2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题14阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版
【近年高考考情】
考例1 (2023 全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23题
考例3 (2020 全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
考例4 (2023 全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
考例5 (2023 新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
考例6 (2020 全国Ⅲ卷 D篇) 34题
考例7 (2023 浙江1月卷 A篇) 23题
考例8 (2022 新高考II卷 A篇) 22题
考例9 (2022 全国乙卷 A篇) 22题
考例10 (2020 新高考卷 A篇) 21题
【实用解题妙招】
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
题型一 直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
考例1 (2023 全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
23. D。细节理解题。Step 1找关键词：first African American with a medical degree。Step 2定位到原文：she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree。Step 3比对选项：通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
考例3 (2020 全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
21. What would you do to get ticket information
A. Call 13 16 17.
B. Visit .au.
C. Ask at the local station.
D. Check the train schedule.
21. C。分析：Step 1找关键词：ticket information。Step 2定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。Step 3比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。答案是C。
题型二 间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。
考例4 (2023 全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
两个同义转换：one third~33%；a wider variety of =more diverse
考例5 (2023 新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
22. B。细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。
同义转换：final grade= Essays (60%)+ Group Assignments (30%)+ Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
考例6 (2020 全国Ⅲ卷 D篇) 34题
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
34. C。细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法。
同义词复现:astonished与amazed为同义词 。
高频同义转换（动词类）
答案第12页，共12页
book=reserve=order
conduct=carry out
please=amuse=entertain
improve=promote
guarantee=ensure
document=record
ruin=destroy=damage=violate
declare=announce=inform
divide=separate=part with
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve
delay=put off=postpone
give=supply=provide=offer
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur
reject=refuse=turn down=decline
receive=accept
see=observe=notice=spot
search=explore
connect=link=relate=associate
discourage=frustrate
rent=hire
prove=turn out
remove=get rid of
admire=appreciate
possess=own
decide=determine=resolve to do
get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（名词类）
data=statistics
novel=fiction
feature=characteristics
career=occupation
manners=etiquette
gratitude=appreciation
experiment=trial
personality=character
stress=pressure
origin=pioneer
circumstance=environment=atmosphere
creation=innovation
achievement=recognition
option=choice=selection
material=resource
luggage=baggage=package
rule=regulation=principle
direction=discipline=guideline
colleague=coworker
essay=passage=article=text
approach=way=method=means
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty
attentive=focused
original=initial
final=eventual
obvious=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
time-honored=has a long history
dull=boring
daring=brave
extra=additional
glad=pleased=delighted
touched=moved
accessible=available=at hand
appropriate=proper=suitable
appealing=attractive
complex=complicated
safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous
places of interest=tourist attraction
result in=lead to=contribute to
be accustomed to=be used to doing
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
join in=take part in=participate in
=involve in=be engaged in
get ready for=be prepared for
focus on =concentrate on
transform A into B=turn A into B
in the long term=in the long run
hold on to=insist
take action=take measures=take steps to
keep in touch with=contact
deal with=cope with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
on the spot=on the scene
be proud of=take pride in
head into=leave for
arrive at=reach=get to=approach
in spite of=despite
from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
try doing=attempt to
be filled with=be charged with=be full of
run into=come across
take the place of=replace
from time to time=once in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
consist of =be made up of
for a moment=for a while
a collection of =a series of
figure out=find out
bright up=light up
roll around=turn up
give...a lecture=deliver a speech
draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
in favor of=favorable
题型三 数据计算题
要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
考例7 (2023 浙江1月卷 A篇) 23题
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
23.细节理解题。根据“ Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
考例8 (2022 新高考II卷 A篇) 22题
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
22. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
22. C。细节理解题。根据“Group Size”标题下“We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children.(我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人)”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。
考例9 (2022 全国乙卷 A篇) 22题
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
22. B。细节理解题。根据Admission部分“ 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
考例10 (2020 新高考卷 A篇) 21题
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
21. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
21. 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
【高考真题再练】
1 (2023 新高考I卷 A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】21. B22. C23. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
21.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
22.细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
23.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
2 (2023 新高考II卷 B篇)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
25.推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
26.推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
【名校好题强化】
（23·24高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Volunteer by supporting a local animal rescue center in Costa Rica!
If you like animals and are also interested in preserving the environment, you will be perfect for this program. You will be helping out in and supporting a local animal shelter. Not only does this shelter take in homeless animals, but also wild animals which are in bad condition.
In addition to the caretaking of the animals, volunteers help us welcome visitors at the entrance and answer any questions that visitors may have about the shelter or its animals. As volunteers spend more days in the shelter, knowledge about wildlife management will grow.
Requirements
＊You need to be at least 15 years old on the program start date at the high school level or above.
＊Speaking English is a basic requirement.
＊No restrictions on nationality. Helping hands both in Costa Rica and beyond are welcome.
＊Your helping hand will be required from 09:00 to 15:00 on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.
Program fees
＊Booking payments (15%): The booking payment is simply to reserve your volunteer placement. Payment is made by PayPal. You can also pay using a credit card.
＊Final payments (85%): Your final payment will be agreed with Volunteer Now Costa Rica during the application process.
1. What can a volunteer do in the rescue center
A. Communicate with visitors. B. Get trained to place animals.
C. Give lectures about animals. D. Search for homeless animals.
2. Who can volunteer in the program
A. A French-speaking adult. B. A primary schoolchild.
C. A college student from America. D. A local person free on Fridays.
3. How much should a volunteer pay at least to make a reservation
A. $52.5. B. $105. C. $297.5. D. $350.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了如何申请支持哥斯达黎加当地动物救援中心的志愿者。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition to the caretaking of the animals, volunteers help us welcome visitors at the entrance and answer any questions that visitors may have about the shelter or its animals.”（除了照顾动物外，志愿者还帮助我们在入口处欢迎游客，并回答游客可能对收容所或动物的任何问题）可知，志愿者在救援中心可以与参观者沟通。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据Requirements中“＊You need to be at least 15 years old on the program start date at the high school level or above.＊Speaking English is a basic requirement. ＊No restrictions on nationality. Helping hands both in Costa Rica and beyond are welcome.＊Your helping hand will be required from 09:00 to 15:00 on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.”（*您需要在课程开始日期至少15岁，高中或以上水平。会说英语是基本要求。*国籍不限。欢迎来自哥斯达黎加和其他国家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的帮助）可知，一位来自美国的大学生可以自愿参加这个项目。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据Program fees中“1week（minimum stay）$350”以及“Booking payments (15%)”（预订费用(15%)）可知，志愿者至少要付350×15%=52.5美元，才能预约。故选A项。
（23·24高二上·福建泉州·期中）If you are seeking to unlock the secrets to success, here are four books that offer invaluable wisdom and practical advice to help you along your path.
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Stephen R. Covey’s timeless classic outlines seven foundational principles for personal and professional success. From proactive (积极主动的) decision-making to effective leadership and interpersonal skills, this book stresses the importance of matching personal values with actions. It serves as a powerful guide to achieving long-term success and building meaningful relationships.
Outliers: The Story of Success
In the book, Malcolm Gladwell explores the factors that contribute to exceptional success. Through insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditional thoughts of talent and hard work, stressing the importance of opportunities, cultural backgrounds, and deliberate practice. This thought-provoking book encourages readers to rethink their approaches to success and shows the importance of making use of unique circumstances.
Mindset: The New Psychology of Success
In the book, Carol S. Dweck explores the power of mindset and its effect on personal growth and achievement. By distinguishing between a “fixed mindset” and a “growth mindset”, Dweck highlights how accepting challenges, maintaining resilience, and cultivating a love for learning can lead to remarkable success. This book provides valuable insights for transforming obstacles (障碍) into opportunities for growth.
Principles
Ray Dalio’s Principles is a transformative guidebook packed with valuable insights. Drawing on his extensive experience in investment management, Dalio shares practical wisdom for success. The book offers actionable principles for decision-making, problem-solving, and personal growth. By applying these principles, readers can deal with challenges, seize opportunities, and make a meaningful impact.
4. Which factors contributing to success does the second book stress
A. Talent and hard work. B. Creative thinking and teamwork.
C. Chances and cultural backgrounds. D. Adventurous action and confidence.
5. Whose book highlights the impact of mentality on individual development
A. Stephen R. Covey’s. B. Malcolm Gladwell’s.
C. Carol S. Dweck’s. D. Ray Dalio’s.
6. What is the text
A. A piece of news of new authors. B. A recommendation on books.
C. A paper on the secrets to success. D. A text on successfully writing books.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了四本书以及它们各自的特色。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Through insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditional thoughts of talent and hard work, stressing the importance of opportunities, cultural backgrounds, and deliberate practice. (通过富有洞察力的案例研究，格拉德威尔挑战了天赋和努力工作的传统观念，强调了机会、文化背景和刻意练习的重要性)”可知，第二本书强调了促成成功的因素是机会和文化背景。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the book, Carol S. Dweck explores the power of mindset and its effect on personal growth and achievement. (在书中，Carol S. Dweck探讨了心态的力量及其对个人成长和成就的影响)”可知，Carol S. Dweck的书强调了心态对个人发展的影响。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第一段“If you are seeking to unlock the secrets to success, here are four books that offer invaluable wisdom and practical advice to help you along your path. (如果你正在寻找成功的秘密，这里有四本书，提供宝贵的智慧和实用的建议，帮助你在你的道路上)”结合文章主要推荐了四本书以及它们各自的特色。可推知，文章是一份书籍的推荐。故选B。
（23·24高一上·广东茂名·期中）Each year Canada Chocolate Town, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates our community’s rich and delicious heritage with our annual Chocolate Fest. Now in its 30th year, this week-long, family-oriented festival is “choc—full” of activities, fun events, and all things chocolate—related. Our beloved mascot, the Great Chocolate Mousse, and his lovely wife Tiffany, invite you to join us this August for the sweetest festival of the year—Chocolate Fest!
Carma Charlotte County Coffee Morning
9：30 a.m. to 12 noon
Location：St. Stephen Town Square
Come out and join us for a Starbucks coffee, cup of tea or juice and scrumptious home—baked goods, many featuring chocolate. Sponsored (赞助) by Carma Charlotte County and adoption programs (收养项目) —caring for homeless and feral cats.
Dots Delecto Birthday Party
11 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Location：Boys and Girls Club of Charlotte County
Who does St. Stephen love Dot Larsen! Please join us for chocolate cake and chocolate milk and help celebrate Dot’s birthday. Come and play in our indoor/outdoor playground, have your face painted and enjoy a barbecue, to help raise funds for the Barracuda Swim Team. For details call BGCCC, 466-4300.
Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party
12 noon to 3 p.m.
Location：Kings brae Garden, St. Andrews
Come to celebrate with Lucy and her friends for a picnic on our front lawn (草坪) —bring your own picnic or have lunch at our Garden Cafe. At 2 p.m., join Lucy and her friends for an amazing race adventure through the big maze (迷宫), find treasure in the fantasy garden and much, much more!
Cost：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Seniors, Free/Children 6 and younger.
7. When is the Dots Delecto Birthday Party open
A. 9：30 a.m.—12：00 a.m. B. 11：00 a.m.—2：00 p.m.
C. 12：00 a.m.—3：00 p.m. D. 2：00 p.m.—3：00 p.m.
8. How much at least should a couple with a boy aged 5 pay to join Lucy the Lady Bugs 1st Birthday Party
A. $44 B. $16 C. $28 D. $32
9. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a sports game.
B. To arrange some activities.
C. To advertise an annual fest.
D. To promote a cats brand.
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了第三十届巧克力节的各个项目。
7. 细节理解题。根据小标题Dots Delecto Birthday Party下的“11 a.m. to 2 p.m.(上午十一时至下午二时)”可知，Dots Delecto Birthday Party的开放时间为上午十一时至下午二时。故选B项。
8. 细节理解题。根据小标题Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party下的“Cost：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Seniors, Free/Children 6 and younger.(费用：$16/成人，$12/学生和老人，免费/ 6岁及以下儿童)”可知，一对夫妇的费用是16x2=32美元，5岁男孩免费，所以总费用是$32。故选D项。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year Canada Chocolate Town, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates our community’s rich and delicious heritage with our annual Chocolate Fest. Now in its 30th year, this week-long, family-oriented festival is “choc—full” of activities, fun events, and all things chocolate—related. Our beloved mascot, the Great Chocolate Mousse, and his lovely wife Tiffany, invite you to join us this August for the sweetest festival of the year—Chocolate Fest!(每年加拿大巧克力小镇，圣斯蒂芬，新不伦瑞克省，庆祝我们社区的丰富和美味的传统，我们的年度巧克力节。今年是第30个节日，这个为期一周、面向家庭的节日“充满了巧克力”的活动、有趣的事件，以及所有与巧克力有关的东西。我们心爱的吉祥物，伟大的巧克力慕斯，和他可爱的妻子蒂芙尼，邀请你加入我们今年八月最甜蜜的节日——巧克力节!)”可推知，本文的目的是为一年一度的节日做广告。故选C项。
（23·24上·济宁·期中）Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists to develop new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem, which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment, the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
10. What’s special about the new robot
A. It is a bio-inspired robot.
B. It is identical to an insect.
C. Its “tail”promotes the stability control.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
11. How are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed
A. By giving a definition. B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons.
12. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
13. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. Reasons for the research. B. Potentials of the research.
C. Complexities of the research. D. Challenges of the research.
【答案】10. C 11. D 12. B 13. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京理工大学的研究团队开发的一种新的仿生机器人，该机器人可以用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels.(北京理工大学的研究人员最近设计了一种新的仿生机器人，它可以使用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。该机器人由一个主体、两个轮子和由自适应控制器控制的尾翼组件组成，该控制器允许它在与机器人轮子平行的区域内向不同方向转动。)”可知，该机器人可以使用尾巴状的机机制来保持平衡。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.(多数现有的平衡两轮车辆的方法是通过使用惯性测量单元(IMU)收集车辆的车身高度数据，这是一种可以测量作用在身体或物体上的特定力的电子设备。传统的方法是处理IMU设备收集的数据，然后相应地执行平衡策略，通常是通过调整其倾斜角度。)”以及第四段“While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.(虽然许多方法都取得了令人满意的结果，但该研究小组提出的设计引入了一种实用的替代方案，不需要调整机器人的倾斜角度。这是为数不多的受动物尾巴启发的现有技术之一，可以在考虑环境不确定性的情况下增强轮式机器人的平衡性。)”可知，第三段和第四段将该机器人保持平衡的方法和现有的其他机器人保持平衡的方式进行比较。故选D。
12. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment(研究人员在一系列测试中评估了这种尾巴状机器人机制的有效性。他们的发现非常有希望。当机器人在测试环境中失去平衡时，)”以及划线单词前的“the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance(人造“尾巴”能够重新平衡……)”可知，划线单词“it”指的是机器人。故选B。
13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.(在未来，这种类似尾巴的机制可以用来增强其他现有或新开发的机器人的稳定性和平衡性。此外，作为这项研究的一部分，收集到的发现可以启发其他机器人专家设计类似的尾巴状部件。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了该研究未来的可能运用。故选B。
（23·24高三上·福建三明·期中）Visionary architects design buildings which speak for themselves. From towering concrete pillars to sculptural modernist domes (穹顶), the work of Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi defined Indian architecture for the latter half of the 20th century. Known as B. V. Doshi, he was a versatile modernist architect — he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore. Sadly, the great architect died on January 24, 2023, at the age of 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.
Born on August 26, 1927, in Pune, southeast of Mumbai, Doshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came to appreciate how their house grew and changed. In 1947, shortly before Indian independence, he began architecture school. However, he never finished, a fact which he’d later point to in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Doshi lived in a house he designed and named for his beloved wife.
Doshi was influenced by the famous Swiss-French architect known as Le Corbusier. Doshi studied with him in Paris and then returned to India to supervise the architect’s work in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Doshi founded his own firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the world lecturing at universities, worked with other famous architects, and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (now CEPT University) focusing on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats.
“We did not want to imitate someone else’s approach,” he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018. “We wanted to find our own identity.” He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs. “I think of my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a conversation with them, and that’s how I create niches and staircases and openings and gardens…my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.”
Aside from his modern works, Doshi was devoted to creating works to benefit the poor. He designed the Aranya Low Cost Housing Project in Indore. The photographer Iwan Baan, who photographed some of Doshi’s works, described the artist as “the most approachable architect I know. Even very poor people in his public housing projects knew him, which is exceptional.”
14. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “versatile” in paragraph 1
A. popular B. modest C. forward-looking D. well-rounded
15. What do we know about Doshi’s life
A. He had a miserable childhood.
B. He regretted leaving school early.
C. He made a contribution to higher education in architecture.
D. He set up his company under the guidance of Le Corbusier.
16. What does the author want to illustrate by quoting Doshi’s words
A. The public support for Doshi.
B. The originality of Doshi’s works.
C. Doshi’s open mind on Indian culture.
D. Doshi’s love of architectural design.
17. What is the purpose of the text
A. To define India’s modern architecture.
B. To encourage people to visit Doshi’s works.
C. To advertise Doshi’s architectural philosophy.
D. To give a brief account of India’s great architect Doshi.
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了印度建筑大师巴克里希纳·多西。
14. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore(从无障碍住房项目到班加罗尔的印度管理学院，他的设计可谓无所不包)”可知，巴克里希纳·多西可以设计普通民用住宅，也可以设计大型学院建筑，所有它是全能现代主义建筑师。由此可知，画线词可与D项well-rounded“全能的”互换。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“He traveled the world lecturing at universities, worked with other famous architects, and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (now CEPT University) focusing on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats.(他在世界各地的大学演讲，与其他著名建筑师合作，甚至成立了环境规划与技术中心（现为CEPT大学），专注于理解、设计、规划、建造和管理人类栖息地)”可知，巴克里希纳·多西环球游学传道建筑学知识，创办了 CEPT大学的前身the Center for Environmental Planning an Technology。由此可知，他对高等建筑教育做出了贡献。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““We did not want to imitate someone else’s approach,” he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018. “We wanted to find our own identity. ” He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs.(‘我们不想模仿别人的方法，’他在2018年对路易斯安那现代艺术博物馆说。‘我们想找到自己的身份。’他从对印度文化的自豪感中汲取灵感，创造了一种与西方设计截然不同的风格。)”和“my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.(我的建筑不仅纯净、清晰，而且能预见变化)”可推知，巴克里希纳·多西在言辞中强调了其建筑的独创性，他不去追随和模仿别人，而是追寻独创。故选B。
17. 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文高度赞扬了巴克里希纳·多西的成就，概述了他的生平。故选D。
（23·24上·惠州·期中）The input Dad has on my career is incomparable. My earliest memories are of Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening to his favourite song by his favourite singer, and encouraging his little girl to poke (戳) keys randomly on the piano. Even watching Top of the Pops, he would get so passionate about music in it. We weren’t a religious family, but there was something spiritual about Dad’s connection with music.
Music also became a source of comfort for me. I failed to do well academically at school and had no friends. Being at school consumed so much of my emotional energy. Instead of going to school to learn stuff, I felt as though I was simply trying to get people to like me. Things were better, but the only time I truly felt happy was when I was at home listening to music with Mum and Dad or writing songs on the piano —and the older I got, the more powerful music felt.
Dad was always my biggest supporter. When I started giving live performances at the local bar, he was the one who drove me there and back. Freeing up that time wasn’t easy for an actor. His job might mean three weeks in the Czech Republic or working with George Lucas on The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones in Hollywood.
Dad has been involved with some amazing stuff, but Daddy Pig is the one that’s had the biggest impact all over the world. When I was flying to Australia for my first tour, I was trying to find something to watch on the little screen and I noticed they had Peppa Pig. If I’m missing home and family, I always put it on. Daddy Pig is a fairly real version of my dad —he loves chocolate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying to mend them. Mum and Dad were friends with one of the producers of the show and I often wonder if he looked at my dad and thought, “That’s him …that’s Daddy Pig.”
18. What can we learn about the author’s father
A. He was good at writing songs.
B. He was attached to music in his soul.
C. He encouraged her to play the guitar.
D. He was passionate about watching TV series.
19. How did the author’s father support her career
A. By picking her up in a tight schedule.
B. By doing a demanding job as an actor.
C. By watching her musical performances.
D. By giving live performances at the local bar.
20. Why did the author mention Peppa Pig
A. It’s her favourite childhood cartoon.
B. She saw her father through Daddy Pig.
C. She took pride in this world famous cartoon.
D. It’s a cartoon about her hometown and motherland.
21. Which of the following can best describe the author’s Dad
A. Funny and honest. B. Strict and hardworking.
C. Famous and patient. D. Supportive and influential.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在父亲的熏陶下，对音乐的热爱，以及音乐也成了作者的慰藉。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My earliest memories are of Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening to his favourite song by his favourite singer, and encouraging his little girl to poke (戳) keys randomly on the piano. Even watching Top of the Pops, he would get so passionate about music in it. We weren’t a religious family, but there was something spiritual about Dad’s connection with music. (我最早的记忆是爸爸坐在厨房弹吉他，听他最喜欢的歌手唱他最爱的歌，鼓励他的小女儿戳钢琴上随意弹奏的键。即使看《流行音乐之巅》，他也会对其中的音乐充满热情。我们不是一个宗教家庭，但父亲与音乐的联系有一些精神上的东西。)”可知，在作者记忆里，父亲是一个对音乐充满激情的人，他与音乐有着一些精神上的联系，故选B。
19. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dad was always my biggest supporter. When I started giving live performances at the local bar, he was the one who drove me there and back. (父亲总是我最大的支持者。当我开始在当地酒吧进行现场表演时，他开车送我接送我。)”可知，在作者在当地酒吧演出时，作者的父亲接送他，故选A。
20. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If I’m missing home and family, I always put it on. Daddy Pig is a fairly real version of my dad —he loves chocolate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying to mend them. (如果我想家了，我就会放这部动画片。猪爸爸是我爸爸的真实版——他喜欢巧克力蛋糕，他很有趣，通常在修补时会把东西弄坏。)”可知，作者提到《小猪佩奇》里的爸爸是因为作者在想家时，看到猪爸爸就像是看到了自己的爸爸，因为猪爸爸是她爸爸的真实版，故选B。
21. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Dad was always my biggest supporter. (父亲总是我最大的支持者。)”和文章第二段“Things were better, but the only time I truly felt happy was when I was at home listening to music with Mum and Dad or writing songs on the piano —and the older I got, the more powerful music felt. (情况好多了，但我唯一真正感到快乐的时候是在家里和爸爸妈妈一起听音乐或在钢琴上写歌——我年级越大，音乐就越有力量。)”可推知，父亲是作者最大的支持者，故父亲是支持的；父亲喜欢音乐，作者真正感到快乐的时候就说在家里和爸妈一起听音乐，故作者喜欢音乐是受父亲的熏陶，故父亲是有影响力的，故选D。
（2023·江苏·模拟预测）On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home. Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in to-go cups. “When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn’t stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It’s more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
22. Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A. To deal with an emergency. B. To send water to the community.
C. To ensure people’s safety in the town. D. To help with Chittle building the ice rink.
23. What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A. Persuade his neighbors to make donations. B. Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C. Turn to the Internet for tips and materials. D. Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
24. How did the ice rink affect the community
A. It made the community popular in Mantan. B. It slowed down the pace of the residents’ life.
C. It offered people there comfort and company. D. It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
25. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A. Everyone could make a difference to society. B. Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C. The community got better due to the ice rink. D. Chittle had goodwill to the whole community.
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于活动限制，Scot Chittle在社区建造了溜冰场，以供社区居民进行户外活动。
22. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home.(在12月的一个寒冷的晚上，消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇，冲向了Chittle的家)”、第二段“And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating (还有什么比滑冰更能让人们出门的户外活动呢)”和第三段“It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.(12辆消防车才运来足够的水)”可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车赶往Manton，是为了帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online.(为了实现他的梦想，Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明，然后在网上订购了3000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁)”可知，为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想，Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。
24. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”(Chittle的邻居Audrey Hooker说道：“当情况艰难时，是这个地方，它太棒了，因为我们聚在一起，变得平静和快乐，而不是担心。”)”可知，在形势艰难的时候，Chittle建的溜冰场成了一个让人们可以聚在一起，感到平静和快乐，而不是担心的地方。由此可推断，Chittle建的溜冰场带给社区居民慰藉和陪伴。故选C。
25. 词句猜测题。结合上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和划线句的后文内容“When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash.(当社区听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时，每个人都挺身而出。一场筹款活动带来了大约1300美元的收入，人们给Chittle家里寄去了装满现金的信件)”可知，划线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止，同时Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故选B。
（23·24高二上·湖北咸宁·阶段练习）I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using a pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda, and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Growing up, I was virtually never a big fan of novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.
To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.
What surprised me the most was how much I learned. Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life in different countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories. The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.
26. What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety
A. He drowned it in chocolate. B. He conducted an experiment.
C. He slept on the sofa leisurely. D. He escaped into a fantasy world.
27. What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2
A. Reading novels was a waste of time.
B. Reading a good book was time well spent.
C. He was too busy to take good care of his books.
D. The Harry Potter book wasn’t as good as expected.
28. How did the New Year ’s resolution benefit the author
A. More sympathy went out to him.
B. His moral values were strengthened.
C. He learned much about religious diversity.
D. He gained new insight into his academic discipline.
29. What’s the best title of the text
A. Reading: A Lifelong Hobby B. The Power of Research Papers
C. Novels: Love at Second Sight D. The Benefits of History Reading
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者的阅读之旅，随着作者对阅读的投入，作者也真正爱上了阅读。
26. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.(晚饭后，我泡了一杯热巧克力，躺在沙发上伸伸懒腰，打开了一页书。顷刻之间，我的思绪离开了实验设计的细节，进入了一个充满怪物、魔尘和像人一样的熊的世界，这是一个与我日常生活截然不同的奇妙世界。这正是我所需要的)”可知，作者消除自己焦虑的方法就是打开一本书，沉浸到一个幻想的世界之中。故选D。
27. 词句猜测题。根据划线句子下一句“Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades.(相反，我会选择阅读与我的学科相关的参考书，以获得更好的成绩)”可知，作者不是不阅读，而是只会阅读与自己学科相关的参考书。由此可知，作者是觉得阅读诸如《哈利波特》这样的小说浪费时间。故选A。
28. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.(这些书帮助我建立了同情和理解，带来了一个意想不到的好处：我开始更深入地思考科学界问题的多样性，并可以全心全意地为之服务)”可推知，作者所阅读的书让他对自己的学科有了新的见解和看法。故选D。
29. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者只会阅读和自己学科相关的书籍，希望自己能取得更好的成绩。根据文章第三段“To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.(为了帮助我坚持下去，我制定了一个新年计划：一整年每个月读两本小说。结果是，我几乎立刻就对小说产生了欣赏，还有许多意想不到的结果，包括一些对我的学业有益的结果)”可知，作者开始阅读小说之后有了许多意想不到的结果。由此可知，Novels: Love at Second Sight(小说：一见钟情)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
（23·24高三上·湖南常德·阶段练习）An educator with a passion for getting children emotionally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lesson to students as a polar bear stayed on his shoulder. The bear seemed to say “hi” to them about climate change.
Gavin McCormack is trying to bring the “amazing natural phenomena” to the fingertips of children in an attempt to get them to help stop rising sea levels and become passionate about climate change, which is threatening the home of polar bears.
The primary school teacher decided to jump headfirst into his teachings and spent ten days on an icebreaker heading towards the North Pole. On the first day at sea, a polar bear climbed out of the water right in front of him and onto an island where it was attacked by a group of Arctic terns (北极燕鸥).
“Each day is different but so interesting,” McCormack said. “This week, my dream to teach children about the wonder of a polar bear with one right over my shoulder came true.”
The most memorable moment for him while in the Arctic was when his ship reached the pack ice. The ship crunched (嘎吱地响) through the ice as they reached 82 degrees north and the noise was deafening. Earlier this week he launched his new course “Be the Change”, which is free to all schools nationwide. “Be the Change” is designed to empower children, families and communities around the world to bring about changes and make global impacts. “It takes a course-related approach to improve the world in meaningful ways,” Mr. McCormack said.
McCormack hopes to teach the “leaders of tomorrow” to include nature and the climate in every decision they make. He is planning another course named “It Starts With You”, with the hopes of bringing purposeful education to as many children as possible.
“Working alongside teachers, schools and students, we believe that when children are empowered to make real choices about the future, the skills for life are developed not through listening to what others tell them, but through experience,” McCormack said.
30. Why did McCormack head to the North Pole
A. To observe an amazing natural sight.
B. To measure the rate of sea level rise.
C. To save polar bears from extinction.
D. To educate children in a real situation.
31. What can we learn about polar bears according to the text
A. They are friendly towards human beings.
B. Climate change causes the loss of their habitats.
C. Arctic terns are their natural enemies.
D. Hunger drives them out of water for food.
32. What does “Be the Change” aim to do
A. To make a difference in improving the world.
B. To change people’s decision-making methods.
C. To teach students to think twice before making choices.
D. To develop students’ life skills through experience.
33. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Climate Change — A Worldwide Concern
B. New Ways of Teaching About Climate Change
C. Join Hands and Say No to Global Warming
D. An Interesting Trip to the North Pole
【答案】30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一位教育者通过让孩子们接触真实的自然环境和动物，来激发他们对保护环境和应对气候变化的热情。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Gavin McCormack is trying to bring the “amazing natural phenomena” to the fingertips of children in an attempt to get them to help stop rising sea levels and become passionate about climate change, which is threatening the home of polar bears.(Gavin McCormack正试图把“神奇的自然现象”带到孩子们的指尖，试图让他们帮助阻止海平面上升，并对气候变化充满热情，气候变化正威胁着北极熊的家园。)”可知，McCormack希望通过在北极的教学，让孩子们能够亲身体验到气候变化的影响，从而更好地理解这个全球性的问题。因此，他前往北极是为了在真实的环境中教育孩子们。故选D。
31. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Gavin McCormack is trying to bring the “amazing natural phenomena” to the fingertips of children in an attempt to get them to help stop rising sea levels and become passionate about climate change, which is threatening the home of polar bears.(Gavin McCormack正试图把“神奇的自然现象”带到孩子们的指尖，试图让他们帮助阻止海平面上升，并对气候变化充满热情，气候变化正威胁着北极熊的家园。)”可知，气候变化正威胁着北极熊的家园。故选B。
32. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Earlier this week he launched his new course “Be the Change”, which is free to all schools nationwide. “Be the Change” is designed to empower children, families and communities around the world to bring about changes and make global impacts.(本周早些时候，他开设了一门名为“Be the Change”的新课程，对全国所有学校免费开放。“Be the Change”旨在赋予世界各地的儿童、家庭和社区带来改变并产生全球影响的能力。)”可知，“Be the Change”的目的是给世界各地的儿童、家庭和社区带来改变并产生全球影响。故选A。
33. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An educator with a passion for getting children emotionally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lesson to students as a polar bear stayed on his shoulder. The bear seemed to say “hi” to them about climate change.(一位热衷于让孩子们投入到拯救冰盖的教育工作者给学生们上了一堂课，一只北极熊站在他的肩膀上。熊似乎对他们说讲述了关于气候变化。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了教育者McCormack通过自己的行动和课程，向孩子们传授有关自然和环境的知识，并鼓励他们成为改变世界的领导者，也就是文章主要讲述了气候变化教学的新方法。故选B。
（23·24高三上·江苏徐州·期中）The best advertisement for public transportation is seeing a bus whoosh past lines of cars stuck in traffic. When transit is convenient, comfortable, affordable and faster than driving, the service practically sells itself. That’s why a recent bus-lane boom in Los Angeles is so welcome.
Since 2019, Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation have rolled out nine new segments (路段) for a total of 40 miles of bus lanes on some of the most crowded streets with high bus ridership, such as La Brea Avenue, Venice Boulevard and Alvarado Street. The goal is to have 100 miles in place before the 2028 Olympics.
The result has been faster, more reliable service for passengers—and for drivers stuck in traffic, maybe even a little bus envy. Better bus service is essential to get people to jobs, schools and opportunities, and to entice drivers out of cars to help reduce planet warming emissions.
Great transformation has taken place since. Transit advocates have pressed Metro and elected officials to stop treating bus riders as an afterthought. Former Councilmember Mike Bonin, who also sat on Metro’s governing board, pushed for the creation of the Bus Speed and Reliability Working Group. With a clear goal—to speed up the buses—and a mandate (授权) from political leaders, staff at the two agencies were able to cut through bureaucratic barriers that often stymie (阻碍) public works projects.
Bus Rapid Transit, or busways, with dedicated lanes and special stops, have faced resistance from some residents and business owners, who worry about losing car lanes or parking. The compromise is that most bus riders get the benefit of bus lanes only during rush hours, from 7 to 10 a. m. and 4 to 7 p. m. These rush-hour lanes will demonstrate the benefits of giving people fast, convenient bus service, so L. A. ‘s political leaders will wholeheartedly support more dedicated busways and even 24-hour bus lanes.
34. What have Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation done
A. Making preparations for the 2028 Olympics.
B. Demanding the buses to run 40 miles per hour.
C. Arranging special bus lanes during rush hours.
D. Calling on citizens to take public transportation.
35. What does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Attract. B. Order. C. Force. D. Beg.
36. What led to the transformation
A. Politics. B. Public awareness. C. Economy. D. Marketing management.
37. What does the last paragraph imply
A. Some residents resist busways. B. More car lanes or parking will be lost.
C. Business owners conflict with bus riders. D. Public transportation may get more support.
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D
【导语】本文是篇新闻2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题14阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版
【近年高考考情】
考例1 (2023 全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23题
考例3 (2020 全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
考例4 (2023 全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
考例5 (2023 新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
考例6 (2020 全国Ⅲ卷 D篇) 34题
考例7 (2023 浙江1月卷 A篇) 23题
考例8 (2022 新高考II卷 A篇) 22题
考例9 (2022 全国乙卷 A篇) 22题
考例10 (2020 新高考卷 A篇) 21题
【实用解题妙招】
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
题型一 直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
考例1 (2023 全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
考例3 (2020 全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
21. What would you do to get ticket information
A. Call 13 16 17.
B. Visit .au.
C. Ask at the local station.
D. Check the train schedule.
题型二 间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。
考例4 (2023 全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
考例5 (2023 新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
考例6 (2020 全国Ⅲ卷 D篇) 34题
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
同义词复现:astonished与amazed为同义词 。
高频同义转换（动词类）
答案第12页，共12页
book=reserve=order
conduct=carry out
please=amuse=entertain
improve=promote
guarantee=ensure
document=record
ruin=destroy=damage=violate
declare=announce=inform
divide=separate=part with
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve
delay=put off=postpone
give=supply=provide=offer
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur
reject=refuse=turn down=decline
receive=accept
see=observe=notice=spot
search=explore
connect=link=relate=associate
discourage=frustrate
rent=hire
prove=turn out
remove=get rid of
admire=appreciate
possess=own
decide=determine=resolve to do
get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（名词类）
data=statistics
novel=fiction
feature=characteristics
career=occupation
manners=etiquette
gratitude=appreciation
experiment=trial
personality=character
stress=pressure
origin=pioneer
circumstance=environment=atmosphere
creation=innovation
achievement=recognition
option=choice=selection
material=resource
luggage=baggage=package
rule=regulation=principle
direction=discipline=guideline
colleague=coworker
essay=passage=article=text
approach=way=method=means
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty
attentive=focused
original=initial
final=eventual
obvious=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
time-honored=has a long history
dull=boring
daring=brave
extra=additional
glad=pleased=delighted
touched=moved
accessible=available=at hand
appropriate=proper=suitable
appealing=attractive
complex=complicated
safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous
places of interest=tourist attraction
result in=lead to=contribute to
be accustomed to=be used to doing
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
join in=take part in=participate in
=involve in=be engaged in
get ready for=be prepared for
focus on =concentrate on
transform A into B=turn A into B
in the long term=in the long run
hold on to=insist
take action=take measures=take steps to
keep in touch with=contact
deal with=cope with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
on the spot=on the scene
be proud of=take pride in
head into=leave for
arrive at=reach=get to=approach
in spite of=despite
from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
try doing=attempt to
be filled with=be charged with=be full of
run into=come across
take the place of=replace
from time to time=once in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
consist of =be made up of
for a moment=for a while
a collection of =a series of
figure out=find out
bright up=light up
roll around=turn up
give...a lecture=deliver a speech
draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
in favor of=favorable
题型三 数据计算题
要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
考例7 (2023 浙江1月卷 A篇) 23题
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
考例8 (2022 新高考II卷 A篇) 22题
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
22. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
考例9 (2022 全国乙卷 A篇) 22题
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
考例10 (2020 新高考卷 A篇) 21题
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
21. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
【高考真题再练】
1 (2023 新高考I卷 A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
2 (2023 新高考II卷 B篇)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【名校好题强化】
（23·24高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Volunteer by supporting a local animal rescue center in Costa Rica!
If you like animals and are also interested in preserving the environment, you will be perfect for this program. You will be helping out in and supporting a local animal shelter. Not only does this shelter take in homeless animals, but also wild animals which are in bad condition.
In addition to the caretaking of the animals, volunteers help us welcome visitors at the entrance and answer any questions that visitors may have about the shelter or its animals. As volunteers spend more days in the shelter, knowledge about wildlife management will grow.
Requirements
＊You need to be at least 15 years old on the program start date at the high school level or above.
＊Speaking English is a basic requirement.
＊No restrictions on nationality. Helping hands both in Costa Rica and beyond are welcome.
＊Your helping hand will be required from 09:00 to 15:00 on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.
Program fees
＊Booking payments (15%): The booking payment is simply to reserve your volunteer placement. Payment is made by PayPal. You can also pay using a credit card.
＊Final payments (85%): Your final payment will be agreed with Volunteer Now Costa Rica during the application process.
1. What can a volunteer do in the rescue center
A. Communicate with visitors. B. Get trained to place animals.
C. Give lectures about animals. D. Search for homeless animals.
2. Who can volunteer in the program
A. A French-speaking adult. B. A primary schoolchild.
C. A college student from America. D. A local person free on Fridays.
3. How much should a volunteer pay at least to make a reservation
A. $52.5. B. $105. C. $297.5. D. $350.
（23·24高二上·福建泉州·期中）If you are seeking to unlock the secrets to success, here are four books that offer invaluable wisdom and practical advice to help you along your path.
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Stephen R. Covey’s timeless classic outlines seven foundational principles for personal and professional success. From proactive (积极主动的) decision-making to effective leadership and interpersonal skills, this book stresses the importance of matching personal values with actions. It serves as a powerful guide to achieving long-term success and building meaningful relationships.
Outliers: The Story of Success
In the book, Malcolm Gladwell explores the factors that contribute to exceptional success. Through insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditional thoughts of talent and hard work, stressing the importance of opportunities, cultural backgrounds, and deliberate practice. This thought-provoking book encourages readers to rethink their approaches to success and shows the importance of making use of unique circumstances.
Mindset: The New Psychology of Success
In the book, Carol S. Dweck explores the power of mindset and its effect on personal growth and achievement. By distinguishing between a “fixed mindset” and a “growth mindset”, Dweck highlights how accepting challenges, maintaining resilience, and cultivating a love for learning can lead to remarkable success. This book provides valuable insights for transforming obstacles (障碍) into opportunities for growth.
Principles
Ray Dalio’s Principles is a transformative guidebook packed with valuable insights. Drawing on his extensive experience in investment management, Dalio shares practical wisdom for success. The book offers actionable principles for decision-making, problem-solving, and personal growth. By applying these principles, readers can deal with challenges, seize opportunities, and make a meaningful impact.
4. Which factors contributing to success does the second book stress
A. Talent and hard work. B. Creative thinking and teamwork.
C. Chances and cultural backgrounds. D. Adventurous action and confidence.
5. Whose book highlights the impact of mentality on individual development
A. Stephen R. Covey’s. B. Malcolm Gladwell’s.
C. Carol S. Dweck’s. D. Ray Dalio’s.
6. What is the text
A. A piece of news of new authors. B. A recommendation on books.
C. A paper on the secrets to success. D. A text on successfully writing books.
（23·24高一上·广东茂名·期中）Each year Canada Chocolate Town, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates our community’s rich and delicious heritage with our annual Chocolate Fest. Now in its 30th year, this week-long, family-oriented festival is “choc—full” of activities, fun events, and all things chocolate—related. Our beloved mascot, the Great Chocolate Mousse, and his lovely wife Tiffany, invite you to join us this August for the sweetest festival of the year—Chocolate Fest!
Carma Charlotte County Coffee Morning
9：30 a.m. to 12 noon
Location：St. Stephen Town Square
Come out and join us for a Starbucks coffee, cup of tea or juice and scrumptious home—baked goods, many featuring chocolate. Sponsored (赞助) by Carma Charlotte County and adoption programs (收养项目) —caring for homeless and feral cats.
Dots Delecto Birthday Party
11 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Location：Boys and Girls Club of Charlotte County
Who does St. Stephen love Dot Larsen! Please join us for chocolate cake and chocolate milk and help celebrate Dot’s birthday. Come and play in our indoor/outdoor playground, have your face painted and enjoy a barbecue, to help raise funds for the Barracuda Swim Team. For details call BGCCC, 466-4300.
Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party
12 noon to 3 p.m.
Location：Kings brae Garden, St. Andrews
Come to celebrate with Lucy and her friends for a picnic on our front lawn (草坪) —bring your own picnic or have lunch at our Garden Cafe. At 2 p.m., join Lucy and her friends for an amazing race adventure through the big maze (迷宫), find treasure in the fantasy garden and much, much more!
Cost：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Seniors, Free/Children 6 and younger.
7. When is the Dots Delecto Birthday Party open
A. 9：30 a.m.—12：00 a.m. B. 11：00 a.m.—2：00 p.m.
C. 12：00 a.m.—3：00 p.m. D. 2：00 p.m.—3：00 p.m.
8. How much at least should a couple with a boy aged 5 pay to join Lucy the Lady Bugs 1st Birthday Party
A. $44 B. $16 C. $28 D. $32
9. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a sports game.
B. To arrange some activities.
C. To advertise an annual fest.
D. To promote a cats brand.
（23·24上·济宁·期中）Nature is one of the greatest sources of inspiration for engineers and computer scientists to develop new technological tools. Over the past decade or so, roboticists have developed countless robots inspired by the behavior and biological mechanisms of snakes, fish, birds, insects and countless other animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology recently designed a new bio-inspired robot that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The robot is made up of a main body, two wheels and the tail-inspired component, which is controlled by an adaptive controller that allows it to turn in different directions within an area parallel (平行的) to the robot’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed to increase the robot’s stability are calculated using the so-called Lyapunov stability theorem, which is a theoretical construct that describes the stability of dynamic systems.
Most existing approaches to balancing vehicles with two wheels work by collecting a vehicle’s body height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electronic device that can measure a specific force acting on a body or object. Conventional approaches process the data collected by an IMU device and then carry out balancing strategies accordingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.
While many of these approaches achieved satisfactory results, the design put forward by this team of researchers introduces a practical alternative that does not involve adjusting the robot’s tilt angle. It is one of the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails of animals, to enhance a wheeled robot’s balance while considering uncertainty in the environment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the tail-like robotic mechanism in a series of tests. Their findings were very promising. as when the robot lost its balance in the tested environment, the artificial “tail” was able to re-balance it within no more than 3.5 seconds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism could be adapted to enhance the stability and balance of other existing or newly developed robots. In addition, the findings gathered as part of this study could inspire other roboticists to design similar tail-like components.
10. What’s special about the new robot
A. It is a bio-inspired robot.
B. It is identical to an insect.
C. Its “tail”promotes the stability control.
D. Its wheels are used to sustain its balance.
11. How are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed
A. By giving a definition. B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons.
12. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The adaptive controller. B. The bio-inspired robot.
C. The tail-like component. D. The surrounding environment.
13. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. Reasons for the research. B. Potentials of the research.
C. Complexities of the research. D. Challenges of the research.
（23·24高三上·福建三明·期中）Visionary architects design buildings which speak for themselves. From towering concrete pillars to sculptural modernist domes (穹顶), the work of Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi defined Indian architecture for the latter half of the 20th century. Known as B. V. Doshi, he was a versatile modernist architect — he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore. Sadly, the great architect died on January 24, 2023, at the age of 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.
Born on August 26, 1927, in Pune, southeast of Mumbai, Doshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came to appreciate how their house grew and changed. In 1947, shortly before Indian independence, he began architecture school. However, he never finished, a fact which he’d later point to in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Doshi lived in a house he designed and named for his beloved wife.
Doshi was influenced by the famous Swiss-French architect known as Le Corbusier. Doshi studied with him in Paris and then returned to India to supervise the architect’s work in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Doshi founded his own firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the world lecturing at universities, worked with other famous architects, and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (now CEPT University) focusing on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats.
“We did not want to imitate someone else’s approach,” he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018. “We wanted to find our own identity.” He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs. “I think of my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a conversation with them, and that’s how I create niches and staircases and openings and gardens…my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.”
Aside from his modern works, Doshi was devoted to creating works to benefit the poor. He designed the Aranya Low Cost Housing Project in Indore. The photographer Iwan Baan, who photographed some of Doshi’s works, described the artist as “the most approachable architect I know. Even very poor people in his public housing projects knew him, which is exceptional.”
14. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “versatile” in paragraph 1
A. popular B. modest C. forward-looking D. well-rounded
15. What do we know about Doshi’s life
A. He had a miserable childhood.
B. He regretted leaving school early.
C. He made a contribution to higher education in architecture.
D. He set up his company under the guidance of Le Corbusier.
16. What does the author want to illustrate by quoting Doshi’s words
A. The public support for Doshi.
B. The originality of Doshi’s works.
C. Doshi’s open mind on Indian culture.
D. Doshi’s love of architectural design.
17. What is the purpose of the text
A. To define India’s modern architecture.
B. To encourage people to visit Doshi’s works.
C. To advertise Doshi’s architectural philosophy.
D. To give a brief account of India’s great architect Doshi.
（23·24上·惠州·期中）The input Dad has on my career is incomparable. My earliest memories are of Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening to his favourite song by his favourite singer, and encouraging his little girl to poke (戳) keys randomly on the piano. Even watching Top of the Pops, he would get so passionate about music in it. We weren’t a religious family, but there was something spiritual about Dad’s connection with music.
Music also became a source of comfort for me. I failed to do well academically at school and had no friends. Being at school consumed so much of my emotional energy. Instead of going to school to learn stuff, I felt as though I was simply trying to get people to like me. Things were better, but the only time I truly felt happy was when I was at home listening to music with Mum and Dad or writing songs on the piano —and the older I got, the more powerful music felt.
Dad was always my biggest supporter. When I started giving live performances at the local bar, he was the one who drove me there and back. Freeing up that time wasn’t easy for an actor. His job might mean three weeks in the Czech Republic or working with George Lucas on The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones in Hollywood.
Dad has been involved with some amazing stuff, but Daddy Pig is the one that’s had the biggest impact all over the world. When I was flying to Australia for my first tour, I was trying to find something to watch on the little screen and I noticed they had Peppa Pig. If I’m missing home and family, I always put it on. Daddy Pig is a fairly real version of my dad —he loves chocolate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying to mend them. Mum and Dad were friends with one of the producers of the show and I often wonder if he looked at my dad and thought, “That’s him …that’s Daddy Pig.”
18. What can we learn about the author’s father
A. He was good at writing songs.
B. He was attached to music in his soul.
C. He encouraged her to play the guitar.
D. He was passionate about watching TV series.
19. How did the author’s father support her career
A. By picking her up in a tight schedule.
B. By doing a demanding job as an actor.
C. By watching her musical performances.
D. By giving live performances at the local bar.
20. Why did the author mention Peppa Pig
A. It’s her favourite childhood cartoon.
B. She saw her father through Daddy Pig.
C. She took pride in this world famous cartoon.
D. It’s a cartoon about her hometown and motherland.
21. Which of the following can best describe the author’s Dad
A. Funny and honest. B. Strict and hardworking.
C. Famous and patient. D. Supportive and influential.
（2023·江苏·模拟预测）On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle’s home. Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3,000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in to-go cups. “When things were tough, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn’t stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1,300, and letters flooded to Chittle’s home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It’s more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
22. Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A. To deal with an emergency. B. To send water to the community.
C. To ensure people’s safety in the town. D. To help with Chittle building the ice rink.
23. What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A. Persuade his neighbors to make donations. B. Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C. Turn to the Internet for tips and materials. D. Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
24. How did the ice rink affect the community
A. It made the community popular in Mantan. B. It slowed down the pace of the residents’ life.
C. It offered people there comfort and company. D. It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
25. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A. Everyone could make a difference to society. B. Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C. The community got better due to the ice rink. D. Chittle had goodwill to the whole community.
（23·24高二上·湖北咸宁·阶段练习）I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using a pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda, and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Growing up, I was virtually never a big fan of novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.
To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.
What surprised me the most was how much I learned. Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life in different countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories. The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.
26. What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety
A. He drowned it in chocolate. B. He conducted an experiment.
C. He slept on the sofa leisurely. D. He escaped into a fantasy world.
27. What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2
A. Reading novels was a waste of time.
B. Reading a good book was time well spent.
C. He was too busy to take good care of his books.
D. The Harry Potter book wasn’t as good as expected.
28. How did the New Year ’s resolution benefit the author
A. More sympathy went out to him.
B. His moral values were strengthened.
C. He learned much about religious diversity.
D. He gained new insight into his academic discipline.
29. What’s the best title of the text
A. Reading: A Lifelong Hobby B. The Power of Research Papers
C. Novels: Love at Second Sight D. The Benefits of History Reading
（23·24高三上·湖南常德·阶段练习）An educator with a passion for getting children emotionally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lesson to students as a polar bear stayed on his shoulder. The bear seemed to say “hi” to them about climate change.
Gavin McCormack is trying to bring the “amazing natural phenomena” to the fingertips of children in an attempt to get them to help stop rising sea levels and become passionate about climate change, which is threatening the home of polar bears.
The primary school teacher decided to jump headfirst into his teachings and spent ten days on an icebreaker heading towards the North Pole. On the first day at sea, a polar bear climbed out of the water right in front of him and onto an island where it was attacked by a group of Arctic terns (北极燕鸥).
“Each day is different but so interesting,” McCormack said. “This week, my dream to teach children about the wonder of a polar bear with one right over my shoulder came true.”
The most memorable moment for him while in the Arctic was when his ship reached the pack ice. The ship crunched (嘎吱地响) through the ice as they reached 82 degrees north and the noise was deafening. Earlier this week he launched his new course “Be the Change”, which is free to all schools nationwide. “Be the Change” is designed to empower children, families and communities around the world to bring about changes and make global impacts. “It takes a course-related approach to improve the world in meaningful ways,” Mr. McCormack said.
McCormack hopes to teach the “leaders of tomorrow” to include nature and the climate in every decision they make. He is planning another course named “It Starts With You”, with the hopes of bringing purposeful education to as many children as possible.
“Working alongside teachers, schools and students, we believe that when children are empowered to make real choices about the future, the skills for life are developed not through listening to what others tell them, but through experience,” McCormack said.
30. Why did McCormack head to the North Pole
A. To observe an amazing natural sight.
B. To measure the rate of sea level rise.
C. To save polar bears from extinction.
D. To educate children in a real situation.
31. What can we learn about polar bears according to the text
A. They are friendly towards human beings.
B. Climate change causes the loss of their habitats.
C. Arctic terns are their natural enemies.
D. Hunger drives them out of water for food.
32. What does “Be the Change” aim to do
A. To make a difference in improving the world.
B. To change people’s decision-making methods.
C. To teach students to think twice before making choices.
D. To develop students’ life skills through experience.
33. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Climate Change — A Worldwide Concern
B. New Ways of Teaching About Climate Change
C. Join Hands and Say No to Global Warming
D. An Interesting Trip to the North Pole
（23·24高三上·江苏徐州·期中）The best advertisement for public transportation is seeing a bus whoosh past lines of cars stuck in traffic. When transit is convenient, comfortable, affordable and faster than driving, the service practically sells itself. That’s why a recent bus-lane boom in Los Angeles is so welcome.
Since 2019, Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation have rolled out nine new segments (路段) for a total of 40 miles of bus lanes on some of the most crowded streets with high bus ridership, such as La Brea Avenue, Venice Boulevard and Alvarado Street. The goal is to have 100 miles in place before the 2028 Olympics.
The result has been faster, more reliable service for passengers—and for drivers stuck in traffic, maybe even a little bus envy. Better bus service is essential to get people to jobs, schools and opportunities, and to entice drivers out of cars to help reduce planet warming emissions.
Great transformation has taken place since. Transit advocates have pressed Metro and elected officials to stop treating bus riders as an afterthought. Former Councilmember Mike Bonin, who also sat on Metro’s governing board, pushed for the creation of the Bus Speed and Reliability Working Group. With a clear goal—to speed up the buses—and a mandate (授权) from political leaders, staff at the two agencies were able to cut through bureaucratic barriers that often stymie (阻碍) public works projects.
Bus Rapid Transit, or busways, with dedicated lanes and special stops, have faced resistance from some residents and business owners, who worry about losing car lanes or parking. The compromise is that most bus riders get the benefit of bus lanes only during rush hours, from 7 to 10 a. m. and 4 to 7 p. m. These rush-hour lanes will demonstrate the benefits of giving people fast, convenient bus service, so L. A. ‘s political leaders will wholeheartedly support more dedicated busways and even 24-hour bus lanes.
34. What have Metro and the city’s Department of Transportation done
A. Making preparations for the 2028 Olympics.
B. Demanding the buses to run 40 miles per hour.
C. Arranging special bus lanes during rush hours.
D. Calling on citizens to take public transportation.
35. What does the underlined word “entice” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Attract. B. Order. C. Force. D. Beg.
36. What led to the transformation
A. Politics. B. Public awareness. C. Economy. D. Marketing management.
37. What does the last paragraph imply
A. Some residents resist busways. B. More car lanes or parking will be lost.
C. Business owners conflict with bus riders. D. Public transportation may get more support.
（2023·重庆梁平·一模）Since we are vulnerable (脆弱的) when we sleep, sleep must play a critical role, or evolution wouldn’t have selected for it. Early humans had to hunt, gather food and protect themselves. Those activities consumed much time, so unless sleep served very important purposes, those who slept less would have an advantage. Yet sleeping for long hours of the night was kept for years, but scientists had only general ideas about what happened during sleep. Recently, Dr. Chiara Chiarelli, a neuroscientist, shared what sleep neuroscience research has discovered.
Neural (神经的) networks in the brain are connected through synapses (神经突触) which allow signals to flow throughout the brain and onto cells. During waking hours, new learning can strengthen the connections. You can think of knowledge acquired over a long time as a group of well-connected neural paths. When you learn something new, new paths are connected to the old. During the waking hours, your brain processes massive amounts of new insignificant information, say remembering where you parked your car. But that memory has to be preserved at least until you reach the car. It establishes a new connection to your memory of what your car looks like, a well-established “old” memory. The brain creates so many connections daily that particular circuits can be heavily burdened.
Dr. Cirelli explained that during sleep, a great many synaptic connections are weakened so that connections are more available for new learning the next day. Continuing with the parked car example, the exact location of the parked car is not needed again, so the connections are weakened. In fact, if it were not, you might memorize hundreds of places where you have parked, leading to considerable confusion!
You don’t have to be a scientist to understand that not sleeping well affects next day functioning — this is common cultural wisdom. Dr. Cirelli’s research is an example of science showing the “why” and “how” mechanisms that underlie that wisdom.
38. What does the example of early humans show
A. Sleep wasn’t as important as it is today.
B. Our ancestors had a hard time surviving.
C. Sleep is significant in the history of humans.
D. Whoever sleeps less enjoys more advantages.
39. What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 2
A. Our memory can be kept over a long period of time.
B. Our brain can be overloaded with synaptic connections.
C. Our brain’s neural network is connected through synapses.
D. Our new learning is based on well-established old memories
40. What has Dr. Cirelli’s research discovered
A. Sleep relieves synaptic burden. B. Sleep carries cultural wisdom.
C. Sleep broadens neural paths. D. Sleep stimulates brain development.
41. What’s the author’s attitude to Dr. Cirelli’s research
A. Doubtful B. Unclear
C. Dismissive (鄙视的) D. Approving
（23·24高三上·江苏徐州·期中）Nuclear energy is one of the cleanest power on earth. It is cleaner than any energy source except wind. But that doesn’t necessarily mean nuclear is the long-term solution for the world because nuclear material is perhaps the most poisonous matter on earth. In addition, uranium, the element most commonly used in nuclear reactors, is not in limitless supply. But the biggest problem is nuclear waste.
How can we deal with nuclear waste The answer is simple—put them somewhere where they can stay, undisturbed, isolated, forever. Finland is building just that. This region is largely lacking in natural disasters. It really doesn’t encounter any natural phenomenon that could damage a nuclear waste storage site, especially if it’s 1, 500 feet underground. Beneath an island on the Finnish Baltic Sea coast, the country is digging. They’ re building the very first permanent nuclear waste storage facility in the world in the stable bedrock 1,500 feet below.
Currently they’ re just finishing their dig down, then very soon they’ll start filling the facility with nuclear waste. They’ll dig long tunnels with small holes in which they’ll place nuclear waste then backfill the tunnels with clay to be left forever.
With this system, there’s near zero risk of nuclear material leaking out into the groundwater and, once it’s filled in the year 2120, it can just be left, forever. Because the material will be so far down and so difficult to get to, no human management will be necessary once completed.
No security, no maintenance, nothing which means it should be truly secure, but before leaving it, Finland needs to fight against one thing—human nature. As curious beings, it’s hard to fight a person’s urge of discovery. If someone finds a mysterious structure from thousands of years ago, it’d just be natural to want to open it up, and that’s a problem for nuclear waste sites.
We essentially did just that with the pyramids in Egypt. These structures were built as the final, permanent resting places and we opened them up because we were curious. Opening the nuclear storage facilities would release radiation into a future civilization, so we have to tell them to leave the sites alone, but that’s easier said than done.
42. Why is Finland building a nuclear storage site deep underground
A. The tunnels there are easy to dig. B. The supply of uranium is limited.
C. Modern technology makes it possible. D. No natural disaster can influence the site.
43. What human nature does the author worry about
A. Being curious. B. A desire for security.
C. Being adventurous. D. A desire for control.
44. What is the author’s attitude toward Finland’s action
A. Supportive. B. Tolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Pessimistic.
45. Why are the pyramids in Egypt mentioned
A. To arouse people’s curiosity. B. To predict the site’s development.
C. To illustrate the author’s concern. D. To stress the importance of the project.
