2024年新高考英语二轮复习专题17 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情 技法 真题 模拟）（含 解析 ）

2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题17阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版
【近年高考考情】
题型一：数据推断题
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
题型二：意图推断题
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
题型三：态度推断题
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
题型五：推断出处题
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
题型七：活动评价题
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
【实用解题妙招】
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2.字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3.深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1.曲解文意
推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解
2.张冠李戴
题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点：题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3.偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相以的型结构和单司，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单司，造成句子意思的改变。
4.无中生有
这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生话常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5.鱼目混珠
这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类式题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。
6.扩缩范围。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
题型一：数据推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，弄清来龙去脉，进行加减乘数基本运算
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
22.数据推断题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
23.细节理解题。根据“ Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
题型二：意图推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
28. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
题型三：态度推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用
第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Approving.
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。dismissive a.不屑一顾的；轻蔑的；approving a. 支持的；赞成的。
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
题型四：预测下段题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
题型五：推断出处题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
Late Work
…
21. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
21. C。推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
…
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
35.推理判断题。本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
题型六：文体推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
24. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity
A. It is closely linked to the steam age. B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history. D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
25. What can be inferred about Ned
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
26. What is the text
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
◆本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
24. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
25. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故事开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
题型七：活动评价题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的
B. Predictable. 可预测的
C. Short-lived. 短暂的
D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的
26.推理判断题。本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
27.推理判断题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023新高考II卷C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
28.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
29.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
31.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
2.（2022新高考I卷C篇）
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】28 D29. B30. C31. A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
28. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
29. B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
31. A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩 刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
3.（2022全国甲卷D篇）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
32-35 DDAA
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段的第一句 ... being young and old at the same time has its attractions. 可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中 Anthony 的观点 ... a foundation built on ancient cultures with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 和最后一段 He is right ... 可知，Anthony 认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。
4.（2021全国甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
21. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
22. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【答案】21-23 BAC
【导读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
21. B。细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.”（Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。
22. A。细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。
23. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
5.（2021全国乙卷A篇）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
【答案】32-35 ACDD
【导读】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
32. A。细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。
34. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。
35. D。推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。
【高考真题再练】
（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）The books written and published in the 1920s remain on the “best ever” lists. Here are 4 books that everyone should read.
The Great Gatsby
The themes in the novel reflect the sudden change in the character of America itself, and in some ways it’s among the first major modern novels produced in this country. The novel also makes a new and powerful concept clear at the time: The American Dream, the idea that self-made men and women could make themselves into anything in this country.
A Farewell to Arms
The story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers’ control, and a central theme is the pointless struggle of life — that we spend so much energy and time on things that finally don’t matter. Hemingway masterfully combines a realistic description of war with some abstract literary techniques, which is one reason why this book endures as a classic.
Ulysses
When people make lists of the most difficult novels, Ulysses is almost certainly on them. The one thing almost everyone knows about Ulysses is that it employs “stream of consciousness”, a literary technique that seeks to show the inner monologue of a person. James Joyce wasn’t the first writer to use this technique, but he was the first writer to attempt it on the scale as he did.
Mrs. Dalloway
It takes place on a single day in the life of the main character, and it employs a dense and tricky stream-of-consciousness technique, roaming (漫游) around to other characters and point of view. Mrs. Dalloway is concerned with using these techniques to make the characters clear and definite. The use of stream of consciousness is deliberately disorienting in the way it skips through time.
1. Which book shows us the truth of daily life conflicts
A. Ulysses. B. Mrs. Dalloway.
C. The Great Gatsby. D. A Farewell to Arms.
2. What do Ulysses and Mrs. Dalloway have in common
A. They share the same literary technique.
B. They show a new and powerful concept.
C. They describe the daily life of the character.
D. They are on the list of the most difficult novels.
3. Where can the text be found
A. In a biography. B. In a history book.
C. In a travel brochure. D. In a literature magazine.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了依旧经典的四本20世纪20年代出版的书：《了不起的盖茨比》《永别了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《达洛威夫人》，分别从小说主题、文学技巧和创新等角度进行了分析。
1. 细节理解题。根据A Farewell to Arms部分中“The story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers’ control, and a central theme is the pointless struggle of life — that we spend so much energy and time on things that finally don’t matter. (故事讲述的是一段爱情被恋人无法控制的事件打断和纠缠，中心主题是生活中毫无意义的挣扎——我们在那些最终无关紧要的事情上花费了如此多的精力和时间)”可知，该书探讨了生活中冲突的真相，即我们在那些最终无关紧要的事情上花费了过多精力和时间。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据Ulysses部分中“The one thing almost everyone knows about Ulysses is that it employs “stream of consciousness”, a literary technique that seeks to show the inner monologue of a person. (关于《尤利西斯》，几乎每个人都知道的一件事是，它采用了“意识流”，这是一种文学技巧，旨在表现一个人的内心独白)”以及Mrs. Dalloway部分中“It takes place on a single day in the life of the main character, and it employs a dense and tricky stream-of-consciousness technique, roaming (漫游) around to other characters and point of view. (它发生在主角一生中的某一天，它采用了一种密集而微妙的意识流技巧，漫游到其他人物和视角)”可是，这两本书的共通之处在于是使用相同的文学技巧——意识流写作手法。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了依旧经典的四本20世纪20年代出版的书：《了不起的盖茨比》《永别了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《达洛威夫人》，分别从小说主题、文学技巧和创新等角度进行了分析，并建议读者去阅读。故推断文章出自于一本文学杂志。故选D。
（2023上·新疆·高二校联考期中）In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island.
Upon arrival, a local offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me. He led me through the jungle and I was immersed in the exploration. One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way gingerly when suddenly, a Rafflesia (大王花) appeared into my view among those stones. More than delighted, I bent down and put my nose practically to feel the flower’s special flavour.
As I was approaching the end of my trip, there was another thing highlighting my trip. We happened to encounter the king of the crocodile (鳄鱼), a saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a length of 6 meters. It was getting dark. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds emerged in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the mud. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy eyes just above the water line. Cautiously, we approached it and finally could figure out it was a baby crocodile. Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back.
Though I have settled back into the routine of everyday life now, the experience stays long after the physical journey ended. I have learned to face life’s challenges with a renewed outlook. Despite the rat race of daily existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. The world out there is so fascinating.
4. Why did the author go to Borneo
A. To connect better with his work.
B. To relieve himself of the pressures.
C. To keep an appointment with a local guide.
D. To reward himself for his promotion in job.
5. What does the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Patiently. B. Roughly. C. Cautiously. D. Rapidly.
6. What is the tone of the author when recalling the saltwater crocodile he met
A. Critical. B. Instructive. C. Regretful. D. Humorous.
7. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A. Keep a balance between life and work.
B. Battle with challenges from life and work.
C. Research your destinations ahead of time.
D. Learn more about travel safety knowledge.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。为了缓解工作上的压力，作者来到了加里曼丹岛旅行，并从旅行中得到感悟。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island. (在最近快节奏的生活中，工作的要求和压力让我感到身心压力。我决定暂时中断工作，暂时休息一下。作为一名自然爱好者，我毫不拖延地来到了世界第三大岛婆罗洲。)”可知，工作的压力让我感到身心俱疲，于是，作者决定放下工作，好好休息一下，所以作者来到了婆罗洲。故选B。
5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. (一天，导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。)”可知，这个导游没有走平坦的小路，而是带作者横穿崎岖的山坡。于是，作者小心翼翼地走着。根据语境可知，gingerly意为“谨慎地”。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back. (虽然很惊慌，但我可以骄傲地大张旗鼓地说，我在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼，并活了下来。)”可知，作者可以骄傲地吹牛说自己在野外遇到过饥饿的鳄鱼，而且还活了下来。这是一种诙谐的语气。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the rat race of daily existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. (抛开日常生活的激烈竞争，试着抽出时间去欣赏令人惊叹的大自然之美，与他人建立真诚的联系。) ”可知，人们尽管每天都要忙于奔波，但还是要尽量抽出时间来发现大自然的美，在生活和工作之间保持平衡。故选A。
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）Kew Gardens is not only a popular tourist destination in London, but also a botanic garden and a research center that has the largest collection of living plants at a single site. So, let’s explore the Royal Botanic Gardens with CGTN’s reporter Robyn Dwyer.
Palm House
The first stop is the Palm House, a giant indoor rainforest with a wide range of plants. Visitors can enjoy these exotic plants while researchers can study the secrets of these flora. Eatable plants such as cocoa tree and African oil palm are all preserved here to keep the diversity of food resources. At the same time, it houses many medical use plants, including some that are used to treat cancer.
Temperate House
Known as the world’s largest Victorian glasshouse, the Temperate House is home to1,500 species of plants from temperate regions of the world. Some of the species kept here have gone extinct in the wild, such as Encephalartos woodii, a cycad from South Africa. And some are already extinct like Saint Helena olive, but the Kew has stored its DNA.
Mediterranean Garden
In the Mediterranean Garden, one can see plants from the Southern Europe, such as rosemary, olives and cork oak. Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe (氛围) of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants.
On International Day for Biological Diversity this year, join CGTN to travel around the world’s national parks and reserves across seven continents. Our next program is to visit penguins and seals in the Antarctic Ice Aquarium Norway. Please stay tuned!
8. What do the three stops have in common
A. They store plants for medical use.
B. They have plants of economic value.
C. They house plants of seven continents.
D. They own plants for scientific research.
9. Which one suits a visitor preferring outdoor sites
A. Palm House. B. Temperate House.
C. Antarctic Ice Aquarium. D. Mediterranean Garden.
10. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A botanic dictionary. B. A TV travel series.
C. A trip advertisement. D. A biodiversity essay.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦Kew Gardens的具体情况。
8. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Visitors can enjoy these exotic plants while researchers can study the secrets of these flora. (游客可以欣赏这些外来植物，而研究人员可以研究这些植物群的秘密)”可知，研究人员可以在棕榈屋进行研究。由文章第三段中“Some of the species kept here have gone extinct in the wild, such as Encephalartos woodii, a cycad from South Africa. And some are already extinct like Saint Helena olive, but the Kew has stored its DNA. (这里的一些物种已经在野外灭绝了，比如来自南非的一种苏铁。有些已经灭绝了，比如圣赫勒拿岛橄榄，但邱园保存了它的DNA)”可知，这些植物珍贵，可供研究。推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe (氛围) of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants. (走在花园里，人们可以感受到地中海的非室内氛围，并了解这些植物的经济和科学用途)”可知，这些植物的经济和科学用途可被研究。由此推知，这三站的共同点是拥有用于科学研究的植物。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe (氛围) of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants. (走在花园里，人们可以感受到地中海的非室内氛围，并了解这些植物的经济和科学用途)”可知，Mediterranean Garden适合喜欢户外场地的游客。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Kew Gardens is not only a popular tourist destination in London, but also a botanic garden and a research center that has the largest collection of living plants at a single site. So, let’s explore the Royal Botanic Gardens with CGTN’s reporter Robyn Dwyer. (邱园不仅是伦敦一个受欢迎的旅游目的地，也是一个植物园和一个研究中心，在单一地点拥有最大的活植物收藏。所以，让我们和CGTN的记者罗宾·德怀尔一起探索皇家植物园)”可知，这篇文章很可能取自一部由CGTN的记者罗宾·德怀尔主持的旅游电视连续剧。故选B。
（2023上·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）A Color Run at School
What Is a Color Run
The event is usually a five-kilometer untimed run. Participants are doused(浇涂上)from head to toe in a different colored powder at each kilometer mark. This activity inspired by the Hindu festival of Holi is perfect for promoting community and happiness.
A color run is a fun event perfect for schools. It is a way to promote health and activity among children. Schools can choose whether they want to host a color run by themselves or have one organized by an event organizer.
Why Should I Take Part in a Color Run
Taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health. It’s a great way to burn calories and get out. You will also be able to meet new people.
How to Set Up a School Color Run
To set up a school Color Run, you will first need to decide what time you want it to start. Then, you will need to contact the principal at your school. They will then tell you if there is enough space available at the named location. You will need to inform the class teachers and include information in the student handbook. Next, you should contact the parents/guardians of the students at the school through a mailed letter or email. With everything listed above completed, you will have your event organized and ready to go!
11. What do we know about a Color Run
A. It sees runners covered from head to toe. B. It used to be a part of Holi.
C. It’s designed for schools only D. It sets no time limit.
12. What benefit may kids get from a school color run
A. Better physical health. B. Prize money from the race.
C. Friendship with the principal. D. T-shirts with a rainbow pattern.
13. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advertise. B. To inform. C. To entertain. D. To criticize.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了彩色赛跑这一运动的规则、好处以及学校如何建立彩色赛跑。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The event is usually a five-kilometer untimed run.(这个项目通常是五公里的不计时赛跑)”可知，彩色赛跑没有时间限制。故选D。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health.(参加彩色赛跑将帮助你改善你的整体身体健康)”可知，孩子们可以从学校的颜色跑中让身体更健康。故选A。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The event is usually a five-kilometer untimed run. Participants are doused(浇涂上)from head to toe in a different colored powder at each kilometer mark. This activity inspired by the Hindu festival of Holi is perfect for promoting community and happiness.(这个项目通常是五公里的不计时赛跑。在每一公里处，参与者从头到脚都被浸在不同颜色的粉末中。这项活动受到印度胡里节的启发，是促进社区和幸福的完美活动)”结合文章主要介绍了彩色赛跑这一运动的规则、好处以及学校如何建立彩色赛跑。可推知，文章的目的是介绍彩色赛跑。故选B。
（2022·重庆·统考二模）Growing up in the South Central neighborhood of Los Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstone only remembers riding a horse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years old.
But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense of freedom and power he felt on the horse that day. “I felt like I could conquer anything,” Featherstone, now 51, said in a Story Corps interview last month with Jordan Humphreys, a 13-year-old horseback rider. After serving in the Army for eight years, Featherstone remained determined to realize his childhood dream of becoming a cowboy.
When he returned to Los Angeles, he learned to ride at stables known as “The Hill” in Compton. Riders there would jump on their horse backs and take their horses into the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned down The Hill. What had become a shelter for the youth was suddenly gone. Sensing the void (空缺) after the fire, Featherstone opened his own stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 to create a space where he could teach kids like Humphreys to care for and ride horses.
As a black man, Featherstone is against prejudice. People of color are often prevented from pop culture and historical representations of the cowboy. His stable has helped keep the cowboy lifestyle alive in the streets. “Riding through the streets on horseback has given me a way to connect with others in the community,” said Humphreys. “It makes them happy seeing us on a horse and then they may be smiling, and I believe that when we come through, we give them a sense of hope,” he added.
If there’s one lesson Featherstone hopes to convey to kids, it’s a respect for all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each other,” he said.
14. What made Featherstone want to become a cowboy
A. His love to his parents. B. The duty of saving the world.
C. The serving years in the army. D. His childhood riding experience.
15. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A. The life of being a cowboy.
B. The dream of being a cowboy.
C. The course of opening Urban Saddles.
D. The place of teaching kids like Humphreys.
16. Which can be one of the purposes of Fetherstone’s opening his own stables
A. To teach the black kids to ride horses.
B. To help the kids to learn to respect all life.
C. To make money by teaching the kids to ride.
D. To train the cowboys to become more hopeful.
17. Which of the following words may best describe Fetherstone
A. Smart but careless. B. Slow but productive.
C. Diligent and broad-minded. D. Determined and kind-hearted.
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了费瑟斯通(Ghuan Featherstone)开马厩的过程，并且通过骑马想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing up in the South Central neighborhood of Los Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstone only remembers riding a horse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years old.(费瑟斯通(Ghuan Featherstone)上世纪70年代在洛杉矶中南部社区长大，他只记得8岁时和父母一起在附近的公园骑马)”以及文章第二段“But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense of freedom and power he felt on the horse that day.(但从那以后，他一直在追寻那天骑马时感受到的自由和力量)”以及“After serving in the Army for eight years, Featherstone remained determined to realize his childhood dream of becoming a cowboy.(在军队服役8年后，费瑟斯通决心实现他儿时的梦想——成为一名牛仔)”可知，童年的骑马经历让费瑟斯通想成为一名牛仔。故选D。
15. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“When he returned to Los Angeles, he learned to ride at stables known as “The Hill” in Compton. Riders there would jump on their horse backs and take their horses into the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned down The Hill. What had become a shelter for the youth was suddenly gone. Sensing the void (空缺) after the fire, Featherstone opened his own stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 to create a space where he could teach kids like Humphreys to care for and ride horses. (回到洛杉矶后，他在康普顿被称为“山”的马厩里学会了骑马。那里的骑手会跳上马背，骑着马进入城市的街道。2012年，一场大火烧毁了“山”。曾经是年轻人庇护所的地方突然消失了。费瑟斯通感觉到了火灾后的空虚，在2019年开设了自己的马厩“城市马鞍”，创造了一个空间，在这里他可以教像汉弗莱斯这样的孩子照顾和骑马)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Urban Saddles开设的过程。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If there’s one lesson Featherstone hopes to convey to kids, it’s a respect for all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each other,” he said.(如果费瑟斯通想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。“我们尊重动物，也尊重彼此，”他说)”可推知，费瑟斯通开马厩的真正目的是帮助孩子们学会尊重所有生命。故选B。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“After serving in the Army for eight years, Featherstone remained determined to realize his childhood dream of becoming a cowboy.(在军队服役8年后，费瑟斯通决心实现他儿时的梦想——成为一名牛仔)”可推知，他是一个有决心的人；根据文章最后一段If there’s one lesson Featherstone hopes to convey to kids, it’s a respect for all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each other,” he said.(如果费瑟斯通想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。“我们尊重动物，也尊重彼此，”他说)”可推知，他是一个心胸宽广的人。故选D。
（2023上·山东泰安·高三统考期中）Anyanna Philipps is no ordinary teacher. She’s an admired kindergarten educator for whom teaching is a mission. She believes that self-respect and strong relationships are the real building blocks of educational development and the path to self-actualization in life. And Philipps, known as Cool Miss P, continues to win hearts on social media, as well as in the classroom, with millions of views on TikTok and Instagram.
Philipps, from Georgia, in the US, is on a mission to put self-respect into the little ones she works with. She has hung a mirror on her classroom door so the children can practice daily “mirror affirmations (肯定)” as she enthusiastically encourages them to “be the best that you can be”.
Since she was young, Philipps was told by people around her that her love for children would make her a great teacher one day. She was also inspired by several of her own teachers. Then a serious accident last year made her feel grateful for living and encouraged her to bring joy into her classroom. She tries to make sure that her students are happy by putting her heart into developing the teacher-student relationship.
Philipps shares one of her Instagram posts: “I am sticking to my purpose. I am a teacher, working to impact, inspire, and elevate all of these precious little lives. For young kids, positive affirmations can help make them feel capable of doing more ‘big kid’ things. They can also help increase kids’ self-respect and make them more resilient (有承受力) to bullying and other negative lif2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题17阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版
【近年高考考情】
题型一：数据推断题
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
题型二：意图推断题
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
题型三：态度推断题
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
题型五：推断出处题
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
题型七：活动评价题
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
【实用解题妙招】
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2.字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3.深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1.曲解文意
推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解
2.张冠李戴
题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点：题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3.偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相以的型结构和单司，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单司，造成句子意思的改变。
4.无中生有
这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生话常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5.鱼目混珠
这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类式题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。
6.扩缩范围。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
题型一：数据推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，弄清来龙去脉，进行加减乘数基本运算
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
题型二：意图推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
28. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
题型三：态度推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用
第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Approving.
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
题型四：预测下段题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
31. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
题型五：推断出处题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
Late Work
…
21. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
…
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
题型六：文体推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
24. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity
A. It is closely linked to the steam age. B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history. D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
25. What can be inferred about Ned
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
26. What is the text
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
题型七：活动评价题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的
B. Predictable. 可预测的
C. Short-lived. 短暂的
D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023新高考II卷C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
2.（2022新高考I卷C篇）
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
3.（2022全国甲卷D篇）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
4.（2021全国甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
21. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
22. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
5.（2021全国乙卷A篇）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
【名校好题强化】
（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）The books written and published in the 1920s remain on the “best ever” lists. Here are 4 books that everyone should read.
The Great Gatsby
The themes in the novel reflect the sudden change in the character of America itself, and in some ways it’s among the first major modern novels produced in this country. The novel also makes a new and powerful concept clear at the time: The American Dream, the idea that self-made men and women could make themselves into anything in this country.
A Farewell to Arms
The story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers’ control, and a central theme is the pointless struggle of life — that we spend so much energy and time on things that finally don’t matter. Hemingway masterfully combines a realistic description of war with some abstract literary techniques, which is one reason why this book endures as a classic.
Ulysses
When people make lists of the most difficult novels, Ulysses is almost certainly on them. The one thing almost everyone knows about Ulysses is that it employs “stream of consciousness”, a literary technique that seeks to show the inner monologue of a person. James Joyce wasn’t the first writer to use this technique, but he was the first writer to attempt it on the scale as he did.
Mrs. Dalloway
It takes place on a single day in the life of the main character, and it employs a dense and tricky stream-of-consciousness technique, roaming (漫游) around to other characters and point of view. Mrs. Dalloway is concerned with using these techniques to make the characters clear and definite. The use of stream of consciousness is deliberately disorienting in the way it skips through time.
1. Which book shows us the truth of daily life conflicts
A. Ulysses. B. Mrs. Dalloway.
C. The Great Gatsby. D. A Farewell to Arms.
2. What do Ulysses and Mrs. Dalloway have in common
A. They share the same literary technique.
B. They show a new and powerful concept.
C. They describe the daily life of the character.
D. They are on the list of the most difficult novels.
3. Where can the text be found
A. In a biography. B. In a history book.
C. In a travel brochure. D. In a literature magazine.
（2023上·新疆·高二校联考期中）In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island.
Upon arrival, a local offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me. He led me through the jungle and I was immersed in the exploration. One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way gingerly when suddenly, a Rafflesia (大王花) appeared into my view among those stones. More than delighted, I bent down and put my nose practically to feel the flower’s special flavour.
As I was approaching the end of my trip, there was another thing highlighting my trip. We happened to encounter the king of the crocodile (鳄鱼), a saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a length of 6 meters. It was getting dark. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds emerged in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the mud. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy eyes just above the water line. Cautiously, we approached it and finally could figure out it was a baby crocodile. Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back.
Though I have settled back into the routine of everyday life now, the experience stays long after the physical journey ended. I have learned to face life’s challenges with a renewed outlook. Despite the rat race of daily existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. The world out there is so fascinating.
4. Why did the author go to Borneo
A. To connect better with his work.
B. To relieve himself of the pressures.
C. To keep an appointment with a local guide.
D. To reward himself for his promotion in job.
5. What does the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Patiently. B. Roughly. C. Cautiously. D. Rapidly.
6. What is the tone of the author when recalling the saltwater crocodile he met
A. Critical. B. Instructive. C. Regretful. D. Humorous.
7. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A. Keep a balance between life and work.
B. Battle with challenges from life and work.
C. Research your destinations ahead of time.
D. Learn more about travel safety knowledge.
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）Kew Gardens is not only a popular tourist destination in London, but also a botanic garden and a research center that has the largest collection of living plants at a single site. So, let’s explore the Royal Botanic Gardens with CGTN’s reporter Robyn Dwyer.
Palm House
The first stop is the Palm House, a giant indoor rainforest with a wide range of plants. Visitors can enjoy these exotic plants while researchers can study the secrets of these flora. Eatable plants such as cocoa tree and African oil palm are all preserved here to keep the diversity of food resources. At the same time, it houses many medical use plants, including some that are used to treat cancer.
Temperate House
Known as the world’s largest Victorian glasshouse, the Temperate House is home to1,500 species of plants from temperate regions of the world. Some of the species kept here have gone extinct in the wild, such as Encephalartos woodii, a cycad from South Africa. And some are already extinct like Saint Helena olive, but the Kew has stored its DNA.
Mediterranean Garden
In the Mediterranean Garden, one can see plants from the Southern Europe, such as rosemary, olives and cork oak. Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe (氛围) of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants.
On International Day for Biological Diversity this year, join CGTN to travel around the world’s national parks and reserves across seven continents. Our next program is to visit penguins and seals in the Antarctic Ice Aquarium Norway. Please stay tuned!
8. What do the three stops have in common
A. They store plants for medical use.
B. They have plants of economic value.
C. They house plants of seven continents.
D. They own plants for scientific research.
9. Which one suits a visitor preferring outdoor sites
A. Palm House. B. Temperate House.
C. Antarctic Ice Aquarium. D. Mediterranean Garden.
10. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A botanic dictionary. B. A TV travel series.
C. A trip advertisement. D. A biodiversity essay.
（2023上·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）A Color Run at School
What Is a Color Run
The event is usually a five-kilometer untimed run. Participants are doused(浇涂上)from head to toe in a different colored powder at each kilometer mark. This activity inspired by the Hindu festival of Holi is perfect for promoting community and happiness.
A color run is a fun event perfect for schools. It is a way to promote health and activity among children. Schools can choose whether they want to host a color run by themselves or have one organized by an event organizer.
Why Should I Take Part in a Color Run
Taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health. It’s a great way to burn calories and get out. You will also be able to meet new people.
How to Set Up a School Color Run
To set up a school Color Run, you will first need to decide what time you want it to start. Then, you will need to contact the principal at your school. They will then tell you if there is enough space available at the named location. You will need to inform the class teachers and include information in the student handbook. Next, you should contact the parents/guardians of the students at the school through a mailed letter or email. With everything listed above completed, you will have your event organized and ready to go!
11. What do we know about a Color Run
A. It sees runners covered from head to toe. B. It used to be a part of Holi.
C. It’s designed for schools only D. It sets no time limit.
12. What benefit may kids get from a school color run
A. Better physical health. B. Prize money from the race.
C. Friendship with the principal. D. T-shirts with a rainbow pattern.
13. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advertise. B. To inform. C. To entertain. D. To criticize.
（2022·重庆·统考二模）Growing up in the South Central neighborhood of Los Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstone only remembers riding a horse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years old.
But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense of freedom and power he felt on the horse that day. “I felt like I could conquer anything,” Featherstone, now 51, said in a Story Corps interview last month with Jordan Humphreys, a 13-year-old horseback rider. After serving in the Army for eight years, Featherstone remained determined to realize his childhood dream of becoming a cowboy.
When he returned to Los Angeles, he learned to ride at stables known as “The Hill” in Compton. Riders there would jump on their horse backs and take their horses into the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned down The Hill. What had become a shelter for the youth was suddenly gone. Sensing the void (空缺) after the fire, Featherstone opened his own stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 to create a space where he could teach kids like Humphreys to care for and ride horses.
As a black man, Featherstone is against prejudice. People of color are often prevented from pop culture and historical representations of the cowboy. His stable has helped keep the cowboy lifestyle alive in the streets. “Riding through the streets on horseback has given me a way to connect with others in the community,” said Humphreys. “It makes them happy seeing us on a horse and then they may be smiling, and I believe that when we come through, we give them a sense of hope,” he added.
If there’s one lesson Featherstone hopes to convey to kids, it’s a respect for all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each other,” he said.
14. What made Featherstone want to become a cowboy
A. His love to his parents. B. The duty of saving the world.
C. The serving years in the army. D. His childhood riding experience.
15. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A. The life of being a cowboy.
B. The dream of being a cowboy.
C. The course of opening Urban Saddles.
D. The place of teaching kids like Humphreys.
16. Which can be one of the purposes of Fetherstone’s opening his own stables
A. To teach the black kids to ride horses.
B. To help the kids to learn to respect all life.
C. To make money by teaching the kids to ride.
D. To train the cowboys to become more hopeful.
17. Which of the following words may best describe Fetherstone
A. Smart but careless. B. Slow but productive.
C. Diligent and broad-minded. D. Determined and kind-hearted.
（2023上·山东泰安·高三统考期中）Anyanna Philipps is no ordinary teacher. She’s an admired kindergarten educator for whom teaching is a mission. She believes that self-respect and strong relationships are the real building blocks of educational development and the path to self-actualization in life. And Philipps, known as Cool Miss P, continues to win hearts on social media, as well as in the classroom, with millions of views on TikTok and Instagram.
Philipps, from Georgia, in the US, is on a mission to put self-respect into the little ones she works with. She has hung a mirror on her classroom door so the children can practice daily “mirror affirmations (肯定)” as she enthusiastically encourages them to “be the best that you can be”.
Since she was young, Philipps was told by people around her that her love for children would make her a great teacher one day. She was also inspired by several of her own teachers. Then a serious accident last year made her feel grateful for living and encouraged her to bring joy into her classroom. She tries to make sure that her students are happy by putting her heart into developing the teacher-student relationship.
Philipps shares one of her Instagram posts: “I am sticking to my purpose. I am a teacher, working to impact, inspire, and elevate all of these precious little lives. For young kids, positive affirmations can help make them feel capable of doing more ‘big kid’ things. They can also help increase kids’ self-respect and make them more resilient (有承受力) to bullying and other negative life situations.”
Cool Miss P puts this idea into action each and every school day to inspire all her young students. So it’s not surprising that so many people viewing her posts leave comments saying that the world needs more teachers like her.
18. Why does Philipps hang a mirror on her classroom door
A. To raise students’ confidence. B. To decorate the classroom.
C. To light the classroom. D. To check students’ appearance.
19. What did Philipps decide to do after the accident
A. Ask previous teachers for advice.
B. Strengthen connection with students.
C. Carry out teaching outside the classroom.
D. Attract people’s attention to early education.
20. What is the impact of her positive affirmations for children
A. They will be in an easier situation.
B. They will submit to bullying on campus.
C. They can deal with challenges positively.
D. They will feel less hesitant to ask for help.
21. What is people’s attitude towards Philipps’s practice in teaching
A. Approving. B. Indifferent. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
（山西省2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题）When Gayle Macdonald reached the summit (顶峰) in Spain’s Sierra Nevada mountain range earlier this year, she didn’t just stop and take in the moment. Instead, she did what a great many people would do—she looked for the best spot to take a selfie (自拍) for her social media accounts. Gayle even admitted that she moved dangerously close to the edge while doing so. It was after that moment that she decided to quit social media.
“I was like ‘this has got to stop,’ ” recalls Gayle. “Taking a photo used to be the first thing I thought about when I got out of the car. Thinking all the time about creating content and worrying about what to say, were taking up too much head space and getting me down.”
Social media can be addictive for many reasons, the main one being that it is a form of escapism, especially for the younger generation. It’s simply a way of connecting without connection, and it’s a 24/7 comfort blanket of company for many. For many of us, most of our time is spent on social media. One global study found that the average person spends 2 hours and 29 minutes per day on such apps and websites. While some people might think that this is a bad habit that they should cut down on, for others it’s an actual addiction that they need help to overcome.
Hilda Burke, a psychotherapist (心理治疗师), says there’s now more widespread awareness about how much time people are spending on social media. “This is now easily to figure up, as most phones show you the breakdown of how you’re spending your time online,” she says. “Seeing how it all adds up can serve as a powerful wake-up call.” She advises that people quitting social media should let all their friends know, so they don’t continue to try to contact you via the sites.
Burke welcomes the fact that more people are quitting social media. It’s likely that we’re eventually starting to realize the damage it can cause to our relationships, mental health and our experience of real-world moments.
22. How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A. By providing research results. B. By describing a process.
C. By making a comparison. D. By giving an example.
23. What may Gayle think of her frequently updating posts on social media
A. Energy-consuming. B. Fashionable. C. Inspiring. D. Eye-catching.
24. Where can you find the reasons for teenagers’ addiction to social media
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
25. What is the best title for the text
A. Teenagers Are Addicted To Social Media
B. People Quit Using Social Media To Post Selfies
C. There Is Really More To Life Than Posting Selfies
D. Social Media Affects Physical And Mental Health
（2023上·河北沧州·高二统考期中）When we talk more broadly of body language, rather than good postures, we can actually see the effects it has on relationships right throughout the animal kingdom. In particular, body language is used to express power through expansive (扩张的) postures.
You might know about Amy Cuddy’s famous Ted Talk and her incredible insights on how posture changes our thoughts. Cuddy and her team study body language, particularly what they call “high-power” and “low-power” poses.
“High-power” poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence, which can help you feel more self-confident, even after only two minutes. Typical high-power poses are about opening up. You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible. For example, bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up onto their desks. Meanwhile, people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated. They close up, arms around themselves, taking up the smallest space.
Some even more recent studies took this even further: A study by researchers from Columbia and Harvard Universities showed that body language symbolizing power can actually affect our decision-making, unintentionally. The researchers measured the desire for risk of participants in either expansive, powerful poses or constricted (收缩的) poses. Those in the powerful poses not only felt more powerful and in control, but were 45% more likely to take risky actions.
“This isn’t about what your body language is communicating to others; it’s about what your body language is communicating to you. Your body language is changing your mind, which changes your behavior, which changes your outcomes,” said Cuddy.
So if you want to take advantage of the benefits of these poses to live a healthier and happier life, where should you start
26. Which is probably a low-power pose according to the text
A. Sitting with hands crossed in the lap.
B. Arms raised in a “V” above the head.
C. Standing with your legs open.
D. Sitting with your arms spreading out on the chair.
27. What can we say about people in the expansive poses
A. They are hesitant. B. They are very shy.
C. They feel out of control. D. They feel more confident.
28. What is the text mainly about
A. The posture of confidence. B. Cuddy’s research on behavior.
C. The surprising power of body language. D. The research about decision-making.
29. What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A. How to correct bad habits. B. How to improve your body language.
C. How posture affects your health. D. Why good posture matters for employees.
（2023上·四川遂宁·高三统考期中）Research has linked urban environments with the increased risk for anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. Fortunately, research also finds a solution: Visiting wilderness, even briefly, is associated with a variety of mental and physical benefits, including lower blood pressure, reduced anxiety and depression, improved mood, better focus, better sleep, better memory and faster healing.
Numerous studies have supported this association, but we still have a lot to learn. Can just walking in a forest really cause all these beneficial changes in the brain And if so, how One good place to look for clues is the amygdala (杏仁核), a small structure in the center of the brain involved in stress processing, emotional learning, and the fight-or-flight response. Research indicates the amygdala is less active during stress in rural residents compared with city dwellers.
To address that question, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development designed a new study, this time with help from functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). The subjects were randomly assigned to take a one-hour walk in either an urban setting (a busy shopping district in Berlin) or a natural one (Berlin’s 3,000-hectare Grunewald forest). Researchers asked them to walk a specific route in either location, without going off-course or using their mobile phones along the way. The FMRI scans showed reduced activity in the amygdala after a walk in the woods, the researchers report, which supports the idea that nature can cause beneficial effects in brain regions involved with stress.
The researchers also learned something interesting about subjects who took urban walks. While their amygdala activity didn’t decrease like those who took nature walks, it also didn’t increase, despite having spent an hour in a busy urban setting. “This strongly argues in favor of the positive effects of nature as opposed to urban exposure causing additional stress,” the researchers write.
In any case, the new study offers some of the clearest evidence yet that stress-related brain activity can be reduced by taking a walk through a nearby forest, just like our ancestors might have done.
30. Of the following situations, which is good to human’s health
A. Going to the city. B. Getting out of wilderness.
C. Having a love for nature. D. Being close to nature.
31. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Changes in the human brain. B. Clues supporting the amygdala.
C. Structure in the middle of the brain. D. Research evidence for this association.
32. What’s the result of the new study according to the subjects
A. Walking in the woods is helpful to human brain.
B. Going to the urban areas is good for human brain.
C. Using scans is thought highly of by the researchers.
D. Taking a one-hour walk is essential to reduce stress.
33. What’s the author’s attitude towards our ancestors’ deed
A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Intolerant.
（2023上·吉林长春·高二长春市第五中学校考阶段练习）Does using an eco-friendly paper straw (吸管) give you a good feeling because you’re doing something for the environment “Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.”
PFAS chemicals, infamous for their longevity and potential harm, can adversely affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can persist over thousands of years in the environment, a property that has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. They are linked to various health issues, including thyroid disease, liver damage, kidney cancer and so on. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items, such as outdoor clothing and non-stick pans, to make them water and heat-resistant.
For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials — paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested.
“The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable,” says Dr. Groffen. “We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw — or just avoid using straws.”
The PFAS concentrations (浓度) were low and, considering that most people only use straws occasionally, pose a limited risk to human health. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes.
34. What does the underlined word “discredited” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Plain. B. Relevant.
C. Doubtful. D. Forceful.
35. Why are PFAS chemicals known as “forever chemicals”
A. They are resistant to water and heat.
B. They take a long time to break down.
C. They exist widely in daily necessities.
D. They may cause various common diseases.
36. What can we know from the test for PFAS
A. PFAS was found in all five types of straws.
B. Paper straws were most likely to contain PFAS.
C. Stainless steel straws are harmless to human health.
D. Glass straws were the most environmentally friendly straws.
37. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. To stress the potential risks of PFAS.
B. To show approaches to using straws safely.
C. To present the advantages of stainless steel straws.
D. To appeal to consumers to avoid using straws in daily life.
（2023上·江苏南通·高三统考阶段练习）Portia Kapraun has always seen unwelcome ads on Twitter, usually from major brands pitching (竭力推销) her expensive jewelry or vehicles that she, as a librarian in Indiana, could not afford. Ms. Kapraun was not interested. But she soon saw the ads again. And again. And again. “These feel like low-end ads,” she said. In a shaky advertising market in an uncertain economy, ads that few people want to see suddenly seem to be everywhere.
Advancements in digital advertising technology were meant to improve users’ experience. People interested in shoes are intended to get ads for sneakers and boots, not repeated pitches promoting gold investments. And the technology is supposed to remove misleading or dangerous pitches. But lately, on several platforms, the opposite seems to be happening for a variety of reasons, including a slowdown in the overall digital ad market. As numerous deep-pocketed markets have pulled back, and the softer market has led several digital platforms to lower their ad pricing, opportunities have opened up for less demanding advertisers.
Advertising experts agree that poor-quality ads appear to be increasing greatly. They point to a variety of potential causes: internal troubles at technology companies, weak content moderation (审核), and high-level advertisers seeking other choices. Then, there’s the economy: A recent survey of 43 multinational companies representing more than $44 billion in advertising spending found that nearly 30 percent planned to cut back on their marketing spending last year.
Other factors are also contributing to lower advertising quality. Social media advertising, once only practiced by specialists, is now easily available to anyone. Many of them are avoiding targeted ads—placements intended to reach specific audiences, usually at a higher cost -- in favor of a cheaper spray-and-pray (广撒网式的) approach online, hoping to catch the attention of gullible (容易受骗的) or bored shoppers. Major social media platforms are now like “a mall that used to be good”, Corey Richardson, vice president at a multicultural ad company, says. “But now there’s no longer a mall there —it’s just a place selling anything.”
38. What message does the author want to deliver in Portia Kapraun’s story
A. Repeated ads have a strong power of persuasion.
B. Social media users often encounter unwanted ads.
C. Major brands usually prefer social media advertising.
D. An uncertain economy leads to lower levels of consumption.
39. What can be inferred about the “less demanding advertisers” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. They are forced to exit the digital ad market.
B. They have benefited from advertising experts.
C. They work hard to improve their users’ experience.
D. They can now advertise at a more affordable price.
40. What is Corey Richardson’s attitude to major social media platforms
A. Negative. B. Unclear. C. Favorable. D. Hopeful
41. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Where is social media advertising heading
B. What is shaking up the online advertising market
C. Why are you seeing so many bad digital ads now
D. How are targeted ads impacting your-purchase decisions
答案第12页，共12页