动词时态、语态考点聚焦和精讲
【中考动词时态、语态和非谓语动词考点聚焦】
动词的基本形式；
动词的8种时态；
3、被动语态；
一 动词的基本形式
1.英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式和过去分词。如：speak-speaks-speaking-spoke-spoken
动词的五种基本形式变化表
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式，也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be, have, do, learn
第三人称单数形式 一般情况下在动词原形后加-s runs, likes
以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es teach-teaches, wash-washes go-goes, pass-passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study-studies, carry-carries
不规则变化 have-has, be-is
现在分词 一般情况下在动词后加-ing read-reading, cook-cooking
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing live-living, write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ing sit-sitting, begin-beginning
以ie结尾的动词把变ie为y，再加-ing die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
过去式和 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ed work-worked
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变i，再加-ed carry-carried, study-studied
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d live-lived,
以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned
英语动词的五种基本形式的用法：
1、动词原形
（1）以不定式to do 的形式表示目的。如：I want to go home.
（2）放在助动词do, does, did 的后面。如：He does finish the job.
（3）放在情态动词的后面。如：We can have a long holiday.
（4）用于一般现在时（除第三人称单数外）。如：I like playing the piano.
2、第三人称单数形式：用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。如：Tom often goes to school by bus.
3、现在分词：用于进行时态，包括现在进行时，过去进行时等。如：
The students are reading the books now. // When the storm was coming, I was sleeping.
4、过去式：用于一般过去时态，表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句。如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：
I was late yesterday. // They went to see a film two days ago. // The man smoked a lot in the past.
5、过去分词：用于被动语态和完成时。如：
A new bridge will be built next year. // He has told me the sports meet might be put off.
二 动词的8种时
英语中动词共有16种时态。初中阶段共出现了8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。中考重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种时态。
1、一般现在时
（1）谓语构成：是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如：
He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast.
---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t)
（3）一般现在时的基本用法
① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。
② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。
③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。
⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。
⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如
1.He usually to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
2.Every dog its day. 凡人皆有得意日。
3.Pride before a fall. 骄者必败。
4.The earth around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
5.Shanghai in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
6.She watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。
7.We Chinese. 我们说汉语。
8.The train at 3 o’clock.
9.The train for Haikou at 8:00 in the morning.
10.I will call you as soon as I there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。
11.If you him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
12.There the bell. 响铃了。
13.Here the bus. 公交车来了。
2、一般过去时
（1）谓语构成：是由“be动词的过去式（was, were）”或“行为动词的过去式”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在行为动词原形前加didn’t或在was/were后加not。一般疑问句借助did提问，同时把动词过去式改为原形。如果句子有was/were，则把was/were放到句首。如：
It wasn’t rainy yesterday. // ---- Was it rainy yesterday ---- Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.)
He watched TV last night. // ---- Did he watched TV last night ---- Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.)
（3）一般过去时的用法：
① 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…), two days (weeks, months, years…) ago, in 2008, just now, at that moment, once upon a time等，但是当上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：
I worked in that factory last year. // It was very cold yesterday. // I used to go fishing on Sundays.
② 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I played basketball every day when I was a boy.
③ 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。如：
My mother used to go to school on foot.
④ 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间。如：
He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning.
⑤ 有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如：
I was glad to get your letter.
3、一般将来时
（1）谓语构成：是由“be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be, will, shall后直接加not，shall not的缩写shan’t，will not的缩写won’t。一般疑问句是把be, will, shall放到句首。如：
I’m going to buy a computer this year.
I’m not going to buy a computer this year.
---- Are you buy a computer this year ---- Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
We shall go to the zoo.
We shan’t go to the zoo.
---- Shall we go to the zoo ---- Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.)
I will play basketball with you. // I won’t play basketball with you.
---- Will you play basketball with us ---- Yes, I will. (No, we won’t.)
（3）一般将来时的用法
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。
②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。
1.They Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。
2.Mr. Wu us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。
3.Look at the black clouds! It’ . 看看这乌云！快下雨了。
【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如：
Where is he going 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。
（4）以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。
will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。
① 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
② 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。
③ 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。
④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。
1. we go to the zoo 我们去动物园好吗？
2. you play basketball with us 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？
3.It stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。
4.The sun at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。
（5）will 与be going to的区别
1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。
2）“be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。
I eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。
There an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。
（6）一般将来时的特殊表达形式
① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。如：They are about to leave.
③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。
④ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon.
We are to meet the guests at the station.
Chen Hui is coming tonight.
They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。
I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。
4、现在进行时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(am/is/are)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(am/is/are)放到句首。如：They aren’t having an English class. // ---- Are they having an English class ---- Yes, they are. (No they aren’t.)
（3）现在进行时的用法
① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。
② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。
③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。
④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。
1.---- What are you doing now ---- I am for my key.
2.Look. Some children are games over there.
3.I’m Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。
4.Are you English in a school 你在学校教英语吗？
5.He’s an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。
6.They Hong Kong tomorrow.
7.He’s for Beijing tomorrow.
8.She’s always others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏
9. You are always in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评）
（4）不能用于进行时的动词
① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等
② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。
③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
1.I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
2.This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
3.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
4.He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
5.I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
6.You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
5、过去进行时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如：
He was not waiting for me at that time. // ---- Was he waiting for me at that time ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t)
（3）过去进行时的用法
① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。
③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如：
④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。
⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩。
1.They TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。
2.I dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。
3.What yesterday evening 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？
4.He his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。
5.Mary some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。
6.She told me she Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。
7.We two always . 我们俩老是吵架。
8.The boy was continually questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。
（4）过去进行时常见的时间状语
① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon
② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：
yesterday, last Sunday等。
1.I was reading a book . 在那时我在看书。
2.I was watching TV . 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。
3. , we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。
（5）when和while的区别：
① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。
② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。
③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。
1. were you born 你是什么时候出生的？
2.What was your father doing your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？
3.What was your mother doing you came back 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？
4.I was trying my best to finish my work my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。
（6）过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较
① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。
②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。
1.He his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成)
2.He his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完)
3. It all night. (只说明下雨事实)
6、现在完成时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如：
He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.)
【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。
（3）现在完成时的用法
表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。
② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。
1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle.
2.They have already cleaned the classroom.
3.We have lived here since 1976.
4.They have waited for more than two hours.
（4）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
（5）瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如：
误：The old man has died for a few years.
正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago.
The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died.
A few years has passed since the old man died.
瞬间动词的变化：
瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years)
has come to… has been here since (1990)
(had) left… (had) been away from…
arrived… been in…
died been dead
begun been on
ended been over
bought... had…
borrowed… kept…
joined… been in …
（6）have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别：
have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。
1.I the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。
2.---- Where is Tom ---- He the UK.（即现在不在这儿）
3.I Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。
（7） 句型：
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。
How long may I keep the book (这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
7、过去将来时
（1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中，过去将来时的谓语部分由“助动词would\should+动词原形”构成。
（2）be going to+动词原形；be+动词不定式；be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时。（3）过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如come, go, start, move, leave等。
（4）在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
1.I knew you agree. 我知道你将同意。
2.She her old car and buy a new one. 她将卖她的旧车并且买一辆新车。
3.He told me he in an hour. 他告诉他说，他一小时后离开。
4.They said they us know if they heard any news about him.
8、过去完成时
（1）过去完成时的用法
① 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，过去完成时的谓语部分“助动词had + 过去分词”构成。
② 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中，或者从句是before引导的主句中。
③ 用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
④ 动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
1.I remembered that I this book. 我记得我看过这本书了。
2.He lunch when I came to his house. 当我到他家时他已经吃过午饭了。
3.After I my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.
4.I hardly my work when he came to see me.
5.No sooner I home than the telephone rang.（注意倒装）
（2）过去完成时的时间状语
过去完成时时间状语有：by last week, by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语，也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：
The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.
They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.
三 被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。
1、各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
结 构 例 句
一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。
一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。
现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。
过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。
现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。
过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。
过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。
含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。
初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。
2、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou.
（2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children.
（3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone.
（4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan.
3、主动语态变被动语态的方法
记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤：
（1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
（2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。
（3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。
（4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。
（5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
4、被动语态的几种特殊形式
（1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。
（2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。
1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He Xiao Wang.
2.He cut his hair short.→His hair short.
3.They told him to help me. →He to help me.
4.We find English very useful. →English very useful.
5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He the tree.
6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children that morning.
【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。
对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.
（3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。
（4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。
1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)
2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语)
→I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语)
3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on.
5、主动结构表示被动意义
（1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。
（2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。
（3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。
（4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。
（5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。
（6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。
1.This kind of drink strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。
2.Our teacher younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。
3.The book well. 这本书很畅销。
4.An accident near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。
5.Great changes in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。
6.Your room cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。
7.The movie by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。
6、不用被动语态的情况
（1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。
如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对）
The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对）
（2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：
My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误）
He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误）
（3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：
The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。
不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误）
They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。
不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误）
7、被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
（1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如：
The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）
（2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如：
The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）
（3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。
（4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。
（5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。
题组1 动词的时态
一、填空题
1.While I was watching TV, the doorbell r .
2.Mike often (收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.
3.The child (cry)over there. What's wrong with him
4.Next year, they (make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.
5.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.
6.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.
7.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in London by accident.
8.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
9.Although I (上学,参加)a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!
10.He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructions from the government now.
11.And we never (忘记)the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.
12.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.
13.After a long day, Tom l down on the bed and went to sleep.
14.He (save)up about 300 dollars already.
15.When I told him running for president would be much work, he (promise)that he would help me.
题组2 被动语态
一、填空题
1.If we don't protect the environment well, we'll be (惩罚)sooner or later.
2.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.
3.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
4.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.
5.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.
6.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be (影响)by social media(媒体).
7.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.
8.“Why Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.
9.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.
10.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
11.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).
12.The read-a-thons are (举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.
13.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she (move)by the risks they face, so Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them.
题组3 综合练习
一、填空题
1.Chinese people are so angry that they have (惩罚) some Western companies, including H&M and Nike, by refusing to buy their products since March, 2021.
2.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe what you see in the test paper.” The students tried hard as they (tell).
3.Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should (offer) in all carriages.
4.As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo (use)in ancient people's daily lives.
5.For the coming yard sale, we have d to each sell five things that we no longer use.
6.By now, I think I (实现)my dream, coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.
7.Their artistic effects cannot (复制)by any other pens.
8.From now on, I want you (think) about the big picture more often.
9.Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when (book) their tickets online.
10.When facing difficult situations, people are encouraged (hold) on by the effect of bamboo culture.
Papermaking technology was improved day by day, and more and more kinds of paper were developed
(提供) different using choices.
12.We (throw) tons of rubbish away in our daily life so far, and we have to make a change from now on.
13.Though 20 years old, the book is still r as the best work by people from all over the world.
14.Along the way, he (help) by some with food and by some with shelter(住所).
15.After e him, the doctor told him that there was nothing serious.
16.Ann likes traveling to the seaside and she thinks l on the beach is really comfortable.
17.His body temperature keeps r . We need to send for a doctor at once.
18.The man had no choice and was made (stay)on the bus till the bus reached its terminus.
19.—We are now busy p for the Senior High School Entrance Examination.
—I see. Just take it easy.
20.I spent 24 hours a week (develop) my skills.
题组4 选择题
1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about insects.
A．is working B．has worked C．was working D．will work
2．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.
A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Where’s your brother, Bob
— Look! He ________ the car in the yard.
A．is cleaning B．cleaned C．cleans D．will clean
4．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—I called you last night, but nobody answered. What were you doing at this time yesterday
—Oh, sorry! I ________ the piano.
A．was playing B．played C．would play
5．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
— Those photos must be your valuable memories.
A．have taken B．will take C．take D．were taking
6．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Lucy, what are you doing
—I ________ a model ship.
A．make B．made C．am making D．was making
7．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned
8．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there.
A．have B．had C．will have D．have had
9．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned
10．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Lily, can you tell me ________ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A．what you will do B．what you did C．what will you do D．what did you do
11．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate.
A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting
12．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Could you please turn down the TV Your father _______ on his article.
A．was working B．worked C．is working D．works
13．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise!
A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come
14．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）After this exam, you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy!
A．have B．have had C．had D．will have
15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Nancy, where is your brother
—He ________ for the physical experiment (物理实验) exam in the laboratory.
A．prepares B．is preparing C．was preparing
考点2 动词的语态
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A．was taught B．were taught C．taught
2．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________
— Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money.
A．protect B．be protected C．are protected
3．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo
—It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old.
A．took B．was taken C．is taken
4．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago.
A．was brought B．is brought C．brought
5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day
— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
6．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
7．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.
A．were used B．are using C．will be used
8．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）The boys ________ the exciting soccer game when the teacher came in.
A．talked about B．talk about C．were talking about D．will talk about
9．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
A．was held B．will hold C．will be held
10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked
题组5 语法选择
I knocked into a stranger as he walked by me.“Oh, excuse me,” I said.He 1 with a smile and said, “Please excuse me too. I wasn't watching out for you.” We apologized and left.
Later that day, when I 2 , my daughter was standing too close to me. When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. “You should 3 out of the way!” I shouted. She walked away sadly. But I 4 feel that I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me, “While dealing with a stranger, you were polite, but with the one you 5 , you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You 6 them in the kitchen by the door. Have you 7 the tears in her eyes ”
I quietly went and knelt down by my daughter's bed.“Honey, I am so sorry. Are these the flowers you picked for me ” I said. “I found them by the tree. I picked them for you. I knew you 8 like them, especially the blue ones,” she said.
I tearfully replied, “Sweetie, I'm really sorry for the way I 9 today. I shouldn't have shouted at you.”
“It's okay. I love you anyway,” she said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we 10 be polite to strangers, why can't we do the same for the ones we love
1.A.reply B.replies C.replied D.is replying
2.A.cook B.cooks C.cooked D.was cooking
3.A.move B.moving C.moves D.moved
4.A.weren't B.don't C.won't D.didn't
5.A.love B.loves C.loved D.will love
6.A.find B.finds C.will find D.found
7.A.see B.seen C.sees D.saw
8.A.did B.would C.could D.had
9.A.act B.acted C.am acting D.was acting
10.A.can B.could C.may D.might
题组6 短文填空
One day, a wise old man 1 (walk) in the yard when he saw his grandson having an argument with his wife. He asked his grandson, “Why do you raise your voice every time you argue with your wife ”
His grandson answered, “I 2 my voice so that my voice is heard.”
“Your wife is close enough for her to hear you when you say the same sentence in a calm manner. Why do you have to raise your voice ” the grandfather 3 .
“Perhaps because I need to let off some steam (发泄一些怒火) by raising my voice,” his grandson replied.
“The steam 4 (go) out in the same way if you whisper (小声说) to her. So why do that ”
“I've already 5 her what I think, but it seems that she doesn't understand my point of view,” the man said unwillingly (不情愿地).
“But you are hurting your wife's feeling while you are shouting at her,” the old man said angrily. “In fact, if you whisper softly, you can both hear each other clearly. So stop raising your voice when you talk to her.” His grandson nodded his head.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
题组7 语法选择
I live in a very old town which 1 by beautiful woods. It's a scenic spot.
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors are asked to keep the woods clean. Litter baskets 2 under the trees, but rubbish 3 everywhere by people as usual.
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad.
I found seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground 4 with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins...
Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, “All the rubbish 5 into the baskets. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods 6 .”
1.A.surround B.surrounds C.is surrounded D.will be surrounded
2.A.placed B.is placed C.was placed D.have been placed
3.A.throw B.is thrown C.threw D.are thrown
4.A.cover B.covered C.was covered D.was covering
5.A.must put B.must be put C.must be putted D.must putting
6.A.will be punished B.are punished C.punish D.punished
题组8 短文填空
There are ancient (古代的) stories that can remind us of the power of words. Yan Zi's Visit to the State of Chu is one of them.
Yan Zi was the ambassador (大使) of the State of Qi. Once, he went to visit the State of Chu. The king of Chu 1 (plan) to insult (侮辱) Yan Zi.
Yan Zi was short. The king ordered his soldiers to close the city gate but leave a hole for dogs open. Yan Zi 2 (ask) to enter through the hole. But Yan Zi was not angry. He said:“I 3 (ask) to enter through a hole for dogs only when I visit a dog state. Is Chu such a state ”
When the king of Chu heard this, he had to open the gate and welcome Yan Zi in. After the king met Yan Zi, he asked:“Aren't there any capable (能干的) men in Qi Why was a dwarf (侏儒) sent here ”
“Your Majesty (陛下), Qi is never short of capable men. But there is a rule in Qi:First-class ambassadors 4 (send) to first-class states, and lower-class ones to lower-class states. I am the most incapable man. That's why I am here,” Yan Zi answered.
The king was speechless. He could not look down on Yan Zi any more.
Yan Zi's story 5 us that a few words can safeguard(保卫) one's dignity(尊严). That's how powerful they are.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1动词时态、语态考点聚焦和精讲
【中考动词时态、语态和非谓语动词考点聚焦】
动词的基本形式；
动词的8种时态；
3、被动语态；
一 动词的基本形式
1.英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式和过去分词。如：speak-speaks-speaking-spoke-spoken
动词的五种基本形式变化表
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式，也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be, have, do, learn
第三人称单数形式 一般情况下在动词原形后加-s runs, likes
以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es teach-teaches, wash-washes go-goes, pass-passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study-studies, carry-carries
不规则变化 have-has, be-is
现在分词 一般情况下在动词后加-ing read-reading, cook-cooking
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing live-living, write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ing sit-sitting, begin-beginning
以ie结尾的动词把变ie为y，再加-ing die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
过去式和 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ed work-worked
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变i，再加-ed carry-carried, study-studied
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d live-lived,
以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母后，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned
英语动词的五种基本形式的用法：
1、动词原形
（1）以不定式to do 的形式表示目的。如：I want to go home.
（2）放在助动词do, does, did 的后面。如：He does finish the job.
（3）放在情态动词的后面。如：We can have a long holiday.
（4）用于一般现在时（除第三人称单数外）。如：I like playing the piano.
2、第三人称单数形式：用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。如：Tom often goes to school by bus.
3、现在分词：用于进行时态，包括现在进行时，过去进行时等。如：
The students are reading the books now. // When the storm was coming, I was sleeping.
4、过去式：用于一般过去时态，表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句。如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：
I was late yesterday. // They went to see a film two days ago. // The man smoked a lot in the past.
5、过去分词：用于被动语态和完成时。如：
A new bridge will be built next year. // He has told me the sports meet might be put off.
二 动词的8种时
英语中动词共有16种时态。初中阶段共出现了8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。中考重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种时态。
1、一般现在时
（1）谓语构成：是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be动词（am/is/are）”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。如果是be动词，则直接在be后加not。一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。如果是be动词，则把be动词放到句首。如：
He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast.
---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t)
（3）一般现在时的基本用法
① 经常、反复或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, now and then等。
② 表述客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句或者谚语等。
③ 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
④ 一些位移动词如：come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start, begin 等，在一般现在时态的句子中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。
⑤ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句、由if等引导的条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，一般现在时被用来表示将要发生的动作。
⑥ 在由here或there引导的倒装句中，用一般现在时替代现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的动作。如
1.He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
2.Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。
3.Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
4.The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
5.Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
6.She likes watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。
7.We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。
8.The train comes at 3 o’clock.
9.The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.
10.I will call you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到达那儿就打电话给你。
11.If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
12.There goes the bell. 响铃了。
13.Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
2、一般过去时
（1）谓语构成：是由“be动词的过去式（was, were）”或“行为动词的过去式”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在行为动词原形前加didn’t或在was/were后加not。一般疑问句借助did提问，同时把动词过去式改为原形。如果句子有was/were，则把was/were放到句首。如：
It wasn’t rainy yesterday. // ---- Was it rainy yesterday ---- Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t.)
He watched TV last night. // ---- Did he watched TV last night ---- Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t.)
（3）一般过去时的用法：
① 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…), two days (weeks, months, years…) ago, in 2008, just now, at that moment, once upon a time等，但是当上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。如：
I worked in that factory last year. // It was very cold yesterday. // I used to go fishing on Sundays.
② 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I played basketball every day when I was a boy.
③ 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。如：
My mother used to go to school on foot.
④ 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间。如：
He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning.
⑤ 有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时。如：
I was glad to get your letter.
3、一般将来时
（1）谓语构成：是由“be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be, will, shall后直接加not，shall not的缩写shan’t，will not的缩写won’t。一般疑问句是把be, will, shall放到句首。如：
I’m going to buy a computer this year.
I’m not going to buy a computer this year.
---- Are you buy a computer this year ---- Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
We shall go to the zoo.
We shan’t go to the zoo.
---- Shall we go to the zoo ---- Yes, we shall. (No, we shan’t.)
I will play basketball with you. // I won’t play basketball with you.
---- Will you play basketball with us ---- Yes, I will. (No, we won’t.)
（3）一般将来时的用法
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用“will＋动词原形”，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, some day, in the future,“in+一段时间”等。
②“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：I’m going to buy a computer this year. 我打算今年买台电脑。
1.They will leave for Beijing next week. 他们下周要去北京。
2.Mr. Wu will teach us English this term. 这学期吴老师将教我们英语。
3.Look at the black clouds! It’s going to rain. 看看这乌云！快下雨了。
【注意】当be going to后接go或come时，通常直接用现在进行时来表示。如：
Where is he going 他去那里？ // She’s coming right away. 她马上就来。
（4）以下几种情况只能用shall (will) 表示将来，而不能用be going to结构来表达。
will可用于所有人称；但shall作为will的一种替代形式，表示单纯将来时，一般用于主语为第一人称I和we时。以You and I, some of us, both of us, neither of us作主语时通常用will。Will和shall都可以缩写成-’ll。
① 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
② 用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。
③ 用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。
④ 表示意愿。如：We will help her if she asks me. 我们将帮助她如果她叫我们。
1.Shall we go to the zoo 我们去动物园好吗？
2.Will you play basketball with us 你会和我们一起去打篮球吗？
3.It will be stormy tomorrow. 明天将有暴风雨。
4.The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 明天早上太阳将在六点升起。
（5）will 与be going to的区别
1）表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will。
2）“be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。
I’ll be eighteen next week. 下周我将十八岁。
There is going to be an English film this evening. 今晚将会有一场英语电影。
（6）一般将来时的特殊表达形式
① be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
② be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快，即将发生的动作。如：They are about to leave.
③ 一些位移动词come, go, start, move, leave等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。
④ 在由when, before, after, as soon as, until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon.
We are to meet the guests at the station.
Chen Hui is coming tonight.
They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
We’ll start if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果天不下雨我们将开始。
I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给那本书给他。
4、现在进行时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(am/is/are)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(am/is/are)放到句首。如：They aren’t having an English class. // ---- Are they having an English class ---- Yes, they are. (No they aren’t.)
（3）现在进行时的用法
① 表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常见的时间状语有：now, at the moment或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen, be careful等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。
② 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。常用的时间状语为these days。
③ 一些位移动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有go, come, drive, fly, travel, arrive, leave, start, visit, run, return等。
④ 现在进行时和always, usually, all the time等连用时，表示一种经常、反复的动作，且说话人往往带有某种感彩（如赞扬、欣赏、厌烦、批评、惊讶、不理解等）。
1.---- What are you doing now ---- I am looking for my key.
2.Look. Some children are playing games over there.
3.I’m studying Japanese this month. 这个月我正在学日语。
4.Are you teaching English in a school 你在学校教英语吗？
5.He’s watching an interesting TV play these days. 近来，他在看一部很有趣的电视剧。
6.They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
7.He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
8.She’s always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。（表示赞赏
9. You are always talking in class. 你上课老是说话。（表示批评）
（4）不能用于进行时的动词
① 表示事实状态的动词：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等
② 表示心理状态、态度情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, like, hate等。
③ 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
④ 感官动词和系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
1.I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
2.This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
3.I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
4.He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
5.I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
6.You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
5、过去进行时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如：
He was not waiting for me at that time. // ---- Was he waiting for me at that time ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t)
（3）过去进行时的用法
① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。
③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如：
④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。
⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩。
1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。
2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。
3.What were you doing yesterday evening 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？
4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。
5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。
6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。
7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。
8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。
（4）过去进行时常见的时间状语
① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon
② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：
yesterday, last Sunday等。
1.I was reading a book at that time. 在那时我在看书。
2.I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。
3.At that time, we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。
（5）when和while的区别：
① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。
② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。
③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。
1.When were you born 你是什么时候出生的？
2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？
3.What was your mother doing when you came back 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？
4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。
（6）过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较
① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。
②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。
1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成)
2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完)
3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实)
6、现在完成时
（1）谓语构成：由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。
（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如：
He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.)
【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。
（3）现在完成时的用法
表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。
② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。
1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle.
2.They have already cleaned the classroom.
3.We have lived here since 1976.
4.They have waited for more than two hours.
（4）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
（5）瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如：
误：The old man has died for a few years.
正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago.
The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died.
A few years has passed since the old man died.
瞬间动词的变化：
瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years)
has come to… has been here since (1990)
(had) left… (had) been away from…
arrived… been in…
died been dead
begun been on
ended been over
bought... had…
borrowed… kept…
joined… been in …
（6）have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别：
have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。
1.I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。
2.---- Where is Tom ---- He has gone to the UK.（即现在不在这儿）
3.I have been in Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。
（7） 句型：
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。
How long may I keep the book (这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
7、过去将来时
（1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中，过去将来时的谓语部分由“助动词would\should+动词原形”构成。
（2）be going to+动词原形；be+动词不定式；be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时。（3）过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如come, go, start, move, leave等。
（4）在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
1.I knew you would agree. 我知道你将同意。
2.She was going to sell her old car and buy a new one. 她将卖她的旧车并且买一辆新车。
3.He told me he was leaving in an hour. 他告诉他说，他一小时后离开。
4.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
8、过去完成时
（1）过去完成时的用法
① 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，过去完成时的谓语部分“助动词had + 过去分词”构成。
② 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中，或者从句是before引导的主句中。
③ 用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
④ 动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
1.I remembered that I had read this book. 我记得我看过这本书了。
2.He had had lunch when I came to his house. 当我到他家时他已经吃过午饭了。
3.After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.
4.I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
5.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意倒装）
（2）过去完成时的时间状语
过去完成时时间状语有：by last week, by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语，也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：
The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.
They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.
三 被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。
1、各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
结 构 例 句
一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。
一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。
现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。
过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。
现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。
过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。
过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。
含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。
初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。
2、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou.
（2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children.
（3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone.
（4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan.
3、主动语态变被动语态的方法
记忆歌诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
主动句变为被动句所遵循的5个步骤：
（1）先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
（2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。
（3）把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。
（4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。
（5）其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如：They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
4、被动语态的几种特殊形式
（1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。
（2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。
1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang.
2.He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short.
3.They told him to help me. →He was told to help me.
4.We find English very useful. →English is found very useful.
5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen to fall off the tree.
6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.
【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。
对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.
（3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。
（4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。
1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)
2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语)
→I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语)
3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on.
5、主动结构表示被动意义
（1）feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。
（2）当主语为物时，动词sell, write, cut, open, lock, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示某物的性质、特征。
（3）不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break out, last, cost, spread 等。
（4）不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, good, impossible, heavy 等)之后，且与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：This question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。
（5）sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构)。
（6）be worth doing (值得做) 中的doing表示被动含义。
1.This kind of drink tastes strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。
2.Our teacher looks younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。
3.The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
4.An accident happened near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。
5.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。
6.Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。
7.The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。
6、不用被动语态的情况
（1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。
如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对）
The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对）
（2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：
My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误）
He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误）
（3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如：
The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。
不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误）
They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。
不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误）
7、被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
（1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如：
The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）
（2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如：
The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）
（3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。
（4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。
（5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。
题组1 动词的时态
一、填空题
1.While I was watching TV, the doorbell r .
答案 rang 由While I was watching TV可知事情发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,答案是rang。
2.Mike often (收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.
答案 collects 本题考查动词的时态。由and plays可知,此空为一般现在时,主语Mike为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3.The child (cry)over there. What's wrong with him
答案 is crying 此题考查动词的时态。根据第二句句意“他怎么了 ”可知,男孩应该正在那边哭,故填is crying。
4.Next year, they (make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.
答案 will make/are going to make 根据 Next year 可知是明年的计划,所以使用一般将来时。主语是they,故答案是will make/are going to make。
5.And then it just (grow) and makes the world a better place.
答案 grows 本题考查动词的时态。此处主语it为第三人称单数。由于and连接的前后两个动词为并列关系,根据makes可知时态为一般现在时,故填grows。
6.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.
答案 will come 本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时。
7.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he (land) in London by accident.
答案 landed 本题考查时态。根据 was discovered and picked up 可知事情发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,故填landed。
8.While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
答案 were eating 本题考查动词的时态。关键词While提示了设空处为进行时态,由went可知应该使用过去进行时。
9.Although I (上学,参加)a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!
答案 attended 句意:虽然我去年上了一门课,但我的西班牙语还是很糟糕!本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last year可知设空处应用一般过去时。
10.He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructions from the government now.
答案 are waiting 句意:他说许多夏令营现在正在等待政府的指令。本题考查动词的时态。结合句意及now可知,设空处应用现在进行时。
11.And we never (忘记)the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.
答案 forgot 句意:不过我们从没有忘记午餐和晚餐,那是我们一起在篝火上做的。本题考查动词的时态。made提示设空处用一般过去时。
12.We can see clearly that Mongolia (位于) between China and Russia on the map.
答案 lies 句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动词的时态。时态用一般现在时,Mongolia是第三人称单数,因此从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
13.After a long day, Tom l down on the bed and went to sleep.
答案 lay 句意:漫长的一天后,Tom在床上躺下,然后睡着了。本题考查动词时态。通过and和went可知,此处用一般过去时,lie(躺)的过去式是lay。
14.He (save)up about 300 dollars already.
答案 has saved 句意:他已经存了大约300美元。本题考查动词的时态。由already可知应用现在完成时。
15.When I told him running for president would be much work, he (promise)that he would help me.
答案 promised 句意:当我告诉他竞选主席需要大量的工作,他承诺说他会帮助我。根据从句中的told可知,主句用一般过去时。
题组2 被动语态
一、填空题
1.If we don't protect the environment well, we'll be (惩罚)sooner or later.
答案 punished 本题考查被动语态。此处表被动,应用过去分词。
2.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.
答案 are made 本题考查时态和语态。主语为复数;根据live可知,时态为一般现在时。be made of 由……制成,故填are made。
3.It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
答案 is/was invented 本题考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,主语It和动词invent之间为被动关系,即它被发明来供人们视频通话。
4.When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.
答案 was influenced 本题考查时态和语态。主句主语he和influence 是被动关系,故用被动语态。根据从句时态可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
5.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.
答案 was called 本题考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,他被叫进一所大房子,主语he和call之间为被动关系,谓语应用被动语态,时态为一般过去时,故填was called。
6.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be (影响)by social media(媒体).
答案 influenced 从句的主语happiness与influence之间是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。
7.Most programs will not (allow)to have more than 30 kids.
答案 be allowed 句意:大多数项目不被允许超过30个孩子。主语Most programs与allow之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用被动语态。
8.“Why Your bright sunny smile (love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.
答案 is loved 主语smile与love之间是被动关系,且根据语境可知设空处用一般现在时的被动语态。表被动的by也提示用被动语态。
9.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I (show) around the city.
答案 was shown 句意:我在这儿找到了一个很友好的导游,昨天他带我参观了这座城市。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。show sb. around领某人参观。
10.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was (invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
答案 invented 句意:例如,它提到了拉链是1893年由Whitcomb Judson发明的。设空处的提示词invent与其主语the zipper是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。
11.First of all, I think more bike lanes should (build).
答案 be built 句意:首先,我认为应该建设更多的自行车专用道。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。设空处的提示词build与从句的主语bike lanes是被动关系,且设空处前出现情态动词should,因此设空处填be built。
12.The read-a-thons are (举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.
答案 held 句意:举行阅读马拉松不仅仅是为了募集资金,而且也为了鼓励青少年阅读。本题考查被动语态。此处与句子主语是被动关系,且空前有are,故填held。
13.After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲)made by firemen, she (move)by the risks they face, so Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them.
答案 was moved 句意:在听到消防员所做出的那些牺牲之后,她被他们面对的危险感动了,因此Savannah为他们制作了200张感谢卡。本题考查被动语态。由空后的by可知用被动语态,由语境可知,说的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,故填was moved。be moved by为……所感动。
题组3 综合练习
一、填空题
1.Chinese people are so angry that they have (惩罚) some Western companies, including H&M and Nike, by refusing to buy their products since March, 2021.
答案 punished 本题考查动词和动词的时态。根据设空处提示词可知是punish,由have及since March,2021可知用现在完成时。故答案是punished。
2.The professor smiled and said, “Please describe what you see in the test paper.” The students tried hard as they (tell).
答案 were told 本题考查被动语态。根据语境可知学生是被告知要做什么,所以使用被动语态。根据smiled,said,tried hard可知是一般过去时,they为第三人称复数,因此答案是were told。
3.Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet environment should (offer) in all carriages.
答案 be offered 句意:一些人指出,所有车厢都应该提供这种安静的环境。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。由句意可知this kind of quiet environment是被提供的,故使用被动语态。又因为设空处前有情态动词should,其后用动词原形,因此答案是be offered。
4.As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo (use)in ancient people's daily lives.
答案 was used 句意:早在商代,竹子就被用于古人的日常生活。本题考查被动语态。根据句意可知bamboo和动词use之间是被动关系,且bamboo是不可数名词;根据As early as the Shang Dynasty可知时态是一般过去时。故答案是was used。
5.For the coming yard sale, we have d to each sell five things that we no longer use.
答案 decided 句意:在即将到来的庭院拍卖中,我们已经决定每人卖掉5件不再使用的东西。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可知设空处是动词decide,设空处前的have表明是现在完成时,故答案是decided。
6.By now, I think I (实现)my dream, coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.
答案 have achieved/realized 句意:到现在为止,我想我已经实现了我的梦想,来到了这里,看到了我的家人和我多年来结交的所有朋友。本题考查动词的时态。根据设空处提示词可知是动词achieve或realize,又由by now可知是现在完成时。故答案是have achieved/realized。
7.Their artistic effects cannot (复制)by any other pens.
答案 be copied 句意:它们所展现的艺术效果是其他任何笔都无法复制出的。本题考查被动语态和情态动词连用的情况。由设空处提示词可知是copy,根据句意可知Their artistic effects和copy之间是被动关系,且情态动词cannot后加动词原形,因此答案是be copied。
8.From now on, I want you (think) about the big picture more often.
答案 to think 句意:从现在开始,我希望你更多地考虑大局。本题考查动词不定式。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。故答案为to think。
9.Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when (book) their tickets online.
答案 booking 本题考查非谓语动词。这里book是动词,意为“预订(票)”;when doing sth.表示“当做某事时”,因此答案是booking。
10.When facing difficult situations, people are encouraged (hold) on by the effect of bamboo culture.
答案 to hold 本题考查不定式。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,此处为其被动形式。故答案是to hold。
Papermaking technology was improved day by day, and more and more kinds of paper were developed
(提供) different using choices.
答案 to offer 句意:造纸技术日益进步,研发出的纸张种类也越来越多,(为人们)提供不同的使用选择。本题考查不定式。根据句子结构可知此处表目的,因此使用不定式。故填to offer。
12.We (throw) tons of rubbish away in our daily life so far, and we have to make a change from now on.
答案 have thrown 句意:目前我们在日常生活中已经扔掉了大量的垃圾,从现在起我们不得不做出改变。本题考查动词时态。根据so far可知使用现在完成时。
13.Though 20 years old, the book is still r as the best work by people from all over the world.
答案 regarded 句意:这本书虽然有20年了,但仍然被来自全世界的人们视为最好的书。本题考查动词语态。regard sth. as...意为“把某物视为……”,因the book为主语,故使用被动语态,因此设空处填regarded。
14.Along the way, he (help) by some with food and by some with shelter(住所).
答案 was helped 句意:沿途,一些人给他提供了食物,一些人给他提供了住所。本题考查动词的语态和时态。空后出现了介词by,因此用被动语态。根据句意可判断是过去的事情,因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。
15.After e him, the doctor told him that there was nothing serious.
答案 examining 句意:给他检查后,医生告诉他不严重。本题考查非谓语动词。介词After后接动名词,因此设空处填examining。
16.Ann likes traveling to the seaside and she thinks l on the beach is really comfortable.
答案 lying 句意:Ann喜欢到海边旅行,她认为躺在沙滩上非常舒服。本题考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语作从句主语,lie的动名词形式为lying。
17.His body temperature keeps r . We need to send for a doctor at once.
答案 rising 句意:他的体温一直在上升。我们需要立刻去请医生。本题考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”,因此设空处填rising。
18.The man had no choice and was made (stay)on the bus till the bus reached its terminus.
答案 to stay 句意:这个人别无选择,被迫待在公交车上直到公交车到达终点站。本题考查动词不定式。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事;sb. be made to do sth.某人被迫做某事。
19.—We are now busy p for the Senior High School Entrance Examination.
—I see. Just take it easy.
答案 preparing 句意:——我们现在忙着准备中考。——我明白。别紧张。本题考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事。
20.I spent 24 hours a week (develop) my skills.
答案 developing 句意:我一周花费二十四个小时来提高我的技能。本题考查非谓语动词。spend+钱或时间+(in)doing sth.在做某事上花了多少钱或者时间。
题组4 选择题
1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about insects.
A．is working B．has worked C．was working D．will work
【答案】B
【详解】句意：史密斯先生在自然历史博物馆工作了10多年，所以他对昆虫很了解。
考查动词时态。根据“for more than 10 years”可知，“for+一段时间”要与现在完成时连用，结构是have/has done，故选B。
2．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.
A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我在二月份见过哈利，从那以后就再也没见过他。
考查动词时态。根据“since then”可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选C。
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Where’s your brother, Bob
— Look! He ________ the car in the yard.
A．is cleaning B．cleaned C．cleans D．will clean
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你哥哥在哪里，鲍勃？——看！他正在院子里清洗汽车。
考查动词时态。根据“Look!”可知哥哥正在洗汽车，应用现在进行时，故选A。
4．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—I called you last night, but nobody answered. What were you doing at this time yesterday
—Oh, sorry! I ________ the piano.
A．was playing B．played C．would play
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我昨晚打电话给你，但没人接。昨天这个时候你在做什么？——哦，对不起！我正在弹钢琴。
考查动词时态。根据“What were you doing at this time yesterday ”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时。故选A。
5．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
— Those photos must be your valuable memories.
A．have taken B．will take C．take D．were taking
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。——那些照片一定是你珍贵的回忆。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此处是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选A。
6．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Lucy, what are you doing
—I ________ a model ship.
A．make B．made C．am making D．was making
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在制作一个轮船模型。
考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing ”可知句子应用现在进行时来回答，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+现在分词。故选C。
7．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned
【答案】B
【详解】句意：神舟15号宇航员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。
考查时态。根据“on June 4, 2023”可知是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式returned。故选B。
8．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there.
A．have B．had C．will have D．have had
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你会玩得很开心的。
考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选C。
9．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他已经学习了很多东西。
考查现在完成时。根据“since he became interested in science”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选D。
10．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）—Lily, can you tell me ________ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A．what you will do B．what you did C．what will you do D．what did you do
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——莉莉，你能告诉我今年端午节你做了什么吗？——确定。我们吃了粽子，看了赛龙舟。
考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除CD；主现从不限，结合“We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.”可知，从句用一般过去时，排除A。故选B。
11．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate.
A．waits B．waited C．was waiting D．is waiting
【答案】C
【详解】句意：昨天下午4点，我爸爸在校门外等我。
考查过去进行时。根据“At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon”可知，强调过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。
12．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Could you please turn down the TV Your father _______ on his article.
A．was working B．worked C．is working D．works
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你能把电视的声音关小点吗？你父亲正在写他的文章。
考查时态。根据“Could you please turn down the TV ”可知现在正在写文章，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing。故选C。
13．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise!
A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come
【答案】C
【详解】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我没想到你会过来。多么惊喜啊！
考查动词时态。由“didn’t expect”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态。“来”的动作发生在将来，应为将来时，故空格处为过去将来时，结构是would do。故选C。
14．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）After this exam, you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy!
A．have B．have had C．had D．will have
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这次考试后，你下个月将有一个美好的假期。别紧张！
考查动词时态。根据“next month”可知，时态是一般将来时，结构是will do。故选D。
15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Nancy, where is your brother
—He ________ for the physical experiment (物理实验) exam in the laboratory.
A．prepares B．is preparing C．was preparing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——南希，你哥哥在哪里？——他正在实验室里准备物理实验考试。
考查动词时态。根据“where is your brother ”可知，哥哥正在实验室里准备物理实验考试，表示正在进行的动作用现在进行时，故选B。
考点2 动词的语态
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A．was taught B．were taught C．taught
【答案】B
【详解】句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。
考查被动语态。主语The students和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“just now”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。
2．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________
— Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money.
A．protect B．be protected C．are protected
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——为什么泰国的大象必须受到保护？——因为那里的人类为了赚钱而抓大象取象牙。
考查被动语态。elephants和protect之间是被动关系，此处用含情态动词的被动语态have to be done。故选B。
3．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo
—It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old.
A．took B．was taken C．is taken
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——照片里的小女孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。
考查被动语态。主语“The photo”与动词take之间是被动关系，结合“when I was five years old.”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选B。
4．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago.
A．was brought B．is brought C．brought
【答案】A
【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫大约三周前被带回北京。
考查被动语态。主语“Panda Ya Ya”与动词bring是被动关系，结合“three weeks ago”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day
— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你听说过联合国汉语日吗？——当然。如今，全世界越来越多的人说汉语。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知句子应用一般现在时，主语Chinese与谓语动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。
6．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：每年种植许多树木和鲜花，使我们的环境更加美丽。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“every year”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
7．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.
A．were used B．are using C．will be used
【答案】C
【详解】句意：现代技术将在2023年9月举行的第19届亚运会上使用。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“in September, 2023”可知，是将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
8．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）The boys ________ the exciting soccer game when the teacher came in.
A．talked about B．talk about C．were talking about D．will talk about
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当老师进来时，男孩们正在谈论那场激动人心的足球比赛。
考查动词时态。根据“when the teacher came in.”可知此处是含有when的过去进行时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去式，故选C。
9．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
A．was held B．will hold C．will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“from September 23 to October 8, 2023.”可知，句子时态用一般将来时，且主语“The 19th Asian Games”和谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be+动词的过去分词。故选C。
10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。
题组5 语法选择
I knocked into a stranger as he walked by me.“Oh, excuse me,” I said.He 1 with a smile and said, “Please excuse me too. I wasn't watching out for you.” We apologized and left.
Later that day, when I 2 , my daughter was standing too close to me. When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. “You should 3 out of the way!” I shouted. She walked away sadly. But I 4 feel that I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husband said to me, “While dealing with a stranger, you were polite, but with the one you 5 , you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this afternoon. You 6 them in the kitchen by the door. Have you 7 the tears in her eyes ”
I quietly went and knelt down by my daughter's bed.“Honey, I am so sorry. Are these the flowers you picked for me ” I said. “I found them by the tree. I picked them for you. I knew you 8 like them, especially the blue ones,” she said.
I tearfully replied, “Sweetie, I'm really sorry for the way I 9 today. I shouldn't have shouted at you.”
“It's okay. I love you anyway,” she said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we 10 be polite to strangers, why can't we do the same for the ones we love
1.A.reply B.replies C.replied D.is replying
2.A.cook B.cooks C.cooked D.was cooking
3.A.move B.moving C.moves D.moved
4.A.weren't B.don't C.won't D.didn't
5.A.love B.loves C.loved D.will love
6.A.find B.finds C.will find D.found
7.A.see B.seen C.sees D.saw
8.A.did B.would C.could D.had
9.A.act B.acted C.am acting D.was acting
10.A.can B.could C.may D.might
文章讲述作者路上撞到陌生人时,尚能够做到诚恳道歉,但差点撞倒女儿时自己却表现得十分不友好。后来在丈夫的提醒下作者意识到了自己的错误并向女儿道歉,得到了女儿的谅解。
1.C 根据前文中的said可知,此处应用一般过去时态,故选C。
2.D 根据语境可知,事情发生在那天的晚些时候,在作者做饭的过程中,应用过去进行时。故选D。
3.A should后应用动词原形,故选A。
4.D 根据后面的had可知,此处应用一般过去时,故选D。
5.A 在本句中,you love是定语从句,修饰先行词the one。此处丈夫所说的话是对平时事实的描述,应用一般现在时。故选A。
6.C 丈夫告诉作者时,作者还没有发现,所以用一般将来时态。故选C。
7.B 本句是丈夫问作者是否已经看到了女儿的眼泪,故用现在完成时态。故选B。
8.B 此处表示“你会喜欢它们”原本应该用you will like them,但因为主句I knew用的是一般过去时,因此这里应该把will变成would, 故选B。
9.B 由上下文可知,此处是作者为自己之前的行为感到抱歉,故选B。
10.A 根据下文的why can't we...可知,选A。此处can表能够。
题组6 短文填空
One day, a wise old man 1 (walk) in the yard when he saw his grandson having an argument with his wife. He asked his grandson, “Why do you raise your voice every time you argue with your wife ”
His grandson answered, “I 2 my voice so that my voice is heard.”
“Your wife is close enough for her to hear you when you say the same sentence in a calm manner. Why do you have to raise your voice ” the grandfather 3 .
“Perhaps because I need to let off some steam (发泄一些怒火) by raising my voice,” his grandson replied.
“The steam 4 (go) out in the same way if you whisper (小声说) to her. So why do that ”
“I've already 5 her what I think, but it seems that she doesn't understand my point of view,” the man said unwillingly (不情愿地).
“But you are hurting your wife's feeling while you are shouting at her,” the old man said angrily. “In fact, if you whisper softly, you can both hear each other clearly. So stop raising your voice when you talk to her.” His grandson nodded his head.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
本文讲述一位老人看到自己的孙子每次和妻子说话都会提高嗓门,于是对他进行了教育,希望孙子对自己所爱的人要温柔些。
1.was walking 根据语境可知,孙子和妻子在争吵时老人正在散步,又因本文为故事题材,故此处用过去进行时。
2.raise 本句引用孙子说的原话,是孙子一贯的行为,故用一般现在时。此处表示“提高嗓门”,且上文已出现raise,故此空应填raise。
3.asked 本文属于故事题材,时态应用过去时。根据上文“Why do you have to raise your voice ”可知,爷爷是在质问孙子,且上文第一次发问时已出现asked,故此空应填asked。
4.will go 在本句中,if引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时。故答案应填will go。
5.told 根据I've already可知,本句时态为现在完成时。根据语境可知,孙子说他已经告诉他妻子自己的想法了。这里不能用said,spoken或talked,因为这三个词都不可以直接跟人称代词做宾语。
题组7 语法选择
I live in a very old town which 1 by beautiful woods. It's a scenic spot.
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors are asked to keep the woods clean. Litter baskets 2 under the trees, but rubbish 3 everywhere by people as usual.
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad.
I found seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground 4 with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins...
Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, “All the rubbish 5 into the baskets. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods 6 .”
1.A.surround B.surrounds C.is surrounded D.will be surrounded
2.A.placed B.is placed C.was placed D.have been placed
3.A.throw B.is thrown C.threw D.are thrown
4.A.cover B.covered C.was covered D.was covering
5.A.must put B.must be put C.must be putted D.must putting
6.A.will be punished B.are punished C.punish D.punished
文章讲述了作者居住的小镇周围的森林被垃圾污染的现状。
1.C 本题考查动词。根据live可知,此处应用一般现在时,be surrounded by 被……围绕。故选C。
2.D 本题考查动词。此处表示“垃圾篮已经被放置在树下了,但是垃圾还是被人们随地乱扔”。在本句中,并未明确说明Litter baskets是什么时候被放置在树下,只强调结果,所以本句的时态应用现在完成时。主语Litter baskets和place之间为被动关系,故选D。
3.B 本题考查动词。本句是描述人们乱丢垃圾的现象,应用一般现在时,rubbish是不可数名词,且rubbish 和throw之间是被动关系,故选B。
4.C 本题考查动词。根据并列连词and前面的时态可知,本句应用一般过去时;the ground 和cover之间存在被动关系,be covered with 被覆盖着……,故选C。
5.B 本题考查动词。此处表示“所有的垃圾都必须放进篮子里”。the rubbish 和put 之间存在被动关系。含有情态动词的被动语态结构是:can/may/must/should be+done。故选B。
6.A 本题考查动词。标语牌起警示作用,违反了将会被处罚,所以本句应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
题组8 短文填空
There are ancient (古代的) stories that can remind us of the power of words. Yan Zi's Visit to the State of Chu is one of them.
Yan Zi was the ambassador (大使) of the State of Qi. Once, he went to visit the State of Chu. The king of Chu 1 (plan) to insult (侮辱) Yan Zi.
Yan Zi was short. The king ordered his soldiers to close the city gate but leave a hole for dogs open. Yan Zi 2 (ask) to enter through the hole. But Yan Zi was not angry. He said:“I 3 (ask) to enter through a hole for dogs only when I visit a dog state. Is Chu such a state ”
When the king of Chu heard this, he had to open the gate and welcome Yan Zi in. After the king met Yan Zi, he asked:“Aren't there any capable (能干的) men in Qi Why was a dwarf (侏儒) sent here ”
“Your Majesty (陛下), Qi is never short of capable men. But there is a rule in Qi:First-class ambassadors 4 (send) to first-class states, and lower-class ones to lower-class states. I am the most incapable man. That's why I am here,” Yan Zi answered.
The king was speechless. He could not look down on Yan Zi any more.
Yan Zi's story 5 us that a few words can safeguard(保卫) one's dignity(尊严). That's how powerful they are.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
本文讲述的是中国的一个经典故事《晏子使楚》。
1.planned 本题考查动词。因为此处是在讲述过去发生的《晏子使楚》的故事,所以时态用一般过去时,故填planned。
2.was asked 本题考查动词。根据上文可知,国王下了命令,要求晏子从狗洞进城。所以在本句中,Yan Zi和ask之间是被动关系,又因为此处同第一题应用一般过去时,故填was asked。
3.will be asked 本题考查动词。根据上文可知,晏子被要求从狗洞进去,所以此处仍然用被动语态。又因本句直接引用晏子当时说的话,所以时态应根据当时的情景来判断。在本句中,根据“主将从现”原则,主句应该用一般将来时,故应填will be asked。
4.are sent 本题考查动词。在本句中,主语First-class ambassadors和send之间存在被动关系,且内容是关于齐国的规则,所以此空应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are sent。
5.shows/tells 本题考查动词。这个故事向我们显示/告诉我们语言是有力量的,它能捍卫我们的尊严。所以此空动词应用show或tell。此处是在讲一个道理,所以要用一般现在时,主句主语为第三人称单数,故答案应填shows或tells。
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