专题11-非谓语动词
中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
考情分析： 1
1. 动词不定式 1
2. 动名词 4
3. 分词 5
4. 牛刀小试 5
考情分析：
中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是：
1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；
2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；
3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；
4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；
5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。
1. 动词不定式
（1）动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
（2）动词不定式的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us. ＝It is not easy for us to speak English． 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day．＝To clean the room every day is my work． 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play 他喜欢做什么运动 —He likes to play basketball．他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time． 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I’m sorry to trouble you．(表原因) 很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English．(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1)不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。
如：
To learn English well is useful．→ It is useful to learn English well．
学好英语很有用。
It’s important for us to protect the environment．
保护环境对我们来说很重要。
在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
如：
It’s very kind of you to help me．
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that．
你那样做真是太聪明啦!
2)不定式作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
如：
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗
②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如：
I find it easy to read English every day．
我发现每天读英语很容易。
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...
如：
I would rather stay in the room．
我宁愿待在房间里。
3)不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．
露西让他关小收音机。
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。
如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4)不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如：
There is nothing to worry about．
没有什么可担心的。
5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do．
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t know where to go．(where to go＝where he should go)
他不知道去哪里。
2. 动名词
（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。
（2）动名词的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health． 吃得太多对你的健康有害。 谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语 I like playing basketball very much． 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
介词宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters． 邮票是被用来寄信的。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps． ＝Collecting stamps is his hobby． 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
定语 She is in the reading room． 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods． 我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
3. 分词
（1） 分词的构成：
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
（2）分词的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗 Please hand in your written exercises． 请交上你们的笔试练习。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
状语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing． 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful． 从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
表语 The situation is encouraging． 形势令人鼓舞。 The boy is too frightened to move． 这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
补足语 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time． 不要让我们等得太久。 I heard him singing in the classroom． 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。 He’ll have his hair cut after school． 放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。
4. 牛刀小试
1．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了避免交通拥挤，请早点起床出发。考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知，早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤，用动词不定式表目的，故选A。
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如果我们每个人都努力去做些有意义的事，我们的社会会越变越好。考查动词不定式作目的状语。to lose失去，动词不定式的一般式；to be lost迷失，动词不定式的一般式；to do做，动词不定式的一般式；to be done被做，动词不定式的被动式。make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，do something meaningful表示“做一些有意义的事情”。故选C。
3．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams.
A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing
【答案】D
【详解】句意：大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。work工作；relax放松。根据“after the exams.”可知，考试过后应该是放松，可排除AB选项；固定短语look forward to doing sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。
4．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故选D。
5．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——安全第一！ 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB；remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；根据“Kids must remember...the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。故选D。
6．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
【答案】B
【详解】句意：周末我通常在图书馆看书。本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) doing”，所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
7．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这所高中邀请了一位著名的科学家在世界地球日发表演讲。考查非谓语。结合“invited a famous scientist”可知，此处是invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾补，故选B。
8．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们的老师经常告诉我们当交通灯是红色的时候不要过马路。考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，固定短语；此处指“告诉我们红灯时不要过马路”。故选D。
9．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——艾米，出去的时候别忘了戴口罩。——别担心，妈妈。我会的。考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”；forget doing sth“忘记做过某事”。根据“don’t forget...your mask (口罩) when you go out”可知，提醒不要忘记戴口罩，故选C。
10．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：青少年经常听流行音乐来放松。考查词义辨析。relax动词，放松；to relax动词不定式；relaxing形容词，令人放松的；relaxed形容词，感到放松的。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式。故选B。
11．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听！她正在房间里弹钢琴。考查非谓语及时态。prefer doing to doing“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，是固定短语，第一空用动名词形式；结合“Listen!”可知，第二空用现在进行时结构，故选C。
12．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
【答案】A
【详解】句意：南希不知道新学校的任何人，因此她决定参加课后俱乐部去交一些新朋友。考查非谓语动词。根据“some new friends”可知，用动词不定式表达目的是“为了交新朋友”，用“to meet”。故选A。
13．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。
14．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
【答案】C
【详解】句意：毫无疑问，《哈利波特》值得一读。考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中，引导词用that，there is no doubt that“毫无疑问……”，固定句型；be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，故选C。
15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——陈先生，我的孩子在睡觉。你介意调低你收音机的音量吗？——抱歉，我立刻做。考查非谓语及动词短语。turn down调低（音量）；turn up调高（音量）。根据“my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D；mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”，即mind后用动名词作宾语，故选A。
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗？——抱歉，我不知道。考查非谓语动词。languages与动词speak之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。
17．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
【答案】C
【详解】句意：许多人因为战争失去了家园。 对人们来说，拥有一个和平的世界很重要。考查非谓语动词。此处是结构“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人是……的”，动词不定式作真正的主语，此处应用动词不定式的一般式。故选C。
18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
【答案】B
【详解】句意：老师告诉我们不要太吵，因为其他学生正在考试。 考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，否定在to前加not，故选B。
19．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish ______ it.
A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：长城非常有名，许多旅行者都想去参观。考查非谓语动词。固定短语wish to do sth“希望做某事”，故选C。
20．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——李老师，你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗？——当然。我建议你每天用英语写日记。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
21．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
22．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了接触被锁在里面的人，消防员破门而入。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“the people locked inside”的目的是“the firemen broke down the door”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。
23．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get
【答案】D
【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，故选D。
24．（2022·云南·中考真题）If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A．improve B．improved C．improving D．to improve
【答案】D
【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选D。
25．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry. Let me help you.
A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that
【答案】B
【详解】句意：基蒂，这些书太重了，你拿不动。我来帮你。考查too...to...结构。as…as像……一样；too…to太……而不能；such…that如此……以致于……；so…that如此……以致于……。根据“carry”是动词原形可知，符合too…to结构，表示“太重了拿不动”。故选B。
26．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）We learned ________ to work as a team by completing the task.
A．what B．which C．how D．who
【答案】C
【详解】句意：通过完成任务，我们学会了如何团队合作。 考查疑问词辨析。what什么；which哪一个；how怎样；who谁。根据“We learned … to work as a team by completing the task”可知，学会了如何团队合作，用how与“to work …”构成“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语，故选C。
27．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A．travel; unless B．to not travel; if C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当地政府建议人们在疫情期间，如果没有必要，不要前往其他地方。 考查非谓语动词和连词辨析。advise sb (not) to do sth“建议某人（不要）做某事”，排除AB。unless除非；if如果。根据“advises people...to other places”可知，“it is not necessary during the pandemic”是“The local government advises people...to other places”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。
28．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去看电影，但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”，排除BC；第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体，be动词用is。故选D。
29．（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.
A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought
【答案】B
【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们不允许把手机带进学校，这样我们就可以集中精力学习。 考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，动词不定式作主语补足语，故选B。
30．（2022·江苏南通·二模）Liu Genghong and his wife’s live fitness show has taken the Internet by storm. They have encouraged millions of online audience ________ them.
A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join
【答案】D
【详解】句意：刘畊宏和妻子的健身直播节目在网络上走红。他们鼓励数百万在线观众加入他们。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
31．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测） ________ pronunciation, I find a partner to practice spoken English with.
A．Improve B．Improving C．To improve D．Improved
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了提高发音，我找了一个搭档练习英语口语。考查动词不定式。为了提高英语发音，所以找了搭档练习，此处是动词不定式表目的。故选C。
32．（2022·山东青岛·二模）He ran as fast as he could ________ the bus but he failed.
A．catch B．to catch C．catches D．caught
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他尽可能快地跑去赶公共汽车，但他失败了。考查非谓语动词。根据“He ran as fast as he could … the bus but he failed.”可知，尽可能快跑的是为了赶公交车，用动词不定式表目的，故选B。
33．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）In China, policemen are brave enough ________ people’s lives.
A．save B．saves C．saving D．to save
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在中国，警察有足够的勇气去拯救人们的生命。考查非谓语动词。固定结构enough to do sth“足够做某事”，空格处为不定式形式。故选D。
34．（2022·贵州铜仁·模拟预测）I can’t understand the new word. Would you mind ________ it to me
A．explaining B．to explain C．explains D．explain
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我听不懂这个新词。你能给我解释一下吗？考查非谓语动词。固定短语mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，故选A。
35．（2022·吉林长春·二模）What did you think of studying abroad Did you mind ________ away from home for so long
A．be B．being C．to be D．to being
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你觉得出国留学怎么样？你介意离家这么久吗？考查非谓语动词。mind“介意”，是动词，后加动名词，Do you mind doing sth.表示“你介意……吗”，此处用be的动名词，故选B。
36．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Mary needs to come up with a plan ________ all the students about the school clear-up.
A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told
【答案】C
【详解】句意：玛丽需要想出一个计划来告诉所有的学生学校打扫的事情。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“Mary needs to come up with a plan...all the students about the school clear-up.”可知，空处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选C。
37．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）My teacher encouraged me ________ English as much as possible.
A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我的老师鼓励我尽可能说英语。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
38．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测）________ , you’d better speak English as much as you can.
A．Improving your spoken English
B．To improve your spoken English
C．Improves your spoken English
D．Improve your spoken English
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了提高你的英语口语，你最好尽可能多地说英语。考查非谓语动词。根据“you’d better speak English as much as you can.”可知是为了提高你的英语口语，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
39．（2022·江苏·泰兴市济川初级中学模拟预测）In 1987, Gong Li played a lead role________ Red Sorghum, a film ________ upon a novel ________ by Mo Yan who has just won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A．in; basing; writing B．as; based; writing
C．as; based; written D．in; based; written
【答案】D
【详解】句意：1987年，巩俐主演的电影《红高粱》改编自刚刚获得诺贝尔文学奖的莫言的小说。考查介词辨析和过去分词作定语。in在里面；as作为；basing，base的现在分词；based，base的过去分词和过去式；writing，write的现在分词；written，write的过去分词。固定短语play a role in“在……中扮演角色”，可排除BC选项；空二意为“以小说为基础”，过去分词based作定语，修饰“film ”，可排除A选项。故选D。
40．（2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校一模）________ more about the DIY course at weekends, visit the website.
A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．To know
【答案】D
【详解】句意：要了解更多关于周末DIY课程的信息，请访问网站。考查动词不定式。根据“…more about the DIY course at weekends, visit the website.”可知，此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。
41．（2022·湖北·黄石市有色中学模拟预测）Please tell me the way you thought of ________ the garden.
A．take care of B．to take care of C．taking care of D．to take care
【答案】B
【详解】句意：请告诉我你想出的照顾花园的方法。考查动词短语和非谓语动词。take care of照顾；take care小心。根据“the garden”可知此处是照顾花园，用take care of，排除D；根据“tell me the way...”可知此处作定语修饰名词way，用动词不定式。故选B。
42．（2022·广西梧州·二模）—The light in your bedroom is still on.
—Oh, sorry! I forgot ________ it off.
A．turn B．turned C．to turn D．turning
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你卧室的灯还亮着。——哦，对不起！我忘了关掉它。考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”。根据“The light in your bedroom is still on”可知忘记关灯，用forget to do。故选C。
43．（2022·云南·盈江县教育体育局教育科研中心模拟预测）Except for ________ hard, we should pay more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep. After all, health always comes first.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
【答案】C
【详解】句意：除了努力工作，我们应该更多的注意合理的锻炼和足够的睡眠。毕竟，健康第一位。考查动名词用法。介词“for”后应接动名词作宾语，故选C。
44．（2022·江苏·苏州市吴江区青云中学模拟预测）The kite ________ in China has a long history.
A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国发明的风筝有着悠久的历史。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词has，所以排除C和D选项。kite与动词invent之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。
45．（2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A．left out B．to leave out C．leaving out D．be left out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。——嗯，也许派对上的人太多了。考查过去分词作表语。leave out“遗漏，省去”；根据“I didn’t enjoy myself at the party.”可知，说话人在聚会上感觉不开心，觉得自己被忽略了；主语“I”与“leave out”为被动关系，feel为感官动词，后可接过去分词作表语。故选A。
46．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Eric, ________ playing that computer game. You should find something else to do.
—OK, Mom. Maybe ________ a book is a good choice.
A．to stop; reading B．stopping; read C．stop; reading D．to stop; to read
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——埃里克，停止玩电脑游戏吧。你应该找点别的事情做。——好的，妈妈。也许读书是一个不错的选择。考查动词的用法。根据“...playing that computer game.”并结合选项可知，句子没有主语，它是一个祈使句，第一空应该用动词原形。根据“Maybe ... a book is a good choice.”可知，第二空缺少主语，应填动名词作主语。故选C。
47．（2022·云南昆明·二模）I’m looking forward to ________ a new life in the high school that I’ve dreamt of.
A．start B．starts C．started D．starting
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我正期待着在高中开始我梦寐以求的新生活。考查非谓语用法。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是动词短语look forward to“期待做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故选D。
48．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—What’s wrong with the boy
—It seems that he has a stomachache. He doesn’t feel like ________.
A．to eat something B．eating something
C．to eat anything D．eating anything
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个男孩怎么啦？——他好像胃疼。他不想吃任何东西。考查非谓语动词和代词。something“某物”，用于肯定句；anything“任何东西”，用于否定句或疑问句。feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，排除A、C；根据“doesn’t”可知，此处是否定句，因此用代词anything，故选D。
49．（2022·江西南昌·二模）—Neil, you’re reading again.
—Yes, I think reading books ________ a bridge between our lives and the unknown world.
A．builds B．built C．was building D．had built
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——尼尔，你又在看书了。 ——是的，我认为读书可以在我们的生活和未知世界之间架起一座桥梁。考查一般现在时。此处应填宾语从句的谓语动词，主现从不限，而宾语从句说的是读书的好处，应用一般现在时，主语 “reading books”是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词应用其第三人称单数形式。 故选A。
50．（2022·四川·密地外国语三模）In some parts of the city, missing a bus means ________ for another hour.
A．to wait B．wait C．to be waiting D．waiting
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在城市的一些地方，错过一辆公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。考查非谓语动词。根据“means”可知，mean doing“意味着做”，使用动名词作宾语。故选D。
1专题11-非谓语动词
中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
考情分析： 1
1. 动词不定式 1
2. 动名词 4
3. 分词 5
4. 牛刀小试 5
考情分析：
中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是：
1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；
2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；
3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；
4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；
5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。
1. 动词不定式
（1）动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
（2）动词不定式的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us. ＝It is not easy for us to speak English． 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day．＝To clean the room every day is my work． 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play 他喜欢做什么运动 —He likes to play basketball．他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time． 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I’m sorry to trouble you．(表原因) 很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English．(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1)不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。
如：
To learn English well is useful．→ It is useful to learn English well．
学好英语很有用。
It’s important for us to protect the environment．
保护环境对我们来说很重要。
在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
如：
It’s very kind of you to help me．
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that．
你那样做真是太聪明啦!
2)不定式作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
如：
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗
②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如：
I find it easy to read English every day．
我发现每天读英语很容易。
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...
如：
I would rather stay in the room．
我宁愿待在房间里。
3)不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．
露西让他关小收音机。
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。
如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4)不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如：
There is nothing to worry about．
没有什么可担心的。
5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do．
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t know where to go．(where to go＝where he should go)
他不知道去哪里。
2. 动名词
（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。
（2）动名词的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health． 吃得太多对你的健康有害。 谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语 I like playing basketball very much． 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
介词宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters． 邮票是被用来寄信的。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps． ＝Collecting stamps is his hobby． 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
定语 She is in the reading room． 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods． 我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
3. 分词
（1） 分词的构成：
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
（2）分词的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗 Please hand in your written exercises． 请交上你们的笔试练习。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
状语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing． 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful． 从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
表语 The situation is encouraging． 形势令人鼓舞。 The boy is too frightened to move． 这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
补足语 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time． 不要让我们等得太久。 I heard him singing in the classroom． 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。 He’ll have his hair cut after school． 放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。
4. 牛刀小试
1．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
3．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Most of the students are looking forward to ________ themselves after the exams.
A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing
4．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hope ________ in my hometown after I finish school.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
5．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
6．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
7．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
8．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
9．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
10．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
11．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A．play; is playing B．playing; plays C．playing; is playing
12．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
13．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying
14．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke
17．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
19．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish ______ it.
A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited
20．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
21．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell
22．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching
23．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get
24．（2022·云南·中考真题）If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A．improve B．improved C．improving D．to improve
25．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry. Let me help you.
A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that
26．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）We learned ________ to work as a team by completing the task.
A．what B．which C．how D．who
27．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A．travel; unless B．to not travel; if C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if
28．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
29．（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.
A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought
30．（2022·江苏南通·二模）Liu Genghong and his wife’s live fitness show has taken the Internet by storm. They have encouraged millions of online audience ________ them.
A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join
31．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测） ________ pronunciation, I find a partner to practice spoken English with.
A．Improve B．Improving C．To improve D．Improved
32．（2022·山东青岛·二模）He ran as fast as he could ________ the bus but he failed.
A．catch B．to catch C．catches D．caught
33．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）In China, policemen are brave enough ________ people’s lives.
A．save B．saves C．saving D．to save
34．（2022·贵州铜仁·模拟预测）I can’t understand the new word. Would you mind ________ it to me
A．explaining B．to explain C．explains D．explain
35．（2022·吉林长春·二模）What did you think of studying abroad Did you mind ________ away from home for so long
A．be B．being C．to be D．to being
36．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Mary needs to come up with a plan ________ all the students about the school clear-up.
A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told
37．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）My teacher encouraged me ________ English as much as possible.
A．to speak B．speak C．speaking D．spoke
38．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测）________ , you’d better speak English as much as you can.
A．Improving your spoken English
B．To improve your spoken English
C．Improves your spoken English
D．Improve your spoken English
39．（2022·江苏·泰兴市济川初级中学模拟预测）In 1987, Gong Li played a lead role________ Red Sorghum, a film ________ upon a novel ________ by Mo Yan who has just won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A．in; basing; writing B．as; based; writing
C．as; based; written D．in; based; written
40．（2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校一模）________ more about the DIY course at weekends, visit the website.
A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．To know
41．（2022·湖北·黄石市有色中学模拟预测）Please tell me the way you thought of ________ the garden.
A．take care of B．to take care of C．taking care of D．to take care
42．（2022·广西梧州·二模）—The light in your bedroom is still on.
—Oh, sorry! I forgot ________ it off.
A．turn B．turned C．to turn D．turning
43．（2022·云南·盈江县教育体育局教育科研中心模拟预测）Except for ________ hard, we should pay more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep. After all, health always comes first.
A．work B．works C．working D．to work
44．（2022·江苏·苏州市吴江区青云中学模拟预测）The kite ________ in China has a long history.
A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
45．（2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A．left out B．to leave out C．leaving out D．be left out
46．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Eric, ________ playing that computer game. You should find something else to do.
—OK, Mom. Maybe ________ a book is a good choice.
A．to stop; reading B．stopping; read C．stop; reading D．to stop; to read
47．（2022·云南昆明·二模）I’m looking forward to ________ a new life in the high school that I’ve dreamt of.
A．start B．starts C．started D．starting
48．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—What’s wrong with the boy
—It seems that he has a stomachache. He doesn’t feel like ________.
A．to eat something B．eating something
C．to eat anything D．eating anything
49．（2022·江西南昌·二模）—Neil, you’re reading again.
—Yes, I think reading books ________ a bridge between our lives and the unknown world.
A．builds B．built C．was building D．had built
50．（2022·四川·密地外国语三模）In some parts of the city, missing a bus means ________ for another hour.
A．to wait B．wait C．to be waiting D．waiting
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