UNIT 4 Period One
基础练
Ⅰ． 单词拼写
1．There is some confusion about what the right ________(程序) should be.
2．________(聪明的) people can often simplify the complex things while a fool is more likely to complicate the simple things.
3．If you drop something, the force of _____________(引力) will pull it to the floor.
4．The pressure while working can affect the physical and ________(精神的) health of the workers.
【答案】1．procedure 2．Intelligent 3．gravity 4．mental
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Not only Tom but also his sister ________(like) learning Chinese.
2．Children should be taught how ________(use) electricity safely.
3．It has been proved that mental health is related ________ physical health.
4．You’re old enough ________(travel) on the train by yourself.
5．In my opinion, ________ (climb) up to the top of the mountain is too difficult for her.
【答案】1．likes 2．to use 3．to 4．to travel 5．climbing
Ⅲ．短语填空
first of all, be curious about, graduate from, be related to, hard enough
1．I believe you can achieve anything if you work ____________ to get it.
2．____________, we must find out who took away the secret documents.
3．About 8 million students in China will ____________ high school this year.
4．When children reach a certain age, they will ____________ something.
【答案】1．hard enough 2．First of all
3．graduate from 4．be curious about
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．The head teacher should grasp the ________ changes of students at any time.
班主任应随时掌握学生的思想变化。
2．The little boy is __________________ to make electric toys.
这个男孩足够聪明，能做电动玩具。
3．In my opinion, it is necessary to ________ football ________ classes.
在我看来，参加足球训练课是必要的。
4．Please introduce your __________________ and working experience.
请介绍你的教育背景和工作经验。
【答案】1．mental 2．intelligent enough
3．attend; training 4．education background
提升练
Ⅰ． 阅读理解
In America，we often regard Sally Ride as the first female astronaut. But the first woman in space is actually a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963 — twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight.
There was nothing in Valentina Tereshkova’s early life that showed she would become a space pioneer. Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family. She seemed to follow her mother’s footsteps as a textile factory worker，except one interest：skydiving. By the time she was 22，she was jumping out of a plane pretty regularly, and then came the space race.
By 1962，the competition to get into space had been starting between the Soviet Union and the United States for about seven years. The two countries，in an effort to do better than the other in exploring space，had each launched men into space.
During the space race，the Soviet Union and the US constantly tried to be better. After putting a man in space，the obvious next step was to send a woman into space. The Soviet Union’s lead spacecraft designer，Sergey Korolyov，is said to have been helpful in the decision. There are rumors(传言) that the Soviet Union knew that the USA was planning to send a woman to space and wanted to beat the Americans.
Inspired by Gagarin’s flight，Tereshkova wrote to the Soviet authorities (当局) hoping for any future training programme for female astronauts. The authorities answered and in early 1962 she became one of just five women accepted for astronaut training. On June 16,1963，Tereshkova took off，eventually circling the Earth 48 times over the course of almost three days and securing her place in history as the first woman to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.
( )1．When did Sally Ride go into space
A．In 1963． B．In 1973．
C．In 1983． D．In 1993．
( )2．Why did Tereshkova choose to be a textile factory worker
A．Because she thought highly of her mother.
B．Because she had to give a hand to her family.
C．Because she wanted to save money for the space race.
D．Because she was allowed to do skydiving.
( )3．What can be learned according to the fourth paragraph
A．The USA did better in space exploration.
B．Tereshkova stood out because of competition.
C．It was dangerous to send a woman into space.
D．Sergey Korolyov stole secrets from the US.
( )4．What did Tereshkova do on knowing a woman to be sent to space
A．She suggested some training programmes for women.
B．She refused the Soviet authorities’ invitation.
C．She introduced herself to the training programme.
D．She announced she would be the first woman in space.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了世界上第一位女航天员——前苏联的瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a Soviet astronaut…took her historic spaceflight”可知，瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃在1963年进入太空，20年后，美国女宇航员莎莉·赖德成功进入太空。故选C。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family. ”可知，她做纺织女工是为了帮助养家。故选B。
3．B 推理判断题。第四段主要讲述了前苏联和美国在太空探索方面的竞争。正是因为他们的竞争，前苏联才决定女性进入太空。因此Tereshkova才有了脱颖而出的机会。故选B。
4．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃受加加林的鼓舞，给前苏联当局写信希望参加未来女宇航员的训练。故选C。
阅读加油站
regard vt. 看待；把……看作
applicant n．申请人
get into space进入太空
in an effort to do… 努力做……
take off起飞
There was nothing in Valentina Tereshkova’s early life that showed she would become a space pioneer.
在瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃的早期生活中，没有任何迹象表明她会成为太空先驱。
Ⅱ．语法填空
“Why are you unwilling to accept this opportunity in space Have you read the 1. ________(describe) carefully？” Wang Ping asked 2. ________(I). “You will live in a 3. ________ (furnish) house with all modern equipment and robots will be able to clarify any problems. You are only needed to become familiar with the administration and rules for such a project. It will be an 4. ________ (enjoy) experience for you. ”
Many people need to be reminded of the job opportunities in space stations, which 5. ________(constant) need space cooks, cleaners, teachers, stewards (乘务员) and stewardesses. You can be swiftly trained for your new job from using previous skills. At first, people may find it difficult 6. ________ (tolerate) the new surroundings. However, they will be able to overcome the difficulties if their families encourage them to take 7. ________ the job. There are lots of advantages 8. ________ come from a period of time in space. But for health reasons only one stay of three years 9. ________ (allow), because 10. ________ link between illness and length of stay may be strong. It is a little disappointing, but the rules cannot be changed for anyone.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空中有许多工作需求。
1．description 考查名词。句意：你已经仔细阅读描述了吗？本空在句中作宾语，故应填名词description “描述”。
2．me 考查代词。本空在句中作宾语，故应填其宾格形式。
3．furnished 考查过去分词。句意：你将住在用现代设备装备的房子里，机器人将能够解决任何问题。本空修饰名词house，动词furnish和被修饰词house之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故本空应填过去分词furnished作前置定语。
4．enjoyable 考查形容词。句意：对你来说这将是一次快乐的经历。本空修饰名词experience，故应填形容词enjoyable。
5．constantly 考查副词。句意：需要提醒许多人在空间站有工作机会，这儿经常需要太空厨师、清洁工、教师、乘务员。本空修饰动词need，故应填副词constantly。
6．to tolerate 考查动词不定式。句意：起初人们可能发现很难忍受新的环境。本句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式 “to tolerate the new surroundings”为真正的宾语。
7．up 考查介词。句意：如果他们的家庭鼓励他们从事这份工作，他们将能克服困难。take up意为“从事”，为固定短语，故本空应填介词up。
8．that/which 考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词advantages，关系词在从句中作主语指物，故本空应填关系代词that/which。
9．is allowed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：因为健康原因，只允许停留三年。全文基本时态为一般现在时，且主语one stay of three years与allow之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。主语为单数，被动语态的be动词用is。
10．the 考查冠词。句意：因为疾病和停留的长久之间的关联性可能很强。此处表示特指，故应填the。
Ⅲ．应用文写作
(2023云南昆明高一统考期末)假如你是李华，你校将举办主题为“Approaching Space”中国航天航空展览。请你写一封信给你校的交换生Johnson，邀请他来参加展览。
内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．内容和意义。
注意：
1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Johnson，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Johnson，
Organized carefully by our school, the exhibition themed Approaching Space will be held in our school gym at 9∶00 a. m. next Sunday. I’m writing with excitement to invite you to come here.
During the three hours, you will learn about this field by acquiring the knowledge of space exploration and experiencing the latest space applications used in life. Besides, it is a good chance for you to attend the lectures given by some space experts, during which you can feel the greatness of space scientists.
I wish you could join us!
Yours，
Li HuaUNIT 4 Period Two
基础练
Ⅰ． 单句语法填空
1．We are determined ________ (get) the work done before New Year’s Day.
2．His new book ________ (launch) last month with an initial print run of 7,000 copies.
3．It is well known that the moon ________ (orbit) around the earth.
4．In any event, we should carry on ________ (do) our research.
5．He felt ________ (disappoint) at the result but he tried to put on a brave face.
6．She is tired of the busy city life and desires ________ (go) back to the countryside.
7．When all passengers were ________ board, the train pulled out of the station.
8．We came to this small town in the hope ________ living a simple life.
9．My teacher always stresses the importance of thinking ________ (independent).
10．One should learn from past mistakes so as ________ (avoid) falling into the same old trap again.
【答案】1．to get 2．was launched 3．orbits 4．doing 5．disappointed
6．to go 7．on 8．of 9．independently 10．to avoid
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．Even though she passed away, her daughter, Lorraine, ________________ her dream.
尽管她已经不在了，她的女儿洛林还在继续她的梦想。
2．He didn’t get the job. ________________________ he was late for the interview.
他没有得到那份工作，那是因为他面试迟到了。
3．“We spent the last two nights ________________ getting drunk with the crew，” he explains.
“最后两个夜晚，我们和甲板上的船员们喝得酩酊大醉，”他解释说。
4．They moved to Beijing ________________________________ getting better treatment.
他们搬到了北京，希望能在那里得到更好的治疗。
5．We arrived early at the theatre ________________________ occupy the front seats.
我们早早来到剧院，以便捷足先登占到前排座位。
6．She always makes all kinds of excuses when things ____________.
当事情出错时，她总是找各种借口。
【答案】1．carried on 2．That was because 3．on board
4．in the hope of 5．so as to 6．go wrong
提升练
Ⅰ． 阅读理解
Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way(银河系) While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach your destination. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut eyes. They would have to sleep for years.
European researchers are now conducting hibernation(冬眠) experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space-flight to distant planets. “If there was an effective technology, it could make deep space travel a reality，” said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month.
What seems like a science fiction is not completely unlikely. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don’t age. They have now moved on to the small, non-hibernating mammals(哺乳动物) like rats.
A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex. “It’s like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer，” said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy’s University of Pavia. Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism(新陈代谢) to lower so they would need less energy.
Medical research, however, is just half of a space-flight hibernation system. There is a challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter. Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator.
According to Ayre, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission(使命) to Jupiter’s moon(木星的卫星), Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six persons on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045．
( )1．What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to
A．Astronauts. B．European researchers.
C．Hibernation experiments. D．Six persons.
( )2．According to the article, the hibernation research ________.
A．has made some progress
B．is always a science fiction
C．has already finished successfully
D．is just an idea
( )3．In a hibernating state, a person needs ________.
A．less sleep B．more food
C．more movement D．less energy
( )4．What is the best title of the article
A．Welcome to our space travel
B．Hibernation study for space travel
C．To hibernate, to live longer
D．Welcome to the Milky Way
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了星际探索固然重要，可是怎样打发漫漫旅途呢？别急，人类“冬眠”技术让你一觉睡到目的地。
1．B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前句 “European researchers are now conducting hibernation(冬眠) experiments. ”可知，画线词them指代上句中的“European researchers”。故选B项。
2．A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don’t age. They have now moved on to the small, non-hibernating mammals(哺乳动物) like rats. ”可知，研究人员已经能够使用化学物质让活的细胞处于一种类似睡眠的状态，这说明实验研究已经取得了一些进展。故选A项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism(新陈代谢)to lower so they would need less energy. ”可知，冬眠会降低新陈代谢，这样的话人体所需的能量就会减少。故选D项。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut eyes. They would have to sleep for years. ”及第二段中 “European researchers are now conducting hibernation(冬眠)experiments. ”可知，本文主要介绍了太空旅行中的冬眠研究。故选B项。
Ⅱ．七选五
(2023辽宁沈阳高一统考阶段练习)Countries around the world are spending plenty of dollars and lots of time on various space tasks. __1__ Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
__2__ It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now move around Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. __3__ After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.
Space exploration has already enhanced technological improvements that benefit us all high-end products around the world are made to a higher standard. Today space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries. __4__
Sending astronauts into space has helped people think about the world’s problems and find ways to solve them. Our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for the rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. __5__ In the future, humans may live on both planets.
Exploring space benefits us so much. So it should be continued so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
A．Then the data is sent to scientists on Earth.
B．Exploring space brings many difficulties to the world.
C．Some people think we should realise how exploring space helps us.
D．The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.
E．Some people argue we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
F．Exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
G．Smart watches, memory pillows，smart phone cameras and so on are changing our lives.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索给人类生活带来的益处。
1．E 上文“Countries…space tasks(全球各国在各种太空任务上花费了大量的金钱和时间). ”提到各国花费巨资于太空任务。E项“有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空。”承接上文，对此提出异议。同时引出下文“Instead, we should…problems(相反，我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并立即找到解决其他问题的办法). ”。故选E项。
2．F 根据本段中的“It has directly resulted in … weather patterns(它直接导致了现在围绕地球运行的许多卫星的出现。许多卫星记录陆地和天气模式的数据). ”和“After careful analysis…advice for farmers(经过仔细分析，科学家可以为农民提供有用的推荐和建议). ”可知，本段主要讲的是探索太空在对抗世界饥饿的战争中发挥了作用。F项“探索太空已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。”能概括段落主题。故选F项。
3．A 上文“A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns”提到卫星记录陆地和天气模式的数据。A项“然后将数据发送给地球上的科学家。”承接上文，说明数据的去向。句中的“data”是线索词。故选A项。
4．G 上文“Today space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries(如今，空间技术被广泛应用于各行各业). ”提到空间技术的广泛应用。G项“智能手表、记忆枕头、智能手机摄像头等等正在改变我们的生活。”举例说明空间技术在具体领域的运用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
5．D 上文“scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home(科学家们正在努力寻找有一天会成为我们新家的其他星球)”提到寻找新家园的太空任务。D项“目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球更近。”承接上文，介绍这一任务的最新情况。同时，D项中的“Mars”和“Earth”与下文中的“both planets”相呼应。故选D项。UNIT 4 Period Three
基础练
Ⅰ． 单句语法填空
1．I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch).
2．We came home after our holiday, only ________ (find) our house stolen.
3．The airport ____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
4．________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.
5．Tu Youyou became the first Chinese scientist ________ (win) the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
6．Women and children were the first _______ (get) into the lifeboats.
【答案】1．to catch 2．to find 3．to be completed 4．To save 5．to win 6．to get
Ⅱ．短语填空
stay healthy，so as to，under control，can’t wait to, figure out，give up
1．Have you____________ why she didn’t invite you to her birthday party
2．Doctors examine their patients thoroughly ____________ make a correct diagnosis.
3．The driver tried to keep the car________, but he failed and it crashed into a tree.
4．We cannot work all the time if we are going to__________ and enjoy life.
5．The doctor told him to ____________ smoking for the sake of his health.
6．We ____________ share what we have learned with you!
【答案】1．figured out 2．so as to 3．under control 4．stay healthy
5．give up 6．can’t wait to
Ⅲ．对话填空
J＝Jennifer A＝Aron
A: I have something good 1. ________ (tell) you, Jennifer.
J: What’s it
A: After trying my best, I get a chance 2. __________ (have) a ten-day paid leave!
J: Wow! How I envy you! Do you have any plans
A: Paris is a good place 3. __________ (go) sightseeing.
J: You can take the chance 4. __________ (travel) around Europe. After traveling to France, you can have a tour of Switzerland by train.
A: It’s a good idea, but I think the best way 5. __________ (get) there is by plane.
【答案】1．to tell 2．to have 3．to go 4．to travel 5．to get
提升练
Ⅰ． 语法填空
(2023河北承德高一下学期期末)The three astronauts, 1. ________ played a key role in completing the Tiangong space station, shared their experiences and feelings with 2. ________ public on Friday in the first news conference after their orbital journey.
3. ________ (speak) at the meeting with reporters, the mission commander Chen Dong said that every day they 4. ________ (arrange) for a lot of work by the authority to prepare for and monitor the 5. ________ (arrive) of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules(舱), and conducting a science lecture for students.
Chen recalled that he and his teammates met their fellow astronauts in the Shenzhou XV flight inside the Tiangong station. “We had paid much attention 6. ________ the news about the Shenzhou XV mission and the astronauts several days before they set out. When their spacecraft was 7. ________ (actual) launched, we were watching the live broadcast and we were so happy that we kept clapping our 8. ________ (hand) for a long time. ”
In the hours before their spacecraft arrived at the station, Chen and his teammates were supposed to have a sleep but none of them really went to bed because they were too 9. ________ (excite) to feel sleepy. The moment Chen was about 10. ________ (open) the hatch(舱门) after their spacecraft connected with the space station, he saw them through the window and he waved his hand to welcome them back. It was the first time that six Chinese had been in a space station at the same time.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了天宫空间站的三名宇航员召开了新闻发布会，指令长陈冬回忆了他们在空间站的日常工作以及神州十五号飞船与空间站接轨的过程。
1．who 考查定语从句。句意：这三名宇航员在完成天宫空间站任务中发挥了关键作用，他们在完成轨道之旅后，于周五在第一次新闻发布会上与公众分享了他们的经历和感受。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词“The three astronauts”在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
2．the 考查冠词。句意：同上题。the public意为“公众”，是固定搭配。故填the。
3．Speaking 考查动词-ing形式。句意：指令长陈冬在会见记者时说，当局每天都安排他们做大量工作，为问天和梦天实验舱的到来作准备并进行监视，还为学生们举办科学讲座。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语said，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语Chen Dong和speak之间是逻辑主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式，在句中作伴随状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Speaking。
4．were arranged 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：同上题。分析句子结构可知，空处作that宾语从句的谓语。根据句意和主句的谓语said，可知这里是在回忆过去的事情，应用一般过去时。从句主语为they是复数，且和从句谓语动词arrange之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词应用were。故填were arranged。
5．arrival 考查名词。句意：同第3题。根据空前的“monitor the”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。arrive的名词形式为arrival，意为“到来”，是不可数名词。故填arrival。
6．to 考查介词。句意：在他们出发的前几天，我们就非常关注有关神舟十五号飞行任务和航天员的消息。pay attention to意为“关注，注意”，是固定搭配。故填to。
7．actually 考查副词。句意：当他们的飞船真正发射时，我们正在观看直播，我们非常高兴，以至于不停地拍手。根据空后的动词launched可知，此处应用副词，在句中作状语。故填actually。
8．hands 考查名词复数。句意：同上题。hand是可数名词，根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填hands。
9．excited 考查动词-ed形式。句意：在飞船抵达空间站前的几个小时里，陈冬和他的队友们本应睡一觉，但他们都没有真正上床睡觉，因为他们太兴奋了，没有睡意。主语为they，指人，所以此处应用动词-ed形式； excited意为“兴奋的”。故填excited。
10．to open 考查动词不定式。句意：当他们的飞船与空间站连接后，陈冬正要打开舱门时，他透过窗户看到了他们，并挥手欢迎他们回来。be about to do sth意为“正要做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to open。
Ⅱ．读后续写
(2023安徽黄山高一下学期期末)“Jane! Look who I brought home！” My father stuck his head out from behind the door, flashing a big smile. My heart skipped a beat as I mouthed, “A dog？” Nodding, my father pushed the door open, revealing a large German Shepherd. I grasped my hands tightly over my mouth and failed to hold back a sharp scream. Rushing back into my room, I locked the door and covered the gap between it and the floor with tape. I had a strong fear and great hate of dogs ever since I was bitten by one badly on the face, leaving a huge and deep scar(伤疤). I decided to stay in my room until the dog had gone for a walk with my father.
After what seemed like ages, I heard the door open and shut. “Finally! I can get out of here，” I thought. Out of great joy, I threw open the door and punched(用拳猛击) the air. At that moment, I felt something wet touching my foot. To my shock, it was the dog! I stood there, scared and shocked as if my feet were rooted to the ground. When I regained my calmness, I shouted loudly, “Ahhh! It is the dog! Help! He wants to bite me! Get him away from me！”
My father was standing at the door, folding his arms and laughing quietly. “He is not going to eat you! Jane, don’t be so scared. Go on! Touch him！” he said. Attempting to show my unwillingness, I failed to do so due to my constant and uncontrollable shaking. Instead, I shouted loudly, “Never! I will never touch that dirty thing! Go away！” I picked up a tennis ball on the table and aimed at the dog but missed, causing the ball to roll across the living room.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
The dog barked excitedly before running across the room to fetch the ball and bring it back to me. ______________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The dog barked excitedly before running across the room to fetch the ball and bring it back to me._ I was about to open my mouth to say “So cute”， but I resisted the urge and shouted, “Stupid dog! That is my favourite tennis ball and you just covered it with your mouth liquid! You stupid dog！” Unfortunately, the look on my face sold me out. I was laughing, my eyes lit up and I started to pet the dog. He was just so cute and lovable, and began to lie on his stomach beside my feet, enjoying my touch with his eyes slightly closed.
The following day, gathering my courage, I decided to follow my father when he took the dog out for a walk. ________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The following day, gathering my courage, I decided to follow my father when he took the dog out for a walk._ Filled with joy and enthusiasm, I opened the gate. Just as I put one foot outside the gate, suddenly, deep barks sounded from up ahead. At the sight of several dogs wandering there, I stopped with my legs trembling! All at once, my dog violently barked back, causing the dogs to flee away. I regained my calmness, smiled and praised my dog. We three walked on, breathing the sweet air. From that day on, I overcame my problem — my fear of dogs.UNIT 4 Period Four
基础练
Ⅰ． 单词拼写
1．I will not ________(争论) over the matter with you any more.
2．He made a very thorough ________(分析) on the situation.
3．I find it really hard to drag myself out and exercise ________(定期).
4．It was fortunate that the water was ______(浅的).
5．Our country has a large population, with vast territory and rich ________(资源).
6．Time is ________(有限的) so all of us must hurry up if we don’t want to be late.
7．I will ________(贴) a copy of my notes for your information.
8．The details of today’s flights are displayed on the ________(显示器).
【答案】1．argue 2．analysis 3．regularly 4．shallow
5．resources 6．limited 7．attach 8．monitor
Ⅱ．短语填空
as a result, in closing, make a difference, be supposed to, result in, run out
1．Every effort you are making now can really __________ to your future.
2．You ____________ arrive before 8 o’clock on Monday morning.
3．They had to stop because the petrol had __________.
4．His car alarm had been going off for two days and, ____________, the battery was flat.
5．__________, I want to thank all our sponsors and supporters for what they have done for us.
6．As is known to all, hard work __________success.
【答案】1．make a difference 2．are supposed to 3．run out
4．as a result 5．In closing 6．results in
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．My elder sister sent me an email last night with a photo ________________ it.
昨晚我姐姐给我发了一份邮件，里面附有一张照片。
2．They wasted a lot of time ______________________ the matter.
他们争论这件事情浪费了很多时间。
3．After ________________ his homework, he went shopping with his mother.
完成作业后，他和妈妈去购物了。
4．I am not sure _________________________________________.
我不确定他是否会离开。
5．Eating too much meat can __________________ physical changes, such as getting fat.
吃肉过多会导致身体变化，比如发胖。
6．This invention can ______________________ to at least the mid-nineteenth century.
这项发明至少可以追溯到19世纪中叶。
【答案】1．attached to 2．arguing about 3．having finished
4．whether he will leave or not 5．result in 6．date back
提升练
Ⅰ． 七选五
Fly a kite
Learning how to fly a kite is simple and flying kites can be a fun form of exercise.
Of course, the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线). __1__ Then wait for a windy day.
When the perfect day arrives, find an open space, such as the field. __2__
Before flying your kite, find out which way the wind is blowing. __3__ To begin flying your kite, stand with your back to the wind and hold the kite up so the wind can catch it. If the day is not very windy, you may need to get your kite started by running.
__4__ At the same time, walk backwards a few steps to keep the string tight. Now that your kite is up in the air, you can decide how long to fly it and how high you want it to go.
__5__ Slowly wind up(卷起) the string. Try not to pull your kite in too fast or it may crash(坠落).
Flying kite is a great way to spend a windy afternoon. If you follow these steps carefully, you will have something more fun to do than sitting inside and watching TV. So on the next windy day, get up off the sofa. Go fly a kite!
A．You can do this by throwing grass into the air.
B．Finally, you will need to bring your kite down.
C．You can buy your kite and string at a toy shop.
D．Follow the instructions to put your kite together.
E．Nothing beats seeing a kite sail high into the clouds.
F．Don’t fly your kite near trees because it can get caught.
G．Once the wind catches your kite, let out more string so it can climb higher.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了放风筝的准备事项与步骤。
1．C 空格前一句句意为：第一件事情你需要准备一个风筝和一卷线。C项中的“kite and string(风筝和线)”与上句中的 “a kite and a ball of string(线)”完全呼应，并且人称也都使用的第二人称。故选C项。
2．F 空格前一句句意为：当有合适的天气的时候，找一块空地，比如田野。这一段主要论述放风筝的地点。F项(不要在靠近树的地方放风筝，以免被挂住)也是讲述放风筝的地点，与本段中心一致。故选F项。
3．A 空格前一句句意为：在放风筝前，先确定风向哪个方向吹。A项(你可以通过把草扔向空中的办法来确定)与上句意思一致。This与上句中的 “find out which way”相呼应。故选A项。
4．G 空格后句意为：同时，往后走几步保持风筝线是直的。由此可知，这段话是讲述放风筝的过程。G项(一旦风筝飞起来，放更多的线让它爬得更高)中的 “let out more string”与 “keep the string tight”意思一致。故选G项。
5．B 空格后句意为：慢慢地卷起线。由此可知，这句话是放完风筝后收线。B项(最后，你需要把风筝放下来)与段落内容一致。故选B项。
Ⅱ．完形填空
As a banker, Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to rural Pittstown, New Jersey, seven years ago. __1__ by farms, he quickly became interested in growing vegetables and rented a 30-by-30-foot land. One weekend, he __2__ tomatoes, potatoes and eggplants — enough to feed his family for the summer.
He ended up with so much __3__ that he couldn’t give it away. Thus he found a local food __4__, and by the time he delivered his last harvest, he had __5__ 120 pounds of fresh vegetables.
The following year, with a handful of __6__ from his church and a memorable name “America’s Grow-a-Row”， Paillex planted, __7__, and harvested 2,500 pounds of vegetables, all of which he donated to food banks. Later he had more volunteers, rented more land and donated more vegetables.
Paillex also __8__ local school kids. On a __9__Friday morning in May, 40 third and fifth graders trooped onto a freshly plowed field, each __10__ with a spade. Squatting or kneeling in teams of two, they loosened the dirt, then carefully positioned the plants. Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot mid-morning sun. Nobody __11__.
“The __12__ makes kids know there are people __13__，” says Paillex, “and it plants the seed for giving back. ”
“Paillex makes people want to __14__，” says Colleen Duerr, a mother of two who has signed on as an __15__“Grow-a-Row” member. “And families love this. Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart. ”
( )1．A．Trapped B．Occupied
C．Prevented D．Surrounded
( )2．A．put aside B．planted out
C．wrapped up D．got in
( )3．A．advice B．produce
C．cost D．equipment
( )4．A．bank B．market
C．shop D．room
( )5．A．donated B．sold
C．found D．stored
( )6．A．neighbours B．employees
C．volunteers D．tourists
( )7．A．delivered B．stored
C．bought D．tended
( )8．A．refuses B．welcomes
C．chooses D．pushes
( )9．A．cloudless B．snowy
C．foggy D．rainy
( )10．A．compared B．combined
C．filled D．armed
( )11．A．laughed B．complained
C．worked D．competed
( )12．A．programme B．example
C．lesson D．thought
( )13．A．at war B．in anger
C．on business D．in need
( )14．A．grow B．relax
C．settle D．help
( )15．A．unpaid B．unexpected
C．unseen D．unknown
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帕耶种植了大量的蔬菜，并把它们捐给食品库，而且他还招募了很多志愿者参加种植，甚至带领当地的孩子参与这个活动，让孩子们知道这个世界还有人需要帮助，让他们学会给予。
1．D 根据下文 “he quickly became interested in growing vegetables and rented a 30-by-30-foot land”可知，他被农场包围着(Surrounded)。 Trapped困住；Occupied 占据；Prevented阻止；均不符合语境。
2．B 从前面的 “he quickly became interested in growing vegetable”可知，他种植了(planted out)很多西红柿，土豆和茄子。put aside把……放在一边；wrapped up包起来；got in进入；均不符合语境。
3．B 第一段提到的 “tomatoes, potatoes and eggplants”都属于农产品(produce)。advice建议；cost花费；equipment设备；均不符合语境。
4．A 根据下文 “all of which he donated to food banks”可知，他找到了当地的一家食品银行(bank)。market市场；shop商店；room房间；均不符合语境。
5．A 根据下一段中的 “all of which he donated to food banks”可知，他是把食品捐给了(donated)食品银行。sold卖；found找到；stored储存；均不符合语境。
6．C 根据下一段中的 “Later he had more volunteers, rented more land and donated more vegetables. ”可知，他有一些志愿者(volunteers)。neighbours邻居；employees职员；tourists旅游者；均不符合语境。
7．D 句意：帕耶种植、照料(tended)、收获了2,500磅的蔬菜。delivered送；stored储存；bought买；均不符合语境。
8．B 帕耶也欢迎(welcomes)当地的学生。refuses拒绝；chooses选择；pushes推；均不符合语境。
9．A 根据“under a hot mid-morning sun”可知，天气是无云的(cloudless)。snowy有雪的；foggy有雾的；rainy下雨的；均不符合语境。
10．D 每个孩子都配备有(armed)铁锹。compared比较；combined结合；filled填满；均不符合语境。
11．B 从前面的句子 “Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot mid-morning sun. ”可知，没有人抱怨(complained)。laughed笑；worked工作；competed竞争；均不符合语境。
12．A 前面一段讲的是让孩子种植的项目(programme)。example例子；lesson课程；thought想法；均不符合语境。
13．D 从后面的句子 “and it plants the seed for giving back”可知，这个世界上有很多需要帮助的(in need)人。at war在战争中；in anger生气，愤怒；on business出差；均不符合语境。
14．D 从后面的句子 “And families love this. Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart. ”可知，帕耶让人们学会帮助(help)别人。grow生长；relax放松；settle解决；均不符合语境。
15．A 从前面的句子 “The following year, with a handful of __6__ from his church and a memorable name ’America’s Grow-a-Row’”可知，这个组织的成员是没有报酬的(unpaid)。unexpected预料不到的；unseen看不见的；unknown未知的；均不符合语境。UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
(满分：100分 建议用时：90分钟)
第一部分 语言知识(15分)
第一节 单句语法填空(10分)
1．A plane crashed on the sea and all 269 people ________ board the plane were killed.
2．Jack is the only student ________ (have) a car of his own in our class.
3．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (like) collecting data about satellites.
4．He launched the campaign ________ (succeed), as had been expected.
5．________ (determine) to keep up with others, the girl is working hard.
6．Hand ________ (signal) made by the policeman show the passers-by which way they will return.
7．One by one, the applicants left the agency with ________ (disappoint) looks on their faces.
8．Stress and tiredness often result in a lack ________ concentration.
9．At that time, mankind survived on a very ________ (limit) diet.
10．We ran ________ of the coal, and we had to burn wood to warm us.
【答案】1．on 2．to have 3．likes 4．successfully 5．Determined
6．signals 7．disappointed 8．of 9．limited 10．out
第二节 选词填空(5分)
so as to, lead to, go wrong, focus on, in the hope of, carry on, on board
11．Both sides have agreed to meet，________________ arriving at a compromise.
12．Today, we’re going to ________________ the question of homeless people.
13．Good habits always ________________ high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite.
14．The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others ________________.
15．Can the human race ________________ expanding and growing the same way that it is now
【答案】11．in the hope of 12．focus on 13．lead to 14．on board 15．carry on
第二部分 阅读(30分)
第一节 阅读理解(20分)
A
Instant Expert: Wonders of Space
Saturday 17th July，10 a. m. — 5 p. m. | Cavendish Conference Centre, London
Join us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists. You will start where everything began, at the Big Bang. Throughout the day, you will hear about everything from the exploration to find life on Mars to the discovery of liveable planets outside our solar system.
Who should attend
Anyone interested in the mysteries of space, whatever your age or background. Whether you’re a scientist, a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass.
Benefits of attending：
·Open your mind and be inspired.
·Talk with like-minded people through informal set-up.
·Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions.
What’s included in your ticket：
·In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists.
·Buffet lunch, plus morning and afternoon drinks and snacks.
·An Instant Expert certificate provided by event organizers.
Booking information：
We will email you your ticket immediately after purchase. Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you’ll need it to gain entry. We can scan tickets from a printout, or off the screen of a phone.
A limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at ￡129 will be offered, saving ￡20．These tickets can be bought by clicking the following green “Buy” button if still available.
( )16．Who is the event intended for
A．Science students. B．Space fans.
C．Leading scientists. D．Research experts.
( )17．What can participants expect from the event
A．Free meals throughout the day. B．Certificates from famous schools.
C．Gatherings with event organizers. D．Face-to-face meetings with scientists.
( )18．What should people do if they want to save money
A．Buy tickets quickly. B．Choose digital tickets.
C．Reserve tickets online. D．Print tickets in advance.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场关于太空奇迹的会议，包括进行演讲的科学家，与会人员以及如何订票等相关信息。
16．B 细节理解题。根据文章Who should attend？部分中的“Anyone interested in the mysteries of space…at our one-day masterclass(任何对太空之谜感兴趣的人，无论你的年龄或背景。无论你是科学家、学生还是普通人，我们的活动都提供了直接向专家学习的机会). ”可知，所有的太空迷都可以参加这次会议。故选B项。
17．D 细节理解题。根据文章Benefits of attending部分中的“Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions(与我们的六位演讲者见面，并提出你迫切需要解决的问题). ”可知，与会者拥有与科学家面对面交流的机会。故选D项。
18．A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at ￡129 will be offered, saving ￡20．These tickets can be bought by clicking the following green ’Buy’ button if still available(优惠价为￡129的预售票数量有限，可节省￡20。如果还有票，可点击以下绿色的’购买’按钮购买). ”可推断，想要省钱可以尽快购买预售票。故选A项。
B
Katherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician at NASA, began working on the space program in the 1950s. Many of NASA’s first missions were made possible by her amazing calculations(计算).
As a child, she loved to count. Her father placed great importance on education and insisted all four of his children go to college, working overtime to pay for it. Johnson said this atmosphere was important to her success. “I was always around people who were learning something. I liked to learn，” she said.
Johnson graduated from high school at 14 and college at 18．In 1953, Johnson started to work for NASA, doing the math that powered engineers’ work. Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an all-male flight research team. As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASA’s most important projects. In 1961, with the help of Johnson’s work, Alan Shepard became the first American to go into space. Johnson also lent her unbelievable talent to the success of the Apollo 13, which had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.
Johnson retired in 1986, but her huge contribution to the space programme has only been reaching the public attention for the past few years. Part of that is because, as she is the first to admit science is based on collaboration. “I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person，” she said in a 2010 interview.
In 2016, NASA named a new data centre after her. She was also given a Silver Snoopy award, which recognises “outstanding performance, contributing to flight safety and mission success”．
( )19．The author explains Johnson’s help to NASA by ________.
A．comparing differences B．providing examples
C．showing numbers D．giving reasons
( )20．What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Experience. B．Research.
C．Teamwork. D．Talent.
( )21．What can we infer from the passage about Johnson
A．She traveled to space with the Apollo.
B．She lived a rich life when she was young.
C．She had been widely known since her retirement.
D．She used to be the only lady in the research team.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了杰出的数学家凯瑟琳·约翰逊为NASA所做的贡献。
19．B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASA’s most important projects…which had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts. ”可知，作者列举了两个例子：1961年，在约翰逊的帮助下，艾伦·谢泼德成为第一个进入太空的美国人；约翰逊还为阿波罗13号的成功贡献了她令人难以置信的天赋。通过这两个例子，作者说明了约翰逊为NASA做出了很大的贡献。故选B项。
20．C 词义猜测题。根据后文“ ’I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person，’ she said in a 2010 interview. ”可知，约翰逊在2010年的一次采访中说：“我从来没有自我标榜任何荣誉，因为我们一直是一个团队，从来不只是一个人。”由此可以看出，她很看重团队合作。由此推测她认为科学是建立在团队合作上的，故画线词collaboration意为“合作”。故选C项。
21．D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an all-male flight research team. ”可知，由于她杰出的才能，她被调到一个全男性飞行研究团队做火箭研究工作。由此可以得出她过去是那个研究团队唯一的女性。故选D项。
C
(2023山东东营高一下学期期末)Mars is truly a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth. It is about half of the size of Earth and is often referred to as the “Red Planet” because of its red surface.
Mars has seasons like Earth, but the seasons there are twice as long as the seasons on Earth. Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than Earth. However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars’s ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.
Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe. But missions to Mars have never been easy. Facing great challenges, many countries will still continue their explorations. Launching the first Mars probe(探测器) from Wenchang around 2020 is China’s first step to explore the “Red Planet”．
The Chinese Mars probe is made up of three parts: the orbiter, the lander, and the rover. Entering the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, the Mars probe separates from the launch vehicle. Then the space-to-ground communications link is created. Controllers on Earth guide it into the orbit around Mars. After collecting detailed information about the landing area, the probe is ready for the landing. The orbiter and the lander separate. The orbiter stays in the orbit for at least a year to photograph key areas and monitor the planet’s environment, while the lander heads down to the surface of Mars.
Nine kilometres above the planet, a large parachute(降落伞) opens to slow the landing craft as it falls. After removing the parachute, the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to Earth. After receiving its orders from Earth, the rover leaves the landing point and begins to explore the surface of Mars.
( )22．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2
A．By making a list. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analysing cause and effect.
( )23．What can we learn about Mars exploration according to the text
A．China has been exploring Mars for many years.
B．Mars exploration is not so difficult for some countries.
C．Some countries will stop Mars exploration due to great difficulties.
D．Mars exploration can help us better understand Earth and the universe.
( )24．About the flight of the Mars probe, which is the correct order
①The probe is ready for the landing.
②The Mars probe separates from the launch vehicle.
③Controllers on Earth guide it into the orbit around Mars.
④The probe collects detailed information about the landing area.
A．①②③④ B．④③①②
C．②③④① D．②③①④
( )25．What’s the function of the rover
A．It slows the landing craft as it falls.
B．It collects and transmits data back to Earth.
C．It helps the lander to find a safe place to land.
D．It guides the probe into the orbit around Mars.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的相关信息以及中国对这个“红色星球”的探索之路。
22．C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，作者主要是将火星和地球进行比较，包括季节、大气层、天气等方面。故选C项。
23．D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe(许多科学家认为，研究火星可以帮助我们回答一些关于地球甚至宇宙的关键问题). ”可知，科学家们认为，研究火星可以帮助我们更好地了解地球甚至宇宙。故选D项。
24．C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，顺序为：进入地球—火星转移轨道——火星探测器与运载火箭分离——收集着陆区域的详细信息——探测器为着陆做好了准备。也就是②③④①。故选C项。
25．B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“After removing the parachute，…explore the surface of Mars(在卸下降落伞后，着陆器选择一个安全的地方着陆，在那里火星探测器可以开始工作，收集数据并将数据传回地球。在收到来自地球的指令后，火星探测器离开着陆点，开始探索火星表面). ”可知，火星探测器的功能是收集数据并将数据传回地球。故选B项。
第二节 七选五(10分)
(2023福建福州高一联考期末)Space is where our future is — trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that apart from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. __26__ Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating. __27__ However, since it kept orbiting around Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
__28__ The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spaceship. In addition to this, many pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to Earth. __29__ Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. __30__ They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
A．It lost its connection with the ground centre.
B．To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky.
C．The junk floats slowly around Earth.
D．However, since our space journey started, we have left much trash in space.
E．It is said that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting Earth at speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour.
F．Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations.
G．It hasn’t resulted in any serious problems up to now.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了第一块人造太空垃圾是一个破碎的卫星，因为它没有造成任何问题，所以科学家最初并不关心太空垃圾。随着太空垃圾越来越多，科学家意识到如果不及时清理它，人类将面临危险。
26．D 根据下文“Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger(科学家现在担心，如果我们不清理它，我们都可能处于巨大的危险之中). ”可知，空处应是说太空垃圾越来越多，因此引起了科学家的担心。D选项“然而，自从我们的太空之旅开始以来，我们在太空中留下了许多垃圾。”符合语境。故选D项。
27．A 根据上文“The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964，when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating(第一块太空垃圾产生于1964年，当时美国的先锋一号卫星停止运行). ”可知，卫星停止运作当然会造成卫星和地面的中心失去联系。A选项“它与地面中心失去了联系。”符合语境。故选项A项。
28．E 根据下文“The junk varies from…during a spacewalk(这些垃圾从火箭上脱落的小块油漆到照相机、巨大的燃料箱不等，甚至还有一些奇怪的东西，比如宇航员Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper在太空行走中丢失的价值百万美元的工具包). ”可知，此段涉及太空中各种各样的垃圾。E选项“据说现在有50多万人造垃圾以每小时17500英里的速度环统地球。”符合题意。故选E项。
29．B 上文“The major problem…fall back to Earth(太空垃圾的主要问题是它可能会撞击工作中的卫星并损坏飞行中的宇宙飞船。除此之外，许多垃圾碎片可能会相互碰撞，破撞成碎片，落回地球). ”提到太空垃圾的危害，下文“Ground stations…satellites or space shuttles(已经建立了地面站来监测较大的太空垃圾，以防止它们撞到正在工作的卫星或航天飞机上). ”是减少太空垃圾危害的措施，故空处应是说科学家寻求解决太空垃圾的办法。B选项“为了避免这种情况，科学家们发明了几种清理太空的方法。”符合语境。故选B项。
30．F 根据下文“They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there(他们将停止在太空中乱扔垃圾，并清理已经存在的垃圾). ”可知，空处应是描述另一解决太空垃圾的计划，指明下文“They”的指代对象。F项“未来的计划包括许多国家之间的合作努力。”符合语境。故选F项。
第三部分 完形填空(15分)
My son Daniel’s passion(激情) for surfing began at the age of 13．Before and after school each day he went surfing with his __31__. Daniel’s love of the sport was __32__ one afternoon.
The lifeguard __33__ over the phone to my husband Mike that my son had been injured by the point of the board. Mike __34__ him to the emergency room and Daniel received 26 stitches from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose.
I was flying home from a speaking engagement while Daniel’s eye was being stitched. Mike drove__35__ to the airport after they left the doctor’s office. He __36__ me at the gate and told me Daniel was waiting in the car.
I ran to the car so __37__ that the heel of my shoe broke off. I swung open the door, and Daniel was leaning forward with both arms __38__ toward me crying, “Oh, Mum, I’m so glad you’re home. ”
I sobbed in his arms, telling him how __39__ I felt about not being there when the lifeguard called.
“It’s okay, Mum，” he __40__ me. “I’ll be fine. The doctor says I can go back in the water in eight days. ”
“What？” I asked.
I told him he wasn’t __41__ to go near water again until he was 35．
For the next seven days he kept __42__ me to let him go back on the board. One day after I repeated “No” to him, he beat me at my own game.
“Mum, you __43__ us never to give up what we love. ”
I __44__.
Back then Daniel was just a boy who was enthusiastic about surfing. Now he’s a man with responsibility. He has a(n) __45__ among the top 25 professional surfers in the world.
I was tested in my own backyard on an important principle that I taught audiences in distant cities, “Passionate people embrace(拥抱) what they love and never give up. ”
( )31．A．competitors B．colleagues
C．parents D．companions
( )32．A．researched B．improved
C．tested D．managed
( )33．A．reported B．demanded
C．required D．conducted
( )34．A．dragged B．walked
C．rushed D．fetched
( )35．A．directly B．steadily
C．cautiously D．secretly
( )36．A．accepted B．greeted
C．blamed D．dismissed
( )37．A．naturally B．happily
C．fast D．heavily
( )38．A．settled down B．reached out
C．fastened up D．sought out
( )39．A．normal B．relaxed
C．calm D．awful
( )40．A．comforted B．discouraged
C．hurt D．protected
( )41．A．forced B．charged
C．limited D．allowed
( )42．A．scolding B．consulting
C．pressing D．instructing
( )43．A．taught B．warned
C．reminded D．persuaded
( )44．A．took up B．gave in
C．came out D．insisted on
( )45．A．situation B．position
C．impression D．presentation
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子对冲浪十分热爱，但不小心受伤。因此，作者不允许儿子再继续冲浪，但儿子说服了作者，并继续自己热爱的运动，最终在世界比赛中拥有了自己的一席之地。
31．D 根据 “Before and after school”可知，儿子还在读书，因此和他去冲浪的只能是他的同学、朋友等伙伴(companions)。competitors竞争者；colleagues 同事；parents父母；均不符合语境。
32．C 根据第二段内容可知，丹尼尔在一次运动过程中受伤，很有可能会影响到他对运动的喜爱和热情，故他对于运动的热爱受到了考验(tested)。 researched研究； improved提高； managed经营；均不符合语境。
33．A 救生员在手机上向“我的”丈夫迈克报告(reported)说“我”的儿子被冲浪板伤到了。作者的丈夫不在现场，因此在作者儿子受伤的时候，救生员只能通过手机与作者的丈夫报告。demanded要求，命令；required要求；conducted实施，执行；均不符合语境。
34．C 儿子受伤之后，迈克十分紧张儿子的情况，因此非常快速地带儿子冲去(rushed)急救室。dragged 拖，拉；walked行走；fetched取回；均不符合语境。
35．A 第二段提到迈克很快赶到急救室，“我”则是在乘飞机回家的路上，迈克要接“我”回家，因此直接(directly)去了机场。steadily稳定地； cautiously小心地，谨慎地；secretly秘密地；均不符合语境。
36．B 迈克开车到机场接作者，并在门口迎接(greeted) “我”。accepted接受；blamed责备；dismissed开除；均不符合语境。
37．C 根据 “the heel of my shoe broke off”可知， “我”快速地跑向车，跑得太快了(fast)以至于 “我”的鞋跟都坏掉了。 naturally自然地；happily快乐地；heavily重地；沉重地；均不符合语境。
38．B 句意：丹尼尔伸出手(reached out)往前靠向我，哭着说：“妈妈，你回来我真的太开心了。”根据第五段 “I sobbed in his arms”可知， “我”在儿子的臂弯里抽泣，说明二人是一个拥抱的姿势。settled down定居下来； fastened up关牢，系紧；sought out找出；均不符合语境。
39．D 丹尼尔受伤时伤口缝了26针，作为母亲对于孩子受伤是非常难过的(awful)，而且在孩子受伤时不在身边会感到更加难过。normal正常的；relaxed放松的，轻松的；calm平静的；均不符合语境。
40．A 前文中提到丹尼尔的伤口缝了26针，但丹尼尔却对 “我”说他没事，说明丹尼尔是在安慰(comforted)“我”。discouraged使沮丧，使灰心；hurt伤害；protected保护；均不符合语境。
41．D 根据前面的“I can go back in the water in eight days. ”可知，丹尼尔想在伤好后继续进行运动，“我”表示非常震惊，担心丹尼尔的安全，因此不允许(allowed)他再去水边。 forced强迫； charged要价；指控；充电；limited限制；均不符合语境。
42．C 丹尼尔想在伤好后就去冲浪，但“我”一直不同意，丹尼尔只好每天缠着“我”迫使(pressing)“我”同意。scolding责骂；consulting咨询； instructing指示；均不符合语境。
43．A 句意：“妈妈，你教(taught)我们永远不要放弃热爱的东西。” warned警告；reminded提醒；persuaded劝说；均不符合语境。
44．B 根据 “he beat me at my own game”可知，丹尼尔的话让“我”哑口无言，因此我做出了让步(gave in)。 took up占据；came out出来；出版；开花； insisted on坚持；均不符合语境。
45．B 句意：现在他在世界前25名的冲浪选手中有着自己的一席之地(position)。根据 “Now he’s a man with responsibility. ”可知，现在的丹尼尔是个有责任感的人。丹尼尔也用自己的实际行动证明了当初的那句话“永远不要放弃自己热爱的东西”，现在的他在世界冲浪选手中有了自己的位置。 situation形势；情况；impression印象；presentation陈述；说明；均不符合语境。
第四部分 语法填空(15分)
Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in life. If two teams play 46. ________ game, one team must lose. If a dozen 47. ________(team) attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the 48. ________ eleven teams will get fewer points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face.
49. ________ that team and that school must do is to admit that it 50. ________(lose). The only intelligent reaction 51. ________ defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on we will devote 52. ________(our) to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons 53. ________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more 54. ______(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in “house” activities, and, 55. ________(especial)，in the student council.
【语篇解读】体育运动可以帮助人们学会公平，努力提升自己，更重要的是体育能帮助人们正确处理人际关系。
46．a 考查冠词。泛指“一场比赛”，且game是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
47．teams 考查名词复数。a dozen表示“十二个”，故填复数形式teams。
48．other 考查形容词。the other eleven表示“剩下的十一个”，故填other。
49．What 考查名词性从句的引导词。此处所填单词引导主语从句且在从句中作动词do的宾语，指代物，因此填What。
50．has lost 考查动词的时态。这个学校的比赛队伍已经输了，是现在完成时，故填has lost。
51．to 考查介词。reaction to …“对……的反应”为固定短语。故填to。
52．ourselves 考查固定搭配。devote oneself to sth/doing sth. “全身心地投入到某事中去”为固定短语。故填ourselves。
53．learnt/learned 考查非谓语动词。本句中已出现谓语“can help”，因此空格处应用非谓语形式。因为其逻辑主语lessons与learn之间存在动宾关系，故填learned/learnt表被动，作lessons的后置定语。
54．valuable 考查形容词。此处表示“更有价值的是”。此句式是倒装句，valuable修饰lessons。
55．especially 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语。故填especially。
第五部分 写作(25分)
第一节 单词拼写(5分)
56．There is some confusion about what the right ________(程序) should be.
57．Yang Liwei is the first Chinese ________(宇航员) to be sent up into space.
58．It is illegal to cross the ________(边境) without permission.
59．Take part in physical activities and ________(定期的) exercises.
60．Young children have a ________(有限的) attention span and can’t concentrate on one activity for very long.
【答案】56．procedure 57．astronaut 58．frontier 59．regular 60．limited
第二节 书面表达(20分)
(2023广东广州高一下学期期末考)最近你班进行了一次主题为“Should lighting firecrackers be allowed in the Spring Festival？”的英语辩论赛。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，介绍此次辩论赛的情况并说说自己的看法，然后发表在你校英语论坛上。
内容包括：
1．有些同学支持及理由；
2．有些同学反对及理由；
3．你的观点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Recently, our class held an English debate with the theme “Should lighting firecrackers be allowed in the Spring Festival？”．It was an engaging event with various perspectives presented.
Some of my classmates supported the idea of allowing the use of firecrackers during the Spring Festival. They argued that firecrackers are an essential part of our traditional culture and bring joy and festivity to the celebration. On the other hand, there were students who opposed lighting firecrackers. They stressed the negative impact on the environment, such as air pollution, noise pollution and potential safety hazards.
As for me, I agree firecrackers should be limited or even banned during the Spring Festival. While I understand and appreciate the cultural significance, I believe nothing is more important than environmental protection and safety.
