(共28张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period One Listening and Speaking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
B．宇航员；太空人
C．精神的；思想的
D．程序；步骤；手续
1．This event tests both physical and mental endurance.( )
2．A person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well. ( )
3．An astronaut is a person who is trained for traveling in a spacecraft. ( )
4．A procedure is a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way. ( )
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智慧的；有智力的
→________ n．智慧；智力；聪明
(参考：important→importance)
2．________ adj. 精神的；思想的
→physical (反义词) adj. 体力上的；身体上的
(参考：foolish→clever)
【答案】1．intelligence 2．mental
Ⅲ．预备话题素材
1．The boy ______________ how the universe comes into existence.
这个男孩对于宇宙是如何形成的很好奇。
2．No matter __________________, he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn.
一个人无论多么聪明，如果不学习，他就会一无所知。
【答案】1．is curious about 2．how intelligent a man is
3．She was considered __________________ tennis players in the world.
她被认为是世界上最好的网球选手之一。
4．He was __________________ take up various challenges and deal with tough problems.
他足够勇敢和聪明去接受各种挑战和解决棘手的问题。
【答案】3．one of the best
4．brave and intelligent enough to
5．__________ is the teacher himself interested in classical music, __________ all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
不仅老师自己对古典音乐感兴趣，就连他所有的学生也开始对古典音乐感兴趣了。
【答案】5．Not only；but also
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
(P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
【翻译】首先，你必须足够聪明以获得相关的大学学位。
【用法详解】
(1)intelligence n．智力；才智；智慧
IQ＝intelligence quotient 智商
AI＝artificial intelligence 人工智能
(2)intelligently adv. 聪明地；明智地
The dolphin is an intelligent animal.
海豚是聪明的动物。
We should work hard and intelligently, not blindly.
我们要苦干加巧干，不要蛮干。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Did your child show high ________(intelligent) from an early age
(2)You should learn to deal with the problems between you and your classmates ________(intelligent).
【答案】(1)intelligence (2)intelligently
◇句式解读
(P38)Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
【翻译】宇航员不仅得学习如何使用太空设备，还得进行大量的心理和体能训练。
【考点提炼】本句为not only… but (also)…结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的谓语。
【归纳拓展】
(1)not only…but also…用于连接平行结构，即两个句法作用相同的单词、短语或从句，其中的also有时可以省略；
(2)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”；
(3)连接除主语以外的成分时，若not only 位于句首，后面句子需要使用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不倒装。
Not only you but also he has to attend the party.
不仅你，他也必须参加聚会。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength, ________ also develop one’s character.
(2)Not only my parents but also I ________ (be) fond of traveling around.
【答案】(1)but (2)am
句型转换
(3)It not only got us close to nature but also promoted the friendship among us.
→Not only ______________ us close to nature but also it promoted the friendship among us.
【答案】(3)did it get
语 音 时 空
□重音
一、重读音节和非重读音节
在英语中，音节按性质可分为重读音节(Stressed Syllable)和非重读音节(Unstressed Syllable)两大类。
1．重读音节：指单词中读得较重而清楚的音节，重读音节音标前常有重音符号“’”标记于相应位置(单音节词除外)。
(1)单音节单词：全都重读，如：do, go, come, buy, bus, bed。
(2)双音节单词：
名词：多数情况下重读第一个音节，如：'problem, 'paper, 'mother, 'father。
动词：常常重读第二个音节，如：a'gree, com'plain, en'joy。
(3)多音节单词：
通常重读倒数第三个音节，如：'company, 'elephant。
(4)单词后缀含字母“i”时，该词重读音节必在i前边的那个音节上，如：revo’lution, uni’versity。
2．非重读音节：指不重读、语气较弱、发音时长较短的音节。
二、句子的重音
1．功能：体现句子的节奏感和韵律感，突出重点，使听者更容易理解。
2．一般来说， 在句子中需重读的词都是实词，比如名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不需要重读的多为虚词，比如冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。如：
The ○streets are ○wide and ○clean.
I am so ○glad to ○see you again.
3．虚词需要重读的情况
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时， 应将其重读。
○You are the one who did wrong.
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
○On my ○way to ○school, my bike was broken.
(3)be动词及助动词和not结合时要重读。
○Didn’t I tell you yesterday
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
—Are you an accountant
—Yes, I ○am.
注意：上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词，第二次提到时一般不再重读。
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．将英语单词与正确的释义匹配
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．C
( )1．astronaut
( )2．procedure
( )3．mental
( )4．intelligent
( )5．gravity A．a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way
B．having a high level of mental ability so that you are good at understanding ideas and thinking quickly and clearly
C．the force that causes something to fall to the ground or to be attracted to another planet
D．a person who has been trained for traveling and working in a spacecraft
E．relating to the health or state of someone’s mind
Ⅱ．短语填空
1．____________________, could I begin with an apology for a mistake I made last week
2．She ____________________ everything, because she was on her first journey.
【答案】1．First of all 2．was curious about
graduate from, be curious about, be related to, first of all
3．When I ________________ college, I decided to become a good teacher.
4．His poor performance in the exam ________________ his carelessness.
【答案】3．graduated from 4．is related to (共68张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period Two Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．独立的；自立的
B．人类
C．有决心的；意志坚定的
D．n. 信号；标志 vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
E．失望的；沮丧的
1．As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal.( )
2．To judge from what he said, he was very disappointed. ( )
3．Pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war. ( )
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A
4．If you are determined to do something, you have made a firm decision to do it and will not let anything stop you. ( )
5．Combating(应对)climate change is an task not only for us but also for the future of mankind. ( )
【答案】4．C 5．B
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→_________ adj. 普遍的；全体的；全世界的；通用的
(参考：nature→natural)
【答案】1．universal
2．disappoint vt. 使失望→________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的
(参考：shock→shocked)
3．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→_______ adj. 渴望的；期望的
(参考：believe→believable)
【答案】2．disappointed 3．desirable
4．independent adj. 独立的；自立的→______ adv. 独立地；自立地
(参考：different→differently)
5．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定→________ n．决心
(参考：donate→donation)
【答案】4．independently 5．determination
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．He ________________ find out who is responsible for this.
他决心弄清楚谁该对此事负责。
2．She is always ________________ the school.
她总是第一个到校的。
【答案】1．is determined to
2．the first to arrive at
3．The mother ________________ find her son’s grades.
发现了儿子的成绩，妈妈很失望。
4．I used to be dependent on my parents; now I _______ _______ them.
过去我常常依赖父母；现在我独立了。
【答案】3．was disappointed to 4．am independent of
5．My roommate is thinner than before.______________ she is on a diet.
我的室友比以前瘦了，那是因为她在节食。
【答案】5．That’s because
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ．阅读课文，完成下面的思维导图
【答案】1．vehicles 2．first 3．moon 4．orbited 5．missions 6．further
Ⅱ．阅读课文，匹配段落大意
( )Paragraph 1
( )Paragraph 2
( )Paragraph 3
( )Paragraph 4
( )Paragraph 5 A．What people achieved in the past years.
B．Why people don’t stop exploring space despite risks.
C．The future exploration in space.
D．Human beings always want to explore space.
E．The achievements which China has made.
【答案】Paragraph 1—D；Paragraph 2—A; Paragraph 3—B；Paragraph 4—E; Paragraph 5—C
Ⅲ．阅读课文，判断信息正(T)误(F)
( )1．The first satellite that successfully orbited around Earth was made in America.
( )2．Yuri Gagarin was the first person in the world to go into space.
【答案】1．F 2．T
( )3．The disasters during space exploration frightened people out of exploring the space.
( )4．The International Space Station is still in space now.
( )5．China is the third country to send humans into space with the help of Russia and the US.
【答案】3．F 4．T 5．F
Ⅳ．阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．What do we know about Neil Armstrong
A．He was from the USSR.
B．He was the first person to travel in space.
C．He was in charge of launching the satellites.
D．He was the first person to walk on the moon.
【答案】1．D
( )2．Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou ________ spacecraft in ________.
A．3; 2005 B．3; 2003
C．5; 2003 D．5; 2005
【答案】2．C
( )3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．China’s space programme made great progress in a short time.
B．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR on 14 October 1957.
C．Nobody thought it possible to travel into space before the mid-20th century.
D．The International Space Station was built before American’s Challenger was launched.
【答案】3．A
( )4．Despite risks, people continue to explore space because ________.
A．we want to establish more space stations
B．we believe in the importance of space exploration
C．we can provide a continuous human presence in space
D．we plan to carry more brave people into space to earn money
【答案】4．B
( )5．What’s the attitude to the space exploration according to the author
A．Negative. B．Disappointed.
C．Objective. D．Supportive.
【答案】5．D
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
(P40)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
【翻译】然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
【用法详解】
(1)be determined to do sth 决心做某事
(2)determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
determine to do sth 决心做某事
(3)determination n．决心；坚定；决定
with determination 坚决地
We determined to fulfill the task, whatever happens.
不管发生什么，我们都决心完成任务。
I was determined to study harder.
我决定更加努力地学习。
※【拓展提升】
与be determined to do sth意义相近的短语还有：make up one’s mind to do sth, decide to do sth, make a decision to do sth等。
【语境串记】
From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination.
从他脸上坚定的表情，我们知道他决心接受这项工作，这需要极大的耐心和决心。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She is determined ________ (carry)on with her education.
(2)She gave me a________ (determine)look which said she wouldn’t change her mind.
(3)Now that you have expressed your ________ (determine), you should act.
【答案】(1)to carry (2)determined (3)determination
2．disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
(P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
【翻译】这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
【用法详解】
(1)be disappointed in/with sb 对某人失望
be disappointed at/about sth 对某事失望
be disappointed to see/hear/find…
看到/听到/发现……感到失望
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
(3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(4)disappointment n．失望
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是……
in disappointment 失望地
My parents will be disappointed in/with me if I fail in the exam.
如果我考试不及格，我父母将会对我很失望。
They were greatly disappointed at/about the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
【语境串记】
To our great disappointment, it rained every day of the trip and the roads there were in bad condition. Even worse, we were deeply disappointed to get the disappointing news that the museum was closed.
令我们大失所望的是，旅程中的每一天都在下雨，而且路况不佳。更糟糕的是，我们极为失望地得到一个令人失望的消息——博物馆关门了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)These jobs didn’t pay well, and the people felt lonely and ________ (disappoint) with their new life in the city.
(2)He was disappointed ________ (see) that she wasn’t at the party.
【答案】(1)disappointed (2)to see
(3)How________ (disappoint)! The match just began when it rained.
(4)________ my disappointment, nothing has resulted from my efforts.
【答案】(3)disappointing (4)To
3．desire n．渴望； 欲望 vt. 渴望； 期望
(P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
【翻译】这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
【用法详解】
(1)desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
(2)have a strong desire for sth 急于得到某物
have a strong desire to do sth 迫切要做某事
They desire to help those who are in need of help.
他们渴望帮助那些需要帮助的人。
She has a strong desire for knowledge.
她对知识有强烈的渴望。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He desires ________ (join) the army and devote himself to the country.
(2)Several people have expressed their strong desire ________ an early reply.
【答案】(1)to join (2)for
一句多译
所有学生都强烈地渴望上重点大学。
→(3)All the students ______________ to go to a key university.
→(4)All the students ______________ to go to to a key university.
【答案】(3)strongly desire (4)have a strong desire
4．independently adv. 独立地；自立地
(P41)China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
【翻译】在2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
【用法详解】
(1)independent adj. 独立的；自立的
be independent of sb/sth 不依赖某人/某物
(2)depend vi. 依赖；依靠
depend on/upon… 依赖……；依靠……
(3)dependent adj. 依赖的；依靠的
(4)dependence n．依靠；依赖
(5)independence n．独立；自立
He was afraid of losing his independence.
他害怕失去自己的独立性。
She is a strong-minded and independent woman.
她是一个有主见、独立的女人。
You should learn to be independent of your parents.
你应该学会不依赖父母。
How much it costs depends on how much you buy.
价钱取决于你买多少。
【语境串记】
I used to be dependent on my parents. But now I am independent of them. I can depend on myself. They are happy to see my independence.
我过去依赖父母。但是我现在独立了，能依靠自己。他们很高兴看到我的独立。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Not only my spoken English, but also my ability to live _______ (independent) has been improved a lot.
(2)All plants depend __________ the sun for their growth.
(3)Susan wanted to be independent ________ her parents.
(4)A study-abroad programme can teach students __________ (independent) and important life skills.
【答案】(1)independently (2)on (3)of (4)independence
5．carry on 继续做，坚持干
(P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
【翻译】这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【短语延伸】
carry on (with) sth 继续某事
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry out 执行；实施
carry off 夺得；赢得；巧妙应付；成功对付
We must carry on with the investigation until all the facts are found.
我们必须继续调查，直至真相大白。
Can the human race carry on expanding and growing the same way that it is now
人类能继续像目前这样扩张和增长下去吗？
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She moved the lamp nearer the bed, and carried on ________ (do) her work.
(2)All we need is enough money to carry on ________ our work.
【答案】(1)doing (2)with
(3)The college team carried ________ all the prizes of the table tennis.
(4)You should set a goal, work out a plan and carry ________ your plan step by step.
【答案】(3)off (4)out
◇句式解读
1．(P40)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
【翻译】后来，苏联专注于把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
【考点提炼】本句中的“to go into space”为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰“the first person”。
【归纳拓展】
当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，多用动词不定式作后置定语。
I am always the first person to get to the office.
我总是第一个到达办公室的人。
She was the only woman to be admitted into the key university.
她是唯一被这所重点大学录取的女性。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Columbus was the first person _______(discover) America.
(2)She is the most suitable person _______(finish) the job.
【答案】(1)to discover (2)to finish
完成句子
(3)If I have any further news, you will be _______________.
如果我有任何进一步的消息，你会是第一个得知它的人。
【答案】(3)the first person to know it
2．(P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
【翻译】这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
【考点提炼】This/That is/was because…意为“这/那就是因为……”(because引导表语从句，表示原因)。
【归纳拓展】
(1)That/It is/was why…意为“这/那是……的原因”(why引导表语从句，表示结果)。
(2)The reason why… is/was that… “……的原因是……” (why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)。
He hurt his leg. That is because he fell from a tall tree.
他的腿受伤了，那是因为他从一棵很高的树上掉下来了。
→He fell from a tall tree. That is why he hurt his leg.
→The reason why he hurt his leg is that he fell from a tall tree.
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)From space, the earth looks blue. This is __________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
(2)Tom got up late. That’s __________ he missed the school bus and was late for school.
(3)The reason __________ Alice failed in the examination was that she was too careless.
【答案】(1)because (2)why (3)why
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．It is illegal to cross the ________(国界) without permission of the government.
2．Michael did not follow the right ________(程序) in applying for a visa so he was turned down.
【答案】1．frontier 2．procedure
3．The snow________(标志着) the arrival of a front，and a high-pressure area seemed to be settling in.
4．He has a strong________(渴望) to become a pianist, so he practices playing the piano every day.
5．I was a little ________(失望的) at the quality of the products in your company.
【答案】3．signalled 4．desire 5．disappointed
6．It’s a four-wheel ________(交通工具) powered not by fuel but by electricity!
7．More satellites will be ________(发射) to help forecast the weather.
8．The amount of the rice in the pot will ________(决定) the cooking time.
【答案】6．vehicle 7．launched 8．determine
Ⅱ．短语填空
look up，focus on，in the hope of，lead to，carry on，on board，make progress，dock with
1．He was studying __________________ being admitted to an engineering college.
2．I heard someone enter the room but I did not __________________ to see who it was.
【答案】1．in the hope of 2．look up
3．It was a pity that the first attempt of the spaceship to _________________ the orbital station had failed.
4．I’d like to congratulate all of you who ________________ in the past three years.
5．The manager stated that they must __________________ improving the quality of the products.
【答案】3．dock with 4．have made progress 5．focus on
6．A pilot should be responsible for the safety of all the passengers __________________.
7．She was told that her lack of self-confidence _______ ___________ her failure to get the job.
8．Mary decided to __________________ learning Chinese until she can communicate with Chinese freely.
【答案】6．on board 7．led to 8．carry on
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．In part，____________________ working in a second language slows down the thinking.
在某种程度上，这是因为用第二语言工作会放慢思考速度。
【答案】1．this is because
2．I think __________ if you like something is by trying it.
我认为要判定你是否喜欢一件东西，唯一的办法是试一试。
3．She ______________ the marathon，no matter how difficult it was.
她已经下定决心要完成马拉松比赛，无论有多困难。
【答案】2．the only way to tell
3．was determined to finish
4．She and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to ________________________.
她和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。
5．My friend have always ___________ and care for people.
我的朋友总是有一股强烈的帮助和关心别人的愿望。
【答案】4．make sure (that) it was safe
5．had a strong desire to help (共47张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．足够的；充足的
B．设施；设备
C．回收利用；再利用
D．渴望的；热衷的
E．n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
1．Facilities are buildings, pieces of equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose. ( )
2．It is not easy to draw a conclusion without sufficient evidence. ( )
3．Lack of vitamin D may cause the illness. ( )
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E
4．You can recycle plastic bottles and cups to grow something. ( )
5．If you are keen on doing something, you want to do it very much. ( )
【答案】4．C 5．D
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用→________ adj. 可回收的；可利用的
(参考：compare→comparable)
2．current adj. 现在的；当前的→_______ adv. 目前；当下
(参考：dependent→dependently)
【答案】1．recyclable 2．currently
3．________ adj. 渴望的；热衷的→eager adj. (近义词)
(参考：beautiful→pretty)
4．________ adj. 足够的；充分的→enough adj. (近义词)
(参考：excellent→wonderful)
【答案】3．keen 4．sufficient
Ⅲ．预备语法
指出下面各句画线部分所充当的成分
1．This is the key to open the front door. ( )
2．She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. ( )
3．We were pleased to find that no one was hurt. ( )
4．There is a nurse to look after the old lady. ( )
【答案】1．定语 2．状语 3．状语 4．定语
5．Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope. ( )
6．The best way to learn English well is to practice speaking it as much as possible. ( )
7．Do you have anything more to say？ ( )
8．To catch the first bus, you must get up early. ( )
【答案】5．状语 6．定语 7．定语 8．状语
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏
(P42)Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
【翻译】由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，因此他们每天都需要锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。
【用法详解】
(1)lack vt. 没有；缺乏
lack sth. 缺少某物
(2)lack n．缺乏；短缺
lack of… 缺少……；缺乏……(后接具体的物质上的事物)
lack in缺少；在……缺乏(后接抽象事物，如品质、性质、特点等)
for lack of… 因缺少……
(3)lack作名词时，后常接介词of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语。
(4)lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
be lacking in 缺少(品质、特点等)；在……方面缺乏
Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.
由于燃料不足，那个国家的很多小厂都倒闭了。
She seemed to be lacking in frankness.
她似乎不够坦率。
【语境串记】
If the lack of money makes you lack confidence when dealing with others, you may be lacking in some important qualities and opportunities for lack of money.
如果缺钱使你与人打交道时缺乏自信，你可能会因为缺钱而失去一些重要的品质和机会。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)________ (lack)money, he had to drop out of school at an early age.
(2)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack ______ exercise.
(3)He is a boy who is lacking ________ confidence, so you should give him more encouragement.
【答案】(1)Lacking (2)of (3)in
完成句子
(4)He gave up the idea of going to America ______________ funds.
他因为资金不足而放弃了去美国的想法。
【答案】(4)for lack of
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
①Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
②On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
③First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
【我的领悟】
句①和句②中动词不定式短语在句中作________；句③中动词不定式短语在句中作________。
Keys：定语；状语
□动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式的形式及意义
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing — 不定式的动作与句中谓语动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动作之前
二、动词不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
2．不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
3．不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
4．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
※【拓展提升】不定式作定语时，若句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，则不定式使用主动式表示被动。试比较：
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么东西要买吗？
(不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？
(不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
三、动词不定式作状语
1．作目的状语
不定式作目的状语时，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.
为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
2．作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do(结果……)；enough to do(足够做)；too…to do… (太……而不能……)；so/such…as to…(如此……以至于……)。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3．作原因状语
(1)常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, happy, disappointed, excited, glad, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们震惊的是， 这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
(2)常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
□追踪练习
Ⅰ．写出画线部分所作句子成分
1．His ambition to become the world swimming champion was understandable. ____________
2．Do you have anything to be taken there ____________
3．I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ___________
【答案】1．定语 2．定语 3．结果状语
4．Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time ____________
5．In the end, he made up his mind to go by train.__________
6．All the students ran over to welcome us. ____________
7．He’s old enough to make a trip alone. ____________
【答案】4．定语 5．定语 6．目的状语 7．结果状语
8．Do you have anything to do tonight ____________
9．I’m sorry to hear that you have failed in the driving test. ____________
10．The poor often have no room to live in. ____________
【答案】8．定语 9．原因状语 10．定语
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper _____________________.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。
2．She was the first woman ______________________
the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
【答案】1．to write on 2．to win
3．She said she had no plans ____________.
她说她没有去那里的打算。
4．She is too young ________________.
她太小了不能理解它。
5．He hurried to the school, only __________ nobody there.
他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那里。
【答案】3．to go there 4．to understand it 5．to find
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．She used the ________(毛巾) thoughtfully provided by her host.
2．Lighting levels should be ________(足够的) for photography without flash.
3．He said there was no ________(缺乏) of things for them to talk about.
【答案】1．towel 2．sufficient 3．lack
4．Environment experts call on people to reuse and ________ (再利用) plastic bottles and paper.
5．The ________(设施) at the hotel，which we lived in last weekend, are fantastic.
6．He must sell the house for the ________(当前的) market value.
【答案】4．recycle 5．facilities 6．current
7．It is polite to cover your mouth and nose with ________(纸巾) in public when coughing or sneezing.
8．They will also _____(漂浮) if you drop them in the water.
9．The spacecraft will enable scientists to study some dark corners of the ________(太阳的) system.
10．Keeping your ________(肌肉) strong and in tone helps you to avoid back problems.
【答案】7．tissue 8．float 9．solar 10．muscles
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．He is always a brave man ________ (do) what he did.
2．Dr Zhong says the conference ________ (hold) in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.
【答案】1．to do 2．to be held
3．________ (ensure) your hair looks its best，pay attention to what you eat.
4．She had a strong desire ________ (travel) around the world and experience different cultures.
5．The only way ________ (settle) the problem is to turn to our professor for help.
【答案】3．To ensure 4．to travel 5．to settle
6．My grandmother’s eyesight is too poor ________ (read) these small letters.
7．He seems ________ (forget) the appointment，for he didn’t turn up as expected.
8．The news reporter hurried to the airport，only ________ (tell) that the foreign research team had left.
【答案】6．to read 7．to have forgotten 8．to be told
9．Mr. Black mentions it to us for the first time that he has a big family to provide ________.
10．It was reported that Payne was delighted ________ (add) Olympic silver to his world bronze.
【答案】9．for 10．to have added
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．Will you please bring me a chair _____________？
请给我拿把椅子坐，好吗？
2．Is there anyone _____________ the children tomorrow
明天有人来照顾这些孩子吗？
【答案】1．to sit on 2．to take care of
3．It is clear that the ability ___________ is inborn.
显然，笑的能力是与生俱来的。
4．I arrived at the library, only _________ that it was closed.
我到了图书馆，却发现它关门了。
5．I was lucky enough ___________ the last bus.
我真幸运，赶上了最后一班公共汽车。
【答案】3．to smile 4．to find 5．to catch (共47张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period Four Reading for Writing—Video Time
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．模式；图案；模范
B．论证；争辩；争论
C．定期的；经常的；正常的
D．肤浅的；浅的
E．地球；世界；地球仪
1．He’s a really successful man—you can’t argue with that. ( )
2．Generally, these fish are found in shallow waters around the coast. ( )
3．Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain. ( )
4．This plant can grow in many parts of the globe. ( )
5．A pattern is the repeated or regular way in which something happens or is done. ( )
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A
Ⅱ．预备写作素材
1．Different people have ____________ space exploration.
对于探索宇宙，不同的人有不同的观点。
2．60% of the people hold the view that __________; on the other hand, 40% think it wastes lots of time and money.
百分之六十的人认为探索太空会对我们有益，然而，另一方面，百分之四十的人认为它浪费了大量的时间和金钱。
【答案】1．different ideas about 2．exploring space will benefit us
3．I think there are many advantages in exploring space. First, it has made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Second, it made us realise that ______________________.
我认为探索宇宙有很多优点。第一，它在抗击世界性饥饿的战斗中发挥了作用；第二，它让我们认识到地球的资源是有限的。
【答案】3．our earth’s resources are limited
4．__________________, the rest of the people are against the plan because it may result in some bad effects.
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。
【答案】4．On the other hand
5．I think we should ____________________ exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。
【答案】5．spend more time and money
课堂新知讲练
1．argue vt. &vi. 论证；争辩；争论
(P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
【翻译】有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空。
◇词汇拓讲
【用法详解】
argue vt. &vi. 论证； 争辩； 争论 argue with sb about/over sth 与某人辩论某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that…主张；认为……
argument n. 论点； 争吵；争论 It is beyond argument that…无可争辩的是……
They both agreed to see a film but they argued with each other about/over which film to see.
他们俩都同意看电影，但却为看哪部电影而彼此争论。
It is beyond argument that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
无可争辩的是，近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I’m not going to argue ________ you, but I think you’re wrong.
(2)It is beyond ________ (argue) that Taiwan is an indivisible part of China.
(3)The saleswoman argued me ________ buying the car but I refused.
【答案】(1)with (2)argument (3)into
完成句子
(4)We try to _______________________ alone.
我们尽力说服她不要独自去那儿。
【答案】(4)argue her out of going there
2．limited adj. 有限的
(P44)Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
【翻译】把我们星球的照片看作是在黑暗的海洋中一个岛屿的照片，这使人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。
(1)be limited to 受限于；局限到
(2)limit n．限制；极限；界限 vt. 限制
limit…to… 把……限定在……范围内
set a limit to… 对……限定范围
(3)limitless adj. 无限的
【用法详解】
The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford.
费用不应超出你们偿还能力的限度。
They limit the speed of cars to 50 kilometres per hour on this road.
他们限定这条路的车速为每小时50千米以内。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The amount of money we have is so ________ (limit)that we can’t buy the new house.
(2)You should try to limit your speech ________ five minutes.
【答案】(1)limited (2)to
完成句子
(3)The length of the article should _______________ 400 words or so.
文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。
【答案】(3)be limited to
3．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
(P46)While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
【翻译】睡觉时，他们必须把自己绑在某样东西上，以防止四处飘浮。
(1)attach…to…把……系到/附在……上；使……和……相联系(其中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词)。
attach oneself to sb/sth 依附于某人；参加某事
attach importance/significance to… 重视……
(2)attached adj. 附属的；依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
(3)attachment n．附件；依恋；连接物；扣押财产
【用法详解】
Please attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。
You should attach much importance to your handwriting.
你应该极其重视书写。
This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)When I opened my book, I found a beautiful card ________ (attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes.
(2) They had to check the strength of the seat ________ (attach) to the floor of the plane.
【答案】(1)attached (2)attachments
(3)Natasha attached herself ________ the film crew filming at her orphanage.
(4)Parents should attach importance to ________ (develop) children’s good habits in life.
【答案】(3)to (4)developing
完成句子
(5)We should __________________ the development of economy.
我们应该重视经济发展。
【答案】(5)attach importance to
作高效提升
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．Recently the students in our class have had a heated discussion about whether…
最近，我们班的学生关于……是否……展开了热烈的讨论。
2．I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about…
我写信是为了告诉你我们关于……的讨论。
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
3．Of all students, 40% of them think…， but others do not agree.
在所有的学生中，40%的人认为……，但其他人不同意。
4．Some students are for the idea/are in favour of it/agree with it, while/but/however, others are against it/disagree with it.
一些学生赞成/同意这个想法，但是/然而，另一些学生反对/不同意。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
5．There is no doubt that…
毫无疑问……
6．Personally, I believe it is…
就我个人而言，我认为……
【写作任务】
最近， 你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据所提供的信息，写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况， 并谈谈自己的看法。
◎写作范例
内容包括：
30%的同学认为不值得探索 1．人类应该先弄明白如何解决地球上的问题；
2．宇航员探索太空太危险。
70%的同学认为值得探索 1．地球上的资源是有限的，太空探索可能会帮助解决这个问题；
2．太空探索过程中收集的数据对人类非常有用。
我的观点 ……
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
主题 有关太空探索的讨论 体裁 议论文
人称 第一、三人称 时态 一般现在时
布局 第一部分：引出话题；
第二部分：详细介绍学生的不同观点及理由；
第三部分：表达作者的观点。
【遣词造句】
(1)__________ vt. &vi. 争论；争辩
(2)__________ n．宇航员
(3)__________ n．资源
答案：(1)argue (2)astronaut (3)resource
(4)__________ adj. 有限的
(5)__________ n．数据
(6)____________ 太空探索
(7)____________ 弄懂；弄明白
答案：(4)limited (5)data (6)space exploration (7)figure out
【完成句子】
(1)Recently the students in our class have had a heated discussion on ____________________.
最近我们班就太空是否值得探索进行了热烈的讨论。
答案：(1)whether the space is worth exploring
(2)30% of us argue that it is not worthwhile ______________，and think that mankind should _______________ how to solve the problems on the earth first.
30%的人认为探索太空是不值得的，认为人类应该首先弄明白如何解决地球上的问题。
(3)In addition, it is too risky ___________________.
另外，这对宇航员来说太危险了。
答案：(2)to explore the space；figure out (3)for the astronauts
(4)However, 70% think space is worth exploring because ___________ and space exploration may help solve the problem.
然而，70%的人认为太空值得探索，因为地球上的资源有限，太空探索可能有助于解决这个问题。
(5)It can _____________ promote the development of society _______________ enrich our life.
它不仅可以促进社会的发展，而且可以丰富我们的生活。
答案：(4)the resources on the earth are limited
(5)not only；but also
【句式升级】
(6)将句(2)升级为含有现在分词作状语的句子。
_______________________________________________
答案：(6)30% of us argue that it is not worthwhile to explore the space, thinking that mankind should figure out how to solve the problems on the earth first.
(7)将句(5)升级为倒装句。
_______________________________________________
答案：(7)Not only can it promote the development of society but also it can enrich our life.
【连句成篇】
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Recently the students in our class have had a heated discussion on whether the space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.
30% of us argue that it is not worthwhile to explore the space, thinking that mankind should figure out how to solve the problems on the earth first. In addition, it is too risky for the astronauts.
However, 70% think space is worth exploring because the resources on the earth are limited and space exploration may help solve the problem. Besides, the data collected during the space exploration are of great benefit to human beings.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also it can enrich our life.
(2023吉林长春高一下学期期末)最近，你们班在英语课上就“海外研学是否值得”这一话题展开了讨论。请根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况并谈谈自己的看法。
◎写作练笔
赞成：55% 拓宽视野；提高外语能力
反对：45% 增加花销；占用学习时间
你的看法 ……
参考词汇：海外研学overseas study tours
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Recently we have a discussion on whether it is worth going on overseas study tours.
About 55 percent of the students are in favour of overseas study tours. Through them, students’ horizons can be broadened and their foreign language ability can be improved.
However, 45 percent of students do not think so. They hold the view that overseas study tours increase the cost and occupy their time when they should have studied at school.
As far as I am concerned, overseas study tours may be the motivation for me to study harder. It is a good opportunity for me to open my mind up and have a better understanding of foreign cultures.(共15张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
美 文 导 入
素养解读：本单元隶属于“人与自然”主题语境下“宇宙探索”主题群。通过本单元的学习，学生应了解人类不断探索太空的历史，熟知太空探索史上具有划时代意义的重大历史事件，学习从事太空探索的科学家和航天英雄们在探索太空奥秘过程中不畏艰难、勇于奋斗、甘于奉献的精神，从而增强探索精神和谋求人类和平与发展的意识。
主题：太空探索
学科素养：人与自然
难度系数：★★★
China’s ZhuQue-2 has become the world’s first rocket using methalox(液氧甲烷) as a propellant(推进剂) to successfully fly into orbit，marking a major breakthrough in the cutting-edge technology previously dominated by the US’ SpaceX and Blue Origin.
Code name “ZQ-2 Y2”，the rocket is the second in series and it was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in the Gobi Desert in northwestern China. The success of this mission has verified(证实) the various schemes of this rocket，and laid a solid foundation for the development of the reusable rockets in the next stage.
According to its developer，LANDSPACE, a Chinese private space launch provider, the rocket uses liquid methane as a fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer(助氧剂). They are reusable, non?toxic and powerful, and central to the reusable rocket. The carrier rocket has a two-stage configuration, a diametre of 3．35 metres, a height of 49．5 metres, a take-off thrust of 268 tons. This is the second test flight of ZhuQue-2 after the failure of its first in December last year.
The corporation took a number of improvement measures and verified their effectiveness through stimulation, ground tests and engine tests. Everyone at the site was so excited and happy.
LANDSPACE said，after success of the test flight，they will further optimize(优化) the rocket，accumulate experiences for the reliability and safety，and laid a foundation to provide low-cost and high-performance products for the market.
previously /'pri vi sli / adv. 先前地；之前
launch /l nt / vt. 发射
mission /'m n/ n. 飞行任务；使命
solid /'s l d/ adj. 牢固的；固体的
flight /fla t/ n. 飞行；航班
reliability /r la 'b l ti/ n. 可靠性；可信度
○课标词汇
a major breakthrough 一项重大突破
lay a solid foundation 打下坚实的基础
according to 根据
a number of 大量的；许多的
at the site 在现场
○重要短语
China’s ZhuQue-2 has become the world’s first rocket using methalox(液氧甲烷) as a propellant(推进剂) to successfully fly into orbit，marking a major breakthrough in the cutting-edge technology previously dominated by the US’ SpaceX and Blue Origin.
○句型精析
分析：该句为复合句。“marking…Blue Origin”为动词-ing形式作结果状语，“dominated by the US’ SpaceX and Blue Origin”为动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语the cutting-edge technology。
译文：中国朱雀二号成为全球首款成功入轨飞行的液氧甲烷火箭，标志着我国在此前由美国SpaceX和蓝色起源为主导的尖端技术上取得了重大突破。
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
掌握动词不定式作定语和状语；
掌握本单元的关于天文知识的词汇及相关语法；
写一篇正反观点类的议论文。
【素养提升】
了解星系的科学、生命的起源、太空旅行和重力；
了解世界太空探索史的发展，以及科技的发展对现实生活的影响；
增强天文学知识的理解，并了解人类太空探索所面临的困难。
