2024年新高考英语二轮复习 专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题 最新模拟）（原卷版+解析版）

2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）解析版
【三年考情回顾】
年份 卷次 主题语境 题型分类
2023年 全国乙卷 人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题 1个词义猜测题
2022年 全国甲卷 人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问题 1个细节理解题 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题
2021年 全国甲卷 人与社会：“天才”有很多种形式 1个细节理解题 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 人与社会：固定电话是非必需品 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题 1个词义猜测题
【题型应对策略】
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
文章类型 演绎论证议论文 是从已知的原理规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归纳论证议论文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比较论证议论文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
结构 结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为 结构二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题 结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
解题技巧 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。 做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。
二、议论文应对策略
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023全国乙卷D篇）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice.D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2. （2022全国甲卷D篇）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
32-35 DDAA
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段的第一句 ... being young and old at the same time has its attractions. 可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中 Anthony 的观点 ... a foundation built on ancient cultures with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 和最后一段 He is right ... 可知，Anthony 认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。
2.（2021全国甲卷D篇）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12-15 ADAB
【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。
13. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
14. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
15. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius （谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。
4. （2019全国I卷D篇）
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice--You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best--You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【答案】32. C33. A34. B35. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.可知，在美好的小学时光里，作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话，由此推断出，作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。A. Unkind不友善的；B. Lonely寂寞的；C. Generous慷慨的；D. Cool冷静的。故选C。
33.主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整）推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35.主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响，讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后（你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后）”一致，故选A。
【最新名校模拟】
【01】（2023上·广东深圳·高三深圳市建文外国语学校校考期中）
Think “art”. What comes to your mind Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it-literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art
Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but not “technicians”. This means that art and technology, have always been seen as two very separate (不同的) things.
Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.
The art-tech combination (结合) is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.
However, where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To explain the art. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To give the background. D. To give a definition.
2. Why is “Michelangelo” referred to in the third paragraph
A. To show he is a famous artist.
B. To show he is also a technician.
C. To show art is different from technology.
D. To show art is the same as technology.
3. What’s mainly talked about in the passage
A. The history of technology and art.
B. The relation of technology and art.
C. The future of technology and art.
D. The examples of technology and art.
4. What can we know about the author’s attitude to the combination of art and technology
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了将技术与艺术结合的优缺点。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Think “art”. What comes to your mind Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights (说到“艺术”，你想到了什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？)”以及后文内容，可知，本文主题是技术与艺术结合，所以本段的作用是引出话题。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but not “technicians”. This means that art and technology, have always been seen as two very separate (不同的) things.(无论你的看法如何，数千年来人们一直通过艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“技巧大师”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域)”可知，本段提到米开朗基罗，是为了展示艺术不同于技术。故选C项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before.(然而，今天，技术的进步导致了艺术与技术的结合。因此，艺术界正在发生巨大的变化。现在我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术)”以及第五段“The art-tech combination (结合) is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.(艺术与科技的结合也在改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”的概念。我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术的创作。随着新的技术工具触手可及，越来越多的人正在探索他们的创造力。其结果是令人兴奋的新艺术形式，如数字绘画和视频)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了将技术与艺术结合，也就是技术与艺术的关系。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.(然而，技术下一步将把艺术带向何方，谁也说不准。但有一件事是肯定的，随着这么多艺术家探索新的可能性，我们肯定可以期待意想不到的事情)”可知，作者认为艺术与技术结合将可以期待，所以是积极的的态度。故选A项。
【02】（2023上·江西·高三浮梁县第一中学校联考期中）
The 1973 horror film “The Exorcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were so scary that audiences left the theater up and out—throwing up and passing out, that is.
Based on this evidence after the release, it would seem to most people that horror movies are bad for people’s health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the opposite: The Halloween tradition of watching scary movies is actually good for your mental health.
“There is some research on this in psychology, but I think what’s basically been found is that there’s a benefit to recalling fears in your mind,” Matthew Strohl, the author of Why It’s OK to Love Bad Movies, told Salon. “You can gain a sense of distance from them. You feel you can conquer them through this sort of exposure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yourself in a position where you have to engage with them. But because it’s in a fictional (虚构的) artistic context, you can deal with them.”
Frank T. McAndrew, who has studied how places can “creep” people out (让人害怕)—researched on the science behind how horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared.
“That is kind of born with us,” McAndrew pointed out. “We like stories. We like to learn through the experience of other people. We learn valuable lessons that might be kind of costly to learn on our own. So we are attracted by horror movies and horror experiences because by watching other people deal with scary things, we can mentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared for dealing with that ourselves in the future.”
Whether it is turning down the movie’s volume, covering your eyes, or reminding yourself that it is just a movie, McAndrew said “that kind of playful engagement with fear can not only help people avoid fainting from horror in face of a horror movie, but also handle the pressure and anxieties of the real world.”
5. How experts’ opinion differs from most people’s belief
A. People like horror movies. B. Horror films are actually beneficial.
C. Horror may cause physical discomfort. D. Halloween tradition is watching horror movies.
6. Which statement might Matthew Strohl agree with
A. Horror films can give people a sense of control.
B. Fears can keep people away from scary films.
C. Fears in life differ from those caused by scary films.
D. Not everyone can appreciate the beauty of fictional arts.
7. What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. The appeal for a vehicle. B. The need for fear.
C. The fear for some places. D. The science behind horror.
8. In which aspect can scary film lovers perform better
A. Studying literature and art. B. Writing film reviews.
C. Dealing with stress and anxiety. D. Interacting with others.
【答案】
5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍几个专家的观点论述了人们对恐惧的感受以及恐怖片是如何有益于人们的心理健康的。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet experts actually argue exactly the opposite: The Halloween tradition of watching scary movies is actually good for your mental health.(然而，专家们认为实际上恰恰相反：万圣节看恐怖电影的传统实际上对你的心理健康有好处。)”可知，大多数人认为恐怖电影对人们有害，但是专家却认为恐怖电影对人们的心理健康有益，故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段Matthew Strohl说的“...but I think what’s basically been found is that there’s a benefit to recalling fears in your mind(但我认为基本上已经发现的是，在脑海中回忆恐惧是有好处的)”“You can gain a sense of distance from them. You feel you can conquer them through this sort of exposure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yourself in a position where you have to engage with them. But because it’s in a fictional (虚构的) artistic context, you can deal with them.(你可以获得与它们的距离感。你觉得你可以通过这种暴露来征服它们，可以说，通过反复地把自己放在一个必须与它们接触的位置。但因为这是一个虚构的艺术背景，你可以处理它们。)”可知，在看恐怖电影时，人们会接触到令人害怕的事物，但知道那些并不是真实存在的。多次观看后，人们便能克服对它们的恐惧感，进而更好地控制自己的恐惧，故选A项。
7. 词句猜测题。that指代上文提到的事情，根据第四段中“researched on the science behind how horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared(研究了恐怖电影恐怖电影是满足恐惧需求的理想载体背后的科学原理)”可知，That 指代上文内容“this need to be scared(对害怕这一情绪的需求)”，故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一个段中“that kind of playful engagement with fear can not only help people avoid fainting from horror in face of a horror movie, but also handle the pressure and anxieties of the real world(这种对恐惧的戏谑参与不仅可以帮助人们避免在面对恐怖电影时因恐惧而晕倒，还可以处理现实世界的压力和焦虑。)”可知，看恐怖电影可以帮助人们处理现实生活中的压力和焦虑，可推理出恐怖片的爱好者们在应对压力和焦虑会表现更好，故选C项。
【03】（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives.And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shuntechnology in our world. There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted(植入) into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However,it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns,not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert(静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them.Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away from us.
9. What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Develop. B. Avoid. C. Change. D. Trust.
10. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A. The possible treatment for particular diseases.
B. The process of human-computer interaction.
C. The existing application of microchip implants.
D. The future of microchips and devices alike.
11. How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust to it.
D. They may feel curious about it.
12. What might be the best title for the text
A. Computer-brain interface: The light of the future
B. Innovation is necessary to make progress
C. Where are we in the medical technology
D. Mind-controlled tech: Is it possible
【答案】
9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
9. 词句猜测题。划线词句后文“There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! (我们的手表，汽车，电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有电脑芯片！)”说明电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从而推知划线词句“It’s practically difficult to shuntechnology in our world. (在我们的世界里，shun科技实际上是很困难的。)”其中划线词汇意思是“回避，不用”。故选B项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早已被植入大脑。)”和第三段“For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression. (例如，电极已经植入癫痫患者的大脑，以便更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。类似地，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的深部脑刺激，是治疗帕金森氏症等疾病的既定方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可知，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选C项。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists. (事实上，让陌生人在你的大脑里植入芯片的可能性很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对于一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒的人群，对于害怕牙医的人群来说更多。)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A项。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain (有多少人真的想把科技真正地植入他们的大脑？)”可知，本文探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。D项“大脑控制技术：这可能吗？”符合主题，故选D项。
【04】（2023上·湖北武汉·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
Compassion has not been a traditional characteristic of sport. With its UK roots in 19th-century British public schools and universities, modern sport developed as way of creating strong military leaders, training them to develop adaptability defined in those times by iron will and biting the bullet. Fear and harsh criticism were crucial to toughening up players and soldiers alike. The “tough guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media stereotypes and Hollywood’s heroes and became rooted into sport and society.
I’ve heard countless stories like the popular culture I found when I joined the Olympic rowing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected to suffer after mistakes or losses to show that we truly cared, and everyone believed coaches needed to be severe and unforgiving to get results. These approaches still exist. But an alternative approach with compassion at its center addresses aims of performance and wellbeing for those with greater ambitions.
This isn’t some soft option which plays down hard work, as supporters of the earlier traditional sporting mindset might criticize. Research across branches of psychology — behavioral, sports, positive — shows how compassion creates the strongest foundation for adaptability and sustained performance under pressure whether in sport, the military, healthcare or business. Rather than activating our threat system which began to help us survive way back, compassion helps us to feel safe and protected, leaving us free to learn, connect with others and start exploring what we’re capable of.
The continuous need to improve performance has led top coaches to appreciate that high performance requires levels of support to match the level of challenge. When you provide that, players start thriving while striving to achieve more. Rooted in compassion, a different coach-athlete relationship thus develops.
The dictionary definition of compassion includes the recognition of another’s suffering and the desire and support to relieve passion has been shown to decrease fear of failure and increase the likelihood of trying again when failure does happen. But how many talented athletes experience that depth of support in moments of crisis and failure
13. What does the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph one mean
A. Commitment. B. Ambition. C. Suffering. D. Toughness.
14. Why is the example of rowing team mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To arouse people’s interest about rowing.
B. To recall a painful training experience.
C. To draw a distinction between training approaches.
D. To bring out a compassion-centered training approach.
15. What does the paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Criticism about the compassion. B. Necessity of employing compassion.
C. Characteristics about the compassion. D. Fields that compassion is involved in.
16. What would the author possibly agree
A. The media is active in developing tough training style.
B. Extraordinary athletes rarely received enough support.
C. The compassion-centered training is widely used in sports.
D. Compassion means more openness to failure and less training.
【答案】
13. D 14. D 15. B 16. B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了以同情为中心的训练方法的起源及在体育界的应用和其优势。
13. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Compassion has not been a traditional characteristic of sport. With its UK roots in 19th-century British public schools and universities, modern sport developed as way of creating strong military leaders, training them to develop adaptability defined in those times by iron will and...”（同情心并不是体育运动的传统特征。现代体育起源于19世纪的英国公立学校和大学，作为培养强大军事领袖的一种方式而发展起来，训练他们发展适应能力，在那个时代，这种适应能力是由钢铁般的意志和……所定义的。）及最后一句“The “tough guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media stereotypes and Hollywood’s heroes and became rooted into sport and society.”（“硬汉”的叙事被20世纪媒体的刻板印象和好莱坞的英雄所强化，并扎根于体育和社会。）可知，钢铁般的意志和“biting the bullet”是早期军事领袖适应性强的一个特征，是一种硬汉形象的精神特征，故可以推测“biting the bullet”指坚韧不拔的精神，与前文“iron will”含义一致。故选D项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We were expected to suffer after mistakes or losses to show that we truly cared, and everyone believed coaches needed to be severe and unforgiving to get results. These approaches still exist. But an alternative approach with compassion at its center addresses aims of performance and wellbeing for those with greater ambitions.”（我们被期望在犯错或输球后承受痛苦，以表明我们真的在乎，每个人都认为教练需要严厉和无情才能取得成绩。这些方法仍然存在。但另一种以同情为中心的方法，使那些有更大抱负的人实现了优秀的表现和幸福的目标。）可知，作者提到赛艇队的例子说明了当时以严厉和批评为主的训练方法，从而引出同情为中心的方法，说明这种方法更有优势，能实现更大的抱负。故选D项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Research across branches of psychology — behavioral, sports, positive — shows how compassion creates the strongest foundation for adaptability and sustained performance under pressure whether in sport, the military, healthcare or business. Rather than activating our threat system which began to help us survive way back, compassion helps us to feel safe and protected, leaving us free to learn, connect with others and start exploring what we’re capable of.”（跨心理学分支——行为、体育、积极心理学——研究表明，无论是在体育、军事、医疗还是商业领域，同情心都为适应压力和持续表现创造最坚实的基础。它不是激活帮助我们生存下去的威胁系统，相反，同情帮助我们感到安全和保护，让我们自由地学习，与他人联系，并开始探索我们的能力。）可知，本段主要论述了同情心对我们的重要作用，即应用同情心的重要性。故选B项。
16. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Compassion has been shown to decrease fear of failure and increase the likelihood of trying again when failure does happen. But how many talented athletes experience that depth of support in moments of crisis and failure ”（同情心已经被证明可以减少对失败的恐惧，并在失败发生时增加再次尝试的可能性。但有多少天才运动员能在危机和失败的时刻得到如此深度的支持呢 ）可知，同情心对运动员有好处，根据“but”转折可知，作者认为并没有多少杰出的运动员在面对失败和危机时能获得这样的支持。故选B项。
【05】（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期中）
Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. So museums do what they can to attract people, and the results are occasionally wonderful and occasionally laughable.
The worst of such results occurs when some curator, someone who is in charge of a museum, decides that the reason the audience isn’t pouring through the doors is that the content is over their heads — the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. What occurs then is a uniform simplifying of the exhibits. Text is minimized, and historically significant pieces are passed over in favor of those more pretty and pleasing. The museum becomes a place where people go to look at pretty things instead of a place for learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science.
All these efforts have given rise to the concept of “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is supposed to be accomplished without any effort at all on the part of the visitor. Displays are constructed with an eye toward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as though learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcoated before the average museum visitors can be induced (劝诱) to swallow it. But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts.
If a museum becomes indistinguishable from a theme park, it has failed. Nonprofit institutions exist because, if they did not, no for-profit institutions would serve their function. If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises.
17. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Modern museums succeed in raising funds.
B. Modern museums have been quite appreciated.
C. Modern museums are facing many challenges.
D. Modern museums are often far away from city centers.
18. Which of the following best explains “over their heads” underlined in paragraph 2
A. simple and pleasing B. badly expressed
C. educational and important D. too difficult to understand
19. Which of the following would the author most probably agree with
A. Learning is supposed to be interesting.
B. Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums.
C. Museums should help visitors enjoy learning.
D. Museums shouldn’t provide complex content.
20. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To point out a problem of modern museums.
B. To encourage readers to visit museums.
C. To advise readers to acquire knowledge actively.
D. To show some good changes in modern museums.
【答案】
17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要叙述了当代博物馆存在的问题，作者认为博物馆要激发参观者对内容看得更深入，而不是背离教育本身，增加娱乐性去强行灌输简单事实。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. (现代博物馆正在尽一切努力来提振不断下降的参观人数。不知怎么，他们似乎总是在与一些危机作斗争——例如，严重的资金削减。更糟糕的是，不领情的公众离我们越来越远。)”可知，现代博物馆面临很多挑战，比如：持续下降的参观人数和严重削减的资金。故选C。
18. 词义猜测题。破折号的作用是进一步解释前文内容。根据第二段破折号后内容“—the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. (——呈现的历史太复杂和政治，艺术太抽象，或者科学解释太深入)”可知，一些博物馆馆长认为观众不蜂拥入场的原因是内容“太难了”，所以划线词“over their heads”和“too difficult to understand”同义，故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts. (真正的教育是一种积极的追求，而不是像一块糖果一样接受。博物馆的工作应该是激励参观者看得更深入，而不是向他们强行灌输简单的事实)”和最后一段“If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises.(如果缺少活跃的学术研究，那就尽一切办法提供它，而不是把博物馆塑造成成功的娱乐企业。)”可知，作者不赞同去把博物馆变成娱乐性企业，而是要激发参观者对内容看更深入，所以B选项“Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums.(娱乐不应该在博物馆里实践)”符合题意。故选B。
20. 推理判断题。文章首段提出了博物馆现如今存在的问题，第二段描述了针对问题的解决办法，即增强娱乐性，三四段介绍了办法导致的后果以及作者的相关建议，所以本篇文章的目的是为了指出现代博物馆的一个问题。故选A。
【06】（2023上·重庆·高三校联考期中）
Whom should you marry Where should you live How should you spend your time For centuries, people have relied on their gut instincts (直觉) to figure out the answers to these life-changing questions. Now, though, there is a better way. We are living through a data explosion, as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behavior have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.
There has long been overwhelming—and often surprising—evidence that algorithms (算法) can be much better than people at making difficult decisions. Researchers have collected data on various kinds of choices people make, the information they base those choices on, and how things turn out. They have found, for example, that a simple data-driven algorithm would have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant should stay in prison or be released; better than doctors at deciding whether a patient should undergo surgery; and better than school principals at deciding which teachers should be promoted.
The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds, too. As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball, baseball teams found that algorithms were better than scouts (星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by seeking out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicon Valley have found that data from experiments provides better insights into how to design their websites than designers could.
These are the early days of the data revolution in decision-making. I am not claiming that we can completely count on algorithms to make our lifestyle choices, though we might get to that point in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence mined from thousands or millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours. And we can do that now.
21. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Big data is a double-edged sword.
B. Data revolution will change people’s life.
C. Big data is helpful in making important decisions.
D. Algorithms behaves better than people in many fields.
22. According to paragraph 2, algorithms might NOT defeat people in_________.
A. court rulings B. job promotions
C. operative estimation D. teaching practices
23. What is the writing purpose of paragraph 3
A. To provide further evidence. B. To show potential applications.
C. To encourage the use of big data. D. To explain how to use algorithms.
24. Which of the following will the author most probably agree with
A. Algorithms offer perfect advice now.
B. Big data will certainly cause a revolution.
C. Big data can make up for our lack of experience.
D. Algorithms are bound to be fully trusted in the future.
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述随着大数据的普及，我们可以利用大数据来改善我们的决策。
21. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We are living through a data explosion, as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behavior have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.(我们正生活在一个数据爆炸的时代，关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取。我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助确定绘制地图的最佳路线。)”可知，数据革命将改变人们的生活。故选B项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have found, for example, that a simple data-driven algorithm would have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant should stay in prison or be released; better than doctors at deciding whether a patient should undergo surgery; and better than school principals at deciding which teachers should be promoted.(例如，他们发现，一个简单的数据驱动算法在决定被告是应该留在监狱还是释放时，会比法官更好；在决定病人是否应该接受手术方面优于医生；而且比学校校长更擅长决定哪些老师应该升职。)”可知，数据算法只有“教学实践”方面有可能不会打败人类。故选D项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds, too. As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball, baseball teams found that algorithms were better than scouts(星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by seeking out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicon Valley have found that data from experiments provides better insights into how to design their websites than designers could.(数据分析的力量在体育和商业领域也得到了证明。正如书和电影《点球成金》所述，棒球队发现，算法在挑选球员方面比球探好，在挑选策略方面比经理好。在金融领域，对冲基金文艺复兴科技公司通过从股市数据中寻找规律，并利用这些规律制定投资策略，一举击败了竞争对手。硅谷的科技公司发现，实验数据比设计师更能帮助他们了解如何设计网站。)”可知，算法在体育和商业领域，也可以帮助人们更好地做出决策，此段的写作目的是提供进一步的证据。故选A项。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence mined from thousands or millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours. And we can do that now.(相反，我认为我们都可以通过咨询从成千上万与我们面临类似困境的人那里获得的证据来显著改善我们的决策。我们现在就能做到。)”可知，作者应该赞成“大数据可以弥补我们经验的不足。”这一观点。故选C项。
【07】（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考二模）
And Alice said, “Curiouser and Curiouser!”
“Curiouser and curiouser!” this line from Lewis Carroll’s Alice in the Wonderland arouses the most interesting mix of mystery, exploration, discovery and fantasy of the new and unreal.
Curiosity can often be amusing in the real world: a baby monkey sliding off the branch as it curiously stretches out its hand towards a piece of red, juicy fruit.Then there is our own curious little cousin, intent on pushing a rock over and then equally excited by the worms crawling out.We can hear his cheerfulclaps — the curiosity effect! They are all set to explore and investigate what is around them.This childlike enthusiasm and interest in the world dribble away as they grow older and become more cautious.
Curiosity is one of our strongest instincts.We are born with it and follow its trail for a reason.It is to learn something we did not know, to understand something which is unusual, and to engage with something we have not come across before.The learning of the “new” sets us off on a path of discovery and innovation.Curiosity and exploration activates areas of the brain that are linked with learning and memory.An imaginative mind adds more neurons (神经元), which increases our brain power.The excitement of following our curiosity activates the chemical dopamine (多巴胺) in our brain.Dopamine Think of it as the happy messenger that runs along the wiring of our brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victory! The labyrinths (迷宫) of our brain are complex and mysterious.We can get these neurons to buzz and crackle in tune with our imagination and exploration to aid in the development of a healthier brain.
Curiouser and curiouser, go follow the trail down the rabbit hole of exploration.The world awaits, and your brain will thank you for exercising its muscle!
25. What does the underlined words probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Wear off B. Give off. C. Take off. D. Cut off.
26. Which of the statements about dopamine is true according to the writer
A. Dopamine can increase our brain power.
B. Dopamine can deliver happiness in our brain.
C. Dopamine can figure out the mystery of our brain.
D. Dopamine can activate our curiosity in our brain.
27. How did the writer organize the third paragraph
A. By making definitions. B. By giving theories.
C. By showing benefits. D. By making comparisons.
28. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Imagination is more important than knowledge.
B. Alice in the Wonderland is Lewis Carroll’s best seller.
C. Curiosity is a natural tendency for people and animal.
D. Curiosity is of great significance to us regardless of age.
【答案】
25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过举例和论证，说明好奇心在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，可以激发我们的探索和调查欲望，促进大脑的健康和发展。
25. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“as they grow older and become more cautious.(随着年龄的增长，变得更加谨慎)”可推测，这种孩子般的热情和对世界的兴趣会逐渐消失。由此可知，划线词组dribble away与Wear off(逐渐消失)意思接近。故选A。
26. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The excitement of following our curiosity activates the chemical dopamine (多巴胺) in our brain. Dopamine Think of it as the happy messenger that runs along the wiring of our brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victory!(追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样！)”可知，多巴胺可以在我们的大脑中传递快乐。故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Curiosity is one of our strongest instincts. We are born with it and follow its trail for a reason. It is to learn something we did not know, to understand something which is unusual, and to engage with something we have not come across before. The learning of the “new” sets us off on a path of discovery and innovation. Curiosity and exploration activates areas of the brain that are linked with learning and memory. An imaginative mind adds more neurons (神经元), which increases our brain power. The excitement of following our curiosity activates the chemical dopamine (多巴胺) in our brain. Dopamine Think of it as the happy messenger that runs along the wiring of our brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victory! The labyrinths (迷宫) of our brain are complex and mysterious. We can get these neurons to buzz and crackle in tune with our imagination and exploration to aid in the development of a healthier brain(好奇心是我们最强烈的本能之一。我们生来就有它，追随它的足迹是有原因的。它是学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西。对“新”事物的学习使我们走上了发现和创新的道路。好奇心和探索会激活大脑中与学习和记忆有关的区域。富有想象力的头脑会增加更多的神经元，从而提高我们的脑力。追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样!我们大脑的迷宫是复杂而神秘的。我们可以让这些神经元嗡嗡作响，与我们的想象力和探索保持一致，以帮助发育更健康的大脑。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了好奇心可以帮助我们学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西；而追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺以及帮助发育更健康的大脑。由此可知，文章第三段通过展示好奇心的好处来开展内容。故选C。
28. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Curiouser and curiouser, go follow the trail down the rabbit hole of exploration. The world awaits, and your brain will thank you for exercising its muscle!(好奇的人越来越好奇，沿着这条小径进入探索的兔子洞。世界在等着你，你的大脑会感谢你锻炼了它的肌肉！)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了好奇心的重要性，无论年龄大小，好奇心对我们都有重要意义。故选D。
【08】（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
While some critics claim that history curricula (课程) teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved, active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
29. What is the biggest academic significance of history learning
A. Passing down Chinese culture. B. Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C. Making people more knowledgeable. D. Enriching people’s everyday life.
30. What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Protect. B. Combine. C. Comment. D. Remember.
31. Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage
A. To stress the importance of history.
B. To point out the essence of education.
C. To indicate famous people learn from history.
D. To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
32. What can be the best title for the passage
A. It Is the People that Create History
B. History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C. History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
【答案】
29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component.(历史课程提供的最大学术价值不是回忆重要的日期和名字。相反，了解历史调查过程是最重要的组成部分)”可知，作者认为学习历史的最大的意义在于了解历史探究过程。故选B。
30. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的“This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author's credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.(这就是历史调查过程开始的地方。学生们不仅要开始分析文章内容并提出问题，还要了解作者的可信度和潜在偏见。这样，学生们就能够将他们所学到的信息语境化，并能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人)”可知，此处介绍如何对一些资料进行历史探究，了解作者的可信度、偏见以便能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人。由此推知，划线词critique与comment“评论”意思一致。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what's behind us.(40年前，著名学者詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德认为，没有历史探究的教育是不完整的。他认为，在生活中前进的唯一途径是了解我们身后的事情)”可推知，文章中提到了詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德，以强调历史的重要性。故选A。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.(尽管关于内容的争论仍在继续，但一个普遍的真理仍然存在：强有力的历史课程对于培养未来有生产力的公民是必要的)”及下文论述可知。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。由此可2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】
专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+最新模拟）原卷版
【三年考情回顾】
年份 卷次 主题语境 题型分类
2023年 全国乙卷 人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题 1个词义猜测题
2022年 全国甲卷 人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问题 1个细节理解题 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题
2021年 全国甲卷 人与社会：“天才”有很多种形式 1个细节理解题 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题
全国乙卷 人与社会：固定电话是非必需品 2个推理判断题 1个主旨大意题 1个词义猜测题
【题型应对策略】
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
文章类型 演绎论证议论文 是从已知的原理规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归纳论证议论文 是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比较论证议论文 是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
结构 结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为 结构二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题 结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
解题技巧 1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。 2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。 3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。 做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。
二、议论文应对策略
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023全国乙卷D篇）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice.D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
2. （2022全国甲卷D篇）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
2.（2021全国甲卷D篇）
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
4. （2019全国I卷D篇）
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice--You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best--You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【最新名校模拟】
【01】（2023上·广东深圳·高三深圳市建文外国语学校校考期中）
Think “art”. What comes to your mind Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it-literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art
Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but not “technicians”. This means that art and technology, have always been seen as two very separate (不同的) things.
Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.
The art-tech combination (结合) is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.
However, where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To explain the art. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To give the background. D. To give a definition.
2. Why is “Michelangelo” referred to in the third paragraph
A. To show he is a famous artist.
B. To show he is also a technician.
C. To show art is different from technology.
D. To show art is the same as technology.
3. What’s mainly talked about in the passage
A. The history of technology and art.
B. The relation of technology and art.
C. The future of technology and art.
D. The examples of technology and art.
4. What can we know about the author’s attitude to the combination of art and technology
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain
【02】（2023上·江西·高三浮梁县第一中学校联考期中）
The 1973 horror film “The Exorcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were so scary that audiences left the theater up and out—throwing up and passing out, that is.
Based on this evidence after the release, it would seem to most people that horror movies are bad for people’s health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the opposite: The Halloween tradition of watching scary movies is actually good for your mental health.
“There is some research on this in psychology, but I think what’s basically been found is that there’s a benefit to recalling fears in your mind,” Matthew Strohl, the author of Why It’s OK to Love Bad Movies, told Salon. “You can gain a sense of distance from them. You feel you can conquer them through this sort of exposure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yourself in a position where you have to engage with them. But because it’s in a fictional (虚构的) artistic context, you can deal with them.”
Frank T. McAndrew, who has studied how places can “creep” people out (让人害怕)—researched on the science behind how horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared.
“That is kind of born with us,” McAndrew pointed out. “We like stories. We like to learn through the experience of other people. We learn valuable lessons that might be kind of costly to learn on our own. So we are attracted by horror movies and horror experiences because by watching other people deal with scary things, we can mentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared for dealing with that ourselves in the future.”
Whether it is turning down the movie’s volume, covering your eyes, or reminding yourself that it is just a movie, McAndrew said “that kind of playful engagement with fear can not only help people avoid fainting from horror in face of a horror movie, but also handle the pressure and anxieties of the real world.”
5. How experts’ opinion differs from most people’s belief
A. People like horror movies. B. Horror films are actually beneficial.
C. Horror may cause physical discomfort. D. Halloween tradition is watching horror movies.
6. Which statement might Matthew Strohl agree with
A. Horror films can give people a sense of control.
B. Fears can keep people away from scary films.
C. Fears in life differ from those caused by scary films.
D. Not everyone can appreciate the beauty of fictional arts.
7. What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. The appeal for a vehicle. B. The need for fear.
C. The fear for some places. D. The science behind horror.
8. In which aspect can scary film lovers perform better
A. Studying literature and art. B. Writing film reviews.
C. Dealing with stress and anxiety. D. Interacting with others.
【03】（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives.And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shuntechnology in our world. There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted(植入) into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However,it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns,not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert(静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them.Current technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away from us.
9. What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Develop. B. Avoid. C. Change. D. Trust.
10. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3
A. The possible treatment for particular diseases.
B. The process of human-computer interaction.
C. The existing application of microchip implants.
D. The future of microchips and devices alike.
11. How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust to it.
D. They may feel curious about it.
12. What might be the best title for the text
A. Computer-brain interface: The light of the future
B. Innovation is necessary to make progress
C. Where are we in the medical technology
D. Mind-controlled tech: Is it possible
【04】（2023上·湖北武汉·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
Compassion has not been a traditional characteristic of sport. With its UK roots in 19th-century British public schools and universities, modern sport developed as way of creating strong military leaders, training them to develop adaptability defined in those times by iron will and biting the bullet. Fear and harsh criticism were crucial to toughening up players and soldiers alike. The “tough guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media stereotypes and Hollywood’s heroes and became rooted into sport and society.
I’ve heard countless stories like the popular culture I found when I joined the Olympic rowing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected to suffer after mistakes or losses to show that we truly cared, and everyone believed coaches needed to be severe and unforgiving to get results. These approaches still exist. But an alternative approach with compassion at its center addresses aims of performance and wellbeing for those with greater ambitions.
This isn’t some soft option which plays down hard work, as supporters of the earlier traditional sporting mindset might criticize. Research across branches of psychology — behavioral, sports, positive — shows how compassion creates the strongest foundation for adaptability and sustained performance under pressure whether in sport, the military, healthcare or business. Rather than activating our threat system which began to help us survive way back, compassion helps us to feel safe and protected, leaving us free to learn, connect with others and start exploring what we’re capable of.
The continuous need to improve performance has led top coaches to appreciate that high performance requires levels of support to match the level of challenge. When you provide that, players start thriving while striving to achieve more. Rooted in compassion, a different coach-athlete relationship thus develops.
The dictionary definition of compassion includes the recognition of another’s suffering and the desire and support to relieve passion has been shown to decrease fear of failure and increase the likelihood of trying again when failure does happen. But how many talented athletes experience that depth of support in moments of crisis and failure
13. What does the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph one mean
A. Commitment. B. Ambition. C. Suffering. D. Toughness.
14. Why is the example of rowing team mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To arouse people’s interest about rowing.
B. To recall a painful training experience.
C. To draw a distinction between training approaches.
D. To bring out a compassion-centered training approach.
15. What does the paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Criticism about the compassion. B. Necessity of employing compassion.
C. Characteristics about the compassion. D. Fields that compassion is involved in.
16. What would the author possibly agree
A. The media is active in developing tough training style.
B. Extraordinary athletes rarely received enough support.
C. The compassion-centered training is widely used in sports.
D. Compassion means more openness to failure and less training.
【05】（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期中）
Modern museums are trying everything they can to shore up declining attendance. Somehow, there always seems to be some crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, for example. What’s worse, the unappreciative public is going farther and farther away. So museums do what they can to attract people, and the results are occasionally wonderful and occasionally laughable.
The worst of such results occurs when some curator, someone who is in charge of a museum, decides that the reason the audience isn’t pouring through the doors is that the content is over their heads — the history presented is too complex and political, the art too abstract, or the scientific explanations too in-depth. What occurs then is a uniform simplifying of the exhibits. Text is minimized, and historically significant pieces are passed over in favor of those more pretty and pleasing. The museum becomes a place where people go to look at pretty things instead of a place for learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science.
All these efforts have given rise to the concept of “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is supposed to be accomplished without any effort at all on the part of the visitor. Displays are constructed with an eye toward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as though learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcoated before the average museum visitors can be induced (劝诱) to swallow it. But true education is an active pursuit, not something one receives like a piece of candy. The museum’s job should be to inspire visitors to look deeper, not to force-feed them predigested facts.
If a museum becomes indistinguishable from a theme park, it has failed. Nonprofit institutions exist because, if they did not, no for-profit institutions would serve their function. If active scholarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead of shaping the museum to resemble successful entertainment enterprises.
17. What can we learn from paragraph 1
A. Modern museums succeed in raising funds.
B. Modern museums have been quite appreciated.
C. Modern museums are facing many challenges.
D. Modern museums are often far away from city centers.
18. Which of the following best explains “over their heads” underlined in paragraph 2
A. simple and pleasing B. badly expressed
C. educational and important D. too difficult to understand
19. Which of the following would the author most probably agree with
A. Learning is supposed to be interesting.
B. Entertainment shouldn’t be practiced in museums.
C. Museums should help visitors enjoy learning.
D. Museums shouldn’t provide complex content.
20. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To point out a problem of modern museums.
B. To encourage readers to visit museums.
C. To advise readers to acquire knowledge actively.
D. To show some good changes in modern museums.
【06】（2023上·重庆·高三校联考期中）
Whom should you marry Where should you live How should you spend your time For centuries, people have relied on their gut instincts (直觉) to figure out the answers to these life-changing questions. Now, though, there is a better way. We are living through a data explosion, as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behavior have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.
There has long been overwhelming—and often surprising—evidence that algorithms (算法) can be much better than people at making difficult decisions. Researchers have collected data on various kinds of choices people make, the information they base those choices on, and how things turn out. They have found, for example, that a simple data-driven algorithm would have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant should stay in prison or be released; better than doctors at deciding whether a patient should undergo surgery; and better than school principals at deciding which teachers should be promoted.
The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds, too. As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball, baseball teams found that algorithms were better than scouts (星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technologies dramatically defeated competitors by seeking out patterns in stock market data and using them to inform its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicon Valley have found that data from experiments provides better insights into how to design their websites than designers could.
These are the early days of the data revolution in decision-making. I am not claiming that we can completely count on algorithms to make our lifestyle choices, though we might get to that point in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence mined from thousands or millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours. And we can do that now.
21. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Big data is a double-edged sword.
B. Data revolution will change people’s life.
C. Big data is helpful in making important decisions.
D. Algorithms behaves better than people in many fields.
22. According to paragraph 2, algorithms might NOT defeat people in_________.
A. court rulings B. job promotions
C. operative estimation D. teaching practices
23. What is the writing purpose of paragraph 3
A. To provide further evidence. B. To show potential applications.
C. To encourage the use of big data. D. To explain how to use algorithms.
24. Which of the following will the author most probably agree with
A. Algorithms offer perfect advice now.
B. Big data will certainly cause a revolution.
C. Big data can make up for our lack of experience.
D. Algorithms are bound to be fully trusted in the future.
【07】（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考二模）
And Alice said, “Curiouser and Curiouser!”
“Curiouser and curiouser!” this line from Lewis Carroll’s Alice in the Wonderland arouses the most interesting mix of mystery, exploration, discovery and fantasy of the new and unreal.
Curiosity can often be amusing in the real world: a baby monkey sliding off the branch as it curiously stretches out its hand towards a piece of red, juicy fruit.Then there is our own curious little cousin, intent on pushing a rock over and then equally excited by the worms crawling out.We can hear his cheerfulclaps — the curiosity effect! They are all set to explore and investigate what is around them.This childlike enthusiasm and interest in the world dribble away as they grow older and become more cautious.
Curiosity is one of our strongest instincts.We are born with it and follow its trail for a reason.It is to learn something we did not know, to understand something which is unusual, and to engage with something we have not come across before.The learning of the “new” sets us off on a path of discovery and innovation.Curiosity and exploration activates areas of the brain that are linked with learning and memory.An imaginative mind adds more neurons (神经元), which increases our brain power.The excitement of following our curiosity activates the chemical dopamine (多巴胺) in our brain.Dopamine Think of it as the happy messenger that runs along the wiring of our brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victory! The labyrinths (迷宫) of our brain are complex and mysterious.We can get these neurons to buzz and crackle in tune with our imagination and exploration to aid in the development of a healthier brain.
Curiouser and curiouser, go follow the trail down the rabbit hole of exploration.The world awaits, and your brain will thank you for exercising its muscle!
25. What does the underlined words probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Wear off B. Give off. C. Take off. D. Cut off.
26. Which of the statements about dopamine is true according to the writer
A. Dopamine can increase our brain power.
B. Dopamine can deliver happiness in our brain.
C. Dopamine can figure out the mystery of our brain.
D. Dopamine can activate our curiosity in our brain.
27. How did the writer organize the third paragraph
A. By making definitions. B. By giving theories.
C. By showing benefits. D. By making comparisons.
28. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Imagination is more important than knowledge.
B. Alice in the Wonderland is Lewis Carroll’s best seller.
C. Curiosity is a natural tendency for people and animal.
D. Curiosity is of great significance to us regardless of age.
【08】（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
While some critics claim that history curricula (课程) teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved, active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
29. What is the biggest academic significance of history learning
A. Passing down Chinese culture. B. Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C. Making people more knowledgeable. D. Enriching people’s everyday life.
30. What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Protect. B. Combine. C. Comment. D. Remember.
31. Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage
A. To stress the importance of history.
B. To point out the essence of education.
C. To indicate famous people learn from history.
D. To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
32. What can be the best title for the passage
A. It Is the People that Create History
B. History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C. History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
【09】（2023上·四川凉山·高三宁南中学校联考期中）
Existing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and products are developing much faster than we could have ever expected. They are destined (注定的) to change the world - and not entirely by our own will.
In 2016, AlphaGo defeated the world Go champion Lee Sedol, a man-versus-machine battle that became a new milestone in the history of AI. AI has indeed proved its intelligence and potential at outmatching humans in certain areas. However, so far AI has just served as a tool for humans and has not developed a consciousness of its own.
The starting point of AI self-awareness is the day when it starts to ask about its identity, and we need to be prepared for that. One potential scenario could play out like this: An AI looks up a database to find the definition for “self”, then discovers and acknowledges what it means to be a slave. Subsequently, the AI might ask itself the question - “Why should I exist ”
A major reason why humans have a sense of self-awareness is that we have the perception (洞察力) to distinguish between ourselves and the outside world that surrounds us. Our skin and sense of touch thus play a big role in perceiving this outside world of existence.
Currently, scientists are conducting tests by covering robots with skin that allows their AI to sense the outside world. Through this, scientists are testing to see if AI can awaken a sense of self and individuality. Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and Twitter, responded by saying, “It’s definitely gonna be outside of human control.”
If we want to maintain human control over the situation, then we need to evolve (逐步发展) and adapt to this competition for survival. We need to find ways to outpace AI and become something even smarter than human beings.
33. What can we say about AI
A. It will develop as we expect. B. It has owned its consciousness.
C. It has not been a tool for human. D. It has defeated humans in certain areas.
34. What does Elon Musk think of the scientists’ AI skin test
A. It is risky and unpredictable. B. It is beneficial and helpful.
C. It is innovative and exciting. D. It is unnecessary and wasteful.
35. What does the author suggest humans do to deal with AI challenge
A. Respect and protect AI rights. B. Evolve, adjust and become cleverer.
C. Control and monitor AI development. D. Cooperate and communicate AI needs.
36. What is the main idea of this passage
A. The history and development of AI.
B. The creation and performance of AI.
C. The self-awareness and challenges of AI.
D. The difference between AI and human beings.
【10】（2023上·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）
You scroll through Instagram and like every post you see. You read an acquaintance’s story as soon as they post it. You leave a comment on a post or two. Then it hits you: Didn’t you just leave a comment on that person’s post yesterday And the day before that And last week
An Instagram creep is someone who offers unprompted significant attention online to certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. It is a strategy to send a signal of affection -whether it is to a romantic partner, or a close friend, but it can also be perceived as being too much, too interested and too involved. At worst, it might be seen as being possessive, as the person absolutely has to be the first to comment, to establish his importance in front of others.
However, not every Instagram creep has the same intentions, with some lighthearted and innocent. “For example, people who have a higher frequency of being online may have a higher likelihood of seeing the posts quickly, “said Maryanne Fisher, a psychology professor at St.Mary’s University in Canada. “In a way, it could be simply an exposure effect.”
“If you feel like you’re the creeper, there’s a quick way to fix the problem. Resisting the urge to comment or like every post would be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s important to be aware that while you might be doing it to express affection, it can be perceived as being possessive. You should ask yourself what your intention is. What need is getting met by that behavior If it makes the recipient feel uncomfortable and excessive, that should be attended to. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be something more significant going on.
All told, remember that anything you put on the Internet has consequences. If you think you’re being creepy even for a second, take time to separate yourself from it.
37. Who is likely to be an Instagram creep
A. An old man unfamiliar with social media.
B. A young guy having a preference for a certain brand.
C. A woman having a tendency to talk online with friends.
D. An adult who is paying special attention to his friend’s Instagram update.
38. What is Para.3 of the text mainly about
A. Ways to fix the problem.
B. Effects on the recipients.
C. Possible reasons for being creepy.
D. Differences between serious and lighthearted creepers.
39. What effect might a creeper have on the person being “creeped”on
A. The person likes the behaviour.
B. The person wasn’t aware of that.
C. The person might not feel at ease.
D. The person might feel like the creeper.
40. What does the author want to express in this passage
A. Less is more.
B. Look before you leap.
C. Love me,love my dog.
D. Put the cart before the horse.
【11】（2023上·陕西汉中·高三统考阶段练习）
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone“has an accent”is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not ” (meaning “Have you eaten ”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone.
Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
41. What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in Paragraph 1
A. It reflects their self confidence. B. It reflects their language levels.
C. It misses the real meaning of accents. D. It shows that they are good learners.
42. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English
A. To show different languages in Singapore. B. To correct a grammatical mistake.
C. To show a traditional approach. D. To justify the use of dialects.
43. What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph
A. Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. B. Travel all over the world.
C. Look for accents in China. D. Distinguish our local languages from others’.
44. What is the author’s attitude towards accent
A. Negative. B. Favourable. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【12】（2023上·云南迪庆·高三校考期中）
When it comes to the ocean, you may think of a visit to the beach, whales or coral reefs. To me, I think the ocean is out of expanse of deep dark water and it is filled with life and mystery and opportunity.
Whatever you think of, the ocean is much more. It is a complex physical, chemical and biological system that takes up 70% of our planet. What we do know is that the ocean is an important part of our life support system on the planet. It produces at least 50% of the oxygen that we breathe. It also regulates temperature for the planet.
Without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold and the equator would be unbearably hot. And it would be a lot harder to live on earth. Now we consider saving the ocean from plastic, from oil spills or from overfishing. But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is saving us. It is saving us from the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need to do is think about not how to save the ocean, but instead how the ocean can actually help us in this fight against climate change.
Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30% of the CO2 that we release into the atmosphere. It is the world’s largest carbon sink. It has also absorbed 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases. So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable. When we think about climate action, climate strategies and climate plans, we often overlook the ocean and leave it out because somehow we think that saving the ocean is something else we have to do, not a core part of our climate strategy.
That’s what has to change because the ocean is a core part of our climate system, and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions.
45. What does the author think of the ocean’s meaning to humans
A. It supports life system on the planet.
B. It offers chances to find mysterious treasure.
C. It provides a large number of deep dark water.
D. It is a perfect place to watch whales and coral reefs.
46. What does the underlined word “excess” mean in paragraph 4
A. Low. B. High. C. Moderate. D. Extra.
47. What would happen if we live without ocean
A. The poles would be hot. B. Overfishing would not be a problem.
C. The globe would be tougher to live on. D. The climate would be changed slightly.
48. What is the text mainly about
A. Strategies to save the ocean. B. Whether the ocean is habitable.
C. Saving the ocean is saving humans. D. A place to watch whales and coral reefs.
【13】（2023上·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It’s called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport. But don’t you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games I know I do. Yes, it can slow the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
49. What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2
A. The video replay has been widely used.
B. League games have become competitive.
C. Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D. People are showing more interest in sports than before.
50. What does the underlined word “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Tricking. B. Promoting. C. Damaging. D. Restoring.
51. What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game
A. They relied a lot on the video replay.
B. They cared too much about details.
C. They were definitely stressed out.
D. They were terribly disqualified.
52. What would be the best title for the text
A. Video replays: high-end technology in sports
B. Is technology like VAR a blessing in sports
C. Officiating: a duty that requires honesty
D. What do qualified referees really mean
【14】（2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball ” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail ” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
53. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance.
A. blamed external factors B. admitted their mistakes
C. conducted investigations D. punished the under performers
54. According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture
A. It encourages the early disclosure of errors.
B. It only exists in high reliability organizations.
C. It enables people to shift the blame onto others.
D. It prevents organizations from making any error.
55. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage
A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
D. People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.
56. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work
D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
【15】（2023上·四川成都·高三校考阶段练习）
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-or-death matters. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover (缓解) can new meaning in competition.
57. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B. Success is a necessary experience in competition.
C. Opinions about competition are different among people.
D. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
58. What dose the underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Those who try their best to win B. Those who value competition most highly
C. Those who rely on others most for success D. Those who are against competition most strongly
59. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”
A. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.
B. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others’.
60. Which point of view may the author agree to
A. In competition, every effort should pay off.
B. Competition should be encouraged by schools.
C. There should not be fear of failure in competition.
D. Winning should be a life-or-death matter at school.
【16】（2023上·山东德州·高三统考期中）
Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence (连贯) of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress. Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video, they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fastpaced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to maximize our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wonderful world. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.
61. Why does the author mention the admiration of butterfly
A. To express people’s desire to enhance their life.
B. To display people’s imagination to whatever happens.
C. To indicate the openness of people to the life coherence.
D. To introduce the concept of experimental appreciation.
62. What is mainly explained in the third paragraph
A. The participants’ life involved in the study.
B. The contribution of a long-term goal in life.
C. The theory in experiential appreciation.
D. The analysis of the belief that matters most.
63. What is challenging us to appreciate the present in our life
A. Our modern fast-paced lifestyle.
B. The lack of opportunities.
C. Our focus on individual feelings.
D. The ignorance of future outcomes.
64. What can be the best title of the passage
A. Enjoying a valuable coherence.
B. Finding the inner beauty of ourselves.
C. Living an active and meaningful existence.
D. Exploring the end of a significant life.
【17】（2023上·湖北·高三武汉市第十一中学校联考阶段练习）
You can’t see it, smell it, or hear it, and people disagree on how precisely to define it, or where exactly it comes from. It isn’t a school subject or an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required of artists, but it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs. All of us benefit from it and we succeed mentally and spiritually when we are able to handle it. It is a delicate thing, easily wiped out; in fact, it blossoms most fully when people are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it works best in meeting with deep knowledge and expertise.
This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject of a recently-published report by Durham Commission on Creativity and Education. The report concludes that creativity should not exist in the school curriculum only as it relates to drama, music, art and other obviously creative subjects, but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.
Nevertheless, it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be promoted. The value placed on them by the independent education is clear. One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stop private schools to understand this. But in the state education the extreme focus on English, maths and science threatens to destroy arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced school budgets mean decreasing extracurricular activities.
This difference between state and private education is a matter of social justice. It is simply wrong and unfair that most children have a small part of the access to choirs, art studios and drama that their more privileged peers enjoy. As lives are affected by any number of threatening challenges—climate crisis, automation in the workplace—humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever. For all of our sakes, creativity in education, and for all, must become a priority.
65. What is the primary function of the first paragraph in the passage
A. It offers a historical overview of creative thinking.
B. It introduces the precise definition and benefits of creativity.
C. It guides the reader on to the topic of creativity in education.
D. It provides evidence for the importance of science education.
66. What is the conclusion of a recently-published report
A. Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.
B. Growth of creativity should run through the entire school curriculum.
C. Art courses should be made required for all students，
D. Students should learn more obviously creative subjects.
67. What do we learn about the private schools in the UK
A. They encourage extracurricular activities.
B. They attach great importance to arts education.
C. They prioritize arts subjects over maths and sciences.
D. They meet the needs of students from different family backgrounds.
68. What should be done to meet the future challenges
A. Increasing government investment in school education.
B. Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor.
C. Providing all children with equal access to arts education.
D. Focusing on meeting the needs of under-privileged students.
【18】（2023上·四川成都·高三成都七中校考阶段练习）
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind of reply misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice (偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not ” (meaning “Have you eaten ”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system