幅
set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace 以稳定的/徐缓的/悠闲的步子出发
【用法详解】
He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn’t stand the pace.他辞去了广告业的工作，因为他忍受不了那种节奏。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The runners have to ______________________________.
赛跑者不得不加快脚步。
(2)It is difficult to keep up with the rapid _______________.
跟上迅速的变化是很困难的。
【答案】(1)speed up their pace (2)pace of change
(3)We encourage all students to work ___________________.
我们鼓励所有学生都按自己的节奏学习。
【答案】 (3)at their own pace
2．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
(P10)At one time or another，each of us probably have an urge to break the routine of daily life and try something new.
【翻译】有时，我们每个人可能都会有一个强烈的欲望：打破日常生活中的惯例，尝试一些新鲜的事情。
(1)have an urge to do sth.也可表示“强烈地想做某事；渴望做某事”。urge在此是可数名词，意为“强烈的欲望；冲动”。
(2)urge作动词时，常用于以下结构中：
urge sb.to do sth.敦促/催促某人做某事
urge that... 敦促/要求……
urge sth.upon/on sb.对某人强调某事；竭力主张某人某事
urge forwards/towards 驱赶；驱策；推进
【用法详解】
The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。
Clicking his tongue，he urged the horse forwards.
他用舌头发出咔嗒声策马前进。
We should constantly urge ourselves to study hard.
我们要经常鞭策自己努力学习。
We must urge that delegates be elected from the various factories.
我们必须强烈要求代表由各个工厂选出来。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)We cannot too strongly _____________ you the importance of this matter.
对此事，我们无论怎样向你强调其重要性都不会过分。
(2)I ________________ we take immediate action to address this issue.
我强烈要求我们立即采取行动解决这个问题。
【答案】(1)urge upon (2)urge that
(3)I ________________________________ people out when they’re in trouble.
当人们有困难的时候，我就有帮助他们的冲动。
(4)I __________________________ all of you study hard and have ambition to serve your nation.
我非常希望你们都好好学习，有为国家服务的抱负。
【答案】(3)have an urge to help (4)strongly urge that
(P10)It should be noted that the result of your examinations will not be publicised.
【翻译】应该注意的是，你的考试结果是不会公布的。
【句式剖析】
在这个句子中，It作形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)“It is＋过去分词＋主语从句”这个结构中，最常见的就是由连词that引导的主语从句。它表示一个肯定的意义或确定的内容。
(2)该结构中的过去分词通常是said，believed，known，thought，required，reported，hoped等。
(3)“It is said that...”通常译为“据说；有人说”，相当于“People say that...”，其中的It在句中作形式主语。
(4)该结构还可以改变成“Sb./sth.is said to do...”结构。注意根据动词不定式和“is said”动作之间的时间关系，使用不定式的一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)。
It is said that that strange old man is a great artist.
＝That strange old man is said to be a great artist.
据说那个怪老头是一位艺术大师。
It’s said that he has gone abroad.
＝He is said to have gone abroad.
据说他出国了。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)_______________________________(有人认为) her uncle has made great contributions to the city.
(2)Her mother _______________ (据说) to be a famous doctor in this hospital.
【答案】(1)It is believed that (2)is said
(3)Her elder brother is said ________________________(在学习) in Beijing University.
(4)A new school is reported ________________________(修建) in our town next year.
(5)Lily is believed _________________(树立) a good example to all the students.
【答案】(3)to be learning (4)to be built (5)to have set
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Father was very ________(please) to hear the good news and raised his son high up in the sky.
2．As Tom made a big mistake in his work，he ___________ (dismiss) from his work.
3．With so much work to do every day，she is suffering from huge ____________(psychology) pressure.
【答案】1．pleased 2．was dismissed 3．psychological
4．It is widely believed ________ the world is experiencing great changes throughout the world.
5．Do you know the woman who ____________(dress) in red over there
6．________ is reported that the new railway will soon be put into operation.
7．The quality of our products are clearly superior ________ other products of the same type.
【答案】4．that 5．is dressed 6．It 7．to
8．With the old man ________(lead) our way，we had no difficulty finding our way out of the forest.
9．Many students have an urge ____________(promote) their grade in every subject.
10．Such things used to take place at one city or ________．
【答案】8．leading 9．to promote 10．another
Ⅱ.短语填空
have an urge to，as a result of，switch off，a list of，make a table，pros and cons，take notes，be superior to，make a presentation，at one time or another
1．My hometown used to be a very poor village __________.
【答案】1．at one time or another
2．We ought to ________________ for our project so that we can be aware of the whole process.
3．Next week，we will ________________ of the excellent homework from the whole school.
4．Mrs Li has made ________________ the fruits which she wants to buy in the supermarket.
【答案】2．make a table 3．make a presentation
4．a list of
5．Mike ________________ all the other staffs in his office in terms of working experiences.
6．Mrs Smith ________________ all the electrical appliances before she left the office.
7．________________ the heavy rain，the whole town was flooded，causing great damage.
【答案】5．is superior to 6．switched off
7．As a result of
8．All the villagers _______________ set up a school in their village.
9．It is necessary that we weigh the ____________________ of including English words in Chinese dictionaries.
10．As students，you ought to listen to the teacher and ________________ carefully in class.
【答案】8．have an urge to 9．pros and cons
10．take notes
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．___________ this village has a history of over 1,000 years.
有人认为，这个村庄有一千多年的历史了。
2．I seemed to have met such a person __________________.
我似乎在某个地方见到过这个人。
【答案】1．It is believed that 2．at one place or another
3．You explain the __________________ of various attitudes or opinions，but you don’t side definitely with any one of them.
你解释各种态度或观点的利与弊，但你没有明确地站在其中的任何一方。
【答案】3．pros and cons
4．During the course of the meeting，please get your mobile phones __________________．
开会期间，请把你们的手机关闭。
5．This child _______________ the result of his examination.
这个孩子急于知道自己的考试结果。
【答案】4．switched off 5．has an urge to know
写作高效提升
写一篇时空旅行的小作文
动笔前，你的大体构思：___________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．I heard that Dr AI invented a machine that can travel through time and space.
2．I had a very exciting dream，in which I travelled to the year 2050，when everything is much different from what is now on the earth.
◎话题佳句
3．I，together with my friends，went to Dr AI’s invented home and begged to take a look at this magical time and space machine.
4．As a scientist，I was lucky enough to be the first person to travel in a time capsule in 2050．
5．As Dr Li pressed the 22nd-Century button，the time machine suddenly clicks.
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．When I woke up，I saw light cars all around me.
2．I looked around and saw that it was a park.
3．Li Lei and I walked up to him，took our new clothes，and put them on.Suddenly，there was a feeling of coolness around me.
4．The robot took us to the mall，and as soon as we walked through the door，we felt a refreshing breeze.
5．When we woke up and found ourselves in a beautiful big house，an aunt walked in the door and talked with us in a friendly way.
6．When I looked up，I found myself in a world of paradise.
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．The five of us sat on the time machine，pressed the “past” button，and went back to my hometown in 2021．
2．The sound of the alarm clock interrupted my dream.
3．In my dream，I went on a journey through time and space，and the scenes in my dream were so magical and wonderful.
4．I believe that in the near future，mankind will surely enter that wonderful ideal.
【写作任务】
请发挥你的想象，用英语写一篇120词左右的与时空旅行相关的小作文，描述你在未来的生活。
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
◎写作范例
【写作指导】
主题 时空旅行 体裁 说明文
人称 第一人称 时态 一般过去时、一般现在时
布局 第一段：开门见山，引出话题
第二段：详细描述事件的整个过程，包括开始、过程和结束
第三段：点题呼应
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．按；摁________________
2．按钮________________
3．时空舱________________
4．高速地________________
5．模糊的________________
【答案】1．press 2．button 3．time capsule
4．at a great/high speed 5．blurred
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．完成句子
(1)前几天，我做了一个非常激动人心的梦。
The other day，I __________________________________．
(2)在这个梦里，我穿越到了2050年。
In the dream，I ______________________ to the year 2050．
【答案】(1)had a very exciting dream (2)made a journey
(3)一瞬间，这个时空舱高速地运转起来。
________________________，the capsule moves very fast.
(4)不一会儿，我发现自己在一个有很多人的公园里。
In an instant，I find that I am in a park __________________.
【答案】(3)In an instant/a second/a moment/a while
(4)with lots of people
(5)我转过身来，看见一个年轻的女士挥手向我打招呼。
I turn around and see that a young lady is waving her hands _________________________________________________.
【答案】 (5)to greet me
2．句式升级
(6)用定语从句，把句(1)和句(2)合并成一个句子。
_________________________________________________
(7)用一个介词短语替换句(3)中的very fast。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(6)The other day，I had a very exciting dream，in which I made a journey to the year 2050．
(7)In an instant，the capsule moves at a great speed.
(8)把句(4)改写成一个简单句。
_________________________________________________
(9)把句(5)中的that从句改为简单句。
_________________________________________________
【答案】(8)In an instant，I find myself in a beautiful park with only green trees and grass.
(9)I turn around and see a young lady waving her hands to greet me.
【连句成篇】
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
One possible version：
The other day，I had a very exciting dream，in which I made a journey to the year 2050，and where everything is much different from what is now on the earth.
In my dream，I get into a time capsule and press the button Future 2050．In an instant，the capsule moves at a great speed and everything around me becomes blurred.In a little while，I find myself in a beautiful park with lots of people.As soon as I step out of my time capsule，I hear my name called.I am so surprised that in this strange world，who could have known my name.I turn around and see a young lady waving her hands to greet me.
She tells me that she was born on the earth in 1960，but she looks as if she were only in her twenties.She picks off a leaf from a tree，and soon it turns into tasty fruit.She tells me that they don’t have to work.When they feel hungry，they can turn every green plant into food，which not only feeds them up，but also keeps them healthy.
Just at this time，my alarm clock woke me up and I found myself still lying in bed.However，I’m still deeply impressed by the strange world in my dream.
我们对未来的生活都会有自己的期待。你对未来的生活有什么样的设想呢？请用英语写一篇短文，描述你未来的生活。
要求：
1．不必长篇大论，写出未来生活中的一个小片段即可。
2．词数120左右。
_________________________________________________
◎写作练笔
One possible version：
It is an average day in the year 2045．During the rush hour，I’m on my way to work in my car when there is such a heavy traffic that I just can’t move an inch forward.I get so worried and so angry that I push my horn hard.I don’t want to be late for work and be scolded by my boss.Strangely enough，a sweet voice comes out from the car，reminding me not to lose temper.
Meanwhile，I can feel my car rising up slowly higher over other vehicles.It only takes me a few minutes to get to my office.
How amazing！So a new day starts for me in this exciting way，easy and comfortable.(共17张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
美 文 导 入
素养解读：科幻小说，全称科学幻想小说(英语全称Science Fiction，简称Sci-Fi)，是科学与幻想的集体，是具备“逻辑自洽”“科学元素”“人文思考”三要素，以已知的科学知识与科技成就为基础，对未来的科学发展与科技成就进行深入推测的小说类型。对这类文章或小说的阅读可以拓展学生的思维方式，提升学生的思维品质，培养学生热爱科学、勇于探索的文化素养，有利于学生从小树立为科学事业而奋斗的雄心壮志。
H.G.威尔斯的小说《世界大战》写于一百多年前。这部小说开创了科幻小说之先河。通过对本文的阅读，同学们可以对外国文学有一些认识和了解，同时了解《世界大战》这部小说。
主题：科幻小说
学科素养：文学艺术
难度系数：★★★★
【语篇导读】地球上的国家联合起来对抗这些可怕的入侵者，但却无济于事。世界各地的城市都成了废墟，幸存者只能靠捡拾食物为生。人类能生存下去吗？叙述者和他的家人能逃脱毁灭吗？
The War of the Worlds
【1】The War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells was written more than a century ago and went on to become an iconic work in the science fiction field，creating a new kind of literature featuring alien①invaders②. It was in fact the first book to present the idea of conflict between inhabitants of different planets.
The story begins in an observatory in Ottershaw，when scientists note a series of mysterious explosions taking place on Mars.
Some days later，the narrator notices a strange cylindrical(圆柱形的) vehicle that suddenly opens to release③ a group of terrible creatures who are later discovered to be Martians.The creatures are unable to breathe the earth’s air and swiftly return to their vehicle.A peace delegation of humans tries to make contact but they’re scorched④ to death by Martian heat-ray weapons.Thus begins The War of the Worlds.The British military takes an immediate action，but their arms are defenseless against the sophisticated chemical weapons and heat-rays.
People of all races on the earth begin to unite to fight against these fearful invaders，but in vain.More and more humans are killed for lack of food and many cities turn into ruins⑤.Can the human race survive？Will the narrator and his family escape destruction
The author，H.G.Wells was a science teacher in a small village in Somerset，England.However，he was also a gifted writer.
A keen student of war and combat，he created a set of rules for playing war games with toy soldiers.Wells’ contribution to our ideas of science fiction remains unparalleled⑥ and the book has been widely filmed，staged and televised.【2】The War of the Worlds was immortalised as a Halloween prank in a radio show that aired on CBS on October 30,1938，causing widespread panic and chaos as listeners across the US tuned in and began fleeing⑦ from their homes!
○课标词汇
①alien /'e li n/ n．外国人；外星人 adj.外国的；相异的
②invader / n've d (r)/ n．侵略者
③release /r 'li s/ v．释放；放开
④scorch /sk t / vt.烧焦
⑤ruins /'ru nz/ n．遗迹；废墟
⑥unparalleled / n'p r leld/ adj.无比的；前所未有的
⑦flee /fli / vi.逃走；消失
【1】The War of the Worlds by H.G.Wells was written more than a century ago and went on to become an iconic work in the science fiction field，creating a new kind of literature featuring alien invaders.
○句型精析
分析：本句的主语The War of the Worlds后面有两个并列的谓语：“was written”和“went”。动词的-ing形式短语“creating a new kind of...”在句中作伴随状语。
译文：H.G.威尔斯的《世界大战》写于一个多世纪前，后来成为科幻小说领域的标志性作品，创造了一种以外星入侵者为主题的新型文学。
【2】The War of the Worlds was immortalised as a Halloween prank in a radio show that aired on CBS on October 30,1938，causing widespread panic and chaos as listeners across the US tuned in and began fleeing from their homes!
分析：本句的主句部分是“The War of the Worlds was immortalised”。“causing widespread panic and chaos”是动词的-ing形式短语，在句中作状语。“as listeners across the US tuned in and began fleeing from their homes”是时间状语从句。
译文：在1938年10月30日，《世界大战》作为万圣节的一个恶作剧在哥伦比亚广播公司的一个广播节目中流传了下来，引起了广泛的恐慌和混乱，美国各地的听众收听后开始逃离他们的家！
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
阅读科幻小说，了解科幻小说及西方文学艺术，并掌握一些与科技相关的词汇。
复习并掌握被动语态，在写作中正确使用被动语态。
学习科幻小说的写作，并尝试写一篇短篇科幻故事。
口语方面，学会如何转换话题。
运用所学知识，写一篇关于美术展览的海报。
听一则有关科幻故事的对话，提升听力水平。
【素养提升】
阅读科幻小说，了解西方文学，学会欣赏英语科幻故事。
通过科幻小说的阅读，培养学生热爱科学的文化素养，从小立志探索科学奥秘的献身精神。
听、说关于机器人及人工智能的话题。
尝试写一篇短篇的科幻故事。
探索科学与科幻之间的关系。
