2024届高一下学期开学摸底考（全国卷专用）02
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是 C。
1．What’s wrong with the man
A．He has a cold. B．He hurts his head. C．He coughs badly.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: Good morning. Is there anything I can do for you
M: I have a bad cough and I want to see a doctor now.
2．What is the final holiday plan of the woman’s family
A．Going surfing. B．Going cycling. C．Going hiking.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: Do you have any plans for the holiday
W: The children want to go cycling but their father wants to go surfing. And I’d like to go hiking. We’ve decided to follow the children’s choice.
3．Where is the woman probably from
A．Peru. B．Britain. C．Mexico.
【答案】B
【原文】
W: Have you noticed that people here in Mexico stand very close together
M: Yes. It’s the same in Peru too.
W: It’s the opposite in Britain. I was a little uncomfortable here at first. But after a few days, I’m getting used to it.
4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Neighbors. B．Husband and wife. C．Grandfather and granddaughter.
【答案】B
【原文】
W: It’s the first time I’ve visited our next door. Honey, you know what I’m shocked by the old furniture in Sophie’s room. She tells me her grandpa gave it to her.
M: Really It could be worth a fortune. We should also leave something to our future grandchildren.
5．When will the speakers meet
A．Tonight. B．On Sunday. C．Next Monday.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: Are you still going to have pizza together tonight
M: I’m not so sure anymore. My stomach hasn’t been feeling so well since yesterday. Maybe tomorrow
W: No. I’ve got plans for Sunday. How about next Monday
M: Sure. My stomach should be fine by then.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman most likely to be
A．A librarian. B．A salesperson. C．A teacher.
7．What will the man do
A．Go to the city center. B．Check the computer again. C．Wait for the woman’s call.
【答案】6．A 7．C
【原文】
W: What can I do for you
M: I’m trying to find this book. But it doesn’t seem like this library has it.
W: Have you checked the computer
M: I have already. It says the book is on the shelf, but I didn’t find it there.
W: We can always borrow books from the library in the city center.
M: You can do that
W: Yes. I’ll make the call and let you know when it gets in. Could you give me your phone number
M: OK. I’ll write it down here.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did the man do yesterday
A．He started a new job. B．He did some shopping online. C．He registered for a class.
9．What does the man want to buy
A．Posters. B．Brushes. C．Paintings.
10．What will the woman do next
A．Email the man. B．Ask about a sale. C．Go to a store.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A
【原文】
M: Jenny, thanks for telling me about the painting courses at the community center. I signed up for it yesterday.
W: You are welcome. So when will you take the courses
M: On Tuesday and Thursday. Now I need to get some paintbrushes. Can you recommend a good art supplies store near here
W: I like the one on Washington Street next to the history museum.
M: I think I’ve seen the commercial posters about the store before.
W: Actually, I just got an email about a sale the store’s having this week. You’ll get extra savings this week.
M: Hmm. Washington Street is kind of far from me but I think I can get there this weekend.
W: I’ll send you the email I got from them. With the special discount, it’s definitely worth the trip to the store.
M: I hope so. My class starts from next week. I need to buy the supplies this week.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
11．What does the woman do with her naughty children in public
A．She punishes them hard.
B．She gives them what they want.
C．She takes them to a quiet place.
12．Why does the woman choose to wait for her kids to calm down
A．It will save money for the future.
B．It will shape children’s behavior.
C．It will give her more power over them.
13．What do we know about the woman
A．She is careless about her children.
B．She is worried about her children.
C．She is good at dealing with her children.
【答案】11．C 12．B 13．C
【原文】
M: Are your children ever naughty in public
W: Yes, they are. But I don’t punish them in public. If my children are crying because they want a toy from the store, I will take them somewhere quiet until they are calm.
M: So you wouldn’t give them what they want
W: No. If they know they can get whatever they want by crying, they’ll just get worse and worse.
M: Oh, I see. But don’t you think you’ll lose more time to wait for them to calm down
W: Yeah. But I think it’s worth it because my children will be better behaved in the future.
M: What if you’re on an airplane
W: I’ll try to plan ahead and I need to prepare lots of snacks and fun things. Maybe they just feel bored and want to play but they can’t.
M: So it’s better to prevent bad behavior by making sure the kids don’t get bored. Well, you’re really a good parent.
W: Oh, I’m trying to be one.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．Why does the girl order the flowers
A．She likes flowers. B．Mother’s Day is coming. C．She wants to make a surprise.
15．What kind of flowers does the girl finally order
A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.
16．When will the flowers be delivered
A．On May 5th. B．On May 7th. C．On May 9th.
【答案】14．C 15．A 16．C
【原文】
M: Welcome to the flower store. What can I do for you
W: I want to order some flowers here.
M: Well, you are at the right place. What kind of flowers do you like
W: Do you have any roses
M: Oh, what a pity. Roses are so popular these days that they are sold out today. Are you going to give them to someone special
W: Yeah, my mother’s birthday is on May 9th. I want to give her a surprise.
M: Wow, you are so sweet. Maybe you can change it to lilies. I’m sure your mother will like them.
W: Oh, that’s fine. By the way, can I write something down on a card and put it in the flowers
M: No problem. I will choose a pink card for you, which matches the flowers better.
W: Well, it should look elegant. Oh, this is my home address…
M: Finally, let’s make an appointment. Today is May 5th, and the flowers will arrive at your house on time in four days.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who is the main audience for the announcement
A．Soccer players. B．Parents of soccer players. C．The youngest soccer players.
18．What do we know about the youngest group
A．They are too young to play.
B．The transportation will be arranged by the speaker.
C．There aren’t enough players to make teams.
19．What is required to join the weekend camps
A．Some insurance. B．Some reservations. C．Some paperwork.
20．What can we learn about the speaker
A．His name is Steve. B．His child plays soccer. C．He is a soccer coach.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．C 20．B
【原文】
Attention, parents! If your son or daughter signed up for soccer, then please listen up. As you know, there were five age groups planned for this year: 5-6, 7-9, 10-11, 12-13, and 14 and up. Unfortunately, we did not have enough kids signed up for the youngest group to make enough teams. I’m a parent of a soccer player myself, so I know how you must feel. The good news is that there are a few parents who are willing to volunteer to run soccer camps on the weekend in a more informal way for the youngest players. You would need to sign some paperwork and arrange your own transportation and appropriate clothing for each weekend, but at least your kids will have the opportunity to play soccer every week. For more information, please contact the soccer coach Steve Wollinsky at 425-7660. You can also add your name to a sign-up sheet that is posted on a wall next to the bathroom. If you do so, please make sure to leave your phone number and email address as well. Thanks for everything.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you really want a taste of Dutch life, a bike tour through Amsterdam is the way to go.
What is included in an Amsterdam bike tour
The bicycle is of course provided and included in the price of the tour. Some tours offer coffee and tea after the tour finishes. Every tour especially has its own theme and route (路线). You can compare them by visiting webpages about a particular tour.
Amsterdam bicycle tour basics
These tours are usually between one and two hours long. They are guided by friendly and knowledgeable tour guides who are well capable in human interactions and Amsterdam information. What’s more, the tour guides usually know many languages and are used to dealing with communication barriers (障碍).
If it rains, no worries, you can choose to cancel your tour free of charge. This applies of course also in case of (万一) other bad weather or in case you simply don’t feel like taking the tour. The cancellation is easy, without question, and free.
Important during the bicycle tour of Amsterdam
Please don’t become so Dutch that you disregard the traffic laws. It is a fact that some Amsterdammers often cross a street or a bridge when they feel like doing it. That is why staying alert (警惕的) and a little bit of biking experience can help you to cross the small city streets during an Amsterdam bike tour. Also, unless you are 100% sure that the weather will be plenty sunny, you’d better bring a jacket. When you start moving on the bike, the Amsterdam’s air can get quite cold.
21．What is special about an Amsterdam bike tour
A．It provides a free bike. B．It offers coffee and tea.
C．It includes a free lunch. D．It has its theme and route.
22．Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
A．Taking no notice of the traffic rules. B．Bringing warm clothing.
C．Doing as the Dutch do. D．Getting away from bad weather.
23．Where can the text be found
A．In a history book. B．In a research paper.
C．In an art magazine. D．In a travel brochure.
【参考答案】
21．D 22．B 23．D
【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的自行车之旅。
【详情解析】
21．细节理解题。根据What is included in an Amsterdam bike tour部分关键句“Every tour especially has its own theme and route (路线).(每次旅游都有自己的主题和路线。)”可知，阿姆斯特丹自行车之旅的特别之处是有它的主题和路线。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Also, unless you are 100% sure that the weather will be plenty sunny, you’d better bring a jacket. When you start moving on the bike, the Amsterdam’s air can get quite cold.(此外，除非你百分之百确定天气会很晴朗，否则你最好带一件夹克。当你开始骑自行车时，阿姆斯特丹的空气会变得很冷。)”可知，最后一段中建议我们带上暖和的衣服。故选B。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“If you really want a taste of Dutch life, a bike tour through Amsterdam is the way to go.(如果你真的想体验荷兰人的生活，那么骑自行车游览阿姆斯特丹是不错的选择。)”可知，本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的自行车之旅，由此可知，这是一篇与旅行相关的文章，可能出现在一本旅游手册中。故选D。
B
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper about e-waste. The article said that people were throwing away their e-waste in places it should never go. This was dangerous, the article said, because e-waste contains poisonous chemicals and metals like lead. These harmful substances (物质) can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.
Alex showed the article to a few of his classmates. They were worried too. But what could they do about this problem with e-waste How would they even start “The first thing we did,” Alex says, “was to learn more about the problem.” Alex and his friends spent several weeks gathering information about the chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处理) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. “Then,” he says, “we had to find out what the situation was in our town. So we sent out a survey.”
What they found shocked them: Of the people who answered the survey, only one in eight even knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 21,000 pounds of e-waste.
The next step was to set up an e-waste drop-off center for the town and to find a responsible company to recycle the waste. That was when Alex and his friends learned another scary fact about e-waste—some irresponsible recycling companies don’t break down the e-waste and dispose of it safely themselves. Instead, they ship it overseas to countries such as China and Nigeria, where local environmental laws are not applied. “We checked carefully online to make sure the company we chose didn’t do this,” Alex says.
Because of the work of people like Alex and his team, more and more people are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s poisonous trash.”
24．What can we learn about Alex from paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A．He was curious about chemistry experiments. B．He possessed a strong sense of responsibility.
C．He set out to solve the problem individually. D．He formed the habit of reading newspapers.
25．What does the underlined word “drive” mean
A．campaign B．imagination C．performance D．technology
26．Why did some companies transport the e-waste to other countries
A．Lack of available space was the reason for shipping.
B．Recycling was totally banned in their own country.
C．They were running their companies on a tight budget.
D．They were not charged with insecurely disposing it.
27．What’s the suitable title for the text
A．Reusing School Computers B．Recycling Electronic Waste
C．Meeting a challenge D．Doing scientific experiment
【参考答案】
24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B
【语篇解读】
本文是记叙文。讲述了Alex为解决电子垃圾污染问题，所做出的一系列努力。
【详情解析】
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper about e-waste. The article said that people were throwing away their e-waste in places it should never go. This was dangerous, the article said, because e-waste contains poisonous chemicals and metals like lead. These harmful substances (物质) can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.(当Alex Lin 11岁的时候，他在报纸上读到一篇关于电子垃圾的令人震惊的文章。这篇文章说，人们把电子垃圾扔到不该去的地方。这篇文章说，这很危险，因为电子垃圾含有有毒化学物质和铅等金属。这些有害物质会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内)”以及第二段“Alex showed the article to a few of his classmates. They were worried too. But what could they do about this problem with e-waste How would they even start “The first thing we did,” Alex says, “was to learn more about the problem.” Alex and his friends spent several weeks gathering information about the chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处理) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. “Then,” he says, “we had to find out what the situation was in our town. So we sent out a survey.”(亚历克斯把这篇文章拿给几个同学看。他们也很担心。但是他们能做些什么来解决电子垃圾的问题呢 他们是怎么开始的 “我们做的第一件事，”亚历克斯说，“就是更多地了解这个问题。”亚历克斯和他的朋友们花了几个星期收集有关电子垃圾中的化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。他们学会了如何正确处理电子垃圾以及如何回收利用。“然后，”他说，“我们必须弄清楚我们镇上的情况。所以我们进行了一项调查。”)”可知，Alex了解到电子垃圾中有毒物质会对环境造成危害，因此做了一系列的调研等活动可知，他具有很强的责任感。故选B项。
25．词句猜测题。根据前文“Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.(亚历克斯和他的朋友们开始行动起来。他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场)”可知，他们在当地报纸打广告，并把通知发给学生，要求居民把不要的电子垃圾产品带到学校停车场，所以这是一次运动，推知drive意为“活动，运动”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“That was when Alex and his friends learned another scary fact about e-waste—some irresponsible recycling companies don’t break down the e-waste and dispose of it safely themselves. Instead, they ship it overseas to countries such as China and Nigeria, where local environmental laws are not applied.(就在那时，亚历克斯和他的朋友们了解到另一个关于电子垃圾的可怕事实——一些不负责任的回收公司不分解电子垃圾，也不自己安全处理。相反，他们将其运往中国和尼日利亚等不适用当地环境法的国家)”可知，一些不负责的公司会将垃圾运到其它国家，是因为这些国家环保法不健全，在这里不安全的处理垃圾并不会被指控。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper about e-waste. The article said that people were throwing away their e-waste in places it should never go. This was dangerous, the article said, because e-waste contains poisonous chemicals and metals like lead. These harmful substances (物质) can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.(当Alex Lin 11岁的时候，他在报纸上读到一篇关于电子垃圾的令人震惊的文章。这篇文章说，人们把电子垃圾扔到不该去的地方。这篇文章说，这很危险，因为电子垃圾含有有毒化学物质和铅等金属。这些有害物质会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内)”以及最后一段“Because of the work of people like Alex and his team, more and more people are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s poisonous trash.”(由于像亚历克斯和他的团队这样的人的工作，越来越多的人得到了安全处理电子垃圾的信息。正如亚历克斯所说，“今天的技术不应该成为明天的有毒垃圾。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了Alex为解决电子垃圾污染问题，所做出的一系列努力，所以B项“Recycling Electronic Waste(回收电子废物)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
C
Potential end to sales of gasoline cars in China could benefit makers of electric cars, and suppliers of spare parts and power management solutions in the long run, analysts said.
Policymakers have been suggesting a possible timetable soon for getting rid of cars that use gasoline as fuel from the China market. For instance, Xin Guobin, deputy head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at a news conference in early September that authorities are studying a timetable for stopping sales of gasoline cars in China.
At another conference on power and battery development, Xin said that the development of high-efficiency special batteries is key to the development of e-vehicles in China.
Wang Chuanfu, president of BYD, China’s largest e-car maker, said in a recent interview that he estimated sales of gasoline cars will likely end in 2030.
According to a report by China International Capital Corporation Limited or CICC, large-scale production of e-vehicles and a bigger market share in the overall mobility market are inevitable in the next few years.
“Ending sales of gasoline cars is a global trend, and China is not going to fall behind,” the report said.
Norway and the Netherlands have announced they will end sales of gasoline cars in 2025. Germany and India will do so in 2030, and the UK and France in 2040.
Policies will encourage purchase and use of e-vehicles in China. For example, buyers would be offered free car plates in cities. In contrast, gasoline car owners may need to pay more than 80,000 yuan for a plate at auctions (拍卖) in Shanghai.
In the longer term, however, development of e-vehicles in China depends on battery technology improvements and charging networks, said the paper.
28．What can we infer from the passage
A．Potential end of the gasoline cars has benefited many people.
B．The government is taking action in the process of promoting electric cars.
C．Wang Chuanfu estimated sales of gasoline cars will end in 2030.
D．China will be the first country to end the gasoline cars in the near feature.
29．Which is the closest meaning of the underlined word
A．unavoidable B．profound C．impossible D．profitable
30．What is the author’s attitude to the electric cars
A．Supportive B．Passive C．Subjective D．Objective.
31．What is likely to be discussed in the following part
A．How to improve the battery technology and the relevant construction.
B．The reasons why we want to give up the traditional vehicles.
C．Supporters’ and objectors’ opinions towards e-cars.
D．The advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles.
【参考答案】
28．B 29．A 30．D 31．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国汽车市场燃油车正逐步被电车所取代的趋势。
【详情解析】
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Policymakers have been suggesting a possible timetable soon for getting rid of cars that use gasoline as fuel from the China market.(政策制定者一直在提出一个可能的时间表，以尽快从中国市场上淘汰以汽油为燃料的汽车。)”可知，决策者即政府一直在提出一个燃油车退出中国市场的时刻表，说明政府在推广电动汽车的过程中正在采取行动。故选B项。
29．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Wang Chuanfu, president of BYD, China’s largest e-car maker, said in a recent interview that he estimated sales of gasoline cars will likely end in 2030.(中国最大的电动汽车制造商比亚迪的总裁王传福在最近的一次采访中说，他估计汽油车的销售可能会在2030年结束。)”可知，比亚迪总裁在一次采访中说，他估计汽油车的销售可能在2030年结束，结合划线单词前后的“According to a report by China International Capital Corporation Limited or CICC, large-scale production of e-vehicles and a bigger market share in the overall mobility market…in the next few years.(根据中国国际金融有限公司(CICC)的一份报告，电动汽车的大规模生产以及在整个移动市场中更大的市场份额在接下来几年是……。)”可知，电车的大规模生产以及占有市场更大份额是不可避免的趋势，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“不可避免的”意义相近。故选 A项。
30．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Potential end to sales of gasoline cars in China could benefit makers of electric cars, and suppliers of spare parts and power management solutions in the long run, analysts said.(分析师表示，从长远来看，汽油车在中国销售的终结可能有利于电动汽车制造商、零部件和电源管理解决方案供应商。)”可知，分析师表示，中国的汽油车销售的终结可能有利于电动汽车制造商等一下供应商，结合下文中介绍的与电车相关的政策导向、电车销售及生产相关的信息可知，作者只是在客观陈述, 并没有表明自己的态度，所以作者对电车的态度是客观的。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“In the longer term, however, development of e-vehicles in China depends on battery technology improvements and charging networks, said the paper.(然而，从长远来看，中国电动汽车的发展取决于电池技术的改进和充电网络。)”可知，中国电车的发展要取决于电池技术和充电网络的改善, 由此可知，随后就应该讨论该如何改善这两个方面的问题。故选A项。
D
“Looking good, feeling good” is a common phrase, but for many middle school students, it brings up the issue of appearance anxiety. In a world where social media often sets unrealistic beauty standards, teenagers can feel pressured to look a certain way. This pressure can lead to a lack of confidence and happiness.
Dressing in a style that reflects personal taste, rather than simply following fashion trends, can be a step towards overcoming this anxiety. Wearing clothes that make one feel comfortable and confident can help boost self-esteem. It’s important for students to understand that fashion is a way to express themselves, not a standard they must meet.
Healthy eating is also crucial. A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains, helps maintain a healthy body and mind. Sometimes, teens worry too much about their weight, which can lead to unhealthy eating habits. Learning about nutrition and understanding that healthy bodies come in all shapes and sizes can help alleviate these concerns.
Physical activity plays a significant role in mental well-being. Regular exercise, like playing a sport or going for a walk, not only keeps the body fit but also releases endorphins, improving mood and reducing stress. It's a natural way to fight the anxiety that comes with appearance concerns.
Finally, it's essential for middle school students to focus on mental health. Engaging in hobbies, spending time with friends, and seeking support when needed can contribute to a more positive self-image. Understanding that everyone's unique and that real beauty comes from within is vital. Feeling good about oneself should come from personal achievements and qualities, not just from outward appearance.
32．What is the main concern addressed in the article regarding middle school students
A．Choosing the right fashion trends. B．Coping with appearance anxiety.
C．Learning about nutrition and exercise. D．Finding comfortable clothing.
33．According to the article, how can personal style in clothing affect students
A．It can lead to unrealistic beauty standards. B．It can help in overcoming appearance anxiety.
C．It pressures students to follow fashion trends. D．It results in a lack of interest in fashion.
34．What role does physical activity play in addressing appearance concerns
A．It sets beauty standards for students. B．It mainly helps in weight management.
C．It improves mood and reduces stress. D．It has no significant impact on mental well-being.
35．Why is focusing on mental health important for middle school students
A．It helps in achieving academic success. B．It contributes to a more positive self-image.
C．It encourages following social media trends. D．It increases interest in fashion and style.
【参考答案】
32．B 33．B 34．C 35．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中学生面对的外貌焦虑的问题及应对方法。
【详情解析】
32．细节理解题。根据第一段前两句““Looking good, feeling good” is a common phrase, but for many middle school students, it brings up the issue of appearance anxiety. In a world where social media often sets unrealistic beauty standards, teenagers can feel pressured to look a certain way.”（“长得好看，感觉就好”是一句常见的短语，但对于许多中学生来说，这就带来了外表焦虑的问题。在一个社交媒体经常设定不切实际的审美标准的世界里，青少年会感到有压力，因为要以某种方式看待自己。）可知，中学生主要面临的是外貌焦虑的问题。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Dressing in a style that reflects personal taste, rather than simply following fashion trends, can be a step towards overcoming this anxiety. Wearing clothes that make one feel comfortable and confident can help boost self-esteem.”（穿衣风格反映了个人品味，而不是简单地追随时尚潮流，这可以是克服这种焦虑的一步。穿让人感觉舒适和自信的衣服有助于提升自尊。）可知，个人的穿衣风格有助于克服外貌焦虑。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Physical activity plays a significant role in mental well-being. Regular exercise, like playing a sport or going for a walk, not only keeps the body fit but also releases endorphins, improving mood and reducing stress.”（体育活动对心理健康起着重要作用。有规律的锻炼，比如运动或散步，不仅能保持身体健康，还能释放内啡肽，改善情绪，减轻压力。）可知，体育锻炼能能改善情绪，减轻压力。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Finally, it's essential for middle school students to focus on mental health. Engaging in hobbies, spending time with friends, and seeking support when needed can contribute to a more positive self-image.”（最后，中学生关注心理健康是很重要的。从事自己的爱好，花时间和朋友在一起，在需要的时候寻求支持，这些都有助于形成一个更积极的自我形象。）可知，从事自己的爱好，花时间和朋友在一起，在需要的时候寻求支持都是心理健康的表现，这样做有助于形成一个更积极的自我形象，故推知，心理健康有助于形成一个更积极的自我形象。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nothing like a big test makes students feel fear and anxiety. Wanting to study is one thing, but it can be difficult to do without the proper guidance. 36 Fortunately, studying is something faced at all levels of school by all students, so you can find help.
Calm down. Don’t panic (惊慌失措). Panic will only make your situation worse. You will be focusing on the fear, and not the coming test. 37 If you panic, take deep breaths, and think that you can do this.
Make a study plan. People who make a detailed study plan often have an easier time of their studies. When making a study plan, calculate (计算) the amount of time you have left before the exam date. Is the exam in a month Did the teacher spring the test on you suddenly Is it a mid-year exam that has been waiting since the start of the year 38
Take notes and ask questions. If you come across a part you can’t understand, write it down. Ask your teacher either during class or during office hours. And don’t worry — you aren’t stupid if you ask questions. 39 Besides, a question ahead of time could mean a better grade on the exam.
40 Study methods include using colours, pictures and brainstorm or mind map pages. Some people learn things better if they’re in certain colours while other people may remember pictures more easily. Use the method that works for you.
A．Find out your study methods.
B．Make use of different resources.
C．It’s important to build good study skills.
D．Questions mean that you’re actively learning.
E．Many times, fear can even prevent you doing well.
F．The fear of asking questions grows if you are anxious.
G．Depending on the time, make your study plan long or short.
【参考答案】
36．C 37．E 38．G 39．D 40．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何为即将到来的考试做准备。
【详情解析】
36. 上文“Nothing like a big test makes students feel fear and anxiety. Wanting to study is one thing, but it can be difficult to do without the proper guidance.(没有什么比大考更能让学生感到恐惧和焦虑了。想要学习是一回事，但是没有适当的指导就很难做到。)”提到学习需要合适的指导，本空承接上文，具体指出学习需要什么样的指导——培养良好的学习能力，C项“培养良好的学习能力是很重要的。”符合语境。故选C。
37. 上文“Panic will only make your situation worse. You will be focusing on the fear, and not the coming test.(恐慌只会让你的处境更糟。你将专注于恐惧，而不是即将到来的考试。)”指出专注于恐惧的坏处，空处承接上文，同样说明其坏处，E项“很多时候，恐惧甚至会阻止你做得更好。”承接了上文，进一步指出对考试的害怕会造成的不利影响，E项中的fear是上一句中的fear的原词复现。故选E。
38. 上文“When making a study plan, calculate (计算) the amount of time you have left before the exam date.(制定学习计划时，计算考试日期之前还剩下多少时间。)”说明要根据考试时间来制定学习计划，G项“根据时间的不同，制定长或短的学习计划。”符合。故选G项。
39. 上一句“And don’t worry — you aren’t stupid if you ask questions.(别担心，如果你问问题的话，你不是傻瓜)”指出问问题并不代表你是傻瓜，下一句“Besides, a question ahead of time could mean a better grade on the exam.(此外，提前出题可能意味着考试成绩更好。)”介绍了提问题的另一个好处，由此可知，空处应是承接上文，指出提问题的一个好处，D项“提问意味着你在积极地学习。”符合语境。故选D。
40. 此空是本段主题句。根据下文“Study methods include using colours, pictures and brainstorm or mind map pages. Some people learn things better if they’re in certain colours while other people may remember pictures more easily. Use the method that works for you.(研究方法包括使用颜色、图片和头脑风暴或思维导图页面。有些人如果使用特定颜色的图片会学得更好，而另一些人可能会更容易记住图片。使用适合您的方法。)”可知，本段主要建议找到自己的学习方法。故A项“找出你的学习方法。”概括了本段主旨。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for 41 .
His mission Saving the world’s oceans from 42 pollution.
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was 43 to see how much it had 44 . The sand was no longer 45 because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste.
“The whole beach was like a 46 of plastic,” he said. “It hurt me. The 47 mess.” What Shah had seen is part of a global environmental crisis. More than 8 million tons of plastic 48 in the world’s oceans each year. It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. “Plastic in the ocean is a 49 . And the sea species have no choice at all, ” Shah said. “We are 50 their habitats.”
In October 2015, Shah began 51 up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began calling on others to join in. Word 52 and with the help from social media, more volunteers got 53 .
For Shah, the work has always been a 54 journey, but it has earned global attention. After he was 55 as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this 56 .
He’s now spent 209 weekends on this mission, 57 more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was 58 clean and Shah’s cleanups expanded to another beach as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.
“This world talks too much. I think we must talk 59 and do action more, ” he said when interviewed by CNN in October 2019.“We are a smart species. Well adapt. We’ll learn. And with these youngsters rising up, I see 60 .”
41．A．teaching B．court C．housework D．cleaning
42．A．river B．soil C．plastic D．oil
43．A．upset B．excited C．delighted D．hesitant
44．A．grown B．changed C．reserved D．protected
45．A．pure B．golden C．shiny D．visible
46．A．carpet B．curtain C．painting D．photograph
47．A．temporary B．permanent C．ugly D．pretty
48．A．sticks to B．keeps off C．gives back D．ends up
49．A．killer B．cleaner C．guest D．decoration
50．A．sweeping B．attacking C．visiting D．beautifying
51．A．pulling B．thinking C．picking D．looking
52．A．came B．failed C．went D．spread
53．A．involved B．lived C．stuck D．paid
54．A．easy B．tough C．personal D．general
55．A．known B．regarded C．decided D．honored
56．A．cause B．case C．position D．fame
57．A．requiring B．rejecting C．inviting D．inspiring
58．A．originally B．finally C．politically D．theoretically
59．A．fewer B．less C．better D．worse
60．A．honor B．beauty C．hope D．love
【参考答案】
B 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D 46．A 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．B
51．C 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．D 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．B 60．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了沙阿看到沙滩上铺满了垃圾，感到难过并在周末捡拾沙滩上的垃圾。在他的带领下，30多万志愿者参与进来。2016年，沙阿被联合国授予“地球冠军”称号。
【详情解析】
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他并没有花这段时间为法庭做准备。A. teaching教学；B. court法庭；C. housework家庭作业；D. cleaning打扫。根据上文“lawyer(律师)”可知阿夫罗兹·沙阿是一名律师，从事的是法庭上的工作，可推理出空白处应填表示“法庭”含义的名词，故选B项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：拯救世界海洋免受塑料污染。A. river河流；B. soil土壤；C. plastic塑料；D. oil油。根据下文“plastic waste(塑料垃圾)”可知，阿夫罗兹·沙阿做的是保护海洋免受塑料污染，故选C项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他小时候在那里玩过，看到这里发生了如此大的变化，他很难过。A. upset难过的；B. excited兴奋的；C. delighted高兴的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据下文“it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste(它被一层超过五英尺厚的垃圾覆盖，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。)”可知，此处上下文说的是阿夫罗兹·沙阿小时候玩耍过的地方被垃圾覆盖，可推理出阿夫罗兹·沙阿感到难过，故选A项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grown种植；B. changed变化；C. reserved预约；D. protected保护。根据下文“it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste(它被一层超过五英尺厚的垃圾覆盖，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。)”可知阿夫罗兹·沙阿小时候玩过的地方已经被垃圾覆盖，已经发生了变化，故选B项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沙子不再可见，因为它被一层超过五英尺厚的垃圾覆盖，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。A. pure纯的；B. golden金色的；C. shiny发光的；D. visible可见的。根据下文“it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste(它被一层超过五英尺厚的垃圾覆盖，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。)”可知沙滩被垃圾覆盖，所以沙子不可见，故选D项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“整个海滩就像一片塑料地毯，”他说，“它让我很伤心。那丑陋的混乱。”A. carpet地毯；B. curtain窗帘；C. painting绘画；D. photograph照片。根据上文“it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste(它被一层超过五英尺厚的垃圾覆盖，其中大部分是塑料垃圾。)”可知，沙滩被一层垃圾覆盖，根据句意可知此处使用了比喻的手法，分析选项，A项“carpet地毯”在本句中被用于比喻一层垃圾，符合句意，故选A项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. temporary短暂的；B. permanent永久的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. pretty漂亮的。根据上文“It hurt me(它让我很伤心)”可推理出海滩上的垃圾让阿夫罗兹·沙阿感到难受，认为垃圾堆很丑陋，故选C项。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每年有800多万吨塑料最终进入世界海洋。A. sticks to坚持；B. keeps off不接近；C. gives back归还；D. ends up最终成为。根据上文“More than 8 million tons of plastic(每年有800多万吨塑料)”以及下文“in the world’s oceans(进入世界海洋)”以及下文“It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish(据预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料将超过鱼类。)”可推理出此处上下文说的是每年有800多万吨塑料最终进入了世界上的海洋里，故选D项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：海洋中的塑料是一个杀手。A. killer杀手；B. cleaner清洁工；C. guest客人；D. decoration装饰。根据上文“It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish(据预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料将超过鱼类。)”以及下文“the sea species have no choice at all(海洋物种别无选择)”可知此处上下文说的是海洋中的塑料预计到2050年将超过鱼类，使得海洋物种别无选择，对海洋物种构成了威胁，分析选项，A项“killer杀手”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在攻击它们的栖息地。A. sweeping扫；B. attacking进攻；C. visiting拜访；D. beautifying美化。根据上文“It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish(据预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料将超过鱼类。)”可知到2050年，海洋中的塑料将超过鱼类，对海洋物种的栖息地构成了威胁，分析选项，B项“attacking进攻”表达的含义符合语境，故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年10月，沙阿开始每周日早上从海滩上收集塑料垃圾。A. pulling拉；B. thinking思考；C. picking捡拾；D. looking看。根据下文“from the beach(从海滩上)”可推理出沙阿从海滩上捡拾垃圾，故选C项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，在社交媒体的帮助下，更多的志愿者参与进来。A. came来；B. failed失败；C. went去；D. spread传播。根据下文“more volunteers(更多的志愿者)”可知更多的志愿者知道了信息，可推理出消息传播开来，故选D项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. involved参与；B. lived生活；C. stuck卡住；D. paid支付。根据下文“more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach cleanup.(超过20万名志愿者，其中一些是年轻学生，加入他所参与的被称为世界上最大的海滩清理活动。)”可知更多的志愿者参与进来，故选A项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对沙阿来说，这项工作一直是个人的旅程，但它已经赢得了全球的关注。A. easy容易的；B. tough坚强的；C. personal私人的；D. general大致的。根据上文“In October 2015, Shah began picking up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning(2015年10月，沙阿开始每周日早上从海滩上收集塑料垃圾)”可知，对沙阿来说，从海滩上收集塑料垃圾是他私人的行为，故选C项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2016年被联合国授予“地球冠军”称号后，沙阿现在几乎把所有的空闲时间都投入到这项事业中。A. known知道；B. regarded认为；C. decided决定；D. honored给以荣誉。根据下文“Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016(2016年被联合国授予“地球冠军”)”可知这是沙阿被授予的荣誉称号，故选D项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cause(支持或为之奋斗的)事业；B. case案例；C. position位置；D. fame名声。根据下文“He’s now spent 209 weekends on this mission(他现在已经在这个任务上花费了209个周末)”以及“the world’s biggest beach cleanup(世界上最大的海滩清理活动)”可知，对沙阿来说，海滩清理活动是他的事业，故选A项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他现在已经花了209个周末完成了这项任务，激励了20多万志愿者，其中一些是年轻的学生，与他一起参加被称为世界上最大的海滩清理活动。A. requiring要求；B. rejecting拒绝；C. inviting邀请；D. inspiring激励。根据上文“He’s now spent 209 weekends on this mission(他现在已经花了209个周末完成了这项任务)”以及下文“more than 200,000 volunteers(20多万志愿者)”可推理出他的无私奉献激励了20多万志愿者参与进这项活动中，故选D项。
58．考查副词词义辨析。句意：到2018年10月，Versova海滩终于干净了，Shah的清理工作扩展到了另一个海滩以及米提河和印度其他地区。A. originally起初；B. finally最终；C. politically政治地；D. theoretically理论上。根据下文“clean(干净)”可知经过沙阿和志愿者们的努力，最后沙滩干净了，可推理出空白处应填表示“最终”含义的副词，故选B项。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们必须少说话，多行动。A. fewer更少的，修饰可数名词；B. less较少地，作状语修饰动词；C. better更好地；D. worse更糟地。根据下文“do action more(多行动)”可推理出此处上下文说的是要少说话多行动，故选B项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着这些年轻人的成长，我看到了希望。A. honor荣誉；B. beauty美；C. hope希望；D. love爱。根据上文“with these youngsters rising up(随着这些年轻人的成长)”可知此处说的是年轻人参与进清理行动，沙阿感到看到了希望，故选C项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students 61 (bring) out last week, following a plan by central government 62 (include) AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook, 63 (name) “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence”, was written by outstanding 64 (expert) from well-known schools nationwide. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI, but on 65 (practice) use of AI in daily life,” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, 66 is also a contributor to the book.
So far, about 40 high schools across the country 67 (take) on the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program 68 introducing the textbook in the curriculum. ‘‘The AI sector is facing a talent shortage 69 (globe). The publication of the book is 70 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ‘Ivory tower’ and makes it part of high school learning,” said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
【参考答案】
was brought 62．including 63．named 64．experts 65．practical
66．who 67．have taken 68．by 69．globally 70．a
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教科书即将进入中国高中课堂。
【详情解析】
61．考查语态。句意：继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据last week判断应用一般过去时，主语textbook和bring out之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was brought。
62．考查介词。句意：继中央政府计划把人工智能课程纳入中小学课程之后，中国第一本供高中生使用的人工智能教材上周出版了。根据句子结构及句意分析可知，此处用介词including“包括”，和空后的内容一起作后置定语。故填including。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学MOOC研究中心和AI创业公司SenseTime共同努力，由全国知名学校的杰出专家编写的。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语textbook构成被动关系，用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填named。
64．考查名词的数。句意：这本名为《人工智能基础》的九章教科书是由华东师范大学MOOC研究中心和AI创业公司Sense Time共同努力，由全国知名学校的杰出专家编写的。expert是可数名词，联系语境可知，此处应是很多专家编写了这本书，用复数形式。故填experts。
65．考查形容词。句意：华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词use，应用形容词practical，作定语。故填practical。
66．考查定语从句。句意：华东师范大学教授陈玉坤，他也是这本书的撰稿人之一，说：“这本教科书不仅关注人工智能的基础知识，而且关注人工智能在日常生活中的实际应用”。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chen Yukun，关系词在从句作主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
67．考查时态。句意：截至目前，全国约有40所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为AI高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。根据句子结构分析，此处作谓语动词。结合时间状语so far可知，动词用现在完成时，主语40 high schools为复数，助动词用have。故填have taken。
68．考查介词。句意：截至目前，全国约有40所高中通过在课程中引入教科书，承担了成为AI高等教育试点项目第一批的任务。此处表达“通过”应用介词by，后接动名词作宾语。故填by。
69．考查副词。句意：人工智能领域正面临全球人才短缺。修饰动词应用副词globally，作状语。故填globally。70．考查冠词。句意：这本书的出版是一个突破，因为它把人工智能技术从理论塔中带了出来，使它成为高中学习的一部分。breakthrough此处泛指“一个突破”，用不定冠词，且breakthrough是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirty and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
【参考答案】
1.think→thought 2.在countryside之前添加the 3.or→and 4.on→with 5.shown前been 删除
6.seriously→serious 7.airs→air 8.dirty→dirtier 9.Much→Many 10.your→our/your→the
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要是作者回忆小时候生活在农村的情景，现如今生活在城市，感慨环境被严重污染，并发起号召保护我们的环境。
【详情解析】
1.考查时态。句意：我想我在那里会很开心。结合上文When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city.可知此处描述的是发生在过去的动作，因此应该用一般过去时。故将think改为thought。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：现在我住在一个城市，但我想念我在农村的家。in the countryside为固定搭配，意为“在乡下，在农村”。故在countryside之前添加the。
3.考查连词。句意：那里空气清新，山是绿色的。此处There the air is clean与the mountains are green的感彩一致，都是对乡村的赞扬，且该句为肯定句，因此应用and表并列。故将or改为and。
4.考查介词。句意：不幸的是，随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。表示“随着……的发展”短语为with development of，作伴随状语。故将on改为with。
5.考查动词语态。句意：许多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个非常严重的问题。主语studies和show之间是主动关系，因此应用主动语态而非被动语态。故将shown前been 删除。
6.考查形容词。句意：许多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个非常严重的问题。problem为名词，应用形容词 serious来修饰，作定语。故将seriously改为serious。
7.考查名词的数。句意：我们吸入的空气越来越脏。air为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将airs改为air。
8.考查比较级。句意：我们吸入的空气越来越脏。此处为“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越……”。故将dirty改为dirtier。
9.考查名词的数。句意：许多珍稀动物正在灭绝。修饰名词复数animals应用many，而much多修饰不可数名词。故将Much改为Many。
10.考查形容词性物主代词与冠词。句意：我们必须找到保护环境的方法。由前文的We must found ways to可知，该句表示“我们必须找到方法来保护我们的环境”，因此应该用We的形容词性物主代词 our。此处也可填写定冠词 the，特指环境。故将your改为our或者将your改为the。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
针对校园浪费粮食的现象，学校举行以“节约粮食”为主题的倡议活动。假设你是学生会主席，请你代表学生会给全体同学写一封倡议书。要点如下：
1.活动的意义；
2.具体的做法；
3.呼吁从我做起，节约粮食。
参考词汇：thrift n.节俭 virtue n.美德
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Dear fellow students,
Recently, more and more food has been wasted by us students, which aroused public concern. As we all know, being thrift on food is a Chinese traditional virtue that has been around for thousands of years. More importantly, in the time of pandemic and natural disasters, vital significance should be attached to saving food for a country with more than 1.4 billion people.
Undoubtedly, it’s high time that immediate measures should be taken to change present situation. The school is to launch a campaign against food waste. Banners will be put up to advocate saving food. As for us students, please don’t order food that we can’t finish. Furthermore, let’s remind each other to clear the plate all the time or pack leftovers home.
Remember, every grain comes after hard toil. Let’s save food and start today!
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对校园浪费粮食的现象为学校举行的以“节约粮食”为主题的倡议活动代表学生会给全体同学写一封倡议书。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
关注：concern→attention
立即的：immediate→instant
举办，发起：launch→sponsor
此外：furthermore→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The school is to launch a campaign against food waste.
拓展句：The school is to launch a campaign, which is against food waste.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Recently, more and more food has been wasted by us students, which aroused public concern. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Undoubtedly, it’s high time that immediate measures should be taken to change present situation. (运用了虚拟语气)2024届高一下学期开学摸底考（全国卷专用）02
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是 C。
1．What’s wrong with the man
A．He has a cold. B．He hurts his head. C．He coughs badly.
2．What is the final holiday plan of the woman’s family
A．Going surfing. B．Going cycling. C．Going hiking.
3．Where is the woman probably from
A．Peru. B．Britain. C．Mexico.
4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Neighbors. B．Husband and wife. C．Grandfather and granddaughter.
5．When will the speakers meet
A．Tonight. B．On Sunday. C．Next Monday.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman most likely to be
A．A librarian. B．A salesperson. C．A teacher.
7．What will the man do
A．Go to the city center. B．Check the computer again. C．Wait for the woman’s call.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did the man do yesterday
A．He started a new job. B．He did some shopping online. C．He registered for a class.
9．What does the man want to buy
A．Posters. B．Brushes. C．Paintings.
10．What will the woman do next
A．Email the man. B．Ask about a sale. C．Go to a store.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
11．What does the woman do with her naughty children in public
A．She punishes them hard.
B．She gives them what they want.
C．She takes them to a quiet place.
12．Why does the woman choose to wait for her kids to calm down
A．It will save money for the future.
B．It will shape children’s behavior.
C．It will give her more power over them.
13．What do we know about the woman
A．She is careless about her children.
B．She is worried about her children.
C．She is good at dealing with her children.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．Why does the girl order the flowers
A．She likes flowers. B．Mother’s Day is coming. C．She wants to make a surprise.
15．What kind of flowers does the girl finally order
A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.
16．When will the flowers be delivered
A．On May 5th. B．On May 7th. C．On May 9th.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who is the main audience for the announcement
A．Soccer players. B．Parents of soccer players. C．The youngest soccer players.
18．What do we know about the youngest group
A．They are too young to play.
B．The transportation will be arranged by the speaker.
C．There aren’t enough players to make teams.
19．What is required to join the weekend camps
A．Some insurance. B．Some reservations. C．Some paperwork.
20．What can we learn about the speaker
A．His name is Steve. B．His child plays soccer. C．He is a soccer coach.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you really want a taste of Dutch life, a bike tour through Amsterdam is the way to go.
What is included in an Amsterdam bike tour
The bicycle is of course provided and included in the price of the tour. Some tours offer coffee and tea after the tour finishes. Every tour especially has its own theme and route (路线). You can compare them by visiting webpages about a particular tour.
Amsterdam bicycle tour basics
These tours are usually between one and two hours long. They are guided by friendly and knowledgeable tour guides who are well capable in human interactions and Amsterdam information. What’s more, the tour guides usually know many languages and are used to dealing with communication barriers (障碍).
If it rains, no worries, you can choose to cancel your tour free of charge. This applies of course also in case of (万一) other bad weather or in case you simply don’t feel like taking the tour. The cancellation is easy, without question, and free.
Important during the bicycle tour of Amsterdam
Please don’t become so Dutch that you disregard the traffic laws. It is a fact that some Amsterdammers often cross a street or a bridge when they feel like doing it. That is why staying alert (警惕的) and a little bit of biking experience can help you to cross the small city streets during an Amsterdam bike tour. Also, unless you are 100% sure that the weather will be plenty sunny, you’d better bring a jacket. When you start moving on the bike, the Amsterdam’s air can get quite cold.
21．What is special about an Amsterdam bike tour
A．It provides a free bike. B．It offers coffee and tea.
C．It includes a free lunch. D．It has its theme and route.
22．Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph
A．Taking no notice of the traffic rules. B．Bringing warm clothing.
C．Doing as the Dutch do. D．Getting away from bad weather.
23．Where can the text be found
A．In a history book. B．In a research paper.
C．In an art magazine. D．In a travel brochure.
B
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper about e-waste. The article said that people were throwing away their e-waste in places it should never go. This was dangerous, the article said, because e-waste contains poisonous chemicals and metals like lead. These harmful substances (物质) can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.
Alex showed the article to a few of his classmates. They were worried too. But what could they do about this problem with e-waste How would they even start “The first thing we did,” Alex says, “was to learn more about the problem.” Alex and his friends spent several weeks gathering information about the chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处理) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. “Then,” he says, “we had to find out what the situation was in our town. So we sent out a survey.”
What they found shocked them: Of the people who answered the survey, only one in eight even knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 21,000 pounds of e-waste.
The next step was to set up an e-waste drop-off center for the town and to find a responsible company to recycle the waste. That was when Alex and his friends learned another scary fact about e-waste—some irresponsible recycling companies don’t break down the e-waste and dispose of it safely themselves. Instead, they ship it overseas to countries such as China and Nigeria, where local environmental laws are not applied. “We checked carefully online to make sure the company we chose didn’t do this,” Alex says.
Because of the work of people like Alex and his team, more and more people are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s poisonous trash.”
24．What can we learn about Alex from paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A．He was curious about chemistry experiments. B．He possessed a strong sense of responsibility.
C．He set out to solve the problem individually. D．He formed the habit of reading newspapers.
25．What does the underlined word “drive” mean
A．campaign B．imagination C．performance D．technology
26．Why did some companies transport the e-waste to other countries
A．Lack of available space was the reason for shipping.
B．Recycling was totally banned in their own country.
C．They were running their companies on a tight budget.
D．They were not charged with insecurely disposing it.
27．What’s the suitable title for the text
A．Reusing School Computers B．Recycling Electronic Waste
C．Meeting a challenge D．Doing scientific experiment
C
Potential end to sales of gasoline cars in China could benefit makers of electric cars, and suppliers of spare parts and power management solutions in the long run, analysts said.
Policymakers have been suggesting a possible timetable soon for getting rid of cars that use gasoline as fuel from the China market. For instance, Xin Guobin, deputy head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at a news conference in early September that authorities are studying a timetable for stopping sales of gasoline cars in China.
At another conference on power and battery development, Xin said that the development of high-efficiency special batteries is key to the development of e-vehicles in China.
Wang Chuanfu, president of BYD, China’s largest e-car maker, said in a recent interview that he estimated sales of gasoline cars will likely end in 2030.
According to a report by China International Capital Corporation Limited or CICC, large-scale production of e-vehicles and a bigger market share in the overall mobility market are inevitable in the next few years.
“Ending sales of gasoline cars is a global trend, and China is not going to fall behind,” the report said.
Norway and the Netherlands have announced they will end sales of gasoline cars in 2025. Germany and India will do so in 2030, and the UK and France in 2040.
Policies will encourage purchase and use of e-vehicles in China. For example, buyers would be offered free car plates in cities. In contrast, gasoline car owners may need to pay more than 80,000 yuan for a plate at auctions (拍卖) in Shanghai.
In the longer term, however, development of e-vehicles in China depends on battery technology improvements and charging networks, said the paper.
28．What can we infer from the passage
A．Potential end of the gasoline cars has benefited many people.
B．The government is taking action in the process of promoting electric cars.
C．Wang Chuanfu estimated sales of gasoline cars will end in 2030.
D．China will be the first country to end the gasoline cars in the near feature.
29．Which is the closest meaning of the underlined word
A．unavoidable B．profound C．impossible D．profitable
30．What is the author’s attitude to the electric cars
A．Supportive B．Passive C．Subjective D．Objective.
31．What is likely to be discussed in the following part
A．How to improve the battery technology and the relevant construction.
B．The reasons why we want to give up the traditional vehicles.
C．Supporters’ and objectors’ opinions towards e-cars.
D．The advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles.
D
“Looking good, feeling good” is a common phrase, but for many middle school students, it brings up the issue of appearance anxiety. In a world where social media often sets unrealistic beauty standards, teenagers can feel pressured to look a certain way. This pressure can lead to a lack of confidence and happiness.
Dressing in a style that reflects personal taste, rather than simply following fashion trends, can be a step towards overcoming this anxiety. Wearing clothes that make one feel comfortable and confident can help boost self-esteem. It’s important for students to understand that fashion is a way to express themselves, not a standard they must meet.
Healthy eating is also crucial. A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains, helps maintain a healthy body and mind. Sometimes, teens worry too much about their weight, which can lead to unhealthy eating habits. Learning about nutrition and understanding that healthy bodies come in all shapes and sizes can help alleviate these concerns.
Physical activity plays a significant role in mental well-being. Regular exercise, like playing a sport or going for a walk, not only keeps the body fit but also releases endorphins, improving mood and reducing stress. It's a natural way to fight the anxiety that comes with appearance concerns.
Finally, it's essential for middle school students to focus on mental health. Engaging in hobbies, spending time with friends, and seeking support when needed can contribute to a more positive self-image. Understanding that everyone's unique and that real beauty comes from within is vital. Feeling good about oneself should come from personal achievements and qualities, not just from outward appearance.
32．What is the main concern addressed in the article regarding middle school students
A．Choosing the right fashion trends. B．Coping with appearance anxiety.
C．Learning about nutrition and exercise. D．Finding comfortable clothing.
33．According to the article, how can personal style in clothing affect students
A．It can lead to unrealistic beauty standards. B．It can help in overcoming appearance anxiety.
C．It pressures students to follow fashion trends. D．It results in a lack of interest in fashion.
34．What role does physical activity play in addressing appearance concerns
A．It sets beauty standards for students. B．It mainly helps in weight management.
C．It improves mood and reduces stress. D．It has no significant impact on mental well-being.
35．Why is focusing on mental health important for middle school students
A．It helps in achieving academic success. B．It contributes to a more positive self-image.
C．It encourages following social media trends. D．It increases interest in fashion and style.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nothing like a big test makes students feel fear and anxiety. Wanting to study is one thing, but it can be difficult to do without the proper guidance. 36 Fortunately, studying is something faced at all levels of school by all students, so you can find help.
Calm down. Don’t panic (惊慌失措). Panic will only make your situation worse. You will be focusing on the fear, and not the coming test. 37 If you panic, take deep breaths, and think that you can do this.
Make a study plan. People who make a detailed study plan often have an easier time of their studies. When making a study plan, calculate (计算) the amount of time you have left before the exam date. Is the exam in a month Did the teacher spring the test on you suddenly Is it a mid-year exam that has been waiting since the start of the year 38
Take notes and ask questions. If you come across a part you can’t understand, write it down. Ask your teacher either during class or during office hours. And don’t worry — you aren’t stupid if you ask questions. 39 Besides, a question ahead of time could mean a better grade on the exam.
40 Study methods include using colours, pictures and brainstorm or mind map pages. Some people learn things better if they’re in certain colours while other people may remember pictures more easily. Use the method that works for you.
A．Find out your study methods.
B．Make use of different resources.
C．It’s important to build good study skills.
D．Questions mean that you’re actively learning.
E．Many times, fear can even prevent you doing well.
F．The fear of asking questions grows if you are anxious.
G．Depending on the time, make your study plan long or short.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for 41 .
His mission Saving the world’s oceans from 42 pollution.
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was 43 to see how much it had 44 . The sand was no longer 45 because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick — most of it plastic waste.
“The whole beach was like a 46 of plastic,” he said. “It hurt me. The 47 mess.” What Shah had seen is part of a global environmental crisis. More than 8 million tons of plastic 48 in the world’s oceans each year. It’s predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. “Plastic in the ocean is a 49 . And the sea species have no choice at all, ” Shah said. “We are 50 their habitats.”
In October 2015, Shah began 51 up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began calling on others to join in. Word 52 and with the help from social media, more volunteers got 53 .
For Shah, the work has always been a 54 journey, but it has earned global attention. After he was 55 as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this 56 .
He’s now spent 209 weekends on this mission, 57 more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what’s been called the world’s biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was 58 clean and Shah’s cleanups expanded to another beach as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.
“This world talks too much. I think we must talk 59 and do action more, ” he said when interviewed by CNN in October 2019.“We are a smart species. Well adapt. We’ll learn. And with these youngsters rising up, I see 60 .”
41．A．teaching B．court C．housework D．cleaning
42．A．river B．soil C．plastic D．oil
43．A．upset B．excited C．delighted D．hesitant
44．A．grown B．changed C．reserved D．protected
45．A．pure B．golden C．shiny D．visible
46．A．carpet B．curtain C．painting D．photograph
47．A．temporary B．permanent C．ugly D．pretty
48．A．sticks to B．keeps off C．gives back D．ends up
49．A．killer B．cleaner C．guest D．decoration
50．A．sweeping B．attacking C．visiting D．beautifying
51．A．pulling B．thinking C．picking D．looking
52．A．came B．failed C．went D．spread
53．A．involved B．lived C．stuck D．paid
54．A．easy B．tough C．personal D．general
55．A．known B．regarded C．decided D．honored
56．A．cause B．case C．position D．fame
57．A．requiring B．rejecting C．inviting D．inspiring
58．A．originally B．finally C．politically D．theoretically
59．A．fewer B．less C．better D．worse
60．A．honor B．beauty C．hope D．love
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first artificial intelligence (AI) textbook for high school students 61 (bring) out last week, following a plan by central government 62 (include) AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook, 63 (name) “Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence”, was written by outstanding 64 (expert) from well-known schools nationwide. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
“The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI, but on 65 (practice) use of AI in daily life,” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, 66 is also a contributor to the book.
So far, about 40 high schools across the country 67 (take) on the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program 68 introducing the textbook in the curriculum. ‘‘The AI sector is facing a talent shortage 69 (globe). The publication of the book is 70 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ‘Ivory tower’ and makes it part of high school learning,” said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirty and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
针对校园浪费粮食的现象，学校举行以“节约粮食”为主题的倡议活动。假设你是学生会主席，请你代表学生会给全体同学写一封倡议书。要点如下：
1.活动的意义；
2.具体的做法；
3.呼吁从我做起，节约粮食。
参考词汇：thrift n.节俭 virtue n.美德
Dear fellow students,
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