人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 练案3（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 练案3（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-24 03:38:23 | ||
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文档简介
高三年级
英语练案
使用日期：2024年1月10日
编号：X2U2练案3
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” because of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has seen. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center and great for really stretching your legs.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday and Thursday mornings at 5am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance:120km loop
It passes a cafe with good(although expensive)food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a hike that is well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance:70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal from Beijing. The Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back to the 5th century B. C. It will be a fun ride here.
21. How does the route Death Valley get its name
A. It offers deadly loops for cars. B. It is located in an isolated place.
C. It involves passing a large tomb. D. It witnesses numerous accidents for cyclists.
22. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley. B. Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C. The Verse. D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park:
23. What do the last two routes have in common
A. There are on-road accidents. B. There are some cafes.
C. They have adequate bike lanes. D. They have historical sites.
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
24. How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan
A. Scared. B. Puzzled.
C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.
25. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He was a western journalist. B. He had a knowledge of China.
C. He came to China several times. D. He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
26. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They honored the ancestors. B. They set off in high spirits.
C. They satisfied the locals’ curiosity. D. They built bonds with people.
27. What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text
A. To share and reflect on a journey. B. To suggest a new way of travel.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity. D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
C
Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it ”
Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example, on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
28. What is the common belief on consuming red meat
A. It is beneficial to our planet. B. It can stimulate the economy.
C. It should be served with vegetables. D. It may make us suffer from heart disease.
29. What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Avoid. B. Provide. C. Inspect. D. Purchase.
30. What does Banna advise people to do
A. Take in more minerals. B. Turn to convenient food instead.
C. Seek for plant-based meals. D. Choose some animal-based substitutes.
31 What can be the best title for the text
A. Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying B. Are Fake Meat Products Good For You
C. Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion D. What Happened To The Plant-based Meat
D
Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at 250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend 10bn—doubling current levels of investment—on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
32. What does the poll show
A. Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year.
B. Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches.
C. Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted.
D. Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23.
33. What suggestion does the Department for Environment make to the government
A. Reducing bonuses of water company managers.
B. Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies.
C. Fining rule-breaking water companies at least 250,000.
D. Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits.
34. What does the underlined part “off the hook” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Develop slowly. B. Improve too fast.
C. Free of responsibility. D. Attract public attention.
35. In which section of the website can you probably read the text
A. Environment. B. Lifestyle. C. Fitness. D. Business.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Resolving (解决) Conflict in Friendships
Conflict is surely a common problem in life and friendships.___36___ That's because there isn't enough depth to guarantee all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement. Unfortunately, even when the friendship reaches a deeper level, conflict continues to happen and can break apart a relationship. Here are some resolutions.
Resolve it the day it happens. One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don't go to bed angry with each other. They always attempt to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it's a fresh start with no past grudge (怨恨). I've found I need a short cool down period so that I don't act in anger.___37___ Whatever you do, don't let things ride for too long.
___38___ Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over, you begin to see where the other person is coming from. Realize that everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personality traits. For example, you might be a leader while your friend is more of a follower. You may be frustrated with him or her for not being very decisive. Yet it is important to understand that each person is unique and needs to be appreciated.
Initiate resolution. ___39___ Even when you think the other person is wrong，it's not a bad thing to say "I'm sorry if I offended you in that way." If you're honest and genuine in delivering your words, there's a good chance your friend will respond positively.
Most importantly, be loving in what you do. Try to focus on peacefully resolving the disagreement. It is not a most pleasant task to resolve conflict in any friendship. ___40___
A. Don't expect too much.
B. Try to see the other person's perspective.
C. Be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part.
D. Many shallow friendships end up being ruined after an argument.
E. To say sorry bravely when a conflict breaks out is a better resolution.
F. However, it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.
G. For some, counting to one hundred before saying anything may be an option.
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country. They spent months ____41____ and planning for their adventure.
But one day just a few months before they were going to ____42____, Davis felt an intense pain across his ____43____. He was soon diagnosed with heart failure, a serious condition in which the heart can no longer ____44____ blood efficiently. “It was ____45____ because I was so fit, and just a couple months later I could hardly ____46____,” he said.
His doctors told him that the only way he’d ____47____ was with a new heart. By November, Davis was placed on a heart transplant list—a/an____48____ that can take months, if not years. “You don’t know if you’re going to get a heart,” he said. “You ____49____ hope.”
But Davis’ condition quickly worsened, and for 11 days, he was kept ____50____ with a balloon pump placed inside his heart. On the 12th day, Davis was ____51____ learn that a new heart was on its way. It would come from a wife and mother named Sarah Ivy.
Today, Davis marvels that he is still alive. And he is filled with ____52____ for Ivy and her family, who gave him the gift of life in a time of ____53____.
Davis and his wife are now considering ____54____ that cross-country bicycle trip. And on the way, they plan to meet Ivy’s family for the first time, to thank them ____55____.
41. A. studying B. training C. working D. struggling
42. A. start B. quit C. win D. return
43. A. shoulder B. chest C. arm D. leg
44. A. donate B. produce C. pump D. seek
45. A unbelievable B. available C. professional D. optional
46. A. stay up B. get around C. settle down D. join in
47. A. compete B. perform C. survive D. react
48. A. operation B. examination C. game D. wait
49. A. also B. even C. again D. just
50. A. athletic B. alive C. attractive D. joyful
51. A. excited B. eager C. curious D. patient
52. A. embarrassment B. disappointment C. gratitude D. satisfaction
53. A. sadness B. faith C. relief D. concern
54. A. spending B. taking C. canceling D. promoting
55. A. in return B. in secret C. in person D. in public
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many locals in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, the day begins with a hot, steaming bowl of beef noodles. Currently, there are over 1,600 shops ____56____(sell) Lanzhou beef noodles in this ancient city on the banks of the Yellow River, with annual sales estimated at more than $58 billion.
The ____57____(early) Lanzhou clear-soup beef noodles developed from Chen Weijing’s Lao Tang beef noodles from Henan Province during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Then Ma Liuqi from Gansu learned ____58____ Chen how to make the beef noodles and brought it to Lanzhou. This ____59____(follow)by Chen Hesheng, Ma Baozi and others who established the standard of Lanzhou beef noodles and carried it forward.
Lanzhou beef noodles can be classified (分类) into more than 10 types ____60____(base) on their thickness, with each type having its own name. The noodle types are determined by the different age groups they are ____61____(suit) for. For example, the thinner noodles are ideal for older people as they are easier to chew. Young people have a ____62____(prefer) for the thicker and wider noodles.
For over 200 years, this bowl of beef noodles ____63____(become) world-famous for its tender meat and tasty soup, as well as its fine noodle texture. Now Gansu Province is considering passing ____64____ law related to Lanzhou beef noodles, _____65_____ is believed to provide legal protection for the industry to achieve higher quality in production, business operation and services.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的“It may sound terrifying but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” because of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has seen.(这听起来可能很可怕，但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷”，因为它经过的是巨大的坟墓，而不是道路上发生的交通事故的数量。)”可知，之所以这样命名是因为这条路线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的“Approximate distance:100km loop(环线)(大约距离：100公里环线)”；Tuesday/Thursday TTT部分的“Approximate distance: 54km loop(大约距离：54公里环线)”；The Verse部分的“Approximate distance:120km loop(大约距离：120公里环线)”；Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的“Approximate distance:70km loop(大约距离：70公里环线)”可知，路线最短的应该是Tuesday/Thursday TTT，只有54公里环线。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Verse部分的“It’s a hike that is well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival and a ride back that is mostly downhill.(这是一次非常值得的徒步旅行，因为你到达时可以看到长城的壮丽景色，而回程则主要是下坡。)”可知，这条路线可以看见长城的壮丽景色，根据Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的“This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal from Beijing. The Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.(这个公园是从北京来的骑手们观赏大运河最近的地方。大运河是中国真正的奇迹，也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之一。)”可知，这条路线可以看到大运河，由此可知，这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。故选D。
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，这在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗 萨洛佩科，于是决定陪保罗在云南徒步旅行，本文描写了他们一路上的见闻和感悟。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world. (我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗 萨洛佩科要用自己的双脚环游整个地球时，我被震撼了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。)”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism. (他兴奋地跟我讲起我所在的中国地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了南方丝绸之路——蜀身毒道，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫 洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为其中许多人都是英雄，从某种意义上说，他们是中国慢新闻的先驱。)”可推知，保罗 萨洛佩科对中国有一定的了解。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds. (我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围着我们，看着我们；有人给我们指路；有些人邀请我们去他们家休息；一些人谈到了家乡的魅力。我们遇见了许多美丽的灵魂、朴素的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用我们的思想行走。)”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗遇到了形形色色的人，他们与人们建立了联系。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures. (回顾我和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。为步行而步行，虽然健康和令人钦佩，但只是用我们双脚移动的一小部分好处。更深层次的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化。)”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，这里在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗 萨洛佩科，于是决定陪保罗去云南，文章描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。由此可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets.(大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关)”可知，人们对食用红肉的普遍看法可能使我们患心脏病。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign.(当你看到一长串的配料表，包括“天然香料”时，把它当作一个警告信号)”以及后文“products with lengthy ingredient lists(含有冗长成分表的产品)”可知，当看到一长串的配料，包括“天然香料”时，我们应该把它当作一个警告信号。换句话说，避开配料表冗长的产品。由此可知，划线词意思是“避免”。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”(“我们确实从动物性食物中获取营养——铁、锌和其他矿物质。但它也含有脂肪和胆固醇，所以控制我们的摄入量是有益的，”Banna说。“素食替代品非常美味，所以我们不应该回避它们。”)”可知，Banna建议我们寻求植物性食物。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us (大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关。与此同时，制造商们正忙着生产越来越美味的、更像肉类的产品，这些产品与真正的东西相匹配，这使得从食用动物转变成一种不需要思考的事情。但是这些假肉制品真的对我们更健康吗？)”结合文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。由此可知，B选项“假肉制品对你有好处吗？”符合文章标题。故选B。
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是英国出现了污水危机，自来水公司向河流和海洋排放了太多的污水，为此，四分之一的游泳者可能不会在海里游泳。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查).(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies.(超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers.(英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的““Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said.(英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“The government needs to stop letting water companies…(政府需要停止让水务公司)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中的环境一栏。故选A项。
【答案】36. D 37. G 38. B 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了冲突无疑是生活和友谊中常见的问题，我们要努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突，比如在冲突发生的那一天就去解决，从对方的角度看问题，真诚地表达自己的观点并及时道歉等。
【36题详解】
根据下一句“That's because there isn't enough depth to guarantee all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement (这是因为没有足够的深度来保证消除分歧所带来的所有麻烦)”可知，句中的“there isn't enough depth (没有足够的深度)”与D项中的“shallow (肤浅的)”对应，选项 D. Many shallow friendships end up being ruined after an argument.(许多肤浅的友谊在一次争吵后都被毁掉了。)”符合逻辑以及语境，下文的that指代选项提到这件事。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据前一句“I've found I need a short cool down period so that I don't act in anger (我发现我需要一个短暂的冷静期，这样我才不会生气)”可知，句中的“a short cool down period (一个短暂的冷静期)”与G项中的“counting to one hundred before saying anything (数到一百再说话)”对应， 选项G. However,it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.(然而，对有些人来说，数到一百再说话可能是一种选择)符合逻辑以及语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
设空处为本段主旨句。根据下一句“Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over,you begin to see where the other person is coming from. Realize that everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personality traits. (有时候，如果你坐下来好好谈一谈，你就会发现对方是从哪里来的.认识到每个人都有不同的天赋、能力和个性特征。)”可知,本段建议从他人的角度来看问题。B项Try to see the other person's perspective.(试着从对方的角度看问。)可以作为主旨句，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下一句“Even when you think the other person is wrong,it's not a bad thing to say"I'm sorry if I offended you in that way. (即使你认为对方错了，说“如果我那样冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是坏事)”可知，句中的“I'm sorry (我很抱歉)”与C项中的“say sorry (道歉)”对应，C项Be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part.(在战斗中做第一个为你的角色道歉的人)内容相关，符合语境，故选C。
【40题详解】
根据前一句“It is not a most pleasant task to resolve conflict in any friendship (在任何友谊中解决冲突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”，以及结合文章主旨“努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突”，可知，句中的“not a most pleasant task (不是一件令人愉快的事情)”与F项中的“it is worth the efforts (这是值得的努力)”形成对比，再次点明主旨，F项. However, it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.(然而，这是值得的努力，因为它导致了更深的友谊)衔接合理，符合语境以及文章主旨，故选F。
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了戴维斯和妻子本来决定骑自行车横穿全国，结果戴维斯查出了心力衰竭，病情迅速恶化，生命危在旦夕，最后幸亏得到了一个名叫莎拉·艾薇的人的捐赠，戴维斯活了下来。最后戴维斯和妻子继续骑行全国这一计划，并计划当面感谢艾薇的家人。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们花了几个月的时间训练和计划他们的冒险。A. studying学习；B. training训练；C. working工作；D. struggling努力。根据上文“A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country.(几年前，安迪·戴维斯和他的妻子决定骑自行车横穿全国)”此处指为这次冒险进行训练。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但就在他们开始前几个月的一天，戴维斯感到胸口一阵剧痛。A. start开始；B. quit停止；C. win获胜；D. return返回。根据上文“But one day just a few months before they were going to”可知，指他们开始这次冒险之前，戴维斯胸口疼。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在他们开始前几个月的一天，戴维斯感到胸口一阵剧痛。A. shoulder肩膀；B. chest胸膛，胸口；C. arm胳膊；D. leg腿。根据后文“He was soon diagnosed with heart failure(他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭)”可知是胸口疼。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭，这是一种严重的疾病，心脏不能再有效地泵血。A. donate捐赠；B. produce产生；C. pump泵；D. seek寻找。根据上文“He was soon diagnosed with heart failure(他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭)”可知心力衰竭表明心脏不能再有效地泵血。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这太不可思议了，因为我本来很健康，但几个月后我就几乎不能到处走动了。”A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. available可获得的；C. professional专业的；D. optional可选择的。根据后文“because I was so fit”可知，戴维斯认为自己很健康，结果得了心力衰竭，感到不可思议。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“这太不可思议了，因为我本来很健康，但几个月后我就几乎不能到处走动了。”A. stay up熬夜；B. get around走动；C. settle down安定下来；D. join in加入。根据上文可知他心力衰竭，因此不能再四处走动了，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的医生告诉他，唯一能让他活下来的办法就是换个新心脏。A. compete比赛；B. perform表演；C. survive幸存；D. react反应。根据后文“was with a new heart”以及后文移植心脏可知，唯一能让他活下来的办法就是换个新心脏。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了11月，戴维斯被列入了心脏移植的等待名单——这可能需要几个月，甚至几年的时间。A. operation手术；B. examination检查；C. game游戏；D. wait等待。根据后文“that can take months, if not years”可知，他被列入了心脏移植的等待名单，可能等待需要几个月，甚至几年的时间。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你只是希望而已。A. also也；B. even甚至；C. again再次；D. just只是。根据上文“You don’t know if you’re going to get a heart(你不知道自己能否得到心脏)”可知，无法知道自己能否得到心脏，只能抱有希望。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但戴维斯的病情迅速恶化，在11天的时间里，他靠放置在心脏里的气球泵维持生命。A. athletic运动的；B. alive活着的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. joyful快乐的。根据后文“with a balloon pump placed inside his heart”可知，他靠心脏里的气球泵活着。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第12天，戴维斯兴奋地得知一个新的心脏即将到来。A. excited激动的；B. eager渴望的；C. curious好奇的；D. patient耐心的。根据后文“learn that a new heart was on its way”可知得知自己有了新心脏戴维斯感到兴奋。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，他们在他悲伤的时候给了他生命的礼物。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. disappointment失望；C. gratitude感激；D. satisfaction满足。根据后文“to thank them”可知他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，他们在他悲伤的时候给了他生命的礼物。A. sadness悲伤；B. faith信念；C. relief安慰；D. concern关心。根据上文可知戴维斯得了心力衰竭，一直再等待心脏移植，所以是悲伤的时候。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：戴维斯和他的妻子正在考虑进行一次越野自行车旅行。A. spending花费；B. taking带走；C. canceling取消；D. promoting促进。根据第一段“A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country.”以及后文“that cross-country bicycle trip”此处指戴维斯和他的妻子正在考虑进行一次越野自行车旅行。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在路上，他们计划第一次见到艾薇的家人，当面感谢他们。A. in return作为回报；B. in secret秘密地；C. in person亲自，当面；D. in public公开地。根据上文“they plan to meet Ivy’s family for the first time, to thank them”可知，他们计划去见艾薇的家人，是为了当面感谢他们。故选C。
【答案】56. selling
57. earliest
58. from 59. was followed
60. based 61. suitable
62. preference
63. has become
64. a 65. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兰州牛肉面的历史、风味和发展。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，在这个黄河之滨的古城，出售兰州牛肉面的有1600多家店铺，年销售额估计超过580亿美元。分析句子结构可知，sell与逻辑主语over 1,600 shops之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填selling。
【57题详解】
考查最高级。句意：最早的兰州清汤牛肉面是由清代嘉庆年间河南陈维敬的老汤牛肉面发展而来的。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最早的”可知应用最高级。故填earliest。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：后来，甘肃人马六七从陈那里学到了牛肉面的制作方法，并把牛肉面带到了兰州。短语learn from sb.表示“向某人学习”。故填from。
【59题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：随后，陈鹤生、马保子等人创立了兰州牛肉面的标准，并将其发扬光大。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文established可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was followed。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：兰州牛肉面根据厚度可以分为10多种，每种都有自己的名字。短语be based on表示 “根据……；以……为基础”，此处过去分词作状语。故填based。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：面条的种类取决于它们适合的不同年龄组。空格中所填单词在句中作表语，应用形容词suitable。故填suitable。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：年轻人更喜欢更粗更宽的面条。空格中所填单词在句中作have的宾语，应用名词preference。故填preference。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：200多年来，这碗牛肉面以肉质细嫩、汤汁鲜美、面质细腻而闻名于世。此处“for +一段时间”作状语，谓语动词常用现在完成时，主语为this bowl of beef noodles，助动词用has。故填has become。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：目前，甘肃省正在考虑通过一项与兰州牛肉面有关的法律，这被认为是为行业提供法律保护，以实现更高的生产、经营和服务质量。law这里泛指一部法律，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。故填a。
65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：目前，甘肃省正在考虑通过一项与兰州牛肉面有关的法律，这被认为是为行业提供法律保护，以实现更高的生产、经营和服务质量。引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a law，并在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。
英语练案
使用日期：2024年1月10日
编号：X2U2练案3
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” because of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has seen. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center and great for really stretching your legs.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday and Thursday mornings at 5am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance:120km loop
It passes a cafe with good(although expensive)food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a hike that is well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance:70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal from Beijing. The Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back to the 5th century B. C. It will be a fun ride here.
21. How does the route Death Valley get its name
A. It offers deadly loops for cars. B. It is located in an isolated place.
C. It involves passing a large tomb. D. It witnesses numerous accidents for cyclists.
22. Which of the following covers the shortest distance
A. Death Valley. B. Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C. The Verse. D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park:
23. What do the last two routes have in common
A. There are on-road accidents. B. There are some cafes.
C. They have adequate bike lanes. D. They have historical sites.
B
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
24. How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan
A. Scared. B. Puzzled.
C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.
25. What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2
A. He was a western journalist. B. He had a knowledge of China.
C. He came to China several times. D. He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
26. What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul
A. They honored the ancestors. B. They set off in high spirits.
C. They satisfied the locals’ curiosity. D. They built bonds with people.
27. What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text
A. To share and reflect on a journey. B. To suggest a new way of travel.
C. To advocate protection of biodiversity. D. To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
C
Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it ”
Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example, on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
28. What is the common belief on consuming red meat
A. It is beneficial to our planet. B. It can stimulate the economy.
C. It should be served with vegetables. D. It may make us suffer from heart disease.
29. What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Avoid. B. Provide. C. Inspect. D. Purchase.
30. What does Banna advise people to do
A. Take in more minerals. B. Turn to convenient food instead.
C. Seek for plant-based meals. D. Choose some animal-based substitutes.
31 What can be the best title for the text
A. Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying B. Are Fake Meat Products Good For You
C. Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion D. What Happened To The Plant-based Meat
D
Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at 250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend 10bn—doubling current levels of investment—on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
32. What does the poll show
A. Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year.
B. Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches.
C. Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted.
D. Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23.
33. What suggestion does the Department for Environment make to the government
A. Reducing bonuses of water company managers.
B. Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies.
C. Fining rule-breaking water companies at least 250,000.
D. Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits.
34. What does the underlined part “off the hook” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Develop slowly. B. Improve too fast.
C. Free of responsibility. D. Attract public attention.
35. In which section of the website can you probably read the text
A. Environment. B. Lifestyle. C. Fitness. D. Business.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Resolving (解决) Conflict in Friendships
Conflict is surely a common problem in life and friendships.___36___ That's because there isn't enough depth to guarantee all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement. Unfortunately, even when the friendship reaches a deeper level, conflict continues to happen and can break apart a relationship. Here are some resolutions.
Resolve it the day it happens. One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don't go to bed angry with each other. They always attempt to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it's a fresh start with no past grudge (怨恨). I've found I need a short cool down period so that I don't act in anger.___37___ Whatever you do, don't let things ride for too long.
___38___ Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over, you begin to see where the other person is coming from. Realize that everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personality traits. For example, you might be a leader while your friend is more of a follower. You may be frustrated with him or her for not being very decisive. Yet it is important to understand that each person is unique and needs to be appreciated.
Initiate resolution. ___39___ Even when you think the other person is wrong，it's not a bad thing to say "I'm sorry if I offended you in that way." If you're honest and genuine in delivering your words, there's a good chance your friend will respond positively.
Most importantly, be loving in what you do. Try to focus on peacefully resolving the disagreement. It is not a most pleasant task to resolve conflict in any friendship. ___40___
A. Don't expect too much.
B. Try to see the other person's perspective.
C. Be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part.
D. Many shallow friendships end up being ruined after an argument.
E. To say sorry bravely when a conflict breaks out is a better resolution.
F. However, it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.
G. For some, counting to one hundred before saying anything may be an option.
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country. They spent months ____41____ and planning for their adventure.
But one day just a few months before they were going to ____42____, Davis felt an intense pain across his ____43____. He was soon diagnosed with heart failure, a serious condition in which the heart can no longer ____44____ blood efficiently. “It was ____45____ because I was so fit, and just a couple months later I could hardly ____46____,” he said.
His doctors told him that the only way he’d ____47____ was with a new heart. By November, Davis was placed on a heart transplant list—a/an____48____ that can take months, if not years. “You don’t know if you’re going to get a heart,” he said. “You ____49____ hope.”
But Davis’ condition quickly worsened, and for 11 days, he was kept ____50____ with a balloon pump placed inside his heart. On the 12th day, Davis was ____51____ learn that a new heart was on its way. It would come from a wife and mother named Sarah Ivy.
Today, Davis marvels that he is still alive. And he is filled with ____52____ for Ivy and her family, who gave him the gift of life in a time of ____53____.
Davis and his wife are now considering ____54____ that cross-country bicycle trip. And on the way, they plan to meet Ivy’s family for the first time, to thank them ____55____.
41. A. studying B. training C. working D. struggling
42. A. start B. quit C. win D. return
43. A. shoulder B. chest C. arm D. leg
44. A. donate B. produce C. pump D. seek
45. A unbelievable B. available C. professional D. optional
46. A. stay up B. get around C. settle down D. join in
47. A. compete B. perform C. survive D. react
48. A. operation B. examination C. game D. wait
49. A. also B. even C. again D. just
50. A. athletic B. alive C. attractive D. joyful
51. A. excited B. eager C. curious D. patient
52. A. embarrassment B. disappointment C. gratitude D. satisfaction
53. A. sadness B. faith C. relief D. concern
54. A. spending B. taking C. canceling D. promoting
55. A. in return B. in secret C. in person D. in public
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many locals in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, the day begins with a hot, steaming bowl of beef noodles. Currently, there are over 1,600 shops ____56____(sell) Lanzhou beef noodles in this ancient city on the banks of the Yellow River, with annual sales estimated at more than $58 billion.
The ____57____(early) Lanzhou clear-soup beef noodles developed from Chen Weijing’s Lao Tang beef noodles from Henan Province during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Then Ma Liuqi from Gansu learned ____58____ Chen how to make the beef noodles and brought it to Lanzhou. This ____59____(follow)by Chen Hesheng, Ma Baozi and others who established the standard of Lanzhou beef noodles and carried it forward.
Lanzhou beef noodles can be classified (分类) into more than 10 types ____60____(base) on their thickness, with each type having its own name. The noodle types are determined by the different age groups they are ____61____(suit) for. For example, the thinner noodles are ideal for older people as they are easier to chew. Young people have a ____62____(prefer) for the thicker and wider noodles.
For over 200 years, this bowl of beef noodles ____63____(become) world-famous for its tender meat and tasty soup, as well as its fine noodle texture. Now Gansu Province is considering passing ____64____ law related to Lanzhou beef noodles, _____65_____ is believed to provide legal protection for the industry to achieve higher quality in production, business operation and services.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的“It may sound terrifying but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” because of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has seen.(这听起来可能很可怕，但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷”，因为它经过的是巨大的坟墓，而不是道路上发生的交通事故的数量。)”可知，之所以这样命名是因为这条路线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分的“Approximate distance:100km loop(环线)(大约距离：100公里环线)”；Tuesday/Thursday TTT部分的“Approximate distance: 54km loop(大约距离：54公里环线)”；The Verse部分的“Approximate distance:120km loop(大约距离：120公里环线)”；Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的“Approximate distance:70km loop(大约距离：70公里环线)”可知，路线最短的应该是Tuesday/Thursday TTT，只有54公里环线。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Verse部分的“It’s a hike that is well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival and a ride back that is mostly downhill.(这是一次非常值得的徒步旅行，因为你到达时可以看到长城的壮丽景色，而回程则主要是下坡。)”可知，这条路线可以看见长城的壮丽景色，根据Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分的“This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal from Beijing. The Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.(这个公园是从北京来的骑手们观赏大运河最近的地方。大运河是中国真正的奇迹，也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之一。)”可知，这条路线可以看到大运河，由此可知，这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。故选D。
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，这在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗 萨洛佩科，于是决定陪保罗在云南徒步旅行，本文描写了他们一路上的见闻和感悟。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world. (我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗 萨洛佩科要用自己的双脚环游整个地球时，我被震撼了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。)”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism. (他兴奋地跟我讲起我所在的中国地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了南方丝绸之路——蜀身毒道，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫 洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为其中许多人都是英雄，从某种意义上说，他们是中国慢新闻的先驱。)”可推知，保罗 萨洛佩科对中国有一定的了解。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds. (我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围着我们，看着我们；有人给我们指路；有些人邀请我们去他们家休息；一些人谈到了家乡的魅力。我们遇见了许多美丽的灵魂、朴素的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用我们的思想行走。)”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗遇到了形形色色的人，他们与人们建立了联系。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures. (回顾我和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。为步行而步行，虽然健康和令人钦佩，但只是用我们双脚移动的一小部分好处。更深层次的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化。)”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，这里在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗 萨洛佩科，于是决定陪保罗去云南，文章描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。由此可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets.(大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关)”可知，人们对食用红肉的普遍看法可能使我们患心脏病。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign.(当你看到一长串的配料表，包括“天然香料”时，把它当作一个警告信号)”以及后文“products with lengthy ingredient lists(含有冗长成分表的产品)”可知，当看到一长串的配料，包括“天然香料”时，我们应该把它当作一个警告信号。换句话说，避开配料表冗长的产品。由此可知，划线词意思是“避免”。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”(“我们确实从动物性食物中获取营养——铁、锌和其他矿物质。但它也含有脂肪和胆固醇，所以控制我们的摄入量是有益的，”Banna说。“素食替代品非常美味，所以我们不应该回避它们。”)”可知，Banna建议我们寻求植物性食物。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us (大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关。与此同时，制造商们正忙着生产越来越美味的、更像肉类的产品，这些产品与真正的东西相匹配，这使得从食用动物转变成一种不需要思考的事情。但是这些假肉制品真的对我们更健康吗？)”结合文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。由此可知，B选项“假肉制品对你有好处吗？”符合文章标题。故选B。
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是英国出现了污水危机，自来水公司向河流和海洋排放了太多的污水，为此，四分之一的游泳者可能不会在海里游泳。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查).(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies.(超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers.(英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的““Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said.(英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“The government needs to stop letting water companies…(政府需要停止让水务公司)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中的环境一栏。故选A项。
【答案】36. D 37. G 38. B 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了冲突无疑是生活和友谊中常见的问题，我们要努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突，比如在冲突发生的那一天就去解决，从对方的角度看问题，真诚地表达自己的观点并及时道歉等。
【36题详解】
根据下一句“That's because there isn't enough depth to guarantee all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement (这是因为没有足够的深度来保证消除分歧所带来的所有麻烦)”可知，句中的“there isn't enough depth (没有足够的深度)”与D项中的“shallow (肤浅的)”对应，选项 D. Many shallow friendships end up being ruined after an argument.(许多肤浅的友谊在一次争吵后都被毁掉了。)”符合逻辑以及语境，下文的that指代选项提到这件事。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据前一句“I've found I need a short cool down period so that I don't act in anger (我发现我需要一个短暂的冷静期，这样我才不会生气)”可知，句中的“a short cool down period (一个短暂的冷静期)”与G项中的“counting to one hundred before saying anything (数到一百再说话)”对应， 选项G. However,it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.(然而，对有些人来说，数到一百再说话可能是一种选择)符合逻辑以及语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
设空处为本段主旨句。根据下一句“Sometimes if you sit down and talk things over,you begin to see where the other person is coming from. Realize that everyone has been created differently with various talents, abilities, and personality traits. (有时候，如果你坐下来好好谈一谈，你就会发现对方是从哪里来的.认识到每个人都有不同的天赋、能力和个性特征。)”可知,本段建议从他人的角度来看问题。B项Try to see the other person's perspective.(试着从对方的角度看问。)可以作为主旨句，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下一句“Even when you think the other person is wrong,it's not a bad thing to say"I'm sorry if I offended you in that way. (即使你认为对方错了，说“如果我那样冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是坏事)”可知，句中的“I'm sorry (我很抱歉)”与C项中的“say sorry (道歉)”对应，C项Be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part.(在战斗中做第一个为你的角色道歉的人)内容相关，符合语境，故选C。
【40题详解】
根据前一句“It is not a most pleasant task to resolve conflict in any friendship (在任何友谊中解决冲突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”，以及结合文章主旨“努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突”，可知，句中的“not a most pleasant task (不是一件令人愉快的事情)”与F项中的“it is worth the efforts (这是值得的努力)”形成对比，再次点明主旨，F项. However, it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship.(然而，这是值得的努力，因为它导致了更深的友谊)衔接合理，符合语境以及文章主旨，故选F。
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了戴维斯和妻子本来决定骑自行车横穿全国，结果戴维斯查出了心力衰竭，病情迅速恶化，生命危在旦夕，最后幸亏得到了一个名叫莎拉·艾薇的人的捐赠，戴维斯活了下来。最后戴维斯和妻子继续骑行全国这一计划，并计划当面感谢艾薇的家人。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们花了几个月的时间训练和计划他们的冒险。A. studying学习；B. training训练；C. working工作；D. struggling努力。根据上文“A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country.(几年前，安迪·戴维斯和他的妻子决定骑自行车横穿全国)”此处指为这次冒险进行训练。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但就在他们开始前几个月的一天，戴维斯感到胸口一阵剧痛。A. start开始；B. quit停止；C. win获胜；D. return返回。根据上文“But one day just a few months before they were going to”可知，指他们开始这次冒险之前，戴维斯胸口疼。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在他们开始前几个月的一天，戴维斯感到胸口一阵剧痛。A. shoulder肩膀；B. chest胸膛，胸口；C. arm胳膊；D. leg腿。根据后文“He was soon diagnosed with heart failure(他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭)”可知是胸口疼。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭，这是一种严重的疾病，心脏不能再有效地泵血。A. donate捐赠；B. produce产生；C. pump泵；D. seek寻找。根据上文“He was soon diagnosed with heart failure(他很快被诊断出患有心力衰竭)”可知心力衰竭表明心脏不能再有效地泵血。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这太不可思议了，因为我本来很健康，但几个月后我就几乎不能到处走动了。”A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. available可获得的；C. professional专业的；D. optional可选择的。根据后文“because I was so fit”可知，戴维斯认为自己很健康，结果得了心力衰竭，感到不可思议。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“这太不可思议了，因为我本来很健康，但几个月后我就几乎不能到处走动了。”A. stay up熬夜；B. get around走动；C. settle down安定下来；D. join in加入。根据上文可知他心力衰竭，因此不能再四处走动了，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的医生告诉他，唯一能让他活下来的办法就是换个新心脏。A. compete比赛；B. perform表演；C. survive幸存；D. react反应。根据后文“was with a new heart”以及后文移植心脏可知，唯一能让他活下来的办法就是换个新心脏。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了11月，戴维斯被列入了心脏移植的等待名单——这可能需要几个月，甚至几年的时间。A. operation手术；B. examination检查；C. game游戏；D. wait等待。根据后文“that can take months, if not years”可知，他被列入了心脏移植的等待名单，可能等待需要几个月，甚至几年的时间。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你只是希望而已。A. also也；B. even甚至；C. again再次；D. just只是。根据上文“You don’t know if you’re going to get a heart(你不知道自己能否得到心脏)”可知，无法知道自己能否得到心脏，只能抱有希望。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但戴维斯的病情迅速恶化，在11天的时间里，他靠放置在心脏里的气球泵维持生命。A. athletic运动的；B. alive活着的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. joyful快乐的。根据后文“with a balloon pump placed inside his heart”可知，他靠心脏里的气球泵活着。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第12天，戴维斯兴奋地得知一个新的心脏即将到来。A. excited激动的；B. eager渴望的；C. curious好奇的；D. patient耐心的。根据后文“learn that a new heart was on its way”可知得知自己有了新心脏戴维斯感到兴奋。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，他们在他悲伤的时候给了他生命的礼物。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. disappointment失望；C. gratitude感激；D. satisfaction满足。根据后文“to thank them”可知他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对艾薇和她的家人充满感激之情，他们在他悲伤的时候给了他生命的礼物。A. sadness悲伤；B. faith信念；C. relief安慰；D. concern关心。根据上文可知戴维斯得了心力衰竭，一直再等待心脏移植，所以是悲伤的时候。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：戴维斯和他的妻子正在考虑进行一次越野自行车旅行。A. spending花费；B. taking带走；C. canceling取消；D. promoting促进。根据第一段“A few years ago, Andy Davis and his wife decided to ride their bikes across the country.”以及后文“that cross-country bicycle trip”此处指戴维斯和他的妻子正在考虑进行一次越野自行车旅行。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在路上，他们计划第一次见到艾薇的家人，当面感谢他们。A. in return作为回报；B. in secret秘密地；C. in person亲自，当面；D. in public公开地。根据上文“they plan to meet Ivy’s family for the first time, to thank them”可知，他们计划去见艾薇的家人，是为了当面感谢他们。故选C。
【答案】56. selling
57. earliest
58. from 59. was followed
60. based 61. suitable
62. preference
63. has become
64. a 65. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了兰州牛肉面的历史、风味和发展。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，在这个黄河之滨的古城，出售兰州牛肉面的有1600多家店铺，年销售额估计超过580亿美元。分析句子结构可知，sell与逻辑主语over 1,600 shops之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填selling。
【57题详解】
考查最高级。句意：最早的兰州清汤牛肉面是由清代嘉庆年间河南陈维敬的老汤牛肉面发展而来的。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最早的”可知应用最高级。故填earliest。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：后来，甘肃人马六七从陈那里学到了牛肉面的制作方法，并把牛肉面带到了兰州。短语learn from sb.表示“向某人学习”。故填from。
【59题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：随后，陈鹤生、马保子等人创立了兰州牛肉面的标准，并将其发扬光大。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文established可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was followed。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：兰州牛肉面根据厚度可以分为10多种，每种都有自己的名字。短语be based on表示 “根据……；以……为基础”，此处过去分词作状语。故填based。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：面条的种类取决于它们适合的不同年龄组。空格中所填单词在句中作表语，应用形容词suitable。故填suitable。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：年轻人更喜欢更粗更宽的面条。空格中所填单词在句中作have的宾语，应用名词preference。故填preference。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意：200多年来，这碗牛肉面以肉质细嫩、汤汁鲜美、面质细腻而闻名于世。此处“for +一段时间”作状语，谓语动词常用现在完成时，主语为this bowl of beef noodles，助动词用has。故填has become。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：目前，甘肃省正在考虑通过一项与兰州牛肉面有关的法律，这被认为是为行业提供法律保护，以实现更高的生产、经营和服务质量。law这里泛指一部法律，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。故填a。
65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：目前，甘肃省正在考虑通过一项与兰州牛肉面有关的法律，这被认为是为行业提供法律保护，以实现更高的生产、经营和服务质量。引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a law，并在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。