专题01-名词
中考英语知识清单(通用版)
目录
1.名词的数(可数名词): 1
2.名词的数(不可数名词) 3
3.名词所有格 4
4.牛刀小试 5
1.名词的数(可数名词):
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:
1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books;
pen-pens;
eraser-erasers
2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;
box-boxes;
watch-watches
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies;
country-countries;
city-cities
注意:
如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如:boy-boys;
toy-toys
4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;
leaf-leaves;
knife-knives
5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos;
radio-radios;
piano- pianos;
tomato-tomatoes;
potato-potatoes
6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women;
child-children;
foot-feet;
tooth-teeth;
mouse-mice
7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:
如:sheep;
deer;
Chinese;
Japanese
注意:
有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。
常用的这类词有:
class 班级;
team 队(员);
family 家庭/人;
government 政府;
group 组(员)
如:
The family is not large.
这个家庭不大。(指家庭这个整体)
The family are all music lovers.
这一家人都是音乐爱好者。(指家庭中的成员)
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)
在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。
2.名词的数(不可数名词)
1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:
The rich man has a lot of money.
那个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass?
杯子里有一些水吗?
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。
2)用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。
a piece of paper;
a piece of wood;
a piece of bread;
a bottle of orange;
a glass of water(milk);
a cup of tea;
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。
two cups of tea;
four pieces of paper;
three glasses of water;
three bags of rice;
3.名词所有格
名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。
1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“-’s”。
如:
This is my father’s car.
这是我父亲的汽车。
2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“-’s”形式。
如:
Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?
3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。
如:
Look at the map of China, please.
请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl.
我知道这个女孩的名字。
注意:
1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加“-’s”,
如:
This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father.
这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)
如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加 “-’s”,
如:
These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.
这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自所有)
2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”;而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“-’s”。
如:
It is about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。
Here is the Children’s Palace.
这里是少年宫。
3)双重所有格:
“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。
如:
Tom is a friend of my father’s.
汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。
I gave him two photos of mine.
我给了他我的两张照片。
4.牛刀小试
1.(2022·山东济南·模拟预测)—Mum, I’m hungry. May I have some ________
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A.bread B.noodle C.apple D.tea
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我饿了。我可以吃些面包吗?——当然可以,但是不要吃太多。考查名词的数。bread“面包”,不可数名词;noodle“面条”,可数名词单数;apple“苹果”,可数名词单数;tea“茶”,不可数名词。some后接不可数名词或是可数名词复数,故排除选项B和C。又因答语“ But don’t eat too much.”不要吃太多,故排除选项D。故选A。
2.(2022·吉林·东北师大附中明珠学校模拟预测)I saw________ mothers talking under that big tree about ten minutes ago.
A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy’s and Lily C.Lucy and Lily’s D.Lucy’s and Lily’s
【答案】D
【详解】句意:大约十分钟前,我看到露西和莉莉的妈妈在那棵大树下聊天。考查名词所有格。根据“mothers”及选项可知,此处指露西和莉莉两个人各自的妈妈,一共两位妈妈,故在Lucy和Lily后各加-’s所有格,修饰名词mothers。故选D。
3.(2022·重庆九龙坡·模拟预测)—What kind of noodles do you prefer
—The _________ noodles, of course.
A.egg and tomato B.eggs and tomato
C.egg and tomatoes D.eggs and tomatoes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么样的面条?——当然是鸡蛋西红柿面。考查名词辨析。此空作定语修饰名词noodles,名词要用单数形式,故选A。
4.(2022·四川凉山·模拟预测)—Is this bag ________
—No, the red one is ________.
A.Kate’s;her B.Kate;her C.Kate;hers D.Kate’s;hers
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这个包是Kate的吗?——不,那个红色的包才是她的。考查名词所有格和名词性物主代词。Kate’s是名词所有格,表示“Kate的”;Kate人名;her她(宾格);她的(形容词性物主代词);hers她的(人或物),名词性物主代词。结合语境,可知问句是询问包是Kate的包吗,应用名词所有格,第一空应填Kate’s。答句中,红色的那个是她的包,空格后没有名词,因此第二空应填名词性物主代词,应填hers。故选D。
5.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置,我可以完美地看到我们的城市。考查名词辨析。tradition传统;condition条件;position位置;situation形式,情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知,此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。
6.(2022·江苏江苏·二模)—Who is your favourite ________ in the series A Life Long Journey (人世间)
—Zhou Bingkun is.
A.director B.writer C.reader D.character
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——在《人世间》系列中,谁是你最喜欢的角色?——周秉昆。考查名词辨析。director导演;writer作者;reader读者;character角色。根据“Zhou Bingkun”可知,此处问的是你最喜欢的角色。故选D。
7.(2021·广西·平果市教研室二模)Excuse me, could you pass me some _________
A.milk B.cake C.pear D.tomato
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不好意思,你能帮我递些牛奶吗?考查名词的数。milk牛奶,不可数名词。cake蛋糕,可数名词单数;pear梨子,可数名词单数;tomato西红柿,可数名词单数。some后面可带不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。故选A。
8.(2022·江苏苏州·二模)I’m sorry that I made you get into a difficult ________. .
A.mess B.humour C.lecture D.situation
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我很抱歉让你陷入困境。考查名词辨析。mess混乱;humour幽默;lecture讲座;situation情况。根据“difficult”可知,是陷入困境,因此“situation”符合句意。故选D。
9.(2018·四川眉山·中考真题)—How many_______doctors are there in your hospital, David
—_______them _______over one hundred.
A.woman,The number of, is B.women,A number of, are
C.woman,A number of, is D.women,The number of, is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——戴维,在你们医院有多少女医生?——他们的人数是100多。the number of…….的数量,作主语,谓语用第三人称单数。a number of一些,修饰名词,作主语,谓语用复数形式。第一空how many修饰复数名词,woman doctor女医生,其复数形式为women doctors。第二空根据over one hundred可知此处表示数量,故用the number of,谓语用第三人称单数is。故选D。
10.(2019·江苏连云港·中考真题)On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the __________110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar
A.man B.men C.men's D.mens'
【答案】C
【详解】句意“4月24日,谢文俊在卡塔尔亚洲田径锦标赛男子110米跨栏上获得了金牌”。本题考查名词所有格。A.男人(单数);B.男人(复数);C.男人的;D.形式错误,应为men’s。根据hurdles可知,应用men,译为“男人的110米栏”,用名词所有格,men后没有s,用’s,故选C。
11.(2022·云南昆明·二模)Mr.Wang gave me several useful ________ on how to learn better.
A.advise B.advices C.suggest D.suggestions
【答案】D
【详解】句意:王老师就如何更好地学习给了我好几条有用的建议。考查词义词性辨析。advise建议,动词;advices建议,错误表达,不可数名词无复数;suggest建议,动词;suggestions建议,可数名词复数形式。根据several“几个”可知,空处应填可数名词复数形式。故选D。
12.(2022·重庆一中一模)A number of _______ doctors did a good job in the fight against COVID-19.
A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:许多女医生在抗击新冠肺炎方面表现出色。考查复合名词的复数形式。woman妇女,名词单数形式;woman’s女人的,名词单数形式的名词所有格;women名词复数形式;women’s复数形式的名词所有格。A number of “许多”修饰复数名词;根据语境,可知此处表达的是“女医生们”,应用“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词,变成复数形式时,两个词都要变成复数,即women doctors。故选C。
13.(2020·广西·南宁十四中三模)—Peter often answers the teacher’s ________ in class, doesn’t he
—Yes, he is very active.
A.problems B.questions C.messages D.difficulties
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——彼得经常在课堂上回答老师的问题,不是吗?——是的。他非常活跃。考查名词辨析。problems难题;questions问题;messages信息;difficulties困难。根据谓语动词“answers”可知,此处对应的宾语为“questions”。故选B。
14.(2022·天津津南·一模)September comes after ________ .
A.July B.August C.June D.October
【答案】B
【详解】句意:九月在八月之后到来。考查月份名词的辨析。July七月;August八月;June六月;October十月。结合常识可知,八月之后是九月。故选B。
15.(2022·江苏南通·一模)The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A.ability B.size C.quality D.energy
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在你的文章中字数不重要,但它的质量很重要。考查名词辨析。ability能力;size尺寸;quality质量;energy能量。根据“The number of the words in your article isn’t important”可知文章的字数不重要,结合常识可知重要是是质量。故选C。
16.(2022·广西河池·一模)—I’m hungry, mom.
—Look! Some ________ is on the plate. You can eat it.
A.eggs B.water C.pears D.bread
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我饿了,妈妈。——看!盘子里有一些面包。你可以吃。考查名词辨析。eggs鸡蛋;water水;pears梨;bread面包。根据“it”可知要用不可数名词,排除AC;再由“I’m hungry, mom.”及“eat”可知要吃面包,而不是喝水,排除B。故选D。
17.(2022·浙江·温州外国语学校二模)It’s said that a new ________ will be open near our school, offering some Ou culture exhibitions.
A.farm B.museum C.restaurant D.factory
【答案】B
【详解】句意:据说一个新博物馆将在我们学校附近开放,提供一些瓯文化展览。
考查名词词义辨析。farm农场;museum博物馆;restaurant餐馆;factory工厂。根据“offering some Ou culture exhibitions”可知,这里指要开一个新博物馆,故选B。
18.(2022·广西·环江毛南族自治县教育局三模)—I hear there are three foreign students in your class.
—Yes. One is an ________ and the other two are ________.
A.Australian, Germans B.Australians, Germen
C.Australians, Germans D.Australian, Germen
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我听说你们班有三名外国学生。——是的。一个是澳大利亚人,另外两个是德国人。考查名词的单复数。Australian澳大利亚人;German德国人。第一个空前有不定冠词an,后加名词单数,排除BC;空二处应用名词复数,而German的复数形式为Germans。故选A。
19.(2021·山东·济南市济阳天山外国语学校二模)_________ is the most important festival in China.
A.May Day B.Dragon Boat Festival
C.Spring Festival D.Mid-Autumn Day
【答案】C
【详解】句意:春节是中国最重要的节日。考查常识。May Day劳动节;Dragon Boat Festival端午节;Spring Festival春节;Mid-Autumn Day中秋节。根据“ the most important festival in China”可知,中国最重要的节日是春节。故选C。
20.(2022·安徽·模拟预测)Chinese government always puts the ________ of people first when accidents happen.
A.safety B.wealth C.success D.fame
【答案】A
【详解句意:当事故发生时,中国政府总是把人民的安全放在第一位。考查名词辨析。safety安全;wealth财富;success成功;fame名誉。根据后文“when accidents happen”及常识可知当意外发生时,中国政府放在首位的是民众的安全。故选A。
21.(2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)—Can I help you
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A.a few informations B.a little informations
C.a little information D.a few information
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以帮到你吗?——请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况。考查不定代词及不可数名词。a few一些,修饰可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词。information是不可数名词,无复数形式,排除A和B选项。修饰不可数名词用a little,故选C。
22.(2022·天津·模拟预测)Studying in another country is a different ________. You can have a try.
A.tradition B.difference C.experience D.report
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在另一个国家学习是一种不同的经历。你可以试试。考查名词辨析。tradition“传统”;difference“差异”;experience“经历,体验,经验”;report“汇报,报告”。根据主语“Studying in another country”可知是一种经历,故选C。
23.(2021·四川广元·中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
A.man teachers B.men teachers C.woman teachers D.women teacher
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。考查名词复数。结合动词are可知,名词要用复数形式,以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数,B选项正确,故选B。
24.(2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模)The government has made some _________ in environment protection.
A.mistake B.decision C.change D.progress
【答案】D
【详解】句意:政府在环境保护方面取得了一些进展。考查名词的数。mistake错误;decision决定;change变化;progress进展。mistake,decision和change为可数名词,progress为不可数名词,some+可数名词复数或者不可数名词,故选D。
25.(2022·上海青浦·一模)The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money.
A.sheep B.cow C.pig D.chicken
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位农民在他的农场里饲养了大量的羊,出售以换取食物和金钱。考查名词复数。sheep绵羊,可数名词,复数形式为sheep;cow奶牛,单数可数名词;pig猪,单数可数名词;chicken鸡,单数可数名词。plenty of“大量的、相当多的”,修饰可数名词时,名词应用复数形式。故选A。
26.(2022·重庆·模拟预测)Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.
A.chair B.flower C.furniture D.picture
【答案】C
【详解】句意:斯特拉下个月要搬去新公寓了,因此她计划买一些家具。考查不可数名词的数。chair椅子(可数名词);flower花(可数名词);furniture家具(不可数名词);picture图片(可数名词)。some后跟可数名词要用复数,也可接不可数名词,结合选项,故选C。
27.(2021·江苏连云港·中考真题)The ________ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A.180 kilometer long B.180 kilometers long
C.180-kilometer-long D.180-kilometers-long
【答案】C
【详解】句意:长180公里的连云港至徐州高铁今年向公众开放。考查名词作定语。此处作定语,排除AB;含有连字符的名词短语作定语,名词需要用单数。故选C。
28.(2021·西藏·中考真题)All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teachers D.women teacher
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花。考查复合名词复数的用法。“女教师”由woman teacher来表示,而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词的复数形式,其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式,为women teachers。故选C。
29.(2017·湖北咸宁·中考真题)—Who won the first prize of the _______ World Table Tennis Championship
—You mean the match held in _______ Ma Long did.
A.fifty-four; German B.fifty-fourth; Germany
C.fifty-fourth; German D.fifty-four; Germany
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——谁获得了第五十四届世界乒乓球锦标赛的第一名?——你的意思是在德国举行的那场比赛吗?马龙。考查序数词和词义辨析。fifty-four五十四,基数词;fifty-fourth第五十四,序数词;German德国的,德语;Germany德国,名词。结合语境和第一空前“the”可知这里用序数词表示顺序,排除选项A和D。答句表示在德国举行的比赛,因此这里用名词“德国Germany”。故选B。
30.(2017·贵州黔东南·中考真题)Kaili is one of the most beautiful ________ in Guizhou.
A.place B.cities C.town D.country
【答案】B
【详解】句意:凯里是贵州最美丽的城市之一。考查名词辨析。place地方;cities城市;town城镇;country国家。根据“one of the 最高级 + 名词复数”可知,此空需要名词复数。故选B。
31.(2022·辽宁沈阳·一模)Sometimes a little action can make a difference to a ________ life.
A.person B.person’s C.persons D.persons’
【答案】B
【详解】句意:有时候,一个小小的行动就能改变一个人的生活。考查名词所有格。a修饰可数名词单数,排除CD;此处作定语修饰life,用名词所有格。故选B。
32.(2021·黑龙江大庆·二模)—Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your ________ holiday
—Maybe I will go to Shenzhen. I have never visited ________ city.
A.five days’; the most fantastic B.five days; the most fantastic
C.five-day; a more fantastic D.five-days; a more fantastic
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Lucy,你有什么计划来度过五天的假期吗?——也许我会去深圳。我从未去过一个更奇妙的城市。考查名词所有格和形容词比较级。“五天的假期”可以表示为five days’ holiday或five-day holiday,故排除选项B和D;第二句最后省略了than Shenzhen,用比较级的否定表达最高级含义,fantastic为多音节形容词,变比较级前面加more。故选C。
33.(2021·江苏徐州·二模)Kelly is not so quick, but she has a good habit of working hard. It is like a hidden ________.
A.promise B.tradition C.treasure D.difference
【答案】C
【详解】句意:凯利没有那么快,但她有努力工作的好习惯。它就像一个隐藏的宝藏。
考查名词辨析。promise承诺;tradition传统;treasure宝藏;difference区别。根据“she has a good habit of working hard.”可知,是像一个隐藏的宝藏,因此treasure符合句意。故选C。
34.(2021·广西百色·中考真题)Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm.
A.chicken and sheep B.chickens and sheeps
C.chickens and sheep D.chicken and sheeps
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李叔叔有一个农场,在农场上有一些鸡和羊。考查名词复数的用法。根据“there are some…on the farm”可知,农场上会有鸡和羊。some后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,chicken鸡,复数形式是chickens;sheep羊,复数形式是sheep,故选C。
35.(2021·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—You have a nice house! Whose room is this
— It’s ________.
A.Jack and Peter’s B.Jack’s and Peter’s C.Jack’s and Peter D.Jack and Peter
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的房子真漂亮!这是谁的房间?——这是Jack和Peter的。考查名词所有格。Jack and Peter’s是指Jack和Peter两人共同的;Jack’s and Peter’s指Jack和Peter两人各自的;C选项形式错误;Jack and Peter指两个人。根据句中“Whose room is this”可知,答语中应表示“是……的”,且这里提到的是一个房间,因此应该是Jack和Peter两人共同的。故选A。
36.(2019·四川巴中·中考真题)— It’s too hot! Let’s have some ________ to drink.
— Good idea.
A.eggs B.milks C.bread D.water
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——太热了! 我们喝点水吧。——好主意。考查名词词义辨析及不可数名词。eggs鸡蛋,可数名词复数;milk牛奶,不可数名词;bread面包,不可数名词;water水,不可数名词。根据句中drink“喝”可知,只能是milk或drink,milk为不可数名词,不能加s,所以只有water符合语境,故选D。
37.(2022·江苏南京·一模)Dancing is one of my ________. I take dancing classes twice a week.
A.hobby B.hobbies C.habit D.habits
【答案】B
【详解】句意:舞蹈是我的爱好之一。我每周上两次舞蹈课。考查名词。hobby“爱好”;hobbies名词复数;habit“习惯”;habits名词复数。one of+名词复数,表示“……之一”,“dancing”属于爱好,故选B。
38.(2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题)The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’
【答案】C
【详解】句意:电影《送你一朵小红花》展现了父母对孩子的爱。考查所有格。此处表达的是“父母的爱”,parents是以s结尾的复数名词,所有格直接加’即可,故选C。
39.(2021·四川凉山·一模)—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday
—Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________.
A.pigs; chicken B.sheep; chickens C.fishes; chicken D.duck; chickens
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你昨天在农场玩得开心吗?——是的,我们看到了许多美丽的花和许多羊和鸡。考查名词复数。pig“猪”,复数形式为pigs;sheep“绵羊”,复数形式还是sheep;chicken“小鸡”,复数形式是chickens;fish“鱼”,复数形式还是fish;duck“鸭子”,复数形式为ducks。lots of后跟可数名词复数,此处只有B选项表达形式正确,故选B。
40.(2022·吉林长春·一模)—I often go to the science museum on the weekend.
— I guess we have different . I love novels.
A.troubles B.interests C.promises D.standards
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——周末我经常去科学博物馆。——我想我们有不同的兴趣。我喜欢小说。考查名词辨析。troubles“麻烦”;interests“兴趣”;promises“诺言”;standards“标准”。根据“I love novels.”可知,两人的兴趣爱好不同。故选B。
41.(2022·安徽·模拟预测)—The science fiction film The Wandering Earth was a great________.
—Yes. Many people were shocked by it.
A.invention B.beauty C.decision D.success
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——科幻电影《流浪地球》是一项巨大的成功。——是的,很多人为这个电影感到惊叹。考查名词。invention发明;beauty美丽;decision决定;success成功。根据“Yes. Many people were shocked by it”可知讲述这个电影很成功,用名词“success”。故选D。
42.(2021·山东青岛·中考真题)Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.
A.treasure B.resolution C.pleasure D.standard
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国传统医学是我们民族的伟大财富。考查名词辨析。treasure财富;resolution决议;pleasure快乐;standard标准。根据“Traditional Chinese Medicine”可知,中国传统医学是巨大的财富,结合选项,treasure符合句意。故选A。
43.(2022·重庆·模拟预测)We have a ________ holiday during Dragon Boat Day.
A.three days B.three-day C.three-days D.three day’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意:端午节期间我们有三天的假期。考查“数词-名词”结构作定语。三天的假期a three-day holiday=three days’ holiday。故选B。
44.(2016·广西来宾·中考真题)—There are many ________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of ________ are planted on it.
A.photo; potato B.photos; potatos
C.photos; potatoes D.photoes; potatoes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——有许多关于这个农场的照片。——是的, 在农场上种了很多马铃薯。考查名词的用法。photo照片,可数名词;potato马铃薯,可数名词;根据答句中的“planted”可知,种植的是potato,且其前有lots of 修饰,故第二空用potato的复数形式potatoes;第一空前有many修饰,因此要用photo的复数形式photos。故选C。
45.(2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)My parents always have a ________ holiday in the Spring Festival.
A.seven days B.seven day’s C.seven-day D.seven day
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我父母在春节总是有七天的假期。考查名词。复合名词当定语,基数词和名词之间要有连字符隔开,且名词只能用单数形式;所以排除D;用名词所有格当定语,复数名词的所有格-s’,所以排除A和B。故选C。
46.(2021·内蒙古·呼和浩特市回民区教育局教科研室二模)—I wonder ________ Shanghai is from New York.
—It’s about 15 ________ flight.
A.how long, hours’ B.how far, hours’
C.how much, hour’s D.how far, hours
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我想知道上海离纽约有多远。——坐飞机大约15个小时的路程。
考查宾语从句的引导词以及名词所有格。how long 多长时间;how far 多远;how much 多少,多少钱;hour是名词,意为“小时”。根据“It’s about 15...flight.”可知,这里表示“有多远”。所以第一个空用how far。15 后面加名词复数,“坐飞机15小时的路程”,故用名词所有格形式。故选B。
47.(2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题)In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在两个人的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。考查名词辨析。information信息;pronunciation发音;introduction介绍;communication交流;根据“In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知,此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言,故选D。
48.(2021·天津河东·模拟预测)This bedroom is mine. That bedroom is ________.
A.Jim’s and Tom’s B.Jim’s and Tom C.Jim and Tom’s D.Jim and Tom
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这间卧室是我的。那间卧室是吉姆和汤姆的。考查名词所有格。此处表示所属关系,用名词所有格;再由“That bedroom”可知两人共用一个房间,用Jim and Tom’s表示“Jim和Tom的”。故选C。
49.(2021·广西河池·中考真题)—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home
—Ok, mom.
A.egg B.beef C.banana D.potato
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Lisa,你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗?——好的,妈妈。考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋,可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;banana香蕉,可数名词;potato土豆,可数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,ACD都应该用其复数形式,排除ACD,故选B。
50.(2021·山东东营·中考真题)—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A.surveys B.reports C.researches D.achievements
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我听说袁隆平去世了感到很悲伤。——我也是。我们失去了一位英雄。他对杂交水稻的成就帮助中国人解决了吃饭的问题。考查名词。surveys调查;reports报告;researches研究;achievements成就。根据“on hybrid rice”可知讲述的是袁隆平的成就,用名词 “achievements”。故选D。
1专题01-名词
中考英语知识清单(通用版)
目录
1.名词的数(可数名词): 1
2.名词的数(不可数名词) 3
3.名词所有格 4
4.牛刀小试 5
1.名词的数(可数名词):
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为:
1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
如:book-books;
pen-pens;
eraser-erasers
2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
如:bus-buses;
box-boxes;
watch-watches
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
如:baby-babies;
country-countries;
city-cities
注意:
如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
如:boy-boys;
toy-toys
4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
如:wife-wives;
leaf-leaves;
knife-knives
5)以字母o结尾的可数名词,其复数形式一般加-s,或-es。
如:photo-photos;
radio-radios;
piano- pianos;
tomato-tomatoes;
potato-potatoes
6)一些特殊变化的复数形式。
如:man/woman-men/women;
child-children;
foot-feet;
tooth-teeth;
mouse-mice
7)有些名词的单复数形式相同:
如:sheep;
deer;
Chinese;
Japanese
注意:
有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时,作单数形式理解;如果表示这个群体的所有成员,通常被看作复数。
常用的这类词有:
class 班级;
team 队(员);
family 家庭/人;
government 政府;
group 组(员)
如:
The family is not large.
这个家庭不大。(指家庭这个整体)
The family are all music lovers.
这一家人都是音乐爱好者。(指家庭中的成员)
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. (指多个家庭)
在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。
2.名词的数(不可数名词)
1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:
The rich man has a lot of money.
那个富人有很多钱。
There is some milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些牛奶。
Is there any water in the glass?
杯子里有一些水吗?
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
我不喜欢冬天,因为有太多的冰和雪。
2)用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。
a piece of paper;
a piece of wood;
a piece of bread;
a bottle of orange;
a glass of water(milk);
a cup of tea;
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。
two cups of tea;
four pieces of paper;
three glasses of water;
three bags of rice;
3.名词所有格
名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系,在句子中作定语。
1)表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式,单数名词的后面加“-’s”。
如:
This is my father’s car.
这是我父亲的汽车。
2)表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“-’s”形式。
如:
Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗?
3)表示无生命的名词所有格要用of+名词的形式,有时也用于有生命的名词。
如:
Look at the map of China, please.
请看这张中国地图。
I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl.
我知道这个女孩的名字。
注意:
1)用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时,只在最后一个名词的后面加“-’s”,
如:
This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father.
这是李雷和李平的父亲。(两个人共同的父亲)
如果两个名词分别所有,则在两个名词的后面分别加 “-’s”,
如:
These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.
这些是李雷和李平的书。(两个人各自所有)
2)以s或es结尾的复数名词,其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”;而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“-’s”。
如:
It is about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。
Here is the Children’s Palace.
这里是少年宫。
3)双重所有格:
“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用双重所有格。
如:
Tom is a friend of my father’s.
汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。
I gave him two photos of mine.
我给了他我的两张照片。
4.牛刀小试
1.(2022·山东济南·模拟预测)—Mum, I’m hungry. May I have some ________
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A.bread B.noodle C.apple D.tea
2.(2022·吉林·东北师大附中明珠学校模拟预测)I saw________ mothers talking under that big tree about ten minutes ago.
A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy’s and Lily
C.Lucy and Lily’s D.Lucy’s and Lily’s
3.(2022·重庆九龙坡·模拟预测)—What kind of noodles do you prefer
—The _________ noodles, of course.
A.egg and tomato B.eggs and tomato
C.egg and tomatoes D.eggs and tomatoes
4.(2022·四川凉山·模拟预测)—Is this bag ________
—No, the red one is ________.
A.Kate’s;her B.Kate;her C.Kate;hers D.Kate’s;hers
5.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A.tradition B.condition C.position D.situation
6.(2022·江苏江苏·二模)—Who is your favourite ________ in the series A Life Long Journey (人世间)
—Zhou Bingkun is.
A.director B.writer C.reader D.character
7.(2021·广西·平果市教研室二模)Excuse me, could you pass me some _________
A.milk B.cake C.pear D.tomato
8.(2022·江苏苏州·二模)I’m sorry that I made you get into a difficult ________. .
A.mess B.humour C.lecture D.situation
9.(2018·四川眉山·中考真题)—How many_______doctors are there in your hospital, David
—_______them _______over one hundred.
A.woman,The number of, is B.women,A number of, are
C.woman,A number of, is D.women,The number of, is
10.(2019·江苏连云港·中考真题)On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the __________110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar
A.man B.men C.men's D.mens'
11.(2022·云南昆明·二模)Mr.Wang gave me several useful ________ on how to learn better.
A.advise B.advices C.suggest D.suggestions
12.(2022·重庆一中一模)A number of _______ doctors did a good job in the fight against COVID-19.
A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s
13.(2020·广西·南宁十四中三模)—Peter often answers the teacher’s ________ in class, doesn’t he
—Yes, he is very active.
A.problems B.questions C.messages D.difficulties
14.(2022·天津津南·一模)September comes after ________ .
A.July B.August C.June D.October
15.(2022·江苏南通·一模)The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A.ability B.size C.quality D.energy
16.(2022·广西河池·一模)—I’m hungry, mom.
—Look! Some ________ is on the plate. You can eat it.
A.eggs B.water C.pears D.bread
17.(2022·浙江·温州外国语学校二模)It’s said that a new ________ will be open near our school, offering some Ou culture exhibitions.
A.farm B.museum C.restaurant D.factory
18.(2022·广西·环江毛南族自治县教育局三模)—I hear there are three foreign students in your class.
—Yes. One is an ________ and the other two are ________.
A.Australian, Germans B.Australians, Germen
C.Australians, Germans D.Australian, Germen
19.(2021·山东·济南市济阳天山外国语学校二模)_________ is the most important festival in China.
A.May Day B.Dragon Boat Festival
C.Spring Festival D.Mid-Autumn Day
20.(2022·安徽·模拟预测)Chinese government always puts the ________ of people first when accidents happen.
A.safety B.wealth C.success D.fame
21.(2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)—Can I help you
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A.a few informations B.a little informations
C.a little information D.a few information
22.(2022·天津·模拟预测)Studying in another country is a different ________. You can have a try.
A.tradition B.difference C.experience D.report
23.(2021·四川广元·中考真题)Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
A.man teachers B.men teachers C.woman teachers D.women teacher
24.(2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模)The government has made some _________ in environment protection.
A.mistake B.decision C.change D.progress
25.(2022·上海青浦·一模)The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money.
A.sheep B.cow C.pig D.chicken
26.(2022·重庆·模拟预测)Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.
A.chair B.flower C.furniture D.picture
27.(2021·江苏连云港·中考真题)The ________ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A.180 kilometer long B.180 kilometers long
C.180-kilometer-long D.180-kilometers-long
28.(2021·西藏·中考真题)All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teachers D.women teacher
29.(2017·湖北咸宁·中考真题)—Who won the first prize of the _______ World Table Tennis Championship
—You mean the match held in _______ Ma Long did.
A.fifty-four; German B.fifty-fourth; Germany
C.fifty-fourth; German D.fifty-four; Germany
30.(2017·贵州黔东南·中考真题)Kaili is one of the most beautiful ________ in Guizhou.
A.place B.cities C.town D.country
31.(2022·辽宁沈阳·一模)Sometimes a little action can make a difference to a ________ life.
A.person B.person’s C.persons D.persons’
32.(2021·黑龙江大庆·二模)—Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your ________ holiday
—Maybe I will go to Shenzhen. I have never visited ________ city.
A.five days’; the most fantastic B.five days; the most fantastic
C.five-day; a more fantastic D.five-days; a more fantastic
33.(2021·江苏徐州·二模)Kelly is not so quick, but she has a good habit of working hard. It is like a hidden ________.
A.promise B.tradition C.treasure D.difference
34.(2021·广西百色·中考真题)Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm.
A.chicken and sheep B.chickens and sheeps
C.chickens and sheep D.chicken and sheeps
35.(2021·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—You have a nice house! Whose room is this
— It’s ________.
A.Jack and Peter’s B.Jack’s and Peter’s C.Jack’s and Peter D.Jack and Peter
36.(2019·四川巴中·中考真题)— It’s too hot! Let’s have some ________ to drink.
— Good idea.
A.eggs B.milks C.bread D.water
37.(2022·江苏南京·一模)Dancing is one of my ________. I take dancing classes twice a week.
A.hobby B.hobbies C.habit D.habits
38.(2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题)The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A.parents B.parent’s C.parents’
39.(2021·四川凉山·一模)—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday
—Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________.
A.pigs; chicken B.sheep; chickens C.fishes; chicken D.duck; chickens
40.(2022·吉林长春·一模)—I often go to the science museum on the weekend.
— I guess we have different . I love novels.
A.troubles B.interests C.promises D.standards
41.(2022·安徽·模拟预测)—The science fiction film The Wandering Earth was a great________.
—Yes. Many people were shocked by it.
A.invention B.beauty C.decision D.success
42.(2021·山东青岛·中考真题)Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.
A.treasure B.resolution C.pleasure D.standard
43.(2022·重庆·模拟预测)We have a ________ holiday during Dragon Boat Day.
A.three days B.three-day C.three-days D.three day’s
44.(2016·广西来宾·中考真题)—There are many ________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of ________ are planted on it.
A.photo; potato B.photos; potatos
C.photos; potatoes D.photoes; potatoes
45.(2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)My parents always have a ________ holiday in the Spring Festival.
A.seven days B.seven day’s C.seven-day D.seven day
46.(2021·内蒙古·呼和浩特市回民区教育局教科研室二模)—I wonder ________ Shanghai is from New York.
—It’s about 15 ________ flight.
A.how long, hours’ B.how far, hours’
C.how much, hour’s D.how far, hours
47.(2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题)In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A.information B.pronunciation C.introduction D.communication
48.(2021·天津河东·模拟预测)This bedroom is mine. That bedroom is ________.
A.Jim’s and Tom’s B.Jim’s and Tom C.Jim and Tom’s D.Jim and Tom
49.(2021·广西河池·中考真题)—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home
—Ok, mom.
A.egg B.beef C.banana D.potato
50.(2021·山东东营·中考真题)—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A.surveys B.reports C.researches D.achievements
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