人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Work the Land 一轮复习练案 3 （含答案）

编号：X1U5练案3
B
Wildlife biologist Purnima Devi Barman remembers the first time she ever saw the nest of a greater adjutant stork (秃鹳) in a tree near her grandmother’s home. Her grandmother would tell her stories about birds and animals under the tree. The love for the natural world developed in those years led Barman to devote her life to saving the endangered greater adjutant stork.
Known as the Hargila in Assam, the greater adjutant stork is the second-rarest stork in the world. Unlike pandas or lions, whose attractive appearances help gain widespread support for their protection, these tall, bald, clumsy birds meet with bias in conservation campaigns.
“Hargilas also bear a reputation of bringing bad luck,” says Barman. “What was the point of writing my paper on them if there was no way of actually saving these birds I had to start with changing the misconception.”
Not one to shy away from a challenge, Barman put her PhD on hold and set to work. “I started engaging with the women in the village. In our experience, educating and securing the participation of women ensures that the learning passes on to the next generation,” Barman says.
Today, around 400 women have been trained to work on conserving this rare bird. The group’s activities include awareness-building in schools and plantation drives in which 45,000 trees were planted to support the stork’s future populations.
A key component allowing Barman to successfully integrate conservation efforts into the village cultural life was her idea of building related livelihoods. Weaving (纺织) is a long-standing craft in Assam, so Barman created a self-help group employing women to weave stork patterns on textiles. This innovative idea was highlighted at the UN Champion of the Earth Awards she won in 2022.
Currently the number of greater adjutant nests in Assam’s Kamrup district has grown from 28 in 2010 to more than 250. The once unlucky stork is now a symbol of community pride, its pictures appearing on bags, blankets and celebration decorations.
24. What motivated Barman to save the greater adjutant stork
A. Her interest in observing nests.
B. Her passion for doing research.
C. Her love for nature from childhood.
D. Her grandmother’s encouragement.
25. What does the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Prejudice. B. Support.
C. Danger. D. Success.
26. What was a major challenge Barman faced in conserving the greater adjutant stork
A. The stork is common in appearance.
B. The stork was believed to be unlucky.
C. She had not finished her paper for PhD.
D. She lacked experience in wildlife conservation.
27. How did Barman make conservation efforts part of the village cultural life
A. By creating related jobs.
B. By teaching women to weave.
C. By planting trees in the village.
D. By advertising local products.
C
It’s natural that people want to use the latest innovations to better themselves. Smart devices can truly do incredible things and help to simplify our day. They can also enhance our perceptions, arm us with knowledge, and open up a world of new possibilities. A few people have even decided to make the leap and transform themselves to become cyborgs.
Cyborg is a term used to describe a being that is half human and half machine. This may sound like something out of science-fiction films, but some people have already adopted this lifestyle. One is artist Neil Harbisson. He was born completely color-blind, and could only see black and white images. It seemed that he would never experience colors. After attending a cybemetics (神经机械学) talk in college, he met an inventor who agreed to make a special device for him. They designed an eyeborg, a mechanical eye that converted colors into sound frequencies. This enabled Harbisson to hear colors and perceive the world in a different way. He started going to museums to “hear”classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk down a grocery store filled with colorful products produces some catchy tunes (动听的曲调), Harbisson loves his eyeborg so much that he rarely takes it off. He now gives talks urging others to consider adding their own mechanical improvements.
British scientist Kevin Warwick conducted his own experiment in 1998. He implanted a chip inside of his arm, which he used to control lights and other appliances at home. He later expanded the project by placing electrodes inside his nervous system and linking it to the Internet. This allowed him to control external objects including robotic arms and loudspeakers. His work remains influential as this example of extended sensory input was the first of its kind.
If you’re interested in becoming a cyborg and you’re willing a good place to start, it might be with a pair of Google Glass. Users wear it like ordinary eyeglasses. Using voice commands you can have it take pictures of what you see, see directions right in front of you, or translate your voice into other languages. Hopefully this experience will help you decide whether becoming a cyborg is right for you, or if you’re content to remain a human like the rest of us.
28．What can we know about the eyeborg from Paragraph 2
A．It is a machine which is half human eye and half machine.
B．It is a device that converts hearings into colors for color-blind.
C．It makes the color-blind perceive colors by hearing sound frequencies.
D．It enables the color-blind to identify colors by creating classic paintings.
29．How is the passage developed
A．By comparison. B．By classification.
C．By giving examples. D．By listing data.
30．What is probably the author’s attitude to the experience of being a cyborg
A．Positive. B．Skeptical.
C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.
31．What is the passage mainly about
A．Why do cyborgs make our world colorful
B．Why do many people want to have eyeborgs
C．How does innovative technology improve people’s lives
D．How does technology promote the development of cyborgs
D
Have you ever found that you were able to sleep better with an air conditioner or fan running or perhaps with the sound of rain falling outside If so, then you’re already familiar with white noise.
White noise refers to a noise that has a mixture of all the audible (听得见的) frequencies that the human ear can detect. It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects.
Studies have found that listening to white noise positively affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room. However, more research is needed to confirm whether the characteristics of white noise itself improve sleep or whether the sound primarily helps by covering background noise.
However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid. They also note that in some instances, white noise can disturb a person’s sleep and may affect their hearing.
Despite that, researchers are still optimistic that the steady hum of white noise might reduce a sleeper’s sensitivity to unpredictable noises from the environment, such as transportation sounds like cars and planes, which are considered a major contributor to poor sleep.
32. Why does white noise have calming effects
A. It can absorb other noises.
B. It can help people sleep better.
C. It can be detected by human ears.
D. It can cover the sounds of other noises.
33. How does the author explain the benefits of white noise
A. By giving examples.
B. By telling stories.
C. By asking questions.
D. By making comparisons.
34. Which statement may researchers agree with according to the last two paragraphs
A. White noise should be strongly recommended as a sleep aid.
B. Harmful effects of white noise have become a major concern.
C. Poor sleep will make people sensitive to the unpredictable noises.
D. More researches are needed to confirm the effect of white noise on sleep.
35. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. How Does White Noise Work
B. Is White Noise Harmful in Any Way
C. Does White Noise Help You Sleep
D. What Are the Benefits of White Noise
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a world that often feels fast-paced and restrained to routines, the desire for van(房车) life and mobile living has captured the hearts of many seeking an alternative lifestyle. 36 From the freedom to explore new horizons to fostering a minimalist mindset, here are some captivating advantages of embracing van life.
Liberation from Materialism
The confined space of a van encourages a minimalist lifestyle, where experiences are valued over possessions. 37 With minimal monthly expenses, such as parking fees and fuel costs, van dwellers can allocate resources to experiences rather than high rent or house payments. This mobile living is supported by the degrowth movement, which believes that economies should focus on securing the minimal basic needs instead of consumption and consumerism.
Exploration and Flexibility
The ability to follow adventure wherever it takes you is one of the most amazing aspects of living in a van. You can choose to wake up at dawn over the ocean one day and find yourself in a forested mountainside the next. Living in a van frequently involves being close to the outdoors surrounded by the beauty of nature. 38
Minimal Ecological Footprint
39 They adopt solar panels and efficient water systems, further minimizing their impact on the environment. People who choose to live in mobile homes believe that eventually, global warming and extreme weather might bring an end to sedentary(定居的) living patterns.
Through the open road, the beauty of nature, and the friendship of fellow adventurers, van life presents a unique avenue for enriching the human experience. 40
A. It's thrilling to travel the world.
B. Many van lifers tend to go green.
C. Living in a van can often be more cost-effective.
D. They'll find a sense of freedom of constant exploration.
E. The natural world becomes an essential part of your daily life
F. Better yet, it offers a way to reconnect with the essence of living.
G. The concept of van life offers benefits beyond just a change of scenery.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Nasrudin was walking near his home, he saw a man sitting dispiritedly at the side of the road. He went to him and asked what 41 him.
“There is 42 interesting in life.” said the man, “I have 43 money so that I don’t have to work, and I am only on this trip to 44 something more interesting and entertaining than the life I have at home. 45 I haven’t found it!”
Without another word, Nasrudin 46 the traveler’s backpack and ran away like a 47 . Since he knew the area, he 48 surpassed the man.
The road curved(弯曲), and Nasrudin cut across several switchbacks(岔道), with the 49 that he was soon back on the road, well ahead of the man he had just 50 .
He put the backpack on the roadside and waited for the distressed traveler to 51 .
Presently, the miserable man appeared, following the 52 road, much unhappier than ever because of his loss.
As soon as he saw his 53 lying there, by the side of the road, he ran towards it, shouting with joy.
“That’s one way of producing 54 ,” said Nasrudin.
Happiness sometimes is 55 to get, but sometimes it’s so simple. Maybe it’s just a moment within reach.
41．A．troubled B．abused C．surprised D．accused
42．A．something B．nobody C．someone D．nothing
43．A．little B．sufficient C．blank D．more
44．A．choose B．abandon C．seek D．create
45．A．In all B．As well C．So far D．After all
46．A．reached B．carried C．selected D．grabbed
47．A．rat B．rabbit C．bird D．fox
48．A．easily B．slowly C．suddenly D．difficultly
49．A．help B．mercy C．hope D．result
50．A．stolen B．robbed C．cheated D．treated
51．A．turn out B．show off C．show up D．fall away
52．A．straight B．winding C．narrow D．wide
53．A．property B．money C．clothes D．suitcase
54．A．pain B．surprise C．happiness D．confusion
55．A．hard B．possible C．easy D．random
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
China has scaled up policy to protect and restore the environment around the Yangtze River, putting in place measures to treat industrial and agricultural pollutants and 56 (protect) grasslands and wetlands.
A policy document 57 (joint) released by 17 central government departments promises to prioritize effort and adopt a 58 (comprehension) way of conserving the Yangtze River Basin area. The policy document follows a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze enacted by the government in 2020 in response to 59 (decline) biodiversity.
Despite improvements to the Yangtze’s water quality, the rise of non-point source pollution 60 (emerge) as a major problem in recent years. The document stresses the need for a systemic approach, 61 will require the establishment of long-term mechanisms to prevent the return of polluted water bodies.
The treatment of pollution is another priority, as the government looks to install tighter controls over pollutants discharged by chemical factories and promote 62 (high) efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
63 (restore) the diversity of aquatic life in the Yangtze, the document says that the country will establish a monitoring system for endangered animals and make 64 action plan to save them and that more work 65 (do) to enhance the connectivity of rivers.
B篇 CABA
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了野生生物学家Purnima Devi Barman拯救濒危大秃鹳的故事。
24. C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The love for the natural world developed in those years led Barman to devote her life to saving the endangered greater adjutant stork.”可知，对自然界的热爱促使Barman毕生致力于拯救濒危大秃鹳的事业。故选C。
25. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线单词所在句“Unlike pandas or lions, whose attractive appearances help gain widespread support for their protection, these tall, bald, clumsy birds meet with bias in conservation campaigns.”可知，熊猫或狮子迷人的外表有助于它们获得广泛的支持，与此形成对比的是，这些高大、秃顶、笨拙的鸟类在保护运动中会遇到偏见。由语境可推知，bias表示“偏见”，和prejudice意思相同。故选A。
26. B 细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是第一句“Hargilas also bear a reputation of bringing bad luck”可推知，Barman在试图拯救和保护大秃鹳的过程中，遇到的最大障碍就是，人们认为大秃鹳是一种不吉利的鸟类。故选B。
27. A 细节理解题。通读倒数第二段可知，Barman成功地将保护大秃鹳的工作融入村庄文化生活，她成立了一个自助团体，雇佣女性在纺织品上编织鹳图案。故选A。
C篇 CCAC
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述智能设备改善了人们的生活，一些人甚至变成了半机械人。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They designed an eyeborg, a mechanical eye that converted colors into sound frequencies. This enabled Harbisson to hear colors and perceive the world in a different way. (他们设计了一种能将颜色转换成声音频率的机械眼。这使Harbisson能够以不同的方式听到颜色和感知世界)”可知，机械眼能将颜色转化为声音频率，使色盲通过听到声音频率来感知颜色，故选C。
29．推理判断题。第一段“A few people have even decided to make the leap and transform themselves to become cyborgs. (一些人甚至决定迈出这一步，把自己变成半机械人)”提到一些人把自己变成半机械人，接着第二段中“One is artist Neil Harbisson. (其中一位是艺术家Neil Harbisson)”和第三段中“British scientist Kevin Warwick conducted his own experiment in 1998. He implanted a chip inside of his arm, which he used to control lights and other appliances at home. (英国科学家Kevin Warwick在1998年进行了自己的实验。他在手臂里植入了一个芯片，用来控制家里的灯和其他电器)”分别举例说明，故本文是通过举例子而展开论述，故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据文章首句“It’s natural that people want to use the latest innovations to better themselves.(人们想要利用最新的创新来改善自己是很自然的)”和最后一段中“If you’re interested in becoming a cyborg and you’re willing a good place to start, it might be with a pair of Google Glass. Users wear it like ordinary eyeglasses.(如果你对成为半机械人感兴趣，并且你愿意从一个好的地方开始，那可能是一副谷歌眼镜。用户可以像戴着普通的眼镜一样戴着它。)”可知，作者认为人们利用最新的技术来改善自己很自然的事情，最后建议从一副谷歌眼镜开始体验半机械人，故作者对成为半机械人的经历持积极态度，故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Smart devices can truly do incredible things and help to simplify our day. They can also enhance our perceptions, arm us with knowledge, and open up a world of new possibilities. A few people have even decided to make the leap and transform themselves to become cyborgs. (智能设备确实可以做一些不可思议的事情，帮助简化我们的生活。它们还可以增强我们的认知，用知识武装我们，并打开一个充满新可能性的世界。一些人甚至决定迈出这一步，把自己变成半机械人)”可知，本文主要讲述智能设备改善了人们的生活，一些人甚至变成了半机械人，C项“创新技术如何改善人们的生活？”为最佳标题，故选C。
D篇 DADC
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了白噪音对睡眠的影响。研究表明，听白噪音可以改善睡眠质量。然而，对于白噪音对睡眠的影响，目前的研究结果并不一致，还需要进一步的研究来确认。尽管如此，研究人员仍然对白噪音能减少环境中不可预测噪音对睡眠的影响持乐观态度。
32. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects.”可知，白噪音有镇静作用是因为它可以掩盖其他声音。故选D。
33. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Studies have found that listening to white noise positively affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room.”可知，作者通过举例解释白噪音的好处。故选A。
34. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid.”和第五段内容可推知，研究人员会同意需要更多的研究来证实白噪音对睡眠有影响的观点。故选D。
35. C 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章讲述白噪音（White noise）对睡眠有积极影响，但还有待进一步研究证明。C选项“Does White Noise Help You Sleep （白噪音有助于睡眠吗？）”能概括文章主旨大意，适合作为标题。故选C。
七选五阅读 36-40GCEBF
完型41．A 42．D 43．B 44．C 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．A 49．D 50．B 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过一个小故事告诉我们：幸福有时候很难得到，但有时候却很简单。也许这只是一个触手可及的时刻。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走过去问他有什么烦心事。A. troubled麻烦；B. abused滥用；C. surprised惊讶；D. accused指控。根据上一句“…he saw a man sitting dispiritedly at the side of the road.”可知，那个人垂头丧气地坐在路边，所以他一定有烦心事。故选A项。
42．考查代词词义辨析。句意：生活中没有什么有趣的事情。A. something某事；B. nobody无名小卒；C. someone某人，重要人物；D. nothing没什么。根据文章第一句话“When Nasrudin was walking near his home, he saw a man sitting dispiritedly at the side of the road.”可知，那个人垂头丧气地坐在路边，一定是因为他认为生活中没有什么有趣的事。且下文“something more interesting and entertaining than the life I have at home.”也是提示。故选D项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有足够的钱，所以我不必工作。A. little少量的；B. sufficient足够的；C. blank空白的；D. more更多的。根据下文的“I don’t have to work”可知，这个人没必要工作，所以他一定有足够的钱。故选B项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我这次旅行只是为了寻找一些比我在家里的生活更有趣、更娱乐的东西。A. choose选择；B. abandon 抛弃；C. seek寻找；D. create创造。根据本段最后一句“ I haven’t found it!”可知，这个人是来寻找生活中更有趣的事。故选C项。
45．考查短语辨析。句意：到目前为止我还没有找到它!A. In all总的来说；B. As well 同样，也；C. So far到目前为止；D. After all毕竟。根据句意和后面的句子的时态是现在完成时，该句子应该用so far作时间状语。故选C项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纳斯鲁丁二话没说，抓起旅行者的背包，像只兔子一样跑开了。A. reached到达；B. carried携带；C. selected精选；D. grabbed抓住。根据下文的“run away”可知，纳斯鲁丁一定是抢了那个人的背包，所以应该用动词grab。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纳斯鲁丁二话没说，抓起旅行者的背包，像只兔子一样跑开了。A. rat老鼠；B. rabbit兔子；C. bird鸟；D. fox狐狸。根据句意和下文的“Since he knew the area, he 　　　　　　　　 surpassed the man.”可知，此处是来形容纳斯鲁丁跑得快，所以比喻他像兔子一样。故选B项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于他熟悉这个地区，他很容易就超过了那个人。A. easily容易地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. suddenly突然；D. difficultly困难地。根据上文的“...he knew the area”可知，因为纳斯鲁丁熟悉这个地区，所以他能轻松地超过那个人。故选A项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：路弯弯曲曲，纳斯鲁丁抄了几次近道，结果他很快就回到了路上，远远领先于他刚才抢的那个人。A. help帮助；B. mercy慈悲；C. hope希望；D. result结果。根据前面的句子“The road curved（弯曲）, and Nasrudin cut across several switchbacks”可知，纳斯鲁丁抄了几次近道，结果是他很快回到了路上。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：路弯弯曲曲，纳斯鲁丁抄了几次近道，结果他很快就回到了路上，远远领先于他刚才抢的那个人。A. stolen偷盗；B. robbed抢劫；C. cheated欺骗；D. treated治疗。根据第三段的句子“Without another word, Nasrudin 　　　　6　　　　 the traveler’s backpack and ran away like a 　　　7　　　　　. Since he knew the area, he 　　　　8　　　　 surpassed the man.”可知，纳斯鲁丁抢了那个人的背包，才跑走的。故选B项。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他把背包放在路边，等待那个苦恼的旅行者出现 。A. turn out结果；B. show off 炫耀；C. show up出现；D. fall away消失。根据下文的“Presently, the miserable man appeared”可知，纳斯鲁丁是等着那个人的出现，下文的appear和选项中的show up是对应的。故选C项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不一会儿，那个可怜的人出现了，沿着弯弯曲曲的道路走着，他因为失去了财物而比以往任何时候都更加难过。 A. straight直的；B. winding弯曲的；C. narrow狭窄的；D. wide宽的。根据上一段的句子“The road curved, and Nasrudin cut across several switchbacks”可知，他们走的道路是弯弯曲曲的，故B选项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一看到自己的财物在路边，就跑过去，高兴地喊着。A. property财产；B. money钱；C. clothes衣服；D. suitcase手提箱。根据上文的句子“Without another word, Nasrudin 　　　　　　　　 the traveler's backpack”可知，纳斯鲁丁抢走的是旅行者的包，这是他的财物。故选A项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是创造幸福的一种方式。A. pain疼痛；B. surprise惊奇；C. happiness幸福；D. confusion混乱。根据下文的“Happiness sometimes is 　　　　　　　　 to get, but sometimes it’s so simple.”可知，这里说的是幸福。故选C项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸福有时候很难得到，但有时候却很简单。A. hard难的；B. possible可能的；C. easy轻松的；D. random随机的。根据下文的but可知，逗号前后两句话是转折关系，所以空格处的单词应该和下文的simple是反义词。故选A项。
56．to protect 57．jointly 58．comprehensive 59．declining 60．has emerged 61．which 62．higher 63．To restore 64．an 65．will be done