2024届高三英语一轮复习主谓一致课件(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
主谓一致
一、主谓一致及其意义
英语句子的主要组成部分是主语和谓语, 其中谓语动词是其核心。谓语动词在人称和数上要跟主语保持一致, 即主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则：
（一）语法一致原则,即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。如：
She is a clever girl.
We come from Dongying.
He goes to school on foot every day.
一、主谓一致及其意义
（二）概念一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表达的概念。如：
My family are all well.
Bread and milk are both good for our health.
（三）就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither we nor she comes on time.
(四) 动名词、动词不定时或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes.
To give is better than to receive.
That they didn’t go there is a pity. （一般用it 作形式主语）
（五） 表示时间、金钱、度量、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
Two months is quite a long time。
Five dollars isn’t enough to pay for the book.
Five thousand kilometers is a long way.
一、谓语动词用单数
(六) 用and 连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数; 表示同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Jim and Lily have visited the Great Wall of China.
My classmate and friend lives in Shandong province.
The speaker and writer is going to give us a talk tomorrow.
A fork and knife is on the table.
（七）用and 连接的单数主语前有each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Each student and each teacher is going to see the film.
No food and no water is in the house.
一、谓语动词用单数
(八)表示计算时,谓语动词用单数。如：
Seven plus eight is fifteen.
Twenty minus three is seventeen.
Forty divided by eighty is two.
(九)none of 跟可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数；most of，half of，some of，a lot of，part of，the rest of或分数等作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词、代词的数保持一致。如：
None of us has/have heard from them.
Some of the workers are making machines.
Two thirds of the teachers are women.
一、谓语动词用单数
(十一)有些名词如people，police，public（民众），cattle（牛，牲畜）等形式上是单数，意义上却是复数，故谓语动词用复数形式；而有些名词，如politics，maths，physics，news等形式上是复数，实为单数或不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数。如：
Maths is more difficult than Chinese.
The police are searching for the robber.
No news is good news.
一、谓语动词用单数
(十二)主语后跟有with，together with，but，except，as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。如：
Nobody but the twins knows it.
The mother with her two children is playing.
She as well as I is a woman teacher.
(十三)“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.
The number of the boys is 30.
一、谓语动词用单数
1.谓语动词用单数
动词不定式、动名词、从句、不定代词/由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词（anything, ether, no one, neither等）
The number of +名词复数
one and a half +复数名词
第三人称单数，不可数名词（如：money, information等）
（十四）trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes等做主语时,谓语动词用复数; 但如果其前面有a /this pair of, a suit of, pairs/suits of 等量词,则往往跟pair等的数一致。如：
This pair of glasses is Kate’s.
My shoes are under the bed.
Some pairs of trousers have been sold out.
（十五）有些形容词，如old，young，poor，rich，dead，strong等，在前面加定冠词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The old are taken good care of here.
The rich should help the poor all the time.
一、谓语动词用复数
（十六）trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes等做主语时,谓语动词用复数; 但如果其前面有a /this pair of, a suit of, pairs/suits of 等量词,则往往跟pair等的数一致。如：
This pair of glasses is Kate’s.
My shoes are under the bed.
Some pairs of trousers have been sold out.
（十七）有些形容词，如old，young，poor，rich，dead，strong等，在前面加定冠词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The old are taken good care of here.
The rich should help the poor all the time.
一、谓语动词用复数
2.谓语动词用复数
由and和both…and连接的两个名词作主语，不论名词是可数/不可数
成对的名词（如：trousers, shoes, socks, glasses等）
several, both, few, many等
a number of +名词复数
语法一致
(十八)由并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接两个主语时,谓语动词采取与就近的主语相一致的原则。如:
Either you or he is right.
Not only we but also she likes English.
Not you but I have been there.
（十九）There be 句型中谓语动词与离它最近的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。如：
There is a boy and some girls over there.
=There’re some girls and a boy over there.
一、谓语动词用单、复数
(二十) 单复数相同的词如:sheep，Chinese，deer，fish，Japanese等作主语时，谓语动词要看具体情况决定用单数或复数。如：
Many Chinese are watching the match.
There is a little sheep on the hill.
一、谓语动词用单、复数
3.谓语动词用单/复数
A lot of, lots of, plenty of, most of +名词，谓语动词取决于of后的名词
例：A lot of people like to go to the park.
分数、百分数作主语，谓语动词取决于of后的名词
例：Twenty percent of the students are from China.
Two thirds of the water is from sea.
All单独做主语（表人时，谓语动词用复数；表物时，谓语动词用单数）
例：All are going to have a rest.
All is well that ends well.结果好，一切都好。
语法一致
谓语动词用单数
谓语动词用复数
时间， 金钱， 长度， 重量， 体积， 距离作主语
and连接的两个主语表示同一概念
例：The singer and dancer is my brother.
主语表示事务的总称且无生命（如clothing, fruit等）
表示事务的总称且有生命（people，police）
The + 姓氏复数，表示一家人（The Smiths, The Blacks等）
The +形容词，表示一类人
（the rich-富人们；the old-老人们）
意义一致
集合名词：family, team, class, company, government, group等
表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数
My family is a one with four people.
表示集体中的成员。谓语动词用复数
My family all like to read books.
单数/复数
就
近
原
则
either…or… 或者…或者…
not…but… 不是…而是…
not only…but also…不仅…而且…
there be … 有…
neither…nor…既不…也不…
就近原则——谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致
Thank you!