牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
高中英语 必修（第三册）
Unit 1 Nature in the balance
Grammar and usage
Ellipsis[ l ps s]
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. learn about the functions of ellipsis;
2. summarize the general rules of ellipsis;
3. apply the rules of ellipsis in the new context.
Learning aims
简洁的语言是智慧的灵魂，冗长的语言则是肤浅的藻饰。 ——莎士比亚
删繁就简三秋树，领异标新二月花。
——清 郑板桥
世界上最好的著作差不多也就是文字清浅简练的著作。 ——老舍
Lead-in
Have you ever watched any TV programmes about environmental protection What was it about
Yes. It was about air pollution./It was about the extinction of rare animals./It was about global warming …
Lead-in
1. What is the documentary about
2. How did Jack feel when watching the documentary
3. What do the leading experts suggest doing to solve the environmental problems
Exploring the rules
2. He felt worried when watching the documentary.
Exploring the rules
1. It’s about environmental protection./It’s about some of the worst environmental problems we are facing today.
3. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
Exploring the rules
1. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental
protection on TV yesterday).
2. You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3. I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5. ( ) Got any idea
6. ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
Write down the words that have been left out of the sentences in Part A below the conversation.
We sometimes use ellipisis to avoid (1)
(stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning
is clear.
We can use ellipsis:
in short responses(Yes,I didn’t);
in infinitives（不定式）(I didn’t want to);
after some conjunctions like if, when and while、where、than(if necessary/when singing/where comfortable/than ever);
in clauses with the same pattern and the same verb;
at the beginning of a sentence in (2)
(informal/formal) speech.
Working out the rules
repeating
informal
运用省略手法，可以避免重复，使句子简练。常见的省略现象有以下几种：
1.在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语+动词。例如：　
(Are you) Ready
2.在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。例如：
—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn’t (go to the museum yesterday)
Working out the rules
Notes
3.在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。例如：
(1) Peter entered the classroom and (Peter) sat at his desk.
(2) I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing.
(3) What I said made Jack happy but (what I said made)
Jane angry.
Working out the rules
4.从属连词when、where、if、than等后常用省略结构。例如：
(1) You should be careful when (you are) crossing the
road.
(2) You need to make improvements where (it is)
necessary.
(3) Please call me back if (it is) possible.
(4) I love English more than (I) ever (loved English).
Working out the rules
5.不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，常省略to后面的内容。例如：
(1) You don’t have to do it if you don’t want to (do it).
(2) You’d better not take medicine unless your doctor
told you to (take medicine).
如果不定式后接be动词或动词的完成式，省略句中往往保留be或have。例如：
(1) I am busier now than I used to be (busy).
(2) —Has Mike finished his project
—He seems to have (finished his project).
Working out the rules
Ellipsis means the act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately（故意地）. We can use ellipsis when the meaning can still be understood without using a word or certain words. In other words, ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat some words or phrases whose meaning is obvious. Using ellipsis is an efficient way to make sentences concise（简洁的）.
What is ellipsis
When can we use ellipsis
What’s the function of ellipsis
Working out the rules
Summary
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like to.
2. Cows live on land, and fish in the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
5. When taking photos of wildlife, we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
Applying the rules
Finish B1 on Page 7. Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
Applying the rules
Read the short passage in B2 on Page 7 and put brackets around the words that can be left out.
Applying the rules
Last weekend, I took part in a forest clean-up activity. It was organized by GreenHope, an organization devoted to protecting forests. At first I didn’t want to (take part in the forest clean-up activity), but then I thought, “What if nobody goes ” Our team leader, Joe, took us to a forest outside the city. I was sad to see litter everywhere. There was a “No littering (is allowed here)” sign at the entrance to the forest, but that didn’t stop people from throwing their rubbish on the ground. Joe divided us into two groups: one group cleaned up the north side of the forest, and the other (group) (cleaned up)
省略动词不定式to后面的内容
非正式场合，省略谓语和状语
并列句中，省略重复的主谓
Applying the rules
the south side (of the forest). We worked for several hours and (we) were happy to see (that) the forest looked cleaner than (it had looked) before. It was absolutely worth our effort! There’ll be another clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. You can find Joe and sign up if (you’re) willing to help. Everyone who takes part in the activity will receive a medal. I’ll join you too if I have time.
并列句中，省略重复的成分
并列句中，省略重复的主语
复合句中，省略关系代词
从属连词than后省略主谓
从属连词if后省略主谓
Applying the rules
Continue Jack and Henry’s conversation on designing a brochure about protecting the environment by using ellipsis where possible.
Jack: Hi, Henry! Got any good ideas about the brochure
Henry: Yes. How about using some pictures and slogans
Jack: Sounds great! I can download some while surfing the Internet after school.
Henry: OK. E-mail me if you find any and let me take charge of the rest.
Jack: Got it! Let’s meet tomorrow afternoon to put it together.
Applying the rules
Answers
Jack: Hi, Henry! (Have you) Got any good ideas about the brochure
Henry: Yes. How about (you are) using some pictures and slogans
Jack: (That/It) Sounds great! I can download some (pictures and slogans) while (I am) surfing the Internet after school.
Henry: OK. E-mail me if you find any (pictures and slogans) and let me take charge of the rest (of the pictures and slogans) .
Jack: (I have) Got it! Let’s meet tomorrow afternoon to put it together.
Applying the rules
Sample answers:
1. Drive less, and we will have a greener world.
2. When building cities, use green energy.
Describe the pictures of B3 on Page 7 with the help of the example.
Consolidation
Fill in the blanks by using ellipsis.
1. Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not (handle) properly, may lead to serious problems.
2. I’d like to invite you to the coming party, which will take
place on the second floor of the dining hall as
(expect)
3. You may have finished your homework. If , you can
go on to play football.
handled
expected
so
(they are) not handled
(it was) expected
（you have finished your homework）
4. —Is he coming back tonight
—I think .
5. When (arrive), send me a telegram.
6. Don’t come in until (ask) to.
7. You should let us know the result .(尽快)
8. There are few people nowadays, (如果有), who remember him.
asked
as soon as possible
if any
so
arriving
Consolidation
（he is coming back tonight.）
(you are) arriving
(you are) asked
(it is) possible
if (there is) any
Have you ever dreamed of __1__(fly) through the air like a bird If activities like water skiing or jet skiing(水上摩托) sound like your idea of summer fun, now you can try flyboarding，__2__ new water sport that is catching on around the world. Flyboarding makes use of the __3__(power) engine of a jet ski to push water through an industrial hose (软管) __4__ (connect) to a board. The user fastens his or her feet onto the board and the force of the water pushes it into the air above the water. Balance, shifting the board and body are methods used __5__ (control) direction, allowing users to either move above the water __6__ dive below.
flying
a
powerful
connected
to control
or
Practice
The pressure of the water is typically controlled by an instructor, and depending __7 __ how much is used through the hose, users can go anywhere from 5 to 35 feet in the air. A quick training period before your flight __8 __(provide)，but some companies even communicate with you through a headset during your flight for extra guidance.Flyboarding is __9 __ (general) considered safe, but height, weight and age restrictions vary across the country, so __ (being) sure to check ahead of time if you're planning an adventure.
on/upon
is provided
generally
be
Homework
1. Write a short passage using ellipsis where necessary.
2. Finish the workbook.
谢 谢