人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking 学案 （含答案）

Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.了解英美等西方国家绘画艺术的起源及不同历史时期出现的代表人物及其作品;通过比照了解中外绘画艺术特点及所反映的历史事件和对全人类文明的影响。(文化意识)
2.了解不同时期西方绘画艺术的特点,学会对不同时期的绘画作品进行赏析。 (文化意识,思维品质)
3.通过分析课文结构,了解文章大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.释义匹配
(　　)1.precise　　　　　(　　)2.breakthrough
(　　)3.reputation (　　)4.purchase
(　　)5.subjective (　　)6.emerge
(　　)7.humble (　　)8.representative
(　　)9.dimension (　　)10.permanent
A.vt.购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西
B.n.名誉;名声
C.adj.准确的;精确的
D.adj.主观的
E.n.重大进展;突破
F.adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的
G.adj.典型的;有代表性的n.代表
H.n.维;规模;范围
I.vi.& vt.出现;浮现;暴露
J.adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的
答案　1~5　CEBAD　6~10　IJGHF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.adj. 现实的;逼真的
2.adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
3.adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
4.n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的
5.n.地位;级别;行列 vt.&vi.把……分等级;使排成行
6.n.日出
7.adj.外表的;外边的;外围的
8.adj.随后的;后来的;之后的
9.n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术
10.adj.视觉的;视力的
答案　1.realistic　2.primitive　3.influential　4.noble　5.rank　6.sunrise　7.outer　8.subsequent　9.sculpture 10.visual
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. adj.准确的;精确的→ adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此
2.　　　　adj.现实的;逼真的→　　　　n.现实→ n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风 →　　　　 n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者
3.　　　　 adj.人文主义的→　　　　 n.人性;人道;(统称)人类
4. adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的→ vt.影响;支配 n.影响;作用
5. adj.随后的;后来的;之后的→ adv.随后;后来
6. n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术→ n.雕刻家;雕塑家→ v.雕刻
7. adj.视觉的;视力的→ n.视野;视力
8. adj.拱形的;弓形的→ v.呈弧形横跨;(使)成弓形n.拱;拱形结构;拱门
9. n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入 → v.投资
10.n.展览;(技能、感情或行为的)表演→ v.展览n.展览品
11.　　　　 vi.& vt.批评;指责;评价→n.批评;指责;评论
12. n.扩张;扩展;扩大→ v.增加;扩展;扩大
13. adj.艺术的;艺术家的→ n.艺术家
14. n.加入;进入;参与→ v.加入;进入
15. n.承认;认出;赞誉→ vt.认出;承认;赞成
答案　1.precise;precisely　2.realistic;reality;realism;realist　3.humanistic;humanity　4.influential;influence　5.subsequent;subsequently　6.sculpture;sculptor;sculpt 7.visual;vision　8.arched;arch　9.investment;invest　10.exhibition;exhibit　11.criticise;criticism　12.expansion;expand　13.artistic;artist　14.entry;enter　15.recognition;recognise
构词规律
n.+-ic→adj. v.+-ion→n.
reality→ realistic现实的;逼真的 hero→heroic英雄的;不畏艰难的 artist→artistic艺术的;艺术家的 exhibit→exhibition展览;(技能、感情或行为的)表演 discuss→discussion讨论;商讨 classify→classification分类;归类;类别
Step 2 短语记诵
1.particular尤其;特别
2.set apart 使与众不同;使突出;使优于 ……
3.bring ...life赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来
4.be fond of　　　　　　　
5.fine art(s)　　　　　　　
6.be worthy of 　　　　　　　
答案　1.in　2.from　3.to　4.喜爱;喜欢　5.美术(尤指绘画和雕塑)　6.值得
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.(as引导原因状语从句)
翻译 由于西方艺术的风格多种多样,要用短短的一篇课文来全面描述它们是不可能的。
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we will discuss it once again.
因为这个问题很有意义,所以我们将再讨论一次。
2.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.(while引导让步状语从句)
翻译 尽管早在达·芬奇时代,一些画家就使用油彩绘画,但伦勃朗(1606~1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰,他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点,但我也能看到他的缺点。
答案　1.As this question is of great significance
2.While I admit his merits
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Look at the following pictures and discuss which picture you like best.Why
A.The Scream　　　　　B.The Empire of Light
C.The Starry Night　　D.Lady with an Ermine
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答案　略
Ⅱ.Look at the following pictures and guess what forms of art they are.
A.　　　　　　　 B.　　　　　　　
C.　　　　　　　 D.　　　　　　　
答案　A.painting　B.paper-cutting　C.sculpture
D.opera
Ⅲ. Can you list some famous Western painters in ancient times
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答案　Leonardo da Vinci;Michelangelo Buonarroti;Vincent Willem van Gogh;Claude Monet;Raphael Sanzio
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ. What does the passage on Pages 2-3 mainly tell us
A.How religious paintings developed.
B.How oil paintings developed.
C.How Impressionist paintings developed.
D.How Western art developed.
答案　D
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and match the period with what influenced the painting style in the period.
(　　)1.The Middle Ages
(　　)2.The Renaissance
(　　)3.Impressionism
(　　)4.Modern Art
A.A more humanistic attitude to life.
B.Religious themes.
C.Cubism, a realistic but dream-like quality and abstract art.
D.The subjective impression of the scene.
答案　1~4　BADC
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and choose the best answers.
1.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to .
A.paint realistic scenes
B.convey the light and movement in the scene
C.adopt a more humanistic attitude to life
D.teach people about Christianity
2.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A.The Impressionists taught the modern artists how to draw things in perspective.
B.By learning modern art, the Impressionists began to look at their environment in new ways.
C.During the Middle Ages, the use of oil paints was very popular.
D.Renoir sought to show not only the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Da Vinci gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
B.People during the Renaissance liked paintings of themselves and paintings showing important historical events.
C.Western art developed slowly in the mid-19th century.
D.Oil paints were developed in the late 19th century to make the colours look richer and deeper.
答案　1~3　DDB
Step 3　后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 2-3.
Periods Themes Characteristics of the paintings
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) To represent 1. themes ·Full of religious symbols ·Showing 2. people in a real environment in the 3.century
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) To adopt a more 4.attitude to life ·5. was used as an important breakthrough ·Oil paints were also well developed
6. (late 19th to early 20th century) To find a new way of looking at their art ·Conveying the light and 7. in the scene—a subjective impression—but not a detailed record of the scene itself ·Full of light, shadow, colour, and 8.
9. (from the 20th century to today) To ask “What do we do next ” ·Analysing the shapes with Cubism ·Realistic but dream-like ·10.
答案　1.religious　2.real　3.13th　4.humanistic　5.Perspective　6.Impressionism　7.movement　8.life 9.Modern Art　10.Abstract
Ⅱ.Discussion.
1.What are the factors that have influenced the changes in Western painting styles
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答案　Industrial Revolution, World War, Humanism. (The answers vary.)
2.What is art
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答案　Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions.(The answers vary.)
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1.Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),and Raphael(1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
善分析 此句为复合句。Influential painters built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art 是(1)　　　　;that引导(2)　　　　　　　　　　,修饰先行词(3)　　　　　　　　　　　　　;动词不定式to produce...作(4)　　　　状语。
会翻译 (5)
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答案　(1)主句　(2)定语从句　(3)some of the greatest art　(4)目的 　(5)一些颇具影响力的画家,例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452~1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475~1564)和拉斐尔(1483~1520),在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展,创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
2. In this work,Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
善分析 此句是复合句。主句是(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;the scene gave him是省略了关系词(2)　　　　　　的定语从句,修饰(3)　　　　　　　　　　　　　。
会翻译 (4)
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答案　(1)Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene　(2)that/which　(3)the subjective impression　(4)在这幅作品中,莫奈的目的是表达场景中的光线和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是对场景本身的详细记录。
新知探究
核心素养
乔托·迪·邦多纳
乔托·迪·邦多纳(Giotto di Bondone),意大利画家、雕塑家和建筑师,被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。乔托的绘画作品突出人物和形象的自然性,他笔下的人物栩栩如生,有丰富的情感。乔托的艺术创作对意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术发展影响极大。
马　萨　乔
马萨乔 (Masaccio),意大利文艺复兴时期绘画的奠基人、先驱者,被称为“现实主义开荒者”。他的一生虽然短暂,但他在西方美术史上却占有重要的地位。他是第一位使用透视法的画家。
伦　勃　朗
　　伦勃朗(Rembrandt),荷兰历史上最伟大的画家,也是17世纪欧洲最伟大的艺术家之一,他擅画肖像、人物风俗、宗教历史题材画作。
克劳德·莫奈
克劳德·莫奈(Claude Monet),法国画家,西方绘画印象派的创始人和领袖,也是印象主义艺术大师中最具影响力的人物。莫奈擅长光与影的实验与表现技法。他最重要的风格是改变了阴影和轮廓线的画法,在莫奈的画作中看不到非常明确的阴影,也看不到突显或平涂式的轮廓线。光和影的色彩描绘是莫奈绘画的最大特色。
解析教材
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition.(1) As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.(2)
西方绘画艺术简史
什么是西方艺术 这很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格多种多样,要用短短的一篇课文来全面描述它们是不可能的。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
【助读点拨】
(1)“It is +adj.+动词不定式”为固定句型,意为“做某事是……的”,其中It是形式主语,后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。
(2)句中的第一个动词不定式短语to understand Western art作后置定语,修饰the best way;第二个动词不定式短语to look at...centuries作表语。
　　The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity(3).Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337).While his paintings still had religious themes(4),they showed real people in a real environment.In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
　　中世纪(5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪,西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教知识。因此,艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化,而且主体人物通常比其他人物大很多,以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267~1337)而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题,但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而在同时期的画作中显得特别突出。
【助读点拨】
(3)to teach people about Christianity为动词不定式作表语。
(4)while的意思是“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,相当于although/though。
　　The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428).Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen(5).
　　文艺复兴时期(14世纪到17世纪)
新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧思想和旧价值观。因此,画家较少关注宗教主题。他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401~1428)对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家,例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452~1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475~1564)和拉斐尔(1483~1520),在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展,创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
【助读点拨】
(5)that引导定语从句,修饰先行词art。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句的关系词只能用that。
　　Another innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology(6).Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at(7).
　　另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格,一些最好的油画看上去就像是照片。尽管早在达·芬奇时代,一些画家就使用油彩绘画,但伦勃朗(1606~1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰,他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
在题材上,重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的精准肖像画。其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后,大多数客户都想要看起来美丽、有趣的画作。
【助读点拨】
(6)动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰paintings。
(7)that引导定语从句,修饰先行词 paintings。
　　Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like(8).Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this, Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him(9)—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people.Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
　　印象主义画派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
西方艺术的发展速度减缓,直到19世纪中叶摄影术被发明出来。在那之后,人们不再需要用绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了。因此,画家们不得不寻找看待他们的艺术的新方式。由此,印象主义画派在法国应运而生。这个新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈(1840~1926)的一幅名为《印象·日出》的画作。在这幅作品中,莫奈的目的是表达场景中的光线和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是对场景本身的详细记录。
虽然许多印象主义画派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景,但是其他画家,如雷诺阿(1841~1919)则以人物为关注对象。与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同,雷诺阿的画作充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他寻求展示的不仅是他笔下人物的外在形象,还有他们内心的温暖和人性。
【助读点拨】
(8)what引导宾语从句,作动词preserve的宾语。
(9)此处为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句,修饰先行词impression。
　　Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way(10), with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”(11)
　　现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象主义画派之后,后来的艺术家开始问:“下一步我们该做什么 ”像毕加索(1881~1973)这样的画家试图用一种新的方法——立体主义——来分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人赋予他们的画一种现实但又梦幻般的特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实,而是提出一个问题:“什么是艺术 ”
【助读点拨】
(10)which引导定语从句,修饰先行词the shapes。
(11)what引导主语从句;show reality是省略to的动词不定式短语,因为主语从句中含有实义动词do,所以表语中的动词不定式符号to可以省略;but连接两个并列的成分。
核 心 单 词
知识点1　influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的 *influence n.影响(力) ;势力;有影响的人(事) vt.影响;对……起作用
(P2)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家,例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452~1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475~1564)和拉斐尔(1483~1520),在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展,创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
知识拓展
have an influence on/upon对……有影响
under the influence of在……的影响下
influence sb to do sth影响某人做某事
经典佳句
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。
A great leader is an ordinary person who has the courage to lead and to influence people to do good things!
一个伟大的领袖是一个有勇气带头并去影响人们做好事的普通人!
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)As everyone knows,no one can avoid (influence) by the experience of the past.
(2)The bad weather influenced them (finish) the task on time.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Most parents think that computer games 　　　　　　　　　　(对……有不良影响) their children.
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　(在……的影响下) a high school biology teacher,he took up the study of medicine.
答案　(1)being influenced　(2)to finish　(3)have a bad influence on　(4)Under the influence of
知识点2　reputation n.名声;声誉
(P2)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
尽管早在达·芬奇时代,一些画家就使用油彩绘画,但伦勃朗(1606~1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰,他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
知识拓展
have a reputation for... 因为……而著名
acquire/earn/enjoy a reputation 获得/赢得/享有声誉
ruin one's reputation 败坏某人的声誉
live up to one's reputation 名副其实;名不虚传
经典佳句
Dishonesty can result in a feeling of guilt, cause distrust among people and even ruin your reputation.
不诚实会导致内疚感,引起人们之间的不信任,甚至毁掉你的声誉。
易混辨析
reputation和fame的用法辨析:
reputation 可指好名声,也可指坏名声,强调人们心目中的印象。 have a good/bad reputation名声好/坏
fame 一般指好名声,强调较高的知名度。 rise/shoot to fame overnight一夜成名 achieve/win instant fame一举成名 fame and fortune名利
融会应用　单句写作
(1)Burns 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　being funny and pleasant to be around.
彭斯因为他的风趣和容易相处而名声在外。
(2)The service at this restaurant　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and we were well served.
这个餐馆的服务名不虚传,我们得到了很好的服务。
(3)That player cheated at the game, which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
那位选手在比赛时作弊了,这败坏了他的声誉。
答案　(1)had a reputation for　(2)lived up to its reputation　(3)ruined his reputation
知识点3　rank n.地位;级别;行列 v.把……分等级;使排成行
(P2)Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的精准肖像画。
知识拓展
senior/high/junior/low rank高/低级职位
the first rank一流
rank as... 列为……
rank with...与……并列
经典佳句
The book he wrote raised him to the first rank among the writers.
他写的那本书使他上升为一流作家。
It certainly doesn't rank as his greatest win.
这肯定算不上他最大的胜利。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Recently, the University of Baghdad 　　　　(rank) in the range from 801 to 1,000 on the list of best universities.
(2)We all rank him a first-class painter.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Our products 　　　　　　　　　　(名列第一) among similar products.
(4)This song by the famous singer is quite popular 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(各个阶层的人).
答案　(1)has been ranked　(2)as　(3)rank first　(4)with people of all ranks
知识点4　purchase vt.购买;采购 n.购买;采购;购买的东西
(P2)Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的精准肖像画。
知识拓展
purchase sth from...从……处购买某物
make a purchase 采购
经典佳句
You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier.
你可以从当地的供应商那里购买这种设备。
Are you going to make a purchase today
你今天要去采购吗
易混辨析
purchase和buy的用法辨析:
purchase 正式用词,指大宗购货或购买重要的东西;无感彩,强调物品的购得。 purchase a car买车 purchase a house买房
buy 普通用词,既可指日常随意购物,也可指大宗购货。 buy tickets买票 buy books买书
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)If you don't reduce your price, we won't purchase fresh fruit　　　　you any more.
(2)It is important to keep the sales receipt when you make　　　　purchase.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(3)老师们建议学校应该购买更多的电脑来满足学生们的需求。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)from　(2)a　(3)Teachers suggested that the schools (should) buy/purchase more computers to satisfy the needs of students.
知识点5　preserve vt.维护;保留;保存;保护 n.保护区 *preservation n.保护;维护;保留
(P3)After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
在那之后,人们不再需要用绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了。
知识拓展
preserve ... from ... 保护……免受……
preserve the dignity 维护尊严
preserve the environment 保护环境
preserve food 保存食物
经典佳句
The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food.
船上有专门的冷藏设备来保存食物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The society was set up to preserve endangered species extinction.
(2)At that time it was difficult to have one's body (preserve) after his or her death.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)I think these traditional customs 　　　　　　　　　　　(应该受到保护).
(4)No one could 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(保护他免受) such a fate.
(5)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(保存得很完好).
答案　(1)from　(2)preserved　(3)should be preserved　(4)preserve him from　(5)is well preserved
知识点6　emerge vi.& vt.出现;浮现;暴露 *emergence n.出现;兴起 *emergent adj.新兴的
(P3)From this, Impressionism emerged in France.
由此,印象主义画派在法国应运而生。
知识拓展
emerge from (从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;浮现;露出
emerge as... 作为……出现
经典佳句
He emerged as a key figure in the campaign.
他是这次运动中的关键人物。
This process is similar to the emergence of flying drones.
这个过程类似于无人机的出现。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The rain stopped and the sun emerged behind the clouds.
(2)Bioengineering is an (emerge) branch of learning.
(3)The 1960s saw the (emerge) of many new nations.
答案　(1)from　(2)emergent　(3)emergence
知识点7　convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等) ;传送
(P3)In this work,Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品中,莫奈的目的是表达场景中的光线和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是对场景本身的详细记录。
知识拓展
convey one's feelings 表达某人的情感
convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某种思想、感情等
convey sb/sth from...to... 把某人/某物从……运送到……
经典佳句
Please convey my apologies to your wife.
请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。
Trucks convey coal from mines to various cities and towns.
卡车把煤从矿井运往各个城镇。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The police asked the driver to convey the passengers 　　　　　　 the spot　　　　　　the destination safely.
(2)Teachers must know how　　　　　　(convey) their ideas to students.
(3)The officer ordered that the necessities　　　　　　(convey) immediately to the quake-hit areas.
答案　(1)from;to　(2)to convey　(3)(should) be conveyed
知识点8　seek v.(sought;sought)寻找;探索;寻求
(P3)He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他寻求展示的不仅是他笔下人物的外在形象,还有他们内心的温暖和人性。
知识拓展
seek for/after 寻求/追求
seek into 仔细检查
seek out 找出
seek to do sth 试图做某事
经典佳句
We sought long and hard but found no answer.
我们进行了长期而又艰苦的探索,但没有找到答案。
Journalists never tell lies, and always seek for the truth.
记者从不说谎, 而且总是寻求真相。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They are urgently seeking 　　　　the post where they are well paid.
(2)Corbett resolved to seek the truth.
(3)(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days, they finally found one.
(4)Local schools are seeking (reduce) the dropout rate.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)She is so independent that she never　　　　　　　　　　　　　　even when she is in great trouble.
她十分独立,即使遇到很大的困难也从不向别人求助。
答案　(1)for/after　(2)out　(3)Having sought　(4)to reduce　(5)seeks help from others
短 语 句 式
知识点9　in particular尤其;特别
(P2)In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
尤其是他的画作因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而在同时期的画作中显得特别突出。
知识拓展
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
经典佳句
One player in particular deserves a mention.
有一名运动员特别值得一提。
She is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.
她对家务活太挑剔了, 以至于佣人们不愿给她干活。
名师点拨
in particular相当于particularly/especially,但两者在句中的位置不同。
He loves reading, science fictions in particular.
=He loves reading, especially/particularly science fictions.
他喜欢阅读,尤其是科幻小说。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The boy likes anything to do with nature particular.
(2)We are (particular) grateful to him for his timely help.
(3)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too particular her job.
答案　(1)in　(2)particularly　(3)about
知识点10　set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
(P2)In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
尤其是他的画作因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而在同时期的画作中显得特别突出。
知识拓展
set off 出发;动身;引起;使爆炸
set down 写下;记下
set aside 把……放在一边;留出
set up 建立;成立;创建
be set in 以……为背景
set out (to do sth)=set about (doing sth)开始/着手(做某事)
经典佳句
What sets it apart from hundreds of similar small French towns is the huge factory.
与数百个类似的法国小镇不同的是,它拥有巨大的工厂。
The lecturers must set aside certain times every week when they're available for students.
讲师必须每周留出特定的时间给学生。
融会应用　用set 的相关短语填空
(1)Little Tom and his father　　　　　　　for America last week.
(2)The film a town which is now part of Jiangsu Province.
(3)She　　　　　　　to prepare breakfast for her family at five yesterday morning.
(4)Some doctors advise　　　　　　　 　　　a certain hour each day for exercise.
(5)After supper, Mary will　　　　　　　　　putting away the chopsticks and bowls.
答案　(1)set off　(2)was set in　(3)set out　(4)setting aside　(5)set about
知识点11　as a result结果;因此
(P2)As a result,painters concentrated less on religious themes.
因此,画家较少关注宗教主题。
知识拓展
as a result of 因为;由于;作为……的结果
result in导致
result from 由于
经典佳句
I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result,I have made progress in my studies.
我经常向我的同班同学或老师求助。因此,我在学习上取得了进步。
Carelessness in driving often results in disastrous accidents.
驾驶不慎经常导致灾难性的事故。
融会应用　一句多译
市民忽视了环境保护。结果,造成了许多严重的后果。
(1)Citizens ignored environmental protection.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)Citizens' ignorance of protecting the environment
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)A lot of severe consequences
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(4)A lot of severe consequences were caused
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)As a result, a lot of severe consequences were caused　(2)resulted in a lot of severe consequences　(3)resulted from citizens' ignorance of protecting the environment　(4)as a result of citizens' ignorance of protecting the environment
知识点12　turn to 转身;求助于;致力于;翻到;转向
(P3)Still others turned to abstract art.
还有一些人转向抽象艺术。
知识拓展
turn to sb for help向某人求助
turn out 结果是;证明是;生产;制造;出席;参加
take turns to do.../in doing...轮流做……
in turn 依次;逐个
by turns 轮流;交替
经典佳句
When in trouble,you should turn to your parents for help.
当你有麻烦的时候,你应该向你的父母求助。
The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals.
女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思
(1)He was the one I always turned to for strength
and security. 　　　　　　　
(2)If you turn to Page 40,you will find it. 　　　　　　　
(3)More and more people turn to computer science. 　　　　　　　
(4)She turned to me and told me not to lose faith. 　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.用turn的相关短语填空
(5)The weather was mild and rainy 　　　　　　　throughout the week.
(6)Thousands of people 　　　　　　　　to watch yesterday's match against Ireland.
(7)We are at your service.Don't hesitate to　　　　　　　 us if you have any further problems.
(8)He asked each of us 　　　　　　　　to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
答案　(1)求助于　(2)翻到　(3)致力于　(4)转向　(5)by turns　(6)turned out　(7)turn to　(8)in turn
知识点13　as引导原因状语从句
(P2)As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
由于西方艺术的风格多种多样,要用短短的一篇课文来全面描述它们是不可能的。
知识拓展
句中As there have been so many different styles of Western art是as引导的原因状语从句。
as引导的从句类型:
(1)引导原因状语从句,意为“因为;由于”;
(2)引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”;
(3)引导方式状语从句,意为“按照;正如”,从句通常置于主句之后;
(4)引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”,从句通常要倒装(将从句的表语、状语或主要动词前置,如果表语前有冠词,则去掉);
(5)引导定语从句,意为“正如;和……一样”。
As you weren't there,I left a message.
因为你不在那里,所以我留言了。
I watched her as she combed her hair.
当她梳头的时候,我看着她。
If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turn into a huge dustbin.
如果去仙女湖公园的所有游客都像这对夫妇那样做,那么仙女湖会被严重污染,而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子,但是他知道的东西很多。
As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
正如我们所知,了解校园外的世界对于学生来说是很重要的。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　, he has travelled to many countries.
尽管他很年轻,但他已经到过许多国家旅行。
(2)They sang songs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们一边做农活一边唱歌。
(3)When in Rome,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
入乡随俗。
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　,the earth goes around the sun.
众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　　, I gave the books to your mother.
因为你不在家,所以我把书给了你妈妈。
答案　(1)Young as he is　(2)as they were doing farm work　(3)do as the Romans do
(4)As is known to all　(5)As you were not at home
知识点14　while引导让步状语从句
(P2)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
尽管早在达·芬奇时代,一些画家就使用油彩绘画,但伦勃朗(1606~1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰,他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。
知识拓展
句中While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil是while引导的让步状语从句。
(1)while引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然;尽管”,一般放在句首,相当于although/though。
(2)while引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”,与延续性动词连用。
(3)while作并列连词时,意为“然而”,表示一种对比关系,一般不能放在句首。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生,但是他对他们很严格。
I saw Jake the other day while I was shopping in the supermarket.
前几天我在超市买东西的时候看到杰克了。
Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.
某些药品很容易溶于血液,而有些则不行。
名师点拨
while和but均可作并列连词,表示转折。但两者有所不同,while表示对比, but表示转折;当两个句子的主语相同时应用but表示转折,而不用while。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression what you say just 7 percent.
(2) the students came from different countries, they got along quite well at the summer camp.
(3)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you (try) to get work done.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(4)Travelling can broaden your mind, but it's not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　,
it's not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.(while引导让步状语从句)
答案　(1)while　(2)While/Although/Though　(3)are trying　(4)While travelling can broaden your mind
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I can't come tonight, I'm going to the concert performed by a well-known band.
2.Don't be too particular what you eat and wear; pay more attention to your studies and work.
3.They set up an (influence) committee to advise workers on how to economize on food.
4.We asked her to come to our party, but she (decline).
5.He was presented with a check in (recognise) of his forty years' service to the company.
6.“Really ” I said, trying (convey) that it did not really matter.
7.The ceremonial opening of the (exhibit) was very spectacular.
答案　1.as/because/for 　2.about 　3.influential　4.declined　5.recognition　6.to convey　7.exhibition
Ⅱ.选词填空
no longer; in particular; be fond of; focus on; set apart from; turn to; as a result; as early as
1.For reasons he could not explain he was made to 　　　　　　　　the other boys.
2.We should pay attention to our behaviour, in formal situations 　　　　　　　　.
3.　　　　　　　　 the fifth century BC, someone declared that the earth was a sphere.
4.My grandparents 　　　　　　　　the atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.
5.In pursuing a dream, we might 　　　　　　　　only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives.
6.No matter when Miss Smith was in real trouble, she always 　　　　　　　　Jack for help.
7.Many customs and traditional ways of behaviour are 　　　　　　　　relevant to the modern life.
8.People have better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer　.
答案　1.set apart from　2.in particular　3.As early as　4.are fond of　5.focus on　6.turned to　7.no longer　8.as a result
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Let's take a look at the brief history of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages, the aim of Western art was 1.(teach) people about Christianity, 2.artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.
During the Renaissance, new ideas and values 3.(gradual) replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.The artists began to concentrate less on 4.(religion) themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude 5.life.One important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective, and another innovation was the use of oil paints.Because of them, some of the best oil 6.(painting) look like photographs.
In the mid-19th century, Western art developed slowly until the invention of photography.Painters had to find 7.new way of looking at their art.From this, Impressionism 8.(emerge) in France.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others focused on people.
　　After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask what to do next.Painters tried to analyse the shapes 9.(exist) in the natural world but in a new way.Meanwhile, some turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show 10.(real), but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
答案　1.to teach　2.so　3.gradually　4.religious　5.to/towards　6.paintings　7.a　8.emerged　9.existing　10.reality
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·浙江1月) In the summer　　　　particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
2. (2022·新高考I)“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not 　　　　(purchase) more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
3. (2022·北京)One Monday morning,　　　　　the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)We require one chaperone(监护人) per ten children.Failure to provide enough chaperones will resultan extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to seta Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).
6.(2022·浙江1月)Always be looking for a new way (gain) back an hour here or there.
答案　1.in　2.purchasing　3.while　4.in　5.up　6.to gain
2