形容词、副词考点聚焦和精讲
【中考形容词、副词考点聚焦】
形容词的功能和位置；
常见易混形容词用法辨析。
副词的功能和位置；
副词的构成和分类；
常见易混副词用法辨析；
6、形容词、副词比较等级的用法。
一 形容词的功能和位置
1.说明人或事物的性质或特征的词叫形容词。形容词在句中只要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
1. 形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。如：
I have an interesting book. // a big yellow wooden wheel一个黄色的大木轮
Would you like something hot to drink // Something serious has happened to him.
【注意】“基数词+名词+形容词”可构成复合形容词，用作定语。复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式，而且这个复合形容词只放在被修饰的名词前。 如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩
2. 形容词作表语，放在系动词(be, look, feel, smell, sound….)的后面。如：He is tall. // He looks happy today.
3. 形容词作宾语的补语，放在keep, make, leave等动词的宾语后作宾语补足语。如：
Do you think it necessary // Doing morning exercises can keep us healthy.
4. 形容词作状语。如：He arrived home, hungry and tired.
5. 形容词作主语放在句首，作宾语放在动词或介词后。如：
The young should be polite to the old. // The new always take the place of the old.
6.“数词＋形容词”表示“长、宽、高、深、重、远离及年龄”，形容词应该置于名词后。如：
He’s 1.8 metres tall. // The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.
2. 多个形容词作定语时的排序
请记住“限观形龄颜国材”，如果这几个字不好记，就记“县官行令宴国才”。
（1）县（限）：代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。如：
the，this这个，that那个， my我的，Tom’s汤姆的，two两个。
（2）官（观）：代表观点的描述性形容词。如：fine好的，beautiful漂亮的，interesting有趣的。
（3）行（形）：代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词。如：small小的，tall高的，high高的，round圆的。
（4）令（龄）：代表年龄、新旧的形容词。如：young年轻的，old年老的，new新的。
（5）宴（颜）：代表颜色的形容词。如：red红的，black黑的，white白的。
（6）国：代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词（或名词）。如：English英国的，American美国的。
（7）才（材）：代表中心名词构成材料的形容词。如：wooden木制的，stone石头，plastic塑料。
There is a small old black wooden desk in my room. 在我的房间里有一个又小又旧的黑色木桌。
His living room is decorated with a large green Chinese carpet. 他的起居室里装饰着绿色的中国大地毯。
3. the加上某些形容词相当于名词，表示一类人或事物
有些形容词如：rich, poor, good, bad, young, old, healthy, ill, living, dead等，前面加定冠词the 后变成名词，表示某种人，其谓语常用复数形式。
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人高兴，但是富人悲伤。
4. 以-ly结尾的形容词
（1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly等仍为形容词。
改错：(错）She sang lovely. （对）Her singing was lovely.
（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
（2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既可做形容词，也可做副词。如：daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等。如：
The Times is a daily paper. // The Times is published daily.
5. 只能作表语的形容词：
以下这些形容词：afraid; alone; asleep; awake; alive; well健康的; ill; frightened等，只能用做表语。如：
（误）The ill man is my uncle. （正）The man is ill.
6. 只能作定语的形容词：
以下这些形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的。如：
My brother is elder.（误） My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）
7. 既可做形容词又可做副词的词
下列词既可做形容词又可做副词。如：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：
He stayed there very long. 他在那儿呆了好久。// He is a very hard person. 他是个难对付的家伙。
8. 形容词与名词的转换：
（1）名词加后缀变为形容词。
① 在名词后加-y。如：wind→windy, sun→sunny, luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy, noise→noisy, health→healthy…
② 在名词后加-ly。如：day→daily, week→weekly, month→monthly, friend→friendly, love→lovely…
③ 在动词或名词后加-ful。如：help→helpful, thank→thankful, beauty→beautiful, care→careful, use→useful…
④ 在方位名词后加-ern。如：east→eastern, south→southern, north→northern, west→western…
⑤ 在名词后加-less，变成否定意义的形容词。如：hope→hopeless, use→useless, care→careless…
（2）形容词加后缀变为名词。
① 形容词加-ty变成名词。如：safe→safety, difficult→difficulty…
② 形容词加-th变成名词。如：warm→warmth, young→youth, true→truth…
③ 形容词加-ness变成名词。如：ill→illness, weak→weakness, good→goodness, kind→kindness, careless→carelessness, happy→happiness…
④ 形容词加-ence/-ance变成名词。如：different→difference, depedant→depedance, important→importantance…
9. -ing形容词和-ed形容词的比较：-ing形容词表示主动意义，多修饰事或物，多指事物影响到人，意为“使人（感到）……的”；而-ed 形容词往往带有被动含义，修饰人，多指人受到事物的影响，意为“感到……的”，常用于“sb.+ -ed形容词”结构，有时也做定语用。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句
interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 This is an interesting book. / I’m interested in this book.
surprising 使人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 Peter told me a surprising story. / I’m surprised at the news.
pleasing 使人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的 This is a pleasing answer. / I’m pleased with your answer.
moving 动人的 moved 受感动的 This is a moving story. / I’m moved by the story.
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 They are all excited about the the exciting sports news.
tiring 使人厌倦的 tired感到疲倦的 This speech is very tiring. / I’m tired of the speech.
10. 形容词常用句型：
（1）“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth.
注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者（人）的性格、品质的形容词。如：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right（正确的），wrong等。
It’s very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me.
（2）“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb.
注意：这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词。如：important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. =To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.
（3）表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad, pleased, sad, thankful等常接不定式。
I’m very sad to hear the bad news. // I’m very glad to see you.
表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. // He is sure to get to school on time.
（5）sb. find/make/think+it+形容词+to do sth. (某人发现/认为/使得做某事怎样) 句中的it是形式宾语，不定式短语to do sth.为真正的宾语，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语重要。
二 常用易混形容词用法辨析：
（1）whole与all的用法辨析：记住两个词序：① the whole +名词； ②all (of) the +名词。如：
He was busy the whole morning.
He can remember all the words he learns.
（2）tall与high, short与low用法辨析：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。
He’s very tall/short. // A few people live on high mountains.
Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.
（3）real与true的用法辨析：real一般指东西的真假，意为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，意为“真实的”。
This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.
----Is that true ----Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
（4）interested与interesting的用法辨析：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。
I am interested in science.
The man is very interesting and all the children like him.
This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.
（5）good与well的用法辨析：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well。
Doing sports is good for us.
Study well and make progress every day.
----How are you ----I am very well.
（6）nice与fine的用法辨析：nice表示令人愉快的，可指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。
Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.
She is a nice girl.
What a fine day!
He’s fine recently(最近).
（7）too much与much too的用法辨析：too much表示“太多的”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。
That coat is much too dear.
I am full because I have had too much rice.
（8）quick、fast与soon的用法辨析：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。
A train is much faster than a bus.
His father will be back to China very soon.
After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.
（9）lonely与alone的用法辨析：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，(作为副词的alone可作状语)。
He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.
（10）other与else的用法辨析：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much时要后置。另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。
The other students are on the playground.
Who else can work out this maths problem
This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.
Do you have anything else to say for yourself
（11）special与especial的用法辨析：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但
special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。
She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装)
These are special chairs for small children. 这些是专门给小孩子的椅子。
（12）gone、lost、missing的用法辨析：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。
My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough. 发烧消退了，但我仍然咳嗽。
The parents found the lost child at last. 家长终于找到了迷路的孩子。
My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away 我的字典不见了，谁拿走了？
For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website. 如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情，请访问我们的网站。
（13）living、alive、live与lively的用法辨析：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
1）living读[livi ]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语。②“一模一样的、逼真的”。③相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；
2）alive读[[ laiv]作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；
3）live读[laiv]，指东西“活的”，可以替换为living；
4）lively读[laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的。②(色彩)鲜艳的。③生动的，真实的。
A living language should be learned orally (口头上). 活的语言应该从口头上学（被动句）。
We have a living hope that you will succeed. 我们强烈地希望你能成功。
They are the happiest children alive. 他们是活着的最开心的孩子。
This is a live fish. 这是条活鱼。
Is she still alive 她还活着吗？
She is as lively as a kitten (小猫). 她像小猫一样可爱。
He gave a lively description of the football match. 他生动地描述了那场足球赛。
（14）sick与ill的用法辨析：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。
He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. 他病了很久，现在非常虚弱。
Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them. 兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物，很受宠物主人们的喜爱。
三 副词的功能和位置
修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如：Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly.
1. 副词的功能
（1）副词作状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。
My father works very hard.
Tom speak Chinese really well.
Luckily, it was not so hot.
（2）副词作表语：主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词
Food here is hard to get.
I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.
Let’s be out.
（3）副词作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。
People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.
Water here is prepared for you.
（4）副词作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。
Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!
I saw him there.
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.
Peter found his father in when he got home last night.
2. 副词在句中的位置：
（1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。
Mr. Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
（2）频度副词often, always, never, seldom等作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
（3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
（4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work.
（5）地点副词和表示具体时间的副词一般放在句末。如果这两个副词同时出现在一个句子中，则地点副词在前，时间副词在后。
Li Lei went there last night.
Tom had a birthday party in a restaurant last Sunday.
四 副词的构成和分类
1. 副词的构成：
多数副词是由形容词加后缀构成的。其变化有以下几种形式。
（1）一般由形容词词尾加-ly变成副词。如：quick→quickly, sudden→suddenly, real→really, slow→slowly等。
（2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的要变y为i再加-ly。如：lucky→luckily, happy→happily, angry→angrily等。
（3）以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly。如：safe→safely, wide→widely, polite→politely等。
（4）以元音字母加+e结尾，去e再加-ly。如：true→truly等。
（5）以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y。如：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly等。
（6）形容词与副词同形。如：fast, high, hard, early等。
（7）形容词与副词异形。如：good→well等。
【注意】hard作形容词时意思是“困难的，硬的，生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
We should study hard at school.
I can hardly see anything in the dark room.
The question is very hard for me to answer.
2. 副词的分类：
（1）时间副词：通常用来表示动作的时间。时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。常见的时间副词有：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still等。
He will be back tomorrow. 他明天将回来。
Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。
（2）地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。
The children are playing downstairs.
Here people are practicing speaking English.
Please go straight down the street.
（3）方式副词：一般都是回答“怎样地？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly，它们与形容词同形。常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
（4）程度副词：多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。程度副词常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与 much连用并置于句末。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。
Her pronunciation is very good.
I can hardly agree with you.
Tom is old enough to go to school.
（5）疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。
How are you getting along with your studies
Where were you yesterday
Why did you do that
（6）频度副词：是用来表示动作频率。常放在动词之前，或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中sometimes也常置于句首。常见的频度副词有：always, often, never, usually, hardly, seldom（很少）等。
I often go out for a walk after supper.
She is seldom out on Sundays.
(7)连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语，通常放在句子或从句前面。常见的连接副词有：so, yet, then, how, when, where, why, whether, however, otherwise, meanwhile等。
How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.
That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.
He wondered how he could do it the next day. 他不知道第二天怎样做那事。
(8)关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，放在从句的前面。常见的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。
This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.
Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.
五 常见易混副词用法辨析
（1）already、yet的用法辨析：
在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。
Have you done it already 你已经做好了？
I have not had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。
（2）later、after、ago、before的用法辨析：
①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。
②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。
③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。
He had an accident a week ago. 一周前出了一个事故。
Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer. 数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家。
Have you been there before 你从前到过那儿吗？// After a few years he gave up smoking. 过了几年他戒了烟。
（3）above、below、over、under的用法辨析：
在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under。
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。
The stars are high above in the sky. 星星高挂在空中。
A plane flew over quickly. 一架飞机从头顶飞过。
（4）too、also、either、nor、as well的用法辨析：
too“也”用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；
as well用于肯定句的末尾；
also“也”用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；
either“也”用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；
nor“也不”用于倒装句句首；
Are you American, too 你也是美国人吗？
He is not happy and I am not happy, either. 他不愉快，我也不。
You can also find the market is very good. 你还可以发觉那个市场很好。
He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I. 他没有看足球赛，我也没有。
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too. 我父亲是一位老师。我母亲也是一位老师。
（5）enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法辨析：
enough“足够，十分”放在形容词或副词之后；
too“太”、very“非常”、quite“相当”、so“如此地”等放在形容词或副词前，very much“非常”放在动词后。
I don’t like sweets very much. 我不很喜欢糖果。
It’s too/so/very/quite expensive. 它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。
【注意】very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。
I don’t like him much. 我不太喜欢他。
He is very stupid. 他很笨。
The film was very moving and everyone swept. 电影非常动人，大家都哭了。
（6）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法辨析：
sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：I will stay here some time. 我会在这儿呆些时候。
I will meet your father sometime. 我什么时候要见你的父亲。
Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains. 他们有时徒步旅行到山里去。
（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法辨析：
对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what。
What a fine day (it is) today! 今天天气真好！
How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！
（8）much too、too much的用法辨析：
much too意为“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词；
too much意为“太多”，用来修饰名词。
（9）hard、hardly的用法辨析：
hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，
hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。
They study English very hard. 他们英语学得很刻苦。
You can hardly see a person spit in a public place. 在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰。
（10）“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法辨析：
记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词；
②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词；
③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+ rather+形容词+名词。
It is quite a nice day for a walk. 这真是散步的好日子。
I have never seen such a strange guy. 我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙。
（11）how 的几个短语的用法辨析：
how often“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；
how soon“多久以后”，用于将来时态；
how long“多久”，用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；
how many time“多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；
how much“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。
How long have you been like this 你这样已经多久了？
How often does he wash his face 他每隔多久洗一次脸？
（12）no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法辨析：
表示时间，可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer，而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度，可用no more、not...any more.
He didn’t smoke any more/longer. 他不再抽烟。
He no longer lived there. 他不再住在那里。
Tom wanted no more cakes. 他不想再要蛋糕。
（13）too...to...与so...that...的用法辨析：
副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词，to后面跟动词，that后面跟从句。too...to... “太……以致不……”是否定的结构，用于简单句；so...that...“如此……以致……”是肯定结构，用于复合句。
The child is too young to join the army. 这孩子年龄太小还不能参军。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. 他这么强壮，搬得动那个重箱子。
（14）farther与further的用法辨析：
表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思，此时不能换为farther。
This problem will be further discussed. 这个问题还要进一步讨论。
They decided to go farther/further the next day. 他们决定第二天走得再远些。
（15）rather与quite的用法辨析：
同very一样，两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度，quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”，rather比quite更接近very的含义，含有令人惊讶的意思。见下面对“nice”程度的描绘：not nice; (fairly) nice; quite nice; rather nice; very nice。
not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice
It’s quite a nice film. 这是部好片子。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)
It’s rather a nice film. 这是部很不错的电影。(意味着比大多数电影都好)
（16）maybe、possibly、perhaps的用法辨析：
maybe“可能、也许”，比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；
possibly“可能地、或者、也许”，可能性较大，在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；
perhaps“可能”，较为常用而且正式，可能性也不大。如：
You could put it over there,maybe. 也许你可以把它放在那边。
I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting. 我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件。
（17）most、mostly的用法辨析：
most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”，作为副词时意思为“最，十分、很”；
mostly仅为副词，意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。
Most children are naughty. 大部分的孩子都淘气。
She is mostly out on Sundays. 星期天她一般不在家。
（18）lonely、alone 的用法辨析：
①alone 独自一人/没有同伴，既可作adj.也可作adv.
②lonely 表示孤独、寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉，偏僻的，常与feel 连用。
③alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语，也可作定语。
He lives alone on a lonely island.
He is alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
（19）almost、nearly的用法辨析：
两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly，almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。
We are almost/nearly there. 我们几乎就到那里了。
He had done almost nothing today. 他今天几乎没有干什么。
Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words. 几乎没有人懂他的话。
（20）a bit、a little的用法辨析：
这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。
另外，a little可以直接加不可数名词，a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。
It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷了点。
This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive. 这台数码相机有点贵。
I have got a bit of a cold. 我有点感冒。// Go and get a little water for me, please. 请你去给我搞点水来。
【注意】not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”，而 not a little=very意为“非常，不是一点“。
（21）now、just、just now的用法辨析
now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”。
just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚……”；just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”。
Where does he live now
We have just seen the film.
He was here just now.
（22）so、such的用法辨析
①so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词。②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数；such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数；such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词。
③名词前有many, much, few, little (少量的) 用so不用such (多多少少仍用so)，但little 表示“小的”用such.
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
He is such a boy.
He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
It is such cold weather.
They are such good students.
There are so many people.
There is so little time that we can’t finish the work on time.
They are such little children that they can’t do anything.
He is such a little boy.
（23）(be) worth、(be) worthy of的用法辨析：
worth一般被看作是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，用主动表示被动含义，还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”，后面跟动名词的被动形式。
The house is worth ￥300,000. 房子价值30万元。
It is a thing worthy of being seen. 这是一个值得看的东西。
This book is well worth reading several times. 这本书值得好好读几遍.
What is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的，就值得好好去做。
（24）as…as…常构成一些词组的用法辨析：
as soon as…(一旦……就……)，as well as…(同样)，as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。
【注意】“as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达……”的含义。
Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing. 请你一到北京就给我写信。
Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible. 高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。
They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks. 他们呆在山洞里长达两周。
The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan. 那幢房子花费高达50万元。
（25）fast、quickly、soon的用法辨析：
①fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点。
②quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，总共延续的时间很短，常指人的思维快，手快或动作敏捷等。
③soon 侧重指两件事情的先后发生，中间的间隔的时间很短。
The Class1 runner runs very fast. 一班的运动员跑得非常快。
She quickly cooked the supper.她迅速地做好了晚饭。
Please write to me soon.请尽快给我写信。
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成规律
（一）规则变化
1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。
4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：big-bigger-biggest等。
【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）
5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如：
often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。
【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English.
6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如：
slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。
（二）不规则变化（好坏多少老远）
原 级 比较级 最高级
good好的 better更好的 best最好的
well好；(身体)好的
bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最
much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的 less更少的 least最少的
old旧的，老的，年长的 older较旧的，较老的 oldest最旧的，最老的
elder较年长的 eldest最年长的
far远的；远地 farther(指距离)更远的；更远地 farthest(指距离)最远的/地
further(指程度)进一步的/地 furthest(指程度)最深刻的/地
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。
【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。
六 形容词、副词比较等级的用法
（一）原级的用法
⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为：
“主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.”
He is very old now.
They ran quite fast.
The weather looks rather bad.
I am so happy!
⒉ 原级常用的句型结构
⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”
Tom is as old as Kate.
He is as excited as his younger sister.
Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.
⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中）
This room is not as/so big as that one.
He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.
【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。
She is as good a teacher as your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。
“as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。
Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。
They weren’t so much islands as sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。
⒊ 表示“相当于……的一半/两倍/三倍……”等时，用“half/twice/three/four/…times as+形容词原级+as”句型。
This book is half as thick as that one.
This garden is ten times as large as that one.
⒋“the same＋名词＋as”表示同等比较。
I’m the same tall as you.
（二）比较级的用法
1. 比较级常用句型结构：
⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。
He works harder than I.
This book didn’t cost me more than that one.
⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。
I think English is less difficult than maths.
Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language
⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。
Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys.
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
⑷ “比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
The days are getting longer and longer.
He becomes fatter and fatter.
English is becoming more and more important.
⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”、“越……就越……”
The more trees we plant, the better it will be.
The harder you try, the greater your progress is.
⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。
Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat
2. 需注意的比较级的用法：
⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
Tom looks even younger than before.
Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.
⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。
My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil).
⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有：
比较级+than+any other+单数名词。
Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.
比较级+than+the other+复数名词。
Tom is taller than the other boys in our class.
比较级+than+anyone else。
Tom is taller than anyone else in our class.
比较级+than+all other+复数名词。
This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing.
Nobody else+比较级+than …。
Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.
⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如：
No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study.
I never read a more interesting book.
（三）最高级的用法
1. 最高级常用句型结构：
⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。
He runs fastest in our class.
This is the biggest apple I have ever met.
He is the best among the students.
⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。
He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn
2. 需注意的最高级的用法：
⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。
⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。
⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。
He is our best friend.
Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.
It’s most dangerous to be here.
I cannot do it, it’s most difficult.
It’s today’s most important news.
This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat coat
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
题组1 形容词和副词填空
1. (lucky), she was a quick learner.
答案 Luckily 本空位于句首,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Luckily。
“But you know it's a great life and we're learning so much on our journey,” says William
(proud).
答案 proudly 设空处修饰says,因此应该用副词形式。故填proudly。
3.Carmen loves the (Australia)singer very much.
答案 Australian 设空处修饰singer,应用形容词形式,因此答案是Australian。
4.It's one of southern Africa's (hot) places, and there is often no water.
答案 hottest 本题考查形容词最高级。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数,注意双写t。
5.After that,Orion wanted to make an even (big)influence.
答案 bigger 本题考查形容词比较级。even修饰形容词比较级,故用bigger,注意双写g。
6.If someone is treated (kind), it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else.
答案 kindly 本题考查副词。此空修饰前面的动词,故用副词形式。If someone is treated kindly如果某人被善意地对待。
7.My parents and I had a (wonder) journey to Hainan.
答案 wonderful 设空处后面是名词 journey,应该用形容词修饰,wonder的形容词形式为wonderful,故答案为wonderful。
8.The little boy was (interest) in all of these subjects, especially in math.
答案 interested be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
9.For him, the quiet night was a (value) time to focus on translation.
答案 valuable 本题考查形容词。空后为名词time,需要用形容词来修饰,value的形容词形式为valuable,意为“宝贵的”,故填valuable。
10.I thought about his words very (careful)and then understood everything.
答案 carefully 句意:我非常认真地考虑了他的话,然后明白了一切。考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词thought about,因此使用副词形式。
11.But there need to be (strict)health rules than ever. Most programs will not be allowed to have more than 30 kids.
答案 stricter 考查形容词比较级形式。此处表示“比以前更加严格的健康规定”。关键词than提示了设空处应使用比较级形式。
12.Of all the musical instruments, the drums were (interesting)to Beth.
答案 the most interesting 考查形容词的最高级形式。关键词Of all提示了设空处用最高级形式。
13.His smile was even (bright)than the sun.
答案 brighter 句意:他的笑容甚至比阳光还要灿烂。考查形容词比较级形式。关键词even、than提示了设空处应使用比较级形式。
14.But then she stopped and looked at Mr Happy (angry).
答案 angrily 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词looked at,因此使用副词形式。
15.I got a cheap and simple room, much (small) than my own room back home.
答案 smaller 句意:我住进了一间便宜又简陋的房间,比我自己的在家的房间小很多。本题考查形容词的比较级。设空处后出现关键词than,因此使用small的比较级形式。
16.Thanks to others' help, we live much (happily) than before.
答案 more happily 多亏了他人的帮助,我们生活得比以前更快乐了。本题考查副词的比较级。设空处后出现关键词than,因此使用happily的比较级形式。happily的比较级是more happily。
17.“Could you please bring it over here ”asked one boy (polite).
答案 politely 句意:“你能把它拿到这边来吗 ”一个男孩有礼貌地问。本题考查副词。设空处修饰谓语asked,因此使用副词形式。
题组2 选择题
1．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）“We made our dreams come true through ________ work,” Chinese astronaut Liu Yang shared her stories on China’s Space Day.
A．hard B．lazy C．easy
【答案】A
【详解】句意：“我们通过努力工作实现了我们的梦想，”中国宇航员刘洋在中国航天日分享了她的故事。
考查形容词辨析。hard努力的；lazy懒惰的；easy容易的。根据“We made our dreams come true through ... work”可知是通过努力工作实现了梦想。故选A。
2．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon.
—Yeah. It will be more ________ for us to travel to Xi’an.
A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——据我所知，十堰到西安的高速铁路即将建成。——是的。我们去西安旅游会更方便。
考查形容词辨析。dangerous危险的；difficult困难的；convenient方便的；traditional传统的。根据“As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon”及“It will be more … for us to travel to Xi’an”可知，高铁的建成对于出去旅行会更方便，故选C。
3．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.
A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们应该吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜来保持健康。
考查形容词辨析。free免费的；fresh新鲜的；soft柔软的；sweet甜的。根据“We should eat...fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.”可知，吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜来保持健康。故选B。
4．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel ________. They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays (紫外线) from the sun.
A．hot B．sick C．sleepy D．hungry
【答案】D
【详解】句意：一项新的研究表明，阳光会让人感到饥饿。在接受了来自太阳的紫外线后，他们会吃更多的食物。考查形容词辨析。hot热的；sick生病的；sleepy瞌睡的；hungry饥饿的。根据“They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays from the sun.”可知吃更多食物是因为阳光使人感到饥饿。故选D。
5．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）Short-form videos can ________ catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin.
A．easily B．widely C．luckily D．seriously
【答案】A
【详解】句意：短视频很容易吸引人们的眼球。这就是为什么很多人花很多时间在抖音上的原因之一。
考查副词辨析。easily容易地；widely广泛地；luckily幸运地；seriously严肃地。根据“That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin.”可知许多人花费很多时间在抖音上，由此推出短视频容易吸引人的眼球。故选A。
6．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）My cousin is ________. He never forgets the things he needs to do.
A．energetic B．curious C．organized D．confident
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我的表哥很有条理。他从不忘记他需要做的事情。
考查形容词辨析。energetic精力充沛的；curious好奇的；organized有条理的；confident自信的。根据“He never forgets the things he needs to do.”可知，他从不忘记他需要做的事情，说明他很有条理。故选C。
7．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Mum opened the door ________ because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.
A．angrily B．loudly C．quickly D．quietly
【答案】D
【详解】句意：妈妈轻声地开门，因为她不想吵醒她的孩子。
考查副词辨析。angrily生气地；loudly大声地；quickly快速地；quietly轻声地。根据“because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.”可知，因为不想吵醒孩子，所以轻声开门。故选D。
8．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Why are you so ________
—Because my pet dog is dead.
A．pleased B．active C．sad D．friendly
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你为什么这么伤心？——因为我的宠物狗死了。
考查形容词辨析。pleased满意的；active积极的；sad伤心的；friendly友好的。根据“Because my pet dog is dead.”可知宠物狗死了，所以伤心，故选C。
9．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）You should drive ________ on rainy days to keep safe.
A．quickly B．happily C．slowly D．carelessly
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了安全，下雨天你应该慢慢开车。
考查副词辨析。quickly快速地；happily开心地；slowly缓慢地；carelessly粗心地。根据“on rainy days to keep safe.”可知雨天开车要开慢点，故选C。
10．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much ________ than the others in his class.
A．stronger B．thinner C．smaller D．weaker
【答案】A
【详解】句意：吉姆能搬动这个重箱子，因为他比班上其他人强壮得多。
考查形容词辨析。stronger更强壮的；thinner更瘦的；smaller更小的；weaker更虚弱的。根据“Jim can carry the heavy box”可知可以搬动重箱子，说明他比班上其他人强壮得多。故选A。
11．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）— Mike plays basketball well. Do you know him
— Sure. He is also one of ________ basketball players in our class.
A．tall B．the taller C．tallest D．the tallest
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——迈克篮球打得很好。你认识他吗？——当然。他也是我们班最高的篮球运动员之一。
考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“He is also one of...basketball players in our class.”可知，此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构，故选D。
12．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—I’ll remember the teachers who ________ me forever.
—Me, too. They have taught us a lot.
A．are good at B．are short of C．are strict with
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我会永远记住那些对我严格的老师。——我也是。他们教会了我们很多。
考查形容词短语辨析。be good at擅长；be short of短缺；be strict with对……严格。根据“I’ll remember the teachers who...me forever.”可知，会永远记住那些对我严格的老师。故选C。
13．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because of her cute looks.
A．popular B．public C．proper D．private
【答案】A
【详解】句意：成都大熊猫基地的一只熊猫花花因其可爱的外表而广受欢迎。
考查形容词辨析。popular受欢迎的；public公共的；proper正确的；private私人的。根据“because of her cute looks.”可知，大熊猫花花因为其可爱的外表而大受欢迎。故选A。
14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）The tomato and beef soup tastes ________. I’d like a little more.
A．harmful B．funny C．terrible D．delicious
【答案】D
【详解】句意：西红柿牛肉汤尝起来很美味。我还想再来一点。
考查形容词辨析。harmful有害的；funny搞笑的；terrible糟糕的；delicious美味的。根据“I’d like a little more.”可说明西红柿牛肉汤尝起来很美味，故选D。
15．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Which do you like ________, swimming or skating
—Swimming.
A．well B．better C．best D．the best
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪一个，游泳还是滑冰？——游泳。
考查副词比较级。根据“swimming or skating”可知两者相比较，此处用比较级better。故选B。
16．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）I feel ________ to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. I can’t wait.
A．excited B．surprised C．worried D．afraid
【答案】A
【详解】句意：明天要在学校农场种菜了，我感到很兴奋。我都等不及了。
考查形容词辨析。excited兴奋的；surprised惊讶的；worried担心的；afraid害怕的。根据“I can’t wait.”可知，此处指很兴奋，故选A。
17．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Nothing is _______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.
A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当你口渴的时候，没有什么比一杯水更好的了。
考查形容词比较级。由比较级的标志词“than”可知，此处应使用形容词比较级nicer。故选B。
18．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Thank goodness! The virus is gone.
—Well, it’s ________ to say that. You’d better still wear a mask in public.
A．too late B．late enough C．too early D．early enough
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——谢天谢地！病毒消失了。——嗯，现在说还为时过早。在公共场合你最好还是戴口罩。
考查词汇辨析。too late太晚；late enough足够晚；too early太早；early enough足够早。根据“You’d better still wear a mask in public.”可知，在公共场合要戴口罩，故说“病毒消失了”还为时过早，排除A、B选项。too…to结构表否定，enough…to结构表肯定，此处指这样说还太早，表否定意义，故用too early。故选C。
19．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Dressing up as a ghost is ________ unusual in our culture. People think it will bring bad luck.
A．hardly B．hard C．highly D．high
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在我们的文化中，扮鬼是极不寻常的。人们认为这会带来厄运。
考查词汇辨析。hardly几乎不；hard困难的，努力地；highly非常；high高的。根据“People think it will bring bad luck.”可知，扮鬼在中国文化中是非常不寻常的，highly unusual“极不寻常”，副词highly修饰形容词unusual。故选C。
20．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Stop asking ________ questions. Everyone is laughing at you.
A．so wise B．such wise C．so silly D．such silly
【答案】D
【详解】句意：别再问这些愚蠢的问题了。每个人都在嘲笑你。
考查so与such的区别以及形容词辨析。wise明智的；silly愚蠢的。so修饰形容词，such修饰名词，此空要修饰名词questions，应用such修饰。根据“Everyone is laughing at you”可知，此处指不要问愚蠢的问题，故选D。
21．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）The delicious food and ________ waiters made us happy with the restaurant.
A．slow B．tired C．awful D．polite
【答案】D
【详解】句意：美味的食物和礼貌的服务员让我们对这家餐馆很满意。
考查形容词辨析。slow缓慢的；tired疲劳的；awful让人讨厌的；polite有礼貌的。根据“made us happy with the restaurant”可知令人满意的应是礼貌的服务员。故选D。
22．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Tips: For our own safety, we’d better not stand under big trees on ________ days in summer.
A．sunny B．cloudy C．rainy D．foggy
【答案】C
【详解】句意：温馨提示：为了自身安全，夏天下雨天最好不要站在大树下。
考查形容词辨析和常识。sunny晴朗的；cloudy多云的；rainy下雨的；foggy多雾的。根据“we’d better not stand under big trees on...days in summer”和常识可知，夏天下雨天最好不要站在大树下，故选C。
23．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Siheyuan is a kind of ___________ building around China with a history of more than 3,000 years.
A．central B．Traditional C．musical D．national
【答案】B
【详解】句意：四合院是中国的一种传统建筑，已有3000多年的历史。
考查形容词辨析。central中央的；traditional传统的；musical音乐的；national国家的。根据“Siheyuan”可知，四合院是一种传统建筑。故选B。
24．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—If we don’t go in the right direction, we’ll get lost ___________ .
—Certainly. The proper direction is like a light in the dark.
A．lately B．Quietly C．easily D．differently
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——如果我们走的方向不对，我们很容易迷路。——确实。正确的方向就像黑暗中的一盏灯。
考查副词辨析。lately近来；quietly轻轻地；easily容易地；differently不同地。根据“If we don’t go in the right direction” 可知，走的方向不对的话是会容易迷路的，故选C。
25．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Give me a hand, Jim. I have to climb up the tree to get my kite.
—Better not. You have to take your safety __________.
A．seriously B．completely C．comfortably D．slowly
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——吉姆，帮我一下。我不得不爬树去拿我的风筝。——你最好不要。你必须认真考虑你的安全。
考查副词辨析。seriously严肃地；completely完全地；comfortably舒适地；slowly慢地。根据“your safety”可知，要认真考虑自己的安全，take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”，固定搭配。故选A。
26．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）My mother was very happy because she bought a beautiful scarf ________ online.
A．cheaply B．badly C．actively D．safely
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我妈妈很高兴，因为她在网上便宜地买了一条漂亮的围巾。
考查副词辨析。cheaply便宜地；badly差地；actively积极地；safely安全地。根据“My mother was very happy because she bought…”可知，妈妈高兴是因为以低价买到了漂亮的围巾。故选A。
27．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）—I have trouble with my English.
—John’s English is the ________ in our class. You can ask him for help.
A．worst B．best C．fastest D．slowest
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我的英语有困难。——约翰的英语是我们班最好的。你可以找他帮忙。考查形容词辨析。worst最坏的；best最好的；fastest最快的；slowest最慢的。根据“I have trouble with my English.”和“You can ask him for help.”可知英语有问题可以找约翰帮忙，说明约翰的英语很好，故选B。
28．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）We should be ________ our parents. They have done a lot for us.
A．thirsty for B．thankful to C．angry with D．similar to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们应该感谢我们的父母。他们为我们做了很多。
考查形容词短语辨析。be thirsty for渴望；be thankful to对……感谢；be angry with对……生气；be similar to与……相似。根据“We should be … our parents. They have done a lot for us”可知，父母为我们做了很多，所以我们要感谢他们，故选B。
29．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）A man should be strict with himself, but be ________ to others.
A．similar B．harmful C．friendly
【答案】C
【详解】句意：一个人应该严于律己，友好待人。
考查形容词辨析。similar相似的；harmful伤人的；friendly友好的。根据“A man should be strict with himself, but be...to others.”可知，要友好对待他人，故选C。
30．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）We should spend our pocket money（零花钱）________ and use it to do something meaningful.
A．wisely B．politely C．quietly
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该明智地使用我们的零花钱，并用它做一些有意义的事情。
考查副词辨析。wisely明智地；politely礼貌地；quietly安静地。根据“use it to do something meaningful”可知要用零花钱去做一些有意义的事情，说明要明智地使用零花钱。故选A。
31．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Hearing the 19th Asian Games would be held in Hangzhou, China, we could ________ control our feeling of pride.
A．really B．hardly C．nearly D．clearly
【答案】B
【详解】句意：听说第19届亚运会将在中国杭州举行，我们不禁感到骄傲。
考查副词辨析。really真地；hardly几乎不；nearly接近；差不多；clearly清晰地。根据“Hearing the 19th Asian Games would be held in Hangzhou”可知听到好消息，应该难以控制感情，表否定含义，用hardly。故选B。
32．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）ChatGPT can make a plan ________ than we do.
A．much quickly B．more quick C．even quick D．far more quickly
【答案】D
【详解】句意：ChatGPT制作计划的速度比我们快得多。
考查副词比较级。quickly快地，副词；quick快的，形容词。由句子结构可知，该空修饰谓语动词“make a plan”，应用副词；句中有“than”，表示两者相比，应用副词比较级more quickly，far可修饰比较级。故选D。
33．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The football match was put off as a result of the ________ weather.
A．wonderful B．exciting C．difficult D．awful
【答案】D
【详解】句意：由于天气恶劣，足球比赛被推迟了。
考查形容词辨析。wonderful精彩的；exciting兴奋的；difficult困难的；awful糟糕的。根据“The football match was put off ”可知天气不好，所以比赛被推迟，awful符合语境。故选D。
34．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Tian Xin has good eating habits, so she is very ________.
A．kind B．healthy C．friendly
【答案】B
【详解】句意：田欣有良好的饮食习惯，所以她很健康。
考查形容词辨析。kind善良的；healthy健康的；friendly友好的。根据“Tian Xin has good eating habits, so she is very...”可知，有良好的饮食习惯，所以人是健康的，故选B。
35．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Is Julie as tall as you
—No, she isn’t. She’s ________ than me.
A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Julie跟你一样高吗？——不，她不是。她比我高。
考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此处用形容词比较级。故选B。
36．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）The population of Heilongjiang is ________ than ________ of Shanghai. The birthrate is low, so our government encourages a second or a third child.
A．smaller; those B．less; it C．smaller; that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：黑龙江的人口比上海的少。出生率很低，所以我们的政府鼓励生第二个或第三个孩子。
考查形容词辨析以及代词辨析。smaller更小；less更少；those那些；it它；that那个。此处表示人口的少用smaller，排除B；根据“The population of Heilongjiang is...than...of Shanghai”可知第二个空代指上海的人口，在比较结构中用that代指population。故选C。
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）After doing sports, he is ________ of the boys.
A．strong B．stronger C．the strongest
【答案】C
【详解】句意：做完运动后，他是男孩中最强壮的。
考查最高级。根据“of the boys”可知是男孩中最强壮的，应用最高级。故选C。
38．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）As far as we know, China is ________ the Great Wall.
A．famous for B．popular with C．regarded as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：据我们所知，中国以长城而闻名。
考查形容词短语辨析。be famous for因……而著名；be popular with受……欢迎；be regarded as被认为是。根据“China is … the Great Wall”及常识可知，中国以长城而闻名，故选A。
39．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）— The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________.
— We should visit him twice a month.
A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这位老人独自生活，所以他可能会感到孤独。——我们应该一个月去看他两次。
考查词义辨析。alone独自，副词；lonely孤独的，有一定的感彩。第一空是修饰动词lives，应用副词alone；第二空表示感到孤独，应用lonely，故选A。
40．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Remember this, kids. The harder you work, the ________ you will be.
A．worse B．luckier C．easier
【答案】B
【详解】句意：记住这一点，孩子们。你越努力，你就越幸运。
考查形容词辨析。worse更差的；luckier更幸运的；easier更容易的。根据“The harder you work, the … you will be”可知，越努力就越幸运，故选B。
41．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）My geography teacher lives an active life. She looks ________ than she really is.
A．young B．younger C．youngest
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我的地理老师过着积极的生活。她看起来比实际年龄年轻。
考查比较级。根据“than”可知此处用比较级。故选B。
42．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—It’s a long way from our school to the museum!
—You mean it’s ________ to take a taxi.
A．popular B．necessary C．important
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——从我们学校到博物馆有很长的一段路！——你的意思是有必要乘出租车。
考查形容词辨析。popular受欢迎的；necessary必要的；important重要的。根据“It’s a long way from our school to the museum!”可知距离很远，是有必要乘出租车的。故选B。
43．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）ChatGPT is one of ________ applications these days.
A．hot B．hotter C．the hottest
【答案】C
【详解】句意：ChatGPT是最近最热门的应用程序之一。
考查形容词最高级。根据“ChatGPT is one of...applications these days.”可知，此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构，故选C。
44．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）Our village becomes ________ than before because of “Beautiful Villages” project.
A．cheaper B．longer C．cleaner
【答案】C
【详解】句意：因为“美丽乡村”工程，我们的村庄变得比以前更干净了。
考查形容词辨析。cheaper更便宜的；longer更久的；cleaner更干净的。根据“Beautiful Villages”可知“美丽乡村”工程应该让村庄更干净，故选C。
45．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）It’s one of ________ things in the world to stay with our family members.
A．the happiest B．happier C．happy
【答案】A
【详解】句意：和家人在一起是世界上最幸福的事情之一。
考查最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。故选A。
46．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—To tell the truth, I am now feeling very ________.
—Take it easy. You’ll make it.
A．peaceful B．nervous C．confident
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——说实话，我现在感到很紧张。 ——别紧张。你会成功的。
考查形容词辨析。peaceful平静的；nervous紧张的； confident自信的。根据“Take it easy. You’ll make it.”可知，此处表示感到紧张。故选B。
47．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）— How do you like my poem Moonlight
— I ________ it. It’s about the beauty of nature.
A．am interested in B．am worried about C．am thankful for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你觉得我的诗《月光》怎么样？——我很感兴趣。这是关于自然之美。
考查形容词短语辨析。be interested in对……感兴趣；be worried about担心；be thankful for对……表示感激。根据“I...it. It’s about the beauty of nature.”可知，对诗感兴趣，故选A。
48．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—The food in the restaurant is great, isn’t it
—Yes, it’s fine. I just don’t like the environment. The music is too _______.
A．talented B．useful C．noisy D．beautiful
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——这家餐馆的食物很棒，不是吗？——是的，它很好。我就是不喜欢这里的环境。音乐太吵了。
考查形容词辨析。talented有天赋的；useful有用的；noisy吵闹的；beautiful美丽的。根据“I just don’t like the environment. The music is too”可知音乐太吵闹了，所以这里环境不好。故选C。
49．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—The girls are talking about the art festival _______.
—Yes, they have so many fun things to share.
A．suddenly B．sadly C．Badly D．happily
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这些女孩们正在快乐地谈论艺术节。——是的。她们有很多有趣的事情一起分享。
考查副词辨析。suddenly突然地；sadly难过地；badly严重地；happily开心地。根据“they have so many fun things to share”，可知她们应该很开心，故选D。
题组3 语法选择
What are some of 1 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind How have they changed our lives Read the following story and you are 2 to find your answers.
There was once a(n) 3 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 4 . He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.
When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 5 you have made!I have never seen 6 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up ”
So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 7 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”
The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 8 the lesson is!
The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 9 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 10 —which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.
1.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest
2.A.sure B.interesting C.happy D.easy
3.A.powerful B.important C.famous D.common
4.A.creative B.friendly C.popular D.humorous
5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess
C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess
6.A.so huge B.so a huge C.such huge D.such a huge
7.A.big B.small C.good D.full
8.A.How great B.How a great C.What great D.What a great
9.A.angry B.afraid C.sorry D.careful
10.A.new something B.something new
C.new anything D.anything new
文章介绍了一位著名而且很有创造力的科学家的故事。
1.D 本题考查形容词的最高级。由本句话中表示范围的in the history of mankind可知,此处应用最高级。
2.A 本题考查形容词短语。be sure to 一定会。
3.C 本题考查形容词词义辨析。powerful有影响力的;important重要的;famous著名的;common普遍的。根据语境可知选C。
4.A 本句考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识,科学家应该是“很有创造力的”。
5.D 根据感叹句的基本结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”可知选D。mess表示“脏乱”的时候是可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a。
6.D 本题考查such的用法。根据“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”结构可知选D。
7.A 考查形容词词义辨析。由后面的two tiny hands及他失手摔了牛奶瓶可知,牛奶瓶很大。
8.A 根据感叹句的基本结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”可知答案为A。
9.B 本题考查形容词短语。be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。
10.B 本题考查形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。形容词修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词的后面,且本句是肯定句,故选B。
短文填空
Healthy eating tips for busy students
As a student, you are often under a lot of stress. You may find it 1 to avoid(避免) bad habits. But having a healthy diet can help you feel 2 . It really isn't that hard to start eating healthily.
Eat a good breakfast
Studies show that skipping breakfast(不吃早餐)is 3 for students' study. When there is no time for you to sit down and enjoy your morning meal, you can have some eggs, fruit and some juice on your way.
Keep healthy snacks on hand
If you are 4 during night or the break between classes, you can enjoy them at any time.
Drink lots of water
Water is one of the 5 important things that keep us alive.Your body needs at least eight glasses of water a day. And if you often exercise, you may need more. Remind yourself to carry a water bottle when you go to the classroom and keep it handy during a late study night.
Here are my tips for you. I hope these can be helpful.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
本文介绍的是健康饮食的小建议,是作者专门给忙于学习的学生们提出来的。
1.hard/difficult 本题考查形容词。根据语境可知,学生们很难避免坏习惯,故填hard或difficult。此处it作形式宾语。
2.better 本题考查形容词比较级。在本句中,feel为系动词,后跟形容词且此处表示“帮你感觉更好”,故填better。
3.bad 本题考查形容词。be bad for 对……有害。
4.hungry 本题考查形容词。根据常识,饿的时候会去吃东西,故填hungry。
5.most 本题考查形容词的最高级。此处是“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”的结构。故填most。
题组4. 语法选择
There was a businessman who was deep in debt (债务) and could see no way out. He 1 sat on a park bench, head in his hands.
2 , an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is troubling you,” he said. After listening to the businessman's story, the old man wrote out a check (支票), and put it in his hand, saying, “Take it and pay me 3 here exactly one year from today.” Then he turned and disappeared as 4 as he had come.
The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 5 men in the world!
“I can pay off my debts in a second!” he realized. But 6 , the businessman decided to put the check in his safe (保险箱). Just knowing it was there might give him the power to save his business, he thought.
He went back and worked 7 to make his business successful. Within several months, he was out of debt and making money 8 .
9 one year later, he returned to the park with the check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. Behind the old man was a nurse. The nurse spoke to the businessman and said that the old man was mentally(精神上) ill and was 10 telling people he was John D. Rockefeller.
The businessman was shocked to hear this. All year long he'd been buying and selling, believing that he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was his new-found self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.
1.A.angrily B.hopelessly C.happily D.luckily
2.A.Finally B.Actually C.Suddenly D.Recently
3.A.back B.on C.for D.down
4.A.slowly B.quickly C.more quickly D.most quickly
5.A.rich B.richer C.richest D.most rich
6.A.however B.so C.therefore D.instead
7.A.hard B.hardly C.harder D.more hardly
8.A.once again B.at all C.after all D.any more
9.A.Finally B.Exactly C.Soon D.Actually
10.A.never B.hardly C.always D.seldom
文章讲述了一位债务缠身的商人正绝望时遇到一位老人的故事。
1.B 本题考查副词词义辨析。根据第一句There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out.可知,商人应该是感到很绝望,故选B。
2.C 本题考查副词词义辨析。根据后文可知,一位老人突然出现在他的面前。故选C。
3.A 本题考查固定搭配。pay back偿还。故选A。
4.B 本题考查副词。在“as...as”结构中,形容词/副词用原级。故选B。
5.C 本题考查形容词的最高级。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,rich的最高级是richest,故选C。
6.D 本题考查副词。根据设空处后面的the businessman decided to put the check in his safe可知,商人并未拿支票去偿还他的债务,而是把它放到保险箱里。故选D。
7.A 本题考查副词词义辨析。hard努力地,hardly几乎不,两个词都是副词,但意义相差很远。work hard努力工作。本句没有比较,所以用hard,故选A。
8.A 本题考查副词短语。根据上下文可知,商人的情况有了转机,又一次挣钱了,故选A。
9.B 本题考查副词。finally最后,终于;exactly确切地;soon不久;actually事实上。根据上文“Take it and pay me back here exactly one year from today.”可知选B。原词复现。
10.C 本题考查频度副词。根据语境可知,老人的精神有点失常,所以总是告诉别人自己是John D. Rockefeller。
短文填空
Santa Claus was not always a happy old man. He did not always have long white whiskers(胡子), and he did not 1 wear a big red suit.
Long 2 , he lived in the North Pole, and his yearly Christmas visits brought joy to all the children around the world. Santa Claus was a child himself. He was once 3 an ordinary boy named Nicholas. His parents named him Nicholas, which means “hero of the people”.
Even at a young age, Nicholas often helped the people in his village. He shared his meals with those who had nothing to eat. At a very young age, Nicholas joined the church. It was his duty to help people. He gave special attention to the children of his village, and they loved Nicholas 4 than anyone else in the village.
5 Nicholas became well-known for his good deeds(善事). He often wore a long red robe with a red hat, and he traveled on horseback. At every village, children would see形容词、副词考点聚焦和精讲
【中考形容词、副词考点聚焦】
形容词的功能和位置；
常见易混形容词用法辨析。
副词的功能和位置；
副词的构成和分类；
常见易混副词用法辨析；
6、形容词、副词比较等级的用法。
一 形容词的功能和位置
1.说明人或事物的性质或特征的词叫形容词。形容词在句中只要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
1. 形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。如：
I have an interesting book. // a big yellow wooden wheel一个黄色的大木轮
Would you like something hot to drink // Something serious has happened to him.
【注意】“基数词+名词+形容词”可构成复合形容词，用作定语。复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式，而且这个复合形容词只放在被修饰的名词前。 如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩
2. 形容词作表语，放在系动词(be, look, feel, smell, sound….)的后面。如：He is tall. // He looks happy today.
3. 形容词作宾语的补语，放在keep, make, leave等动词的宾语后作宾语补足语。如：
Do you think it necessary // Doing morning exercises can keep us healthy.
4. 形容词作状语。如：He arrived home, hungry and tired.
5. 形容词作主语放在句首，作宾语放在动词或介词后。如：
The young should be polite to the old. // The new always take the place of the old.
6.“数词＋形容词”表示“长、宽、高、深、重、远离及年龄”，形容词应该置于名词后。如：
He’s 1.8 metres tall. // The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.
2. 多个形容词作定语时的排序
请记住“限观形龄颜国材”，如果这几个字不好记，就记“县官行令宴国才”。
（1）县（限）：代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。如：
the，this这个，that那个， my我的，Tom’s汤姆的，two两个。
（2）官（观）：代表观点的描述性形容词。如：fine好的，beautiful漂亮的，interesting有趣的。
（3）行（形）：代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词。如：small小的，tall高的，high高的，round圆的。
（4）令（龄）：代表年龄、新旧的形容词。如：young年轻的，old年老的，new新的。
（5）宴（颜）：代表颜色的形容词。如：red红的，black黑的，white白的。
（6）国：代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词（或名词）。如：English英国的，American美国的。
（7）才（材）：代表中心名词构成材料的形容词。如：wooden木制的，stone石头，plastic塑料。
There is desk in my room. 在我的房间里有一个又小又旧的黑色木桌。
His living room is decorated with carpet. 他的起居室里装饰着绿色的中国大地毯。
3. the加上某些形容词相当于名词，表示一类人或事物
有些形容词如：rich, poor, good, bad, young, old, healthy, ill, living, dead等，前面加定冠词the 后变成名词，表示某种人，其谓语常用复数形式。
The poor very happy, but the rich sad. 穷人高兴，但是富人悲伤。
4. 以-ly结尾的形容词
（1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly等仍为形容词。
改错：(错）She sang lovely. （对）Her singing was lovely.
（错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
（2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既可做形容词，也可做副词。如：daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等。如：
The Times is a daily paper. // The Times is published daily.
5. 只能作表语的形容词：
以下这些形容词：afraid; alone; asleep; awake; alive; well健康的; ill; frightened等，只能用做表语。如：
（误）The ill man is my uncle. （正）The man is ill.
6. 只能作定语的形容词：
以下这些形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的。如：
My brother is elder.（误） My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）
7. 既可做形容词又可做副词的词
下列词既可做形容词又可做副词。如：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：
He stayed there very long. 他在那儿呆了好久。// He is a very hard person. 他是个难对付的家伙。
8. 形容词与名词的转换：
（1）名词加后缀变为形容词。
① 在名词后加-y。如：wind→windy, sun→sunny, luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy, noise→noisy, health→healthy…
② 在名词后加-ly。如：day→daily, week→weekly, month→monthly, friend→friendly, love→lovely…
③ 在动词或名词后加-ful。如：help→helpful, thank→thankful, beauty→beautiful, care→careful, use→useful…
④ 在方位名词后加-ern。如：east→eastern, south→southern, north→northern, west→western…
⑤ 在名词后加-less，变成否定意义的形容词。如：hope→hopeless, use→useless, care→careless…
（2）形容词加后缀变为名词。
① 形容词加-ty变成名词。如：safe→safety, difficult→difficulty…
② 形容词加-th变成名词。如：warm→warmth, young→youth, true→truth…
③ 形容词加-ness变成名词。如：ill→illness, weak→weakness, good→goodness, kind→kindness, careless→carelessness, happy→happiness…
④ 形容词加-ence/-ance变成名词。如：different→difference, depedant→depedance, important→importantance…
9. -ing形容词和-ed形容词的比较：-ing形容词表示主动意义，多修饰事或物，多指事物影响到人，意为“使人（感到）……的”；而-ed 形容词往往带有被动含义，修饰人，多指人受到事物的影响，意为“感到……的”，常用于“sb.+ -ed形容词”结构，有时也做定语用。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句
interesting有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 This is an interesting book. / I’m interested in this book.
surprising 使人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 Peter told me a surprising story. / I’m surprised at the news.
pleasing 使人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的 This is a pleasing answer. / I’m pleased with your answer.
moving 动人的 moved 受感动的 This is a moving story. / I’m moved by the story.
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 They are all excited about the the exciting sports news.
tiring 使人厌倦的 tired感到疲倦的 This speech is very tiring. / I’m tired of the speech.
10. 形容词常用句型：
（1）“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth.
注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者（人）的性格、品质的形容词。如：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right（正确的），wrong等。
It’s very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me.
（2）“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb.
注意：这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词。如：important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. =To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.
（3）表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad, pleased, sad, thankful等常接不定式。
I’m very sad to hear the bad news. // I’m very glad to see you.
表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. // He is sure to get to school on time.
（5）sb. find/make/think+it+形容词+to do sth. (某人发现/认为/使得做某事怎样) 句中的it是形式宾语，不定式短语to do sth.为真正的宾语，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语重要。
二 常用易混形容词用法辨析：
（1）whole与all的用法辨析：记住两个词序：① the whole +名词； ②all (of) the +名词。如：
He was busy the morning.
He can remember the words he learns.
（2）tall与high, short与low用法辨析：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。
He’s very . // A few people live on mountains.
trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.
（3）real与true的用法辨析：real一般指东西的真假，意为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，意为“真实的”。
This is a diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.
----Is that ----Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
（4）interested与interesting的用法辨析：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。
I am in science.
The man is very and all the children like him.
This book is and you can really enjoy yourself.
（5）good与well的用法辨析：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well。
Doing sports is for us.
Study and make progress every day.
----How are you ----I am very .
（6）nice与fine的用法辨析：nice表示令人愉快的，可指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。
Let’s go and share(分享) the cake.
She is a girl.
What a day!
He’s recently(最近).
（7）too much与much too的用法辨析：too much表示“太多的”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。
That coat is dear.
I am full because I have had rice.
（8）quick、fast与soon的用法辨析：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。
A train is faster than a bus.
His father will be back to China very .
After a breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.
（9）lonely与alone的用法辨析：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，(作为副词的alone可作状语)。
He lives but he doesn’t feel .
He is a person. You can not easily get on well with him.
（10）other与else的用法辨析：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much时要后置。另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。
The students are on the playground.
Who can work out this maths problem
This is nobody money. It’s mine.
Do you have anything to say for yourself
（11）special与especial的用法辨析：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但
special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。
She pays attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装)
These are chairs for small children. 这些是专门给小孩子的椅子。
（12）gone、lost、missing的用法辨析：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。
My fever(高烧) is , but I still have a cough. 发烧消退了，但我仍然咳嗽。
The parents found the child at last. 家长终于找到了迷路的孩子。
My dictionary is .Who’s taken it away 我的字典不见了，谁拿走了？
For more detailed information(详情) of the girls, please visit our website. 如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情，请访问我们的网站。
（13）living、alive、live与lively的用法辨析：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
1）living读[livi ]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语。②“一模一样的、逼真的”。③相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；
2）alive读[[ laiv]作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；
3）live读[laiv]，指东西“活的”，可以替换为living；
4）lively读[laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的。②(色彩)鲜艳的。③生动的，真实的。
A language should be learned orally (口头上). 活的语言应该从口头上学（被动句）。
We have a hope that you will succeed. 我们强烈地希望你能成功。
They are the happiest children . 他们是活着的最开心的孩子。
This is a fish. 这是条活鱼。
Is she still 她还活着吗？
She is as as a kitten (小猫). 她像小猫一样可爱。
He gave a description of the football match. 他生动地描述了那场足球赛。
（14）sick与ill的用法辨析：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。
He has been for a long time and he is very weak now. 他病了很久，现在非常虚弱。
Vets help treat pets and most of the pets’ owners like them. 兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物，很受宠物主人们的喜爱。
三 副词的功能和位置
修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如：Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly.
1. 副词的功能
（1）副词作状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。
My father works very hard.
Tom speak Chinese really well.
Luckily, it was not so hot.
（2）副词作表语：主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词
Food here is hard to get.
I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.
Let’s be out.
（3）副词作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。
People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.
Water here is prepared for you.
（4）副词作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。
Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!
I saw him there.
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.
Peter found his father in when he got home last night.
2. 副词在句中的位置：
（1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。
Mr. Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
（2）频度副词often, always, never, seldom等作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
（3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
（4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work.
（5）地点副词和表示具体时间的副词一般放在句末。如果这两个副词同时出现在一个句子中，则地点副词在前，时间副词在后。
Li Lei went there last night.
Tom had a birthday party in a restaurant last Sunday.
四 副词的构成和分类
1. 副词的构成：
多数副词是由形容词加后缀构成的。其变化有以下几种形式。
（1）一般由形容词词尾加-ly变成副词。如：quick→quickly, sudden→suddenly, real→really, slow→slowly等。
（2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的要变y为i再加-ly。如：lucky→luckily, happy→happily, angry→angrily等。
（3）以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly。如：safe→safely, wide→widely, polite→politely等。
（4）以元音字母加+e结尾，去e再加-ly。如：true→truly等。
（5）以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y。如：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly等。
（6）形容词与副词同形。如：fast, high, hard, early等。
（7）形容词与副词异形。如：good→well等。
【注意】hard作形容词时意思是“困难的，硬的，生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
We should study at school.
I can see anything in the dark room.
The question is very for me to answer.
2. 副词的分类：
（1）时间副词：通常用来表示动作的时间。时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。常见的时间副词有：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still等。
He will be back . 他明天将回来。
we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。
（2）地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。
The children are playing .
people are practicing speaking English.
Please go straight the street.
（3）方式副词：一般都是回答“怎样地？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly，它们与形容词同形。常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。
The birds are flying .
He runs very .
The old man walked home .
Please listen to the teacher .
（4）程度副词：多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。程度副词常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与 much连用并置于句末。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。
Her pronunciation is good.
I can agree with you.
Tom is old to go to school.
（5）疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。
are you getting along with your studies
were you yesterday
did you do that
（6）频度副词：是用来表示动作频率。常放在动词之前，或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中sometimes也常置于句首。常见的频度副词有：always, often, never, usually, hardly, seldom（很少）等。
I go out for a walk after supper.
She is out on Sundays.
(7)连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语，通常放在句子或从句前面。常见的连接副词有：so, yet, then, how, when, where, why, whether, however, otherwise, meanwhile等。
I am going to kill the cat is still a question.
That is everyone is afraid of the tiger.
He wondered he could do it the next day. 他不知道第二天怎样做那事。
(8)关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，放在从句的前面。常见的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。
This is the place Mr Zhang once lived.
Please tell me the way you have learned English so well.
五 常见易混副词用法辨析
（1）already、yet的用法辨析：
在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。
Have you done it 你已经做好了？
I have not had my breakfast . 我还没有吃早饭呢。
（2）later、after、ago、before的用法辨析：
①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。
②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。
③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。
He had an accident a week . 一周前出了一个事故。
Some years , the boy became a very famous singer. 数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家。
Have you been there 你从前到过那儿吗？// After a few years he gave up smoking. 过了几年他戒了烟。
（3）above、below、over、under的用法辨析：
在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under。
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。
The stars are high in the sky. 星星高挂在空中。
A plane flew quickly. 一架飞机从头顶飞过。
（4）too、also、either、nor、as well的用法辨析：
too“也”用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；
as well用于肯定句的末尾；
also“也”用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；
either“也”用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；
nor“也不”用于倒装句句首；
Are you American, 你也是美国人吗？
He is not happy and I am not happy, . 他不愉快，我也不。
You can find the market is very good. 你还可以发觉那个市场很好。
He didn’t watch the football game. did I. 他没有看足球赛，我也没有。
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher .
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, . 我父亲是一位老师。我母亲也是一位老师。
（5）enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法辨析：
enough“足够，十分”放在形容词或副词之后；
too“太”、very“非常”、quite“相当”、so“如此地”等放在形容词或副词前，very much“非常”放在动词后。
I don’t like sweets . 我不很喜欢糖果。
It’s expensive. 它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。
【注意】very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。
I don’t like him . 我不太喜欢他。
He is stupid. 他很笨。
The film was moving and everyone swept. 电影非常动人，大家都哭了。
（6）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法辨析：
sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：I will stay here some time. 我会在这儿呆些时候。
I will meet your father . 我什么时候要见你的父亲。
they go hiking in the mountains. 他们有时徒步旅行到山里去。
（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法辨析：
对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what。
a fine day (it is) today! 今天天气真好！
difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！
（8）much too、too much的用法辨析：
much too意为“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词；
too much意为“太多”，用来修饰名词。
（9）hard、hardly的用法辨析：
hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，
hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。
They study English very . 他们英语学得很刻苦。
You can see a person spit in a public place. 在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰。
（10）“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法辨析：
记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词；
②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词；
③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+ rather+形容词+名词。
It is a nice day for a walk. 这真是散步的好日子。
I have never seen a strange guy. 我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙。
（11）how 的几个短语的用法辨析：
how often“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；
how soon“多久以后”，用于将来时态；
how long“多久”，用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；
how many time“多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；
how much“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。
have you been like this 你这样已经多久了？
does he wash his face 他每隔多久洗一次脸？
（12）no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法辨析：
表示时间，可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer，而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度，可用no more、not...any more.
He didn’t smoke . 他不再抽烟。
He lived there. 他不再住在那里。
Tom wanted cakes. 他不想再要蛋糕。
（13）too...to...与so...that...的用法辨析：
副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词，to后面跟动词，that后面跟从句。too...to... “太……以致不……”是否定的结构，用于简单句；so...that...“如此……以致……”是肯定结构，用于复合句。
The child is join the army. 这孩子年龄太小还不能参军。
He is he can lift the heavy box. 他这么强壮，搬得动那个重箱子。
（14）farther与further的用法辨析：
表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思，此时不能换为farther。
This problem will be discussed. 这个问题还要进一步讨论。
They decided to go the next day. 他们决定第二天走得再远些。
（15）rather与quite的用法辨析：
同very一样，两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度，quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”，rather比quite更接近very的含义，含有令人惊讶的意思。见下面对“nice”程度的描绘：not nice; (fairly) nice; quite nice; rather nice; very nice。
not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice
It’s a nice film. 这是部好片子。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)
It’s a nice film. 这是部很不错的电影。(意味着比大多数电影都好)
（16）maybe、possibly、perhaps的用法辨析：
maybe“可能、也许”，比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；
possibly“可能地、或者、也许”，可能性较大，在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；
perhaps“可能”，较为常用而且正式，可能性也不大。如：
You could put it over there, . 也许你可以把它放在那边。
I thought it was the letter you have been expecting. 我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件。
（17）most、mostly的用法辨析：
most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”，作为副词时意思为“最，十分、很”；
mostly仅为副词，意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。
children are naughty. 大部分的孩子都淘气。
She is out on Sundays. 星期天她一般不在家。
（18）lonely、alone 的用法辨析：
①alone 独自一人/没有同伴，既可作adj.也可作adv.
②lonely 表示孤独、寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉，偏僻的，常与feel 连用。
③alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语，也可作定语。
He lives alone on a island.
He is , but he doesn’t feel .
（19）almost、nearly的用法辨析：
两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly，almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。
We are there. 我们几乎就到那里了。
He had done nothing today. 他今天几乎没有干什么。
understood his words. 几乎没有人懂他的话。
（20）a bit、a little的用法辨析：
这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。
另外，a little可以直接加不可数名词，a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。
colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷了点。
This digital camera is expensive. 这台数码相机有点贵。
I have got a cold. 我有点感冒。// Go and get a little water for me, please. 请你去给我搞点水来。
【注意】not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”，而 not a little=very意为“非常，不是一点“。
（21）now、just、just now的用法辨析
now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”。
just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚……”；just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”。
Where does he live now
We have just seen the film.
He was here just now.
（22）so、such的用法辨析
①so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词。②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数；such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数；such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词。
③名词前有many, much, few, little (少量的) 用so不用such (多多少少仍用so)，但little 表示“小的”用such.
My brother runs fast that I can’t follow him.
He is a boy.
He is so clever a boy.=He is a clever boy.
It is cold weather.
They are good students.
There are many people.
There is little time that we can’t finish the work on time.
They are little children that they can’t do anything.
He is a little boy.
（23）(be) worth、(be) worthy of的用法辨析：
worth一般被看作是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，用主动表示被动含义，还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”，后面跟动名词的被动形式。
The house ￥300,000. 房子价值30万元。
It is a thing of being seen. 这是一个值得看的东西。
This book is well reading several times. 这本书值得好好读几遍.
What is worth at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的，就值得好好去做。
（24）as…as…常构成一些词组的用法辨析：
as soon as…(一旦……就……)，as well as…(同样)，as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。
【注意】“as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达……”的含义。
Please ring me up you get to Beijing. 请你一到北京就给我写信。
Miss Gao hurried to the school gate . 高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。
They stayed in the cave(山洞) two weeks. 他们呆在山洞里长达两周。
The house costs five hundred thousand yuan. 那幢房子花费高达50万元。
（25）fast、quickly、soon的用法辨析：
①fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点。
②quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，总共延续的时间很短，常指人的思维快，手快或动作敏捷等。
③soon 侧重指两件事情的先后发生，中间的间隔的时间很短。
The Class1 runner runs very . 一班的运动员跑得非常快。
She cooked the supper.她迅速地做好了晚饭。
Please write to me .请尽快给我写信。
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成规律
（一）规则变化
1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。
4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：big-bigger-biggest等。
【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）
5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如：
often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。
【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English.
6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如：
slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。
（二）不规则变化（好坏多少老远）
原 级 比较级 最高级
good好的 更好的 最好的
well好；(身体)好的
bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 更糟糕的，更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 最糟糕的，最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数) 更多的；更 最多的；最
much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的 更少的 最少的
old旧的，老的，年长的 较旧的，较老的 最旧的，最老的
较年长的 最年长的
far远的；远地 (指距离)更远的；更远地 (指距离)最远的/地
(指程度)进一步的/地 (指程度)最深刻的/地
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。
【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。
六 形容词、副词比较等级的用法
（一）原级的用法
⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为：
“主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.”
He is very old now.
They ran quite fast.
The weather looks rather bad.
I am so happy!
⒉ 原级常用的句型结构
⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”
Tom is as old as Kate.
He is as excited as his younger sister.
Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.
⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中）
This room is not as/so big as that one.
He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.
【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。
She is as good a teacher as your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。
“as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。
Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。
They weren’t so much islands as sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。
⒊ 表示“相当于……的一半/两倍/三倍……”等时，用“half/twice/three/four/…times as+形容词原级+as”句型。
This book is half as thick as that one.
This garden is ten times as large as that one.
⒋“the same＋名词＋as”表示同等比较。
I’m the same tall as you.
（二）比较级的用法
1. 比较级常用句型结构：
⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。
He works harder than I.
This book didn’t cost me more than that one.
⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。
I think English is less difficult than maths.
Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language
⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。
Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys.
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
⑷ “比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
The days are getting longer and longer.
He becomes fatter and fatter.
English is becoming more and more important.
⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”、“越……就越……”
The more trees we plant, the better it will be.
The harder you try, the greater your progress is.
⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。
Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat
2. 需注意的比较级的用法：
⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
Tom looks even younger than before.
Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.
⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。
My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil).
⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有：
比较级+than+any other+单数名词。
Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.
比较级+than+the other+复数名词。
Tom is taller than the other boys in our class.
比较级+than+anyone else。
Tom is taller than anyone else in our class.
比较级+than+all other+复数名词。
This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing.
Nobody else+比较级+than …。
Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.
⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如：
No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study.
I never read a more interesting book.
（三）最高级的用法
1. 最高级常用句型结构：
⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。
He runs fastest in our class.
This is the biggest apple I have ever met.
He is the best among the students.
⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。
He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn
2. 需注意的最高级的用法：
⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。
⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。
⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。
He is our best friend.
Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.
It’s most dangerous to be here.
I cannot do it, it’s most difficult.
It’s today’s most important news.
This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat coat
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
题组1 形容词和副词填空
1. (lucky), she was a quick learner.
“But you know it's a great life and we're learning so much on our journey,” says William
(proud).
3.Carmen loves the (Australia)singer very much.
4.It's one of southern Africa's (hot) places, and there is often no water.
5.After that,Orion wanted to make an even (big)influence.
6.If someone is treated (kind), it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else.
7.My parents and I had a (wonder) journey to Hainan.
8.The little boy was (interest) in all of these subjects, especially in math.
9.For him, the quiet night was a (value) time to focus on translation.
10.I thought about his words very (careful)and then understood everything.
11.But there need to be (strict)health rules than ever. Most programs will not be allowed to have more than 30 kids.
12.Of all the musical instruments, the drums were (interesting)to Beth.
13.His smile was even (bright)than the sun.
14.But then she stopped and looked at Mr Happy (angry).
15.I got a cheap and simple room, much (small) than my own room back home.
16.Thanks to others' help, we live much (happily) than before.
17.“Could you please bring it over here ”asked one boy (polite).
题组2 选择题
1．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）“We made our dreams come true through ________ work,” Chinese astronaut Liu Yang shared her stories on China’s Space Day.
A．hard B．lazy C．easy
2．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon.
—Yeah. It will be more ________ for us to travel to Xi’an.
A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional
3．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.
A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet
4．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel ________. They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays (紫外线) from the sun.
A．hot B．sick C．sleepy D．hungry
5．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）Short-form videos can ________ catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin.
A．easily B．widely C．luckily D．seriously
6．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）My cousin is ________. He never forgets the things he needs to do.
A．energetic B．curious C．organized D．confident
7．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Mum opened the door ________ because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.
A．angrily B．loudly C．quickly D．quietly
8．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Why are you so ________
—Because my pet dog is dead.
A．pleased B．active C．sad D．friendly
9．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）You should drive ________ on rainy days to keep safe.
A．quickly B．happily C．slowly D．carelessly
10．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much ________ than the others in his class.
A．stronger B．thinner C．smaller D．weaker
11．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）— Mike plays basketball well. Do you know him
— Sure. He is also one of ________ basketball players in our class.
A．tall B．the taller C．tallest D．the tallest
12．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—I’ll remember the teachers who ________ me forever.
—Me, too. They have taught us a lot.
A．are good at B．are short of C．are strict with
13．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because of her cute looks.
A．popular B．public C．proper D．private
14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）The tomato and beef soup tastes ________. I’d like a little more.
A．harmful B．funny C．terrible D．delicious
15．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Which do you like ________, swimming or skating
—Swimming.
A．well B．better C．best D．the best
16．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）I feel ________ to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. I can’t wait.
A．excited B．surprised C．worried D．afraid
17．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Nothing is _______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.
A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest
18．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Thank goodness! The virus is gone.
—Well, it’s ________ to say that. You’d better still wear a mask in public.
A．too late B．late enough C．too early D．early enough
19．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Dressing up as a ghost is ________ unusual in our culture. People think it will bring bad luck.
A．hardly B．hard C．highly D．high
20．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Stop asking ________ questions. Everyone is laughing at you.
A．so wise B．such wise C．so silly D．such silly
21．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）The delicious food and ________ waiters made us happy with the restaurant.
A．slow B．tired C．awful D．polite
22．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）Tips: For our own safety, we’d better not stand under big trees on ________ days in summer.
A．sunny B．cloudy C．rainy D．foggy
23．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Siheyuan is a kind of ___________ building around China with a history of more than 3,000 years.
A．central B．Traditional C．musical D．national
24．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—If we don’t go in the right direction, we’ll get lost ___________ .
—Certainly. The proper direction is like a light in the dark.
A．lately B．Quietly C．easily D．differently
25．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Give me a hand, Jim. I have to climb up the tree to get my kite.
—Better not. You have to take your safety __________.
A．seriously B．completely C．comfortably D．slowly
26．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）My mother was very happy because she bought a beautiful scarf ________ online.
A．cheaply B．badly C．actively D．safely
27．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）—I have trouble with my English.
—John’s English is the ________ in our class. You can ask him for help.
A．worst B．best C．fastest D．slowest
28．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）We should be ________ our parents. They have done a lot for us.
A．thirsty for B．thankful to C．angry with D．similar to
29．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）A man should be strict with himself, but be ________ to others.
A．similar B．harmful C．friendly
30．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）We should spend our pocket money（零花钱）________ and use it to do something meaningful.
A．wisely B．politely C．quietly
31．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Hearing the 19th Asian Games would be held in Hangzhou, China, we could ________ control our feeling of pride.
A．really B．hardly C．nearly D．clearly
32．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）ChatGPT can make a plan ________ than we do.
A．much quickly B．more quick C．even quick D．far more quickly
33．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The football match was put off as a result of the ________ weather.
A．wonderful B．exciting C．difficult D．awful
34．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Tian Xin has good eating habits, so she is very ________.
A．kind B．healthy C．friendly
35．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Is Julie as tall as you
—No, she isn’t. She’s ________ than me.
A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest
36．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）The population of Heilongjiang is ________ than ________ of Shanghai. The birthrate is low, so our government encourages a second or a third child.
A．smaller; those B．less; it C．smaller; that
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）After doing sports, he is ________ of the boys.
A．strong B．stronger C．the strongest
38．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）As far as we know, China is ________ the Great Wall.
A．famous for B．popular with C．regarded as
39．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）— The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________.
— We should visit him twice a month.
A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone
40．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Remember this, kids. The harder you work, the ________ you will be.
A．worse B．luckier C．easier
41．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）My geography teacher lives an active life. She looks ________ than she really is.
A．young B．younger C．youngest
42．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—It’s a long way from our school to the museum!
—You mean it’s ________ to take a taxi.
A．popular B．necessary C．important
43．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）ChatGPT is one of ________ applications these days.
A．hot B．hotter C．the hottest
44．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）Our village becomes ________ than before because of “Beautiful Villages” project.
A．cheaper B．longer C．cleaner
45．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）It’s one of ________ things in the world to stay with our family members.
A．the happiest B．happier C．happy
46．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—To tell the truth, I am now feeling very ________.
—Take it easy. You’ll make it.
A．peaceful B．nervous C．confident
47．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）— How do you like my poem Moonlight
— I ________ it. It’s about the beauty of nature.
A．am interested in B．am worried about C．am thankful for
48．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—The food in the restaurant is great, isn’t it
—Yes, it’s fine. I just don’t like the environment. The music is too _______.
A．talented B．useful C．noisy D．beautiful
49．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—The girls are talking about the art festival _______.
—Yes, they have so many fun things to share.
A．suddenly B．sadly C．Badly D．happily
题组3 语法选择
What are some of 1 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind How have they changed our lives Read the following story and you are 2 to find your answers.
There was once a(n) 3 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 4 . He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.
When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 5 you have made!I have never seen 6 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up ”
So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 7 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”
The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 8 the lesson is!
The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 9 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 10 —which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.
1.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest
2.A.sure B.interesting C.happy D.easy
3.A.powerful B.important C.famous D.common
4.A.creative B.friendly C.popular D.humorous
5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess
C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess
6.A.so huge B.so a huge C.such huge D.such a huge
7.A.big B.small C.good D.full
8.A.How great B.How a great C.What great D.What a great
9.A.angry B.afraid C.sorry D.careful
10.A.new something B.something new
C.new anything D.anything new
短文填空
Healthy eating tips for busy students
As a student, you are often under a lot of stress. You may find it 1 to avoid(避免) bad habits. But having a healthy diet can help you feel 2 . It really isn't that hard to start eating healthily.
Eat a good breakfast
Studies show that skipping breakfast(不吃早餐)is 3 for students' study. When there is no time for you to sit down and enjoy your morning meal, you can have some eggs, fruit and some juice on your way.
Keep healthy snacks on hand
If you are 4 during night or the break between classes, you can enjoy them at any time.
Drink lots of water
Water is one of the 5 important things that keep us alive.Your body needs at least eight glasses of water a day. And if you often exercise, you may need more. Remind yourself to carry a water bottle when you go to the classroom and keep it handy during a late study night.
Here are my tips for you. I hope these can be helpful.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
题组4. 语法选择
There was a businessman who was deep in debt (债务) and could see no way out. He 1 sat on a park bench, head in his hands.
2 , an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is troubling you,” he said. After listening to the businessman's story, the old man wrote out a check (支票), and put it in his hand, saying, “Take it and pay me 3 here exactly one year from today.” Then he turned and disappeared as 4 as he had come.
The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 5 men in the world!
“I can pay off my debts in a second!” he realized. But 6 , the businessman decided to put the check in his safe (保险箱). Just knowing it was there might give him the power to save his business, he thought.
He went back and worked 7 to make his business successful. Within several months, he was out of debt and making money 8 .
9 one year later, he returned to the park with the check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. Behind the old man was a nurse. The nurse spoke to the businessman and said that the old man was mentally(精神上) ill and was 10 telling people he was John D. Rockefeller.
The businessman was shocked to hear this. All year long he'd been buying and selling, believing that he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was his new-found self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.
1.A.angrily B.hopelessly C.happily D.luckily
2.A.Finally B.Actually C.Suddenly D.Recently
3.A.back B.on C.for D.down
4.A.slowly B.quickly C.more quickly D.most quickly
5.A.rich B.richer C.richest D.most rich
6.A.however B.so C.therefore D.instead
7.A.hard B.hardly C.harder D.more hardly
8.A.once again B.at all C.after all D.any more
9.A.Finally B.Exactly C.Soon D.Actually
10.A.never B.hardly C.always D.seldom
短文填空
Santa Claus was not always a happy old man. He did not always have long white whiskers(胡子), and he did not 1 wear a big red suit.
Long 2 , he lived in the North Pole, and his yearly Christmas visits brought joy to all the children around the world. Santa Claus was a child himself. He was once 3 an ordinary boy named Nicholas. His parents named him Nicholas, which means “hero of the people”.
Even at a young age, Nicholas often helped the people in his village. He shared his meals with those who had nothing to eat. At a very young age, Nicholas joined the church. It was his duty to help people. He gave special attention to the children of his village, and they loved Nicholas 4 than anyone else in the village.
5 Nicholas became well-known for his good deeds(善事). He often wore a long red robe with a red hat, and he traveled on horseback. At every village, children would see his bright robe from a long distance and gather on the road to greet him happily.
For all of his good deeds, Nicholas was named a saint(圣人). Later, people began to celebrate St. Nicholas' good deeds on Christmas Day.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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