主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦和精讲
【中考主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦】
主谓一致（包括：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻（就）近一致原则）；
2、倒装句。
一 主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻（就）近一致原则。
1、语法一致的原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
（1）主语是以下情况时，谓语动词用单数形式：不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等。
1.Coffee is more popular in western countries. 咖啡在西方国家更流行。
2.The girl under the tree is my friend. 在树下的女孩是我的朋友。
3.He goes to school early every morning. 他每天早上上学早
4.To work hard is necessary for a student. 对于学生来说努力学习是必要的。
5.Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
6.What he said is not true. 他说的话是不对的。
【注意】what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式，但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
What he left me are some old books. 他留给我的是一些旧书。
（2）主语是可数名词复数、复数代词，谓语动词用复数形式。
1.Some boys are playing in the park. 一些男孩在公园里玩。
2.They have been swimming for 2 hours. 他们已经游泳两个小时了。
（3）由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
1.Both he and I are right. 我和他都是对的。
2.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 布莱克先生和布莱克夫人有一个儿子叫汤姆。
（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由no, each, every, more than a (an/one), many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
2.Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
3.More than one student is interested in the book. 不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
4.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
5.No boy and no girl likes it. 没有男孩和没有女孩喜欢它。
（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, no less than, more than, rather than, including等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
1.Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
2.Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
3.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. 除了吉姆和迈克没有人在操场上。
4.The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。
5.Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. 格林先生和她妻子和孩子已经来到了中国。
（6）“some/the rest/all/most of the＋名词”等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
1.The rest of the money was given to him. 剩下的钱都给了他。
2.Some of the summer camps are in the countryside or on the lake. 其中一些夏令营扎在乡村或湖上。
3.All of the meat smells terrible. 所有的肉闻起来很糟糕。
4.All of the boys were late for school this morning. 今天早上所有的男孩都上学迟到了。
（7）“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of)+名词”和“百分数或分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词；若是不可数名词则用谓语动词单数形式；若是可数名词复数，则用谓语动词复数形式。
1.A lot of people are dancing outside. 许多人正在外面跳舞。
2.Three fourth of the workers in this factory are women. 这个工厂的四分之三的工人是妇女。
3.One third of the bread is eaten by the mouse. 这个面包的三分之一是被老鼠吃的。
（8）“one of+名词/代词复数”，表示“……之一”，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.One of them is not a student. 他们中的一个人不是学生。
2.One of my pen pals is from Sydney. 我的笔友中有一位来自悉尼。
（9）“both of +名词/代词复数”， 表示“……两者都”谓语动词用复数形式。
1.Both of my parents are teachers. 我父母两人都是老师。
2.Both of them are from America. 他们两人都来自美国。
（10）不定代词each, every, some, any, no, much, little, a little, either, neither, another, the other, a great deal of等作主语或修饰主语时和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词（somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.Each of us has a new book. 我们中的每一个人有一本新书。
2.Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
3.Is everyone here today 今天大家到齐了吗？
4.Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
5.Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
6.Everything around us is matter. 在我们周围的一切都是物质。
（11）由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, gloves, chopsticks, scissors, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。若这类词前用了pair等词修饰，则谓语动词的单复数形式由pair的单复数形式决定。
1.My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。
2.Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. 你的裤子脏了，你最好换它们。
3.The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 在床下的那双鞋是他的。
4.Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
（12）不定代词none 以及由“none/either/neither+of+复数名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不……”或“两个中的任何一个都不……”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不……”或“两个中的全部都不……”时，谓语动词用复数。
1.None is so good as he. (强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
2.None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
3.None of them have / has a car. 他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
4.Neither of them know / knows the answer. 他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
5.Neither of the article is / are interesting. 其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
6.Neither of them have / has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
【注意】若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词只能用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
1.None of the sugar was left. 没有剩下什么糖了。
2.None of us has / have been to America.我们中没有一个人曾经去过美国。
（13）“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1.A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
2.The number of students in our school is 1200. 我们学校的学生人数是1200名。
（14）在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作定语从句主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
1.The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John. 拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
2.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
3，Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here. 要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
（15）字母、符号或某个单词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1. means D×D.表示D×D。
2.“Theirs” is a possessive pronoun.“Theirs”是个物主代词。
3.A is the first letter of the English alphabet. A是英语字母表中的第一个字母。
2、意义一致的原则
意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
（1）由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（and后没有定冠词）则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。(老师和朋友指同一个人)
2.The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
（2）一些形复意单的词，如：mathematics (maths), politics, physics, news, works, means等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
2.I think physics isn’t easy to study. 我认为物理不容易学。
3.Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
4.Politics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，政治是一门难学的科目。
（3）某些单复同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, species(种类), -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等。
1.There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
2.One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
3.We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. 我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。
4.A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow. 明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
（4）如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family（家人/庭)，committee（委员会)，population（人口)，audience（观众)，class（班级)，club（俱乐部)，company(公司)，crowd（人群)，government（政府)，group（团队)，team（队伍)，staff（员工)，crew（全体船员，全体乘务员），public（公众，民众），party（政党），union（联盟，工会），couple（夫妇）等。
1.The public are/is requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
2.The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早。
3.Our family is a happy one. 我们有个幸福的家庭。
4.Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
5.Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
【注意】population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
1.One third of the population now smoke. 三分之一的人口在吸烟。
2.Most of the population of the city are workers. 这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
3.The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中国的人口有13.6亿，70%的是农民。
（5）表示总称意义形单意复的集合名词，如people, police, cattle (牛，牲口)，folk(人们)，youth (年轻人)，militia (民兵)等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。
1.People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
2.The police are looking for the lost child. 警察在寻找那个丢失的小孩。
3.Cattle are one cause of the problem. 造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
【注意】形单意复的名词有些变复数形式后意义不同。如peoples多个民族；youths男青年；folks亲友。
（6）表示“时间，距离，金钱，重量，数目，长度”等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
1.Twenty miles is a long distance. 20英里是一段很长的距离。
2.Thirty pounds isn’t so heavy. 30英镑并不太重。
3.Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
4.Forty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书40美元太贵了。
（7）“the＋形容词或分词”(the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave)作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1.The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人高兴，但是富人悲伤。
2.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
3.The Greens are Americans. 格林一家是美国人。
（8）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它本身的含义。
1.Who teaches you English 谁教你们英语
2.Who have gone there 谁都已经去那儿了
3.Which is your room 哪一间是你的房子
4.Which are your rooms 哪几间是你的房子
5.Which is your bag 哪个是你的包？
6.Which are your bags 哪些是你的包
（9）当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，片名，格言，剧名，报纸，杂志，节日及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
2.Zhangjiajie is really a good place. 张家界的确是个好地方。
3.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本有趣的故事书。
4.The New York Times is reading all over the United States. 《纽约时报》的阅读都是美国人。
5.True Lies was directed by a world-famous director. 《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
（10）表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
1.One and a half hours is / are enough. 一个半小时足够了。
2.One and a half apples is / are left on the table. 一个半苹果放在桌子上。
（11）数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但在四则运算中，加法和乘法的谓语动词用单数和复数都可以，但减法和除法必须用单数形式。
1.Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
2.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 56除以8等于7。
3.Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
4.Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
5.Thirteen plus seven is/are twenty. 十三加七等于二十。
（12）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
1.The baker’s is on the side of the street. 理发店在街道的另一边。
2.My uncle’s is not very far from here. 我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
3、就近一致的原则
指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
（1）由or, either…or…, whether ... or ..., neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
1.Either my wife or I am going. 要么我妻子去要么我去。
2.Not the students but I was wrong. 不是学生错了，而是我错了。
3.Neither she nor you have a dictionary. 她没有字典，你也没有。
4.Not only John but also his parents are coming. 不仅约翰，而且他的父母也都来了。
5.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. 你、我、任何人都不知道答案。
（2）there/here be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
1.Here is the book you want．这就是你要的书。
2.Here are the boys I am looking for. 这些就是我正在寻找的男孩。
3.There is a book and three pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和三支钢笔。
4.There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 在房间里有两张椅子和一张书桌。
二 倒装句
英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的，一般主语在前，谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为全部/完全倒装（如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前，这种语序称为完全倒装。）和部分倒装（如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前，这种语序称为部分倒装。）。
1、So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述肯定情况相同，句子属于部分倒装。
【注意】如果对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，用“So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”。前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。
1.Peter is a worker, so is Jack. 彼特是一个工人，杰克也是。
2.---- Jack likes rice for lunch. 杰克午饭喜欢吃米饭。 ----So do I. 我也是。
3.---- Daming likes English. 大明喜欢英语。---- So he does. 的确如此。
4.---- Jack likes rice for lunch. 杰克午饭喜欢吃米饭。---- So he does. 他确实喜欢。
2、Neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述否定情况相同，句子属于部分倒装。
Tom isn’t a doctor, neither am I. 汤姆不是一个医生，我也不是。
---- Peter has never been to Japan. 彼得从未去过日本。---- Neither have I. 我也没有去过。
3、否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little, not等置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
Hardly could he believe his own eyes. 他几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。
4、“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
【注意】only后接状语从句时，从句的语序不能倒装。
1.Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用这种方法，你才能学好英语。
2.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back home. 直到1918年战争结束，他才重返家乡。
5、在以here, there, out, in, down, up, away等表示方式的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。因此谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
1.There goes the bell. 铃响了。
2.Here is a flower. 这儿有一朵花。
【注意】如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Here you are. 给你。// Away he went. 他走了。
6、表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。
In front of the school is the hospital. 学校的前面就是医院。
【注意】介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。
7、以表示时间的副词now, then引导的句子，谓语动词是come, begin, end, follow, be等时，句子要完全倒装。
Then came the workers. 接着来的是工人。
【注意】如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Then he went. 接着他走了。
8、There be句型（完全倒装句）
（1）定义：There be 结构主要用以表达“某时(某地)有某人(某物)”。
（2）结构：“There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某时”。
there是引导词，没有词义，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”是句子的主语，主语在be的后面；“某地或某时”作句子的状语，多是介词短语。如：
There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。
引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词短语(某地)
（3）“There be”句型的主谓一致
① there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。
1.There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
2.There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些书。
②当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时，be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。
1.There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和两本书。
2.There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一枝钢笔。
3.There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。
③ 另外，在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语置于句首。
1.In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
2.Under the tree there are two boys and a girl. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
（4）There be句型与have的区别与联系：
① 区别点：there be表示“某地/时有某人/物”，强调客观存在，不表示所属关系；have(has, had)表示“（某人）拥有某物”，强调所属关系。
There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
② 相同点：在表示结构上的“含有”、“包括”、“存在”的含义时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have(has) 来表示。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There are many long rivers in China.=China has many long rivers. 中国有许多长河。
（5）There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
① 否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not或no构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some一般要变成any。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren’t any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn’t a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
② 一般疑问句及其答语：
把be提到there前，首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are；否定答语为No, there isn’t / aren’t。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面的句子是如何“改头换面”的。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water
---- Are there two cats in the tree ---- Yes, there are. (No, there aren’t.)
---- Is there a flower in the bottle ---- Yes, there is. (No, there isn’t.)
③ 特殊疑问句及其回答：
A. 提问there be句型的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)，当主语是人时，用“Who’s+介词短语 ”；当主语是物时，用“What’s+介词短语 ”。
【注意】无论主语是单数还是复数都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room
There are some birds in the tree. →What’s in the tree // There are many things over there. →What’s over there
B. 提问there be句型后面的地点状语时，用“where is/are+主语 ”
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children
There is a car in the street. →Where is the car // There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer
C. 提问名词(主语)前的数量时，一般有两种句型结构：
▲How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ 如：
There are five bananas in the box →How many bananas are there in the box
▲How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？如：
There is some milk in the bottle. →How much milk is there in the bottle
④ There be 句型的反意疑问句：反意疑问句的附加部分应用there。
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there 杯子里有桔汁，是吗？
There are no letters in the mailbox, are there 邮筒里没有信件，是吗？
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there 附近要建一家新医院，是吗？
（6）There be 句型的时态：There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。
There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
题组1
1. —Why are you late, Jim
—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。由后面的“when I came here.”可以确定主句用一般过去时态；there be句子的主语是traffic为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题答案为C。
2.. He _______ his classmates.
A. get along well with B. get well with C. is getting along well with D. is get well with
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。本题用排除法先排除不合适的选项。句子主语是he，后面的动词如果是一般现在时态要用第三人称单数，先排除A、B两项；D项中is和get不能这样写在一起也排除，故答案为C。
3. In order to eat safely, I think we make some food by ourselves instead of buying some.
A. used to B. prefer to C. had better D. are supposed to
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辩词。句意为：为了吃的安全，我想我们最好不要买而是自己做食品。used to“习惯于”；prefer to“更喜欢”；had better“最好”；are supposed to“应该”，结合句意选择C。
4. There a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go
A. is B. are C. will be D. will have
【答案】C
【解析】考查there be结构。由时间状语this weekend和which one would you like to go 可知，句子要用一般将来时态；这是个there be结构的句型，故选C。
5. Each of the club members ready to help those who were in trouble.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。“each of+名词”作主语谓语动词用单数；后面句子who were in trouble中谓语用一般过去时态，前面空格上也要用一般过去时，故本题答案为C。
6. David, there _______ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
A. is B. are C. have
【答案】A
【解析】考查there be结构。There be 结构通常用就近原则。因最近的主语是a dictionary，因此谓语动词用is。
7.. Lady Gaga is famous________ her beautiful voice.
A. as B. with C. for
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语搭配。be famous for为固定短语，意为“以……出名”。
8. Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor children.
A. was B. were C. are
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓搭配。句子中some money作主语且为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数。故选A。
9.. A woman with two children ______ along the street at the moment.
A. is walking B. are walking C. walk D. walks
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句子的主语是a woman，谓语动词用单数，结合at the moment“此刻”，句子要用现在进行时，故选A。
10. Yao Ming is famous______ playing basketball,
A, to B. as C. for D. between
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语搭配。be famous for为固定短语，意为“以……出名”。
11. —Your sweater looks very nice. What’s it made__________
—Wool, and it’s made__________ Guiyang.
A. from, on B. of, in C. of, on D. from, in
【答案】D
【解析】短语的固定搭配。be made of后接的名词看得出原材料；be made from后接的名词经过化学反应，看不出原材料；be made in后产地。因此选择D答案。
12.. Judy with her brother _______ computer games when her mother came back.
A. were playing B. are playing C. was playing D. is playing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。表示过去的某个时间段或时间点正在发生动作，用过去进行时，只能选A或C；谓语动词要与介词with前的主语保持一致，故选C答案。
13. I have great_____ in learning math and I am so worried.
A. trouble B. interest C. fun
【答案】A
【解析】考查词义辨析。根据“I am so worried.我很担心”可知，前面是“遇到麻烦”。A意为“麻烦”；B意为“兴趣”；C意为“快乐”，故选A。
14. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father _____ to go to Shanghai.
A. want B. will want C. wants
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为：李磊想和他妈妈一起去上海。句子主语是Li Lei，谓语用单数形式，结合句意，空格上映用一般现在时，故选C。
15. In our hospital, the number of women doctors ________ larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. be D. been
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，故选A。
16. — Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
【答案】D
【解析】。Both Li Lei and Han Meimei作主语，谓语动词使用使用复数形式，排除A、C；根据答语可知时态为一般现在时，故选D。
17.________something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours
A. It is B. It was C. There is D. There was
【答案】C
【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意为“我的自行车有些毛病。”时态为一般现在时，排除D，故选C。
18. Between the two hills _____a deep river.
A. are B. have C. has D. is
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据句意：在两座小山之间有一条深深的河。根据a deep river, 可知，谓语动词用单数。相当于There is a deep river between the two hills.
20. There _____many students on the playground at the moment.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。many students,故there be句型用复数；根据“at the moment”，意为“此刻,目前”，相当于now,故选B。
21. —Mum, I’m hungry. _______ no milk in the fridge.
—Oh, I’ll go and buy some at once.
A. There is B. It is C. There are
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为“冰箱里没有牛奶。”milk是不可数名词，be应该使用单数形式，故选A。
22. －A number of volunteers willing to teach in China’s rural areas.
－Yes, the number is getting .
A. is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and bigger
C. is; more and more D. are more and more
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和形容词比较级的用法。a number of…作主语，谓语动词使用复数形式，排除A、C；第二空表示“数字在变得越来越大”，故选B。
23.. Look! _____ some juice in the glass.
A．There is B．There are C．There have D．There has
【答案】A
【解析】考查there be句型的用法。some juice作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，排除B；C、D结构错。
24. —Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office. Can you help to find the girls
—No problem. They will be here______.
A. mothers are; in a moment B. mother is; at the moment
C. mothers are; right away D. mother is; in a moment
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。Jenny and Jane's表示“两个人是同一个妈妈”，谓语动词使用单数形式，排除A、C；in a moment的意思是“稍后”，符合交际情景，故选D。
25. -- How soon can you finish this job
-- Two days enough for me to finish the work. I need a week.
A. isn't B. aren't C. is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。Two days作主语，谓语动词使用单数，排除B；时态为一般现在时，故选A。
26.______that pair of ______a little cheaper
A.Is; glass B.Are; glass C.Is; glasses D.Are; glasses
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。表示“眼镜”使用glasses，排除A、B; that pair of作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，故选C。
题组2
1.Tom watched TV last night.So did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
2.Mary didn’t watch TV last night.Neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
3.Lucy is a good student.So is Lily.露西是好学生,莉莉也是好学生。
4.—Tom passed the driving test.——汤姆通过驾驶考试了。
—So did he.——他也通过了。(“他”指的是另外一位男士而不指汤姆)
5.—Tom passed the driving test.——汤姆通过驾驶考试了。
—So he did.——他确实通过了。(“他”指的就是汤姆)
题组3语法选择
After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 1 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 2 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.
Gardens
There 3 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 4 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.
Flight terminal
The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 5 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 6 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 7 600 meters. It only 8 eight minutes to walk between the two.
Parking lot
The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 9 used. After drivers 10 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.
1.A.is open B.are open C.was open D.were open
2.A.is B.are C.was D.were
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.is B.are C.was D.were
5.A.have B.has C.will have D.had
6.A.is B.are C.was D.were
7.A.is B.are C.was D.were
8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends
9.A.is B.are C.was D.were
10.A.park B.parks C.will park D.parked
文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场。
1.C 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由本句的时间状语on Sept. 25, 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时;再根据句子的主语the Beijing Daxing International Airport可知谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.A 本题考查主谓一致。Five years为一段时间,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。
3.B 本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。此处是介绍大兴机场的一些客观事实,故用一般现在时;在there be结构中,be动词的单复数由其后所跟的名词的单复数决定。故根据空后的five gardens可知选B。
4.A 本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。本句为倒装句,主语为the Chinese garden,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,时态为一般现在时,故选A。
5.B 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语The building是单数概念且根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时。故选B。
6.A 本题考查主谓一致。本句的主语是The number of...,表示“……的数量”,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。
7.A 本题考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是The distance,为单数形式,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。
8.B 本题考查动词辨析和主谓一致。It takes some time to do sth.做某事花费多长时间。故选B。
9.A 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是A robot-operated parking system,且时态为一般现在时。故选A。
10.A 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处时态为一般现在时,且主语drivers是名词复数。故选A。
1主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦和精讲
【中考主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦】
主谓一致（包括：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻（就）近一致原则）；
2、倒装句。
一 主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻（就）近一致原则。
1、语法一致的原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
（1）主语是以下情况时，谓语动词用单数形式：不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等。
1.Coffee more popular in western countries. 咖啡在西方国家更流行。
2.The girl under the tree my friend. 在树下的女孩是我的朋友。
3.He to school early every morning. 他每天早上上学早
4.To work hard necessary for a student. 对于学生来说努力学习是必要的。
5.Doing eye exercises good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
6.What he said not true. 他说的话是不对的。
【注意】what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式，但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
What he left me are some old books. 他留给我的是一些旧书。
（2）主语是可数名词复数、复数代词，谓语动词用复数形式。
1.Some boys playing in the park. 一些男孩在公园里玩。
2.They been swimming for 2 hours. 他们已经游泳两个小时了。
（3）由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
1.Both he and I right. 我和他都是对的。
2.Mr Black and Mrs Black a son called Tom. 布莱克先生和布莱克夫人有一个儿子叫汤姆。
（4）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由no, each, every, more than a (an/one), many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.Every man and every woman at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
2.Each boy and each girl got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
3.More than one student interested in the book. 不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
4.Many a student been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
5.No boy and no girl it. 没有男孩和没有女孩喜欢它。
（5）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, no less than, more than, rather than, including等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
1.Mike with his father been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
2.Mike, like his brother, playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
3.Nobody but Jim and Mike on the playground. 除了吉姆和迈克没有人在操场上。
4.The students as well as the teacher present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。
5.Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, come to China. 格林先生和她妻子和孩子已经来到了中国。
（6）“some/the rest/all/most of the＋名词”等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
1.The rest of the money given to him. 剩下的钱都给了他。
2.Some of the summer camps in the countryside or on the lake. 其中一些夏令营扎在乡村或湖上。
3.All of the meat terrible. 所有的肉闻起来很糟糕。
4.All of the boys late for school this morning. 今天早上所有的男孩都上学迟到了。
（7）“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of)+名词”和“百分数或分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词；若是不可数名词则用谓语动词单数形式；若是可数名词复数，则用谓语动词复数形式。
1.A lot of people dancing outside. 许多人正在外面跳舞。
2.Three fourth of the workers in this factory women. 这个工厂的四分之三的工人是妇女。
3.One third of the bread eaten by the mouse. 这个面包的三分之一是被老鼠吃的。
（8）“one of+名词/代词复数”，表示“……之一”，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.One of them not a student. 他们中的一个人不是学生。
2.One of my pen pals from Sydney. 我的笔友中有一位来自悉尼。
（9）“both of +名词/代词复数”， 表示“……两者都”谓语动词用复数形式。
1.Both of my parents teachers. 我父母两人都是老师。
2.Both of them from America. 他们两人都来自美国。
（10）不定代词each, every, some, any, no, much, little, a little, either, neither, another, the other, a great deal of等作主语或修饰主语时和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词（somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.Each of us a new book. 我们中的每一个人有一本新书。
2.Neither answer correct. 两个答案都不正确。
3. everyone here today 今天大家到齐了吗？
4.Something wrong with him. 他有毛病。
5.Nobody in. 没有人在家。
6.Everything around us matter. 在我们周围的一切都是物质。
（11）由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, gloves, chopsticks, scissors, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。若这类词前用了pair等词修饰，则谓语动词的单复数形式由pair的单复数形式决定。
1.My glasses broken. 我的眼镜坏了。
2.Your trousers dirty. You’d better change them. 你的裤子脏了，你最好换它们。
3.The pair of shoes under the bed his. 在床下的那双鞋是他的。
4.Two pairs of socks enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
（12）不定代词none 以及由“none/either/neither+of+复数名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不……”或“两个中的任何一个都不……”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不……”或“两个中的全部都不……”时，谓语动词用复数。
1.None so good as he. (强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
2.None when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
3.None of them a car. 他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
4.Neither of them the answer. 他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
5.Neither of the article interesting. 其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
6.Neither of them replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
【注意】若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词只能用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
1.None of the sugar left. 没有剩下什么糖了。
2.None of us to America.我们中没有一个人曾经去过美国。
（13）“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1.A number of students in this class from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
2.The number of students in our school 1200. 我们学校的学生人数是1200名。
（14）在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作定语从句主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
1.The horse which tied to the tree belongs to John. 拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
2.Some of the energy that used by man comes from the sun. 被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
3，Those who to go on a journey please sign your name here. 要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
（15）字母、符号或某个单词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1. means D×D.表示D×D。
2.“Theirs” a possessive pronoun.“Theirs”是个物主代词。
3.A the first letter of the English alphabet. A是英语字母表中的第一个字母。
2、意义一致的原则
意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
（1）由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（and后没有定冠词）则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.Their teacher and friend Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。(老师和朋友指同一个人)
2.The writer and teacher coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
（2）一些形复意单的词，如：mathematics (maths), politics, physics, news, works, means等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
1.News travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
2.I think physics easy to study. 我认为物理不容易学。
3.Maths very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
4.Politics a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，政治是一门难学的科目。
（3）某些单复同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, species(种类), -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等。
1.There many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
2.One day this white sheep lost. 有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
3.We Chinese realizing the four modernizations. 我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。
4.A Japanese coming to visit our school tomorrow. 明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
（4）如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family（家人/庭)，committee（委员会)，population（人口)，audience（观众)，class（班级)，club（俱乐部)，company(公司)，crowd（人群)，government（政府)，group（团队)，team（队伍)，staff（员工)，crew（全体船员，全体乘务员），public（公众，民众），party（政党），union（联盟，工会），couple（夫妇）等。
1.The public requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
2.The family early risers. 这家人都起得早。
3.Our family a happy one. 我们有个幸福的家庭。
4.Our class playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
5.Our class better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
【注意】population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
1.One third of the population now . 三分之一的人口在吸烟。
2.Most of the population of the city workers. 这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
3.The population of China 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中国的人口有13.6亿，70%的是农民。
（5）表示总称意义形单意复的集合名词，如people, police, cattle (牛，牲口)，folk(人们)，youth (年轻人)，militia (民兵)等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。
1.People here very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
2.The police looking for the lost child. 警察在寻找那个丢失的小孩。
3.Cattle one cause of the problem. 造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
【注意】形单意复的名词有些变复数形式后意义不同。如peoples多个民族；youths男青年；folks亲友。
（6）表示“时间，距离，金钱，重量，数目，长度”等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
1.Twenty miles a long distance. 20英里是一段很长的距离。
2.Thirty pounds so heavy. 30英镑并不太重。
3.Two months a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
4.Forty dollars too expensive for the book. 这本书40美元太贵了。
（7）“the＋形容词或分词”(the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the dead, the sick, the brave)作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1.The poor very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人高兴，但是富人悲伤。
2.The beautiful forever. 美是永存的。
3.The Greens Americans. 格林一家是美国人。
（8）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它本身的含义。
1.Who you English 谁教你们英语
2.Who gone there 谁都已经去那儿了
3.Which your room 哪一间是你的房子
4.Which your rooms 哪几间是你的房子
5.Which your bag 哪个是你的包？
6.Which your bags 哪些是你的包
（9）当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，片名，格言，剧名，报纸，杂志，节日及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.The United States in North America. 美国在北美洲。
2.Zhangjiajie really a good place. 张家界的确是个好地方。
3.“The Arabian Nights” an interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本有趣的故事书。
4.The New York Times reading all over the United States. 《纽约时报》的阅读都是美国人。
5.True Lies directed by a world-famous director. 《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
（10）表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
1.One and a half hours enough. 一个半小时足够了。
2.One and a half apples left on the table. 一个半苹果放在桌子上。
（11）数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但在四则运算中，加法和乘法的谓语动词用单数和复数都可以，但减法和除法必须用单数形式。
1.Ten a round number. 十是个整数。
2.Fifty-six divided by eight seven. 56除以8等于7。
3.Five minus four one. 5减4等于1。
4.Ten times five fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
5.Thirteen plus seven twenty. 十三加七等于二十。
（12）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
1.The baker’s on the side of the street. 理发店在街道的另一边。
2.My uncle’s not very far from here. 我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
3、就近一致的原则
指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
（1）由or, either…or…, whether ... or ..., neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
1.Either my wife or I going. 要么我妻子去要么我去。
2.Not the students but I wrong. 不是学生错了，而是我错了。
3.Neither she nor you a dictionary. 她没有字典，你也没有。
4.Not only John but also his parents coming. 不仅约翰，而且他的父母也都来了。
5.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else the answer. 你、我、任何人都不知道答案。
（2）there/here be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
1.Here the book you want．这就是你要的书。
2.Here the boys I am looking for. 这些就是我正在寻找的男孩。
3.There a book and three pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和三支钢笔。
4.There two chairs and a desk in the room. 在房间里有两张椅子和一张书桌。
二 倒装句
英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的，一般主语在前，谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为全部/完全倒装（如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前，这种语序称为完全倒装。）和部分倒装（如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前，这种语序称为部分倒装。）。
1、So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述肯定情况相同，句子属于部分倒装。
【注意】如果对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，用“So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”。前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。
1.Peter is a worker, Jack. 彼特是一个工人，杰克也是。
2.---- Jack likes rice for lunch. 杰克午饭喜欢吃米饭。 ---- I. 我也是。
3.---- Daming likes English. 大明喜欢英语。---- . 的确如此。
4.---- Jack likes rice for lunch. 杰克午饭喜欢吃米饭。---- . 他确实喜欢。
2、Neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示与上文中所述否定情况相同，句子属于部分倒装。
Tom isn’t a doctor, . 汤姆不是一个医生，我也不是。
---- Peter has never been to Japan. 彼得从未去过日本。---- . 我也没有去过。
3、否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little, not等置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
Hardly he believe his own eyes. 他几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。
4、“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
【注意】only后接状语从句时，从句的语序不能倒装。
1.Only in this way you learn English well. 只有用这种方法，你才能学好英语。
2.Only when the war over in 1918 was he able to get back home. 直到1918年战争结束，他才重返家乡。
5、在以here, there, out, in, down, up, away等表示方式的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。因此谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
1.There the bell. 铃响了。
2.Here a flower. 这儿有一朵花。
【注意】如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Here you are. 给你。// Away he went. 他走了。
6、表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。
In front of the school the hospital. 学校的前面就是医院。
【注意】介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。
7、以表示时间的副词now, then引导的句子，谓语动词是come, begin, end, follow, be等时，句子要完全倒装。
Then the workers. 接着来的是工人。
【注意】如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Then he went. 接着他走了。
8、There be句型（完全倒装句）
（1）定义：There be 结构主要用以表达“某时(某地)有某人(某物)”。
（2）结构：“There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某时”。
there是引导词，没有词义，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”是句子的主语，主语在be的后面；“某地或某时”作句子的状语，多是介词短语。如：
There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。
引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词短语(某地)
（3）“There be”句型的主谓一致
① there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。
1.There a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
2.There some books on the desk. 桌子上有些书。
②当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时，be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。
1.There a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和两本书。
2.There two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一枝钢笔。
3.There a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。
③ 另外，在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语置于句首。
1.In the tree there five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
2.Under the tree there two boys and a girl. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
（4）There be句型与have的区别与联系：
① 区别点：there be表示“某地/时有某人/物”，强调客观存在，不表示所属关系；have(has, had)表示“（某人）拥有某物”，强调所属关系。
There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
② 相同点：在表示结构上的“含有”、“包括”、“存在”的含义时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have(has) 来表示。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There are many long rivers in China.=China has many long rivers. 中国有许多长河。
（5）There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
① 否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not或no构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some一般要变成any。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren’t any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn’t a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
② 一般疑问句及其答语：
把be提到there前，首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are；否定答语为No, there isn’t / aren’t。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面的句子是如何“改头换面”的。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water
---- Are there two cats in the tree ---- Yes, there are. (No, there aren’t.)
---- Is there a flower in the bottle ---- Yes, there is. (No, there isn’t.)
③ 特殊疑问句及其回答：
A. 提问there be句型的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)，当主语是人时，用“Who’s+介词短语 ”；当主语是物时，用“What’s+介词短语 ”。
【注意】无论主语是单数还是复数都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room
There are some birds in the tree. →What’s in the tree // There are many things over there. →What’s over there
B. 提问there be句型后面的地点状语时，用“where is/are+主语 ”
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children
There is a car in the street. →Where is the car // There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer
C. 提问名词(主语)前的数量时，一般有两种句型结构：
▲How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ 如：
There are five bananas in the box →How many bananas are there in the box
▲How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？如：
There is some milk in the bottle. →How much milk is there in the bottle
④ There be 句型的反意疑问句：反意疑问句的附加部分应用there。
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there 杯子里有桔汁，是吗？
There are no letters in the mailbox, are there 邮筒里没有信件，是吗？
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there 附近要建一家新医院，是吗？
（6）There be 句型的时态：There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。
There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
题组1
1. —Why are you late, Jim
—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2.. He _______ his classmates.
A. get along well with B. get well with C. is getting along well with D. is get well with
3. In order to eat safely, I think we make some food by ourselves instead of buying some.
A. used to B. prefer to C. had better D. are supposed to
4. There a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go
A. is B. are C. will be D. will have
5. Each of the club members ready to help those who were in trouble.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. David, there _______ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
A. is B. are C. have
7.. Lady Gaga is famous________ her beautiful voice.
A. as B. with C. for
8. Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor children.
A. was B. were C. are
9.. A woman with two children ______ along the street at the moment.
A. is walking B. are walking C. walk D. walks
10. Yao Ming is famous______ playing basketball,
A, to B. as C. for D. between
11. —Your sweater looks very nice. What’s it made__________
—Wool, and it’s made__________ Guiyang.
A. from, on B. of, in C. of, on D. from, in
12.. Judy with her brother _______ computer games when her mother came back.
A. were playing B. are playing C. was playing D. is playing
13. I have great_____ in learning math and I am so worried.
A. trouble B. interest C. fun
14. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father _____ to go to Shanghai.
A. want B. will want C. wants
15. In our hospital, the number of women doctors ________ larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. be D. been
16. — Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
17.________something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours
A. It is B. It was C. There is D. There was
18. Between the two hills _____a deep river.
A. are B. have C. has D. is
20. There _____many students on the playground at the moment.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
21. —Mum, I’m hungry. _______ no milk in the fridge.
—Oh, I’ll go and buy some at once.
A. There is B. It is C. There are
22. －A number of volunteers willing to teach in China’s rural areas.
－Yes, the number is getting .
A. is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and bigger
C. is; more and more D. are more and more
23.. Look! _____ some juice in the glass.
A．There is B．There are C．There have D．There has
24. —Jenny and Jane's _____ coming to my office. Can you help to find the girls
—No problem. They will be here______.
A. mothers are; in a moment B. mother is; at the moment
C. mothers are; right away D. mother is; in a moment
25. -- How soon can you finish this job
-- Two days enough for me to finish the work. I need a week.
A. isn't B. aren't C. is
26.______that pair of ______a little cheaper
A.Is; glass B.Are; glass C.Is; glasses D.Are; glasses
题组2
1.Tom watched TV last night. .汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
2.Mary didn’t watch TV last night. .玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
3.Lucy is a good student. .露西是好学生,莉莉也是好学生。
4.—Tom passed the driving test.——汤姆通过驾驶考试了。
— .——他也通过了。(“他”指的是另外一位男士而不指汤姆)
5.—Tom passed the driving test.——汤姆通过驾驶考试了。
— .——他确实通过了。(“他”指的就是汤姆)
题组3语法选择
After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 1 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 2 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.
Gardens
There 3 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 4 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.
Flight terminal
The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 5 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 6 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 7 600 meters. It only 8 eight minutes to walk between the two.
Parking lot
The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 9 used. After drivers 10 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.
1.A.is open B.are open C.was open D.were open
2.A.is B.are C.was D.were
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.is B.are C.was D.were
5.A.have B.has C.will have D.had
6.A.is B.are C.was D.were
7.A.is B.are C.was D.were
8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends
9.A.is B.are C.was D.were
10.A.park B.parks C.will park D.parked
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