2024年高考英语备考：专题二 语法填空 课件(共141张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语备考：专题二 语法填空 课件(共141张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 3.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-24 12:08:11 | ||
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(共141张PPT)
专题二 语法填空
考情分析
01
巩固自评
02
01
考情分析
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 语境 话题 考点分布 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词 形容词 /副词 代 词 数 词 连 (接) 词 冠 词 介
词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 介绍中国小吃——小笼包 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 1 1
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 自然 在柏林动物园教英语 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 1
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 北京古老建筑和现代化发展的独特结合 2 3 1 1 0 0 2 0 1
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 寓言故事 1 3 1 1 0 1 2 0 1
2022 全国新高 考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 大熊猫国家公园 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 1
全国新高 考Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 2 2 1 2 0 0 2 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 首届国际茶日 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 自我 失明男子徒步旅行 1 3 1 2 0 0 1 1 1
2021 全国新高 考Ⅰ卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与 自然 黄山美景 1 0 1 4 1 0 2 1 0
全国新高 考Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 自然 倡导环境保护 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 自然 生态旅游 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 2
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 社会 游览西安古城墙 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1
续表
规律 总结 1.文章一般选取200词左右的说明文或记叙文，注重思想性和核心素养的培养。
2.主要考查语法、词汇语用知识，强调语篇分析能力，突出交际性和语境化特征。
3.有提示词的填空题约6—7个，提示词多为实词。无提示词的填空题约3—4个，无提示词处多考查虚词。
备考 建议 1.在语篇中训练考点，加强语篇分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。在真实的交际场景中进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用。
2.加强背诵。动词的不规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词形间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须记牢记准。
3.坚定文化自信，平时多关注体现中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化和爱国主义的文章。
一、有提示词
考向一 提示词为动词
动词的变化是语法填空题中的考查重点，通常有三种考查形式：谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致)、非谓语动词和词的派生。
谓语动词
典例示范1
As a little girl, I________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
wished 考查时态。此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填wished。
典例示范2
Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
was amazed 考查时态和固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据下文how a city was able to keep可知，本句应用一般过去时；固定搭配be amazed by意为“对……感到惊讶”。
典例示范3
The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
means 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据上下文可知，本句时态应为一般现在时；且主语为development，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
典例示范4
Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
be employed 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
典例示范5
In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
has walked 考查时态。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
典例示范6
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
were 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语。从句先行词为a significant number of areas，关系词在从句中作主语。根据previously(之前)可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。根据主谓一致原则，若从句主语为复数形式，那么从句谓语也为复数形
式。故填were。
典例示范7
The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。design和主语The GPNP之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系；此处叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语也应为单数形式。故填is designed。
典例示范8
To appreciate a painting, we’re taught to look for colour, composition, and light. But how can a painting (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
be appreciated 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个特殊疑问句。此处和前面的can一起构成本句的谓语，a painting和appreciate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填be appreciated。
典例示范9
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
is viewed/has been viewed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处可以用一般现在时陈述客观情况，也可以用现在完成时表示人们从过去到现在的认知。分析句子结构可知，主语“Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops”与动词view构成逻辑上的动宾关系；且主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is viewed或has been viewed。
典例示范10
Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
was fixing 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事，故应用过去进行时。并且主语Henry为第三人称单数，故谓语应用was fixing。
非谓语动词
典例示范1
Shanghai may be the________ (recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
recognised 考查非谓语动词。此处“home”意为“发源地”，与recognise之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填recognised。
典例示范2
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。lift和them之间为动宾关系，所以应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be lifted。
典例示范3
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left________(want) more next time.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
wanting 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作主语补足语。want与I之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填wanting。
典例示范4
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
visiting 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词的现在分词形式作定语修饰名词zookeepers，意为“来访的”。故填visiting。
典例示范5
________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
Having visited 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。visit和主句主语I之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，应用现在分词的完成时态。故填Having visited。
典例示范6
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
recording 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配spend… time (in) doing sth.意为
“花费……时间做某事”。故填recording。
典例示范7
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
to teach 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
典例示范8
“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
borrowing 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。borrow与其逻辑主语her fable之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
典例示范9
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
intended 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词。intend和message之间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填intended。
典例示范10
(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
To strengthen 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
inviting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，invite与其逻辑主语the event之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
词的派生
典例示范1
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
tasty 考查词性转换。此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词soup。故填tasty。
典例示范2
Since June 2017, right before the________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
arrival 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词。故填arrival。
典例示范3
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ________(warn) about environmental destruction.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
warning 考查词性转换和名词的单复数。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，应用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
典例示范4
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
protection 考查名词。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection作宾语。故填protection。
典例示范5
On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell (sleep) while watching TV.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
asleep 考查词性转换。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词或名词，意为
“睡觉”，其形容词形式为asleep和sleepy。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“睡着”。故填asleep。
典例示范6
But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ________(astonish).
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
astonished 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处描述的是us的感受，所以用astonished，表示“感到惊讶的”。
典例示范7
I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
harmful 考查词性转换。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词。故填harmful。
典例示范8
A company (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
representative 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，该空作句子的主语，应用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，应用单数形式。故填representative。
典例示范9
In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _______(marry) ceremony in 1842.
[2021·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
marriage 考查词性转换。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处要用名词形式；one’s marriage ceremony意为“某人的结婚仪式”。故填marriage。
考向二 提示词为名词
名词的数
典例示范1
They also need to be ready to give________(interview) in English with international journalists.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
interviews 考查名词的数。此处interview用作可数名词。根据句意，应用其复数形式。故填interviews。
典例示范2
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural________(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
wonders 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词形式；根据下文的historical buildings of the past可知，此处应为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
典例示范3
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
populations 考查名词的数。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population的复数形式。故填populations。
典例示范4
Why do we dream Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse ________(idea).
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
ideas 考查名词的数。形容词diverse(不同的，多种多样的)作定语，后接可数名词复数。故填ideas。
典例示范5
________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
[2021·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
Activities 考查名词的数。空格处所填词在句中作主语，由句中的range from whale watching to hiking(远足)可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用activity的复数形式。
典例示范6
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _______(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
watchtowers 考查名词的数。形容词different作定语，此处应用watchtower的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
典例示范7
Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
[2020·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
seasons 考查名词的数。season意为“季节”，是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，表示泛指。故填seasons。
名词所有格
典例示范1
“He saved my (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
son’s 考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意可知，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
典例示范2
In April 2020, the Suzhou government launched the________ (nation) first offline unconditional return service.
[2023·广东天一大联考]
答案和解析：
nation’s 考查名词所有格。分析句子和根据句意可知，此处应作定语，修饰名词短语first offline unconditional return service，此处表示“全国的”，指的是国家所拥有的首个线下无条件退货服务，应用名词所有格形式。故填nation’s。
词的派生
典例示范1
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and________ (confidence) speaking English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
confident 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作表语。故填confident。
典例示范2
The________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
remarkable 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
典例示范3
________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
Different 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作状语。be different from与……不同。故填Different。
典例示范4
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more__________ (meaning).
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
meaningful 考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。分析句子结构可知，此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
典例示范5
John Olson, a former (photograph), and his team render paintings into fully textured 3-D models, like this version of Vincent van Gogh’s “Portrait of Dr. Gachet.”
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
photographer 考查名词。根据句意和a former 可知，此处用photographer表示“一位以前的摄影师”。故填photographer。
典例示范6
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______(day) routines.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
daily 考查词性转换。应用day的形容词形式daily作定语修饰后面的名词routines。故填daily。
考向三 提示词为形容词、副词
词的派生
典例示范1
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
rarely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词enough。故填rarely。
典例示范2
So, what are they learning ________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
Basically 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的部分，此空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Basically。
典例示范3
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
responsibility 考查名词。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
典例示范4
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
eventually 考查副词。此处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
典例示范5
For Luc this means ________(independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
independence 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作means的宾语。故填independence。
典例示范6
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
roughly 考查副词。此处应用副词roughly修饰数字。故填roughly。
典例示范7
When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
accidentally 考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，其副词形式为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”。故填accidentally。
比较等级
典例示范1
Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
[2023·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
simpler 考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
典例示范2
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
largest 考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
典例示范3
In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s_______ (high) mountain.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
highest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
典例示范4
That’s a big problem and it is getting even ________(bad).
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
worse 考查形容词比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse。故填worse。
典例示范5
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______(hot) the spring!
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
hotter 考查形容词比较级。此处相当于“the more…, the more…”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。
典例示范6
After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _______(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
better 考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
典例示范7
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _______(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
[2021·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
lower 考查形容词比较级。空格处与后面的higher和fewer是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
考向四 提示词为代词
典例示范1
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of________(they) contents.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
their 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词contents。故填their。
典例示范2
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
its 考查代词。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
典例示范3
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ________(they), they get a takeout or order delivery.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
themselves 考查代词。此处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一事物(人)时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
典例示范4
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _______(I).
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
mine 考查物主代词。上文提到in the visitor’s memory，此处相当于in my memory，所以用mine代替my memory。
考向五 提示词为数词
数词分为基数词和序数词。提示词为数词时，根据句意及语境，一般情况下是基数词和序数词的相互转化。
典例示范1
Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ________(six) century B.C.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
sixth 考查数词。此处表示公元前6世纪，且其前有定冠词the,century
(世纪)前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
典例示范2
I’ve always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
seventh 考查序数词。根据句意可知，此处表示“七年级”，应用the seventh grade。故填seventh。
二、无提示词
考向一 冠词
典例示范1
The meat should be fresh with________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
a 考查冠词。固定搭配a touch of意为“一点儿”。故填a。
典例示范2
Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。此处特指“用于医疗培训指导的语言”，所以应用定冠词。故填the。
典例示范3
To celebrate festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。特指上文提到的这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
典例示范4
friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
A 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend的读音以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填A。
典例示范5
Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。“倍数+the size of+比较成分”是固定用法，表示“……是……的……倍”。故填the。
典例示范6
The tactile paintings work as a way to reveal art to ________ blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。the+adj.表示一类人。the blind盲人。故填the。
典例示范7
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organisers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of_____ time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the invitation.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。此处特指大约四分之三的时候，应用the。故填the。
典例示范8
Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
The 考查冠词。“the+姓氏”意为“某某一家人”。故填The。
典例示范9
While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _______ must to visit!
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
a 考查不定冠词。此处a must to visit意为“一个必须去的地方”。
考向二 连词/连接词
典例示范1
To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),________to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
or 考查连词。此处考查“whether…or…”结构，意为“是……还是……”。故填or。
典例示范2
It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，to watch the panda programme develop和to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系，所以应用and连接。故填and。
典例示范3
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn’t work,________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
but 考查连词。It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work和somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination之间存在转折关系，应用but。故填but。
典例示范4
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued
(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，international cooperation和cultural exchanges作动词promote的宾语，为并列成分。故填and。
典例示范5
The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处前后为并列关系。故填and。
典例示范6
My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
but 考查连词。空后的did the job与空前的My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。
典例示范7
Although Mary loved flowers, _______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
[2021·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
neither 考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处应用“neither… nor…”，表示“两者都不”。故填neither。
考向三 介词
在对介词的考查中，要注意介词在固定搭配中的使用，而且介词之后一定要有成分作其宾语。通常情况下，名词、代词和动名词在句子中如果不是充当句子的主语或宾语，那么其很有可能充当介词的宾语，其前面应该填一个介词。
典例示范1
There you will find them prepared differently—more dumplings and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed________ hand rather than rolled.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
by 考查介词。by hand意为“用手”。故填by。
典例示范2
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak English________
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
with 考查介词。根据语境，此处指“和谁说英语”。故填with。
典例示范3
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility________saving their environment.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
for 考查介词。固定搭配take responsibility for意为“对……负责”。故填for。
典例示范4
From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
to 考查介词。根据上文的From Buddhist temples to museums可知，空处和上文保持一致，应用介词to。故填to。
典例示范5
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
by 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”，表示被动，应用“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
典例示范6
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
from 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from。from… to… 意为“从……到……”。故填from。
典例示范7
Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
as 考查介词。固定搭配serve as意为“充当”。故填as。
典例示范8
Luc Gandarias, who’s now 13, went blind suddenly age seven.
[2022·浙江6月]
答案和解析：
at 考查介词。表示“在多少岁”可以用at+age+数字。故填at。
典例示范9
Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
in 考查介词。in the evening意为“在晚上”。故填in。
典例示范10
While riding his bike home a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
on 考查介词。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午或晚上”等用介词on。故填on。
典例示范11
It was not widely accepted as a travel concept________ the late 1980s.
[2021·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
until 考查介词。固定搭配not… until…意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
考向四 代词
如果空格处的单词在句子中作主语或宾语，则可以填代词。具体填哪类代词要根据语境看要填的代词是指人还是事物，指男性还是女性，指单数还是复数。
典例示范1
Compared with more physically demanding sports such as the ballgames, swimming or gym workouts, Baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by soft music, so it used to be considered as the exclusive sport for the elders.
No equipment is necessary and________requires very little space or, perhaps most importantly in our fast-paced lives, time. I have been doing Baduajin for about four months, which makes me sleep better and get stronger.
[2023·湖南师大附中模拟]
答案和解析：
it 考查代词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中代替上文的单数名词Baduanjin，使用代词it，故填it。
典例示范2
If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
[2018·全国Ⅰ]
答案和解析：
it 考查代词。此处表示“所以，或许我们都应该试试跑步”。give it a try意为“试试”。此处it指代running，故填it。
考向五 状语从句
语法填空中对状语从句用法的考查在近几年的高考中多有涉及，重点是对从属连词中的近似的句式以及一些固定句式的考查。在做题过程中，首先要判断从句是否为状语从句，再判断是哪种状语从句，从而选择正确的连词，这是解题的关键。从属连词或相当于从属连词的一些词语用来引导各种状语从句，其常见用法如下：
典例示范1
Recently, a survey of “Young People’s Social Attitudes” asked British teenagers for their views on leaving home. Only 23% of them thought that they should live at home ________ they were 18!
[2023·广东深圳外国语学校月考]
答案和解析：
until 考查状语从句。句意：只有23%的人认为他们应该住在家里直到18岁!根据句意并分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词引导时间状语从句，且意义为“直到”，所以应该用连词until。故填until。
典例示范2
They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed________the arms were attached.
[2023·河北衡水中学适应性考试]
答案和解析：
before 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应用before引导。故填before。
典例示范3
he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]
答案和解析：
When/As 考查状语从句。此处表示当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。所以此处应用when或as来表示“当……时”，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
考向六 定语从句
语篇填空中对定语从句的考查多侧重于that, which, when, where等关系词的基本用法。要分析关系代词所代替的先行词以及关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分，结合语法和语境综合考虑做出正确选择。
典例示范1
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句。先行词为a place，指物，且关系词在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
典例示范2
Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,________ Rachel Carson says it in A Fable for Tomorrow.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
as 考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。
典例示范3
“There was once a town in the heart of America,________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为town，关系词在非限制性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
典例示范4
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
who 考查定语从句。分析句子并结合句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
典例示范5
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为species。设空处在从句中作主语，指物，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
典例示范6
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
that/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，名词academics后为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that。故填that或who。
典例示范7
That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为“cups, bottles, and bags”，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
典例示范8
When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that引导。故填that。
典例示范9
BMI is an internationally recognised measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
[2021·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
that/which 考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词tool为物，关系词在从句中作主语，故此处填关系代词that或which。
考向七 名词性从句和特殊句式
名词性从句：
从句 引导词 是否可以省略 引导词的位置 特别说明
主语从句 从属连词：that, whether 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how 全不省略 句首或句末 ①that只起引导句子的作用，没有实际意义
②从句语序均为陈述语序
宾语从句 仅that可省略(句中以it作形式宾语或从句用虚拟语气时除外) 动词或介词之后 表语从句 全不省略 系动词之后 同位语从句 全不省略 名词之后 特殊句式：包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、“祈使句+and或or+陈述句”结构等。
典例示范1
They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is________ they need an English trainer.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
why 考查连词。根据语境，此处应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
典例示范2
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do…
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应用whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填whether或if。
典例示范3
It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
whether 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后的or not可知，此处考查“whether… or not”。故填whether。
典例示范4
The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about______ she lived.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
where 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，介词about后是宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处用where引导该从句。故填where。
典例示范5
________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
What 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”。故填What。
考向八 其他无提示词情况
典例示范1
“He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know to thank him.”
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
how 考查副词。句意：我不知道如何感谢他。设空处考查的是“疑问词+to do”结构。how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
典例示范2
Oranges: Orange trees are more decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
than 考查固定搭配。more than“不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。
典例示范3
Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
much 考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，故询问“多少冰” 时用how much ice。
典例示范4
On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]
答案和解析：
so 考查副词。句意：在我们去那所房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨还要多久才能到达那里。so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
02
巩固自评
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the biggest projects to deal with plastic pollution in the UK was launched on May 25. In the first Beach Clean, around 50,000 volunteers cleaned beaches across the UK.
The Beach Clean 1.____________(continue) throughout the year. The aim is 2. ____________ (walk) 10 miles for 100,000 volunteers each, cleaning places they love along the way. The campaign is intended to address the problem of plastic waste in the sea. It is thought that at least eight million pieces of plastic 3. ____________ (wash) into the world’s sea each day. These pollutants can take several 4. ____________ (decade) to break down.
will continue
to walk
are washed
decades
Surfers Against Sewage, an 5. _________________ (environment) organisation based in Cornwall in England, organised the project. Hugo Tagholm, head of the organisation, told The Week Junior, “We’re hoping the campaign will give people the chance to reconnect 6. ____________ nature, promoting them to keep a healthy lifestyle, as well as 7. ____________ (have) a positive impact on our sea and wildlife.”
8. ____________ Tagholm explained, the clean-up is not only focused on beaches, but on streets, in parks and along local waterways.
environmental
with
having
As
George, 9. ____________ 11-year-old volunteer from Bristol, told The Week Junior that he’s been helping to clean up his local river. “It makes me despair to see garbage polluting the river, which is 10. ____________ I’m looking forward to getting involved in the clean-up,” he said.
an
why
考点一览表
考点 动词 连接词/关系词 其他 时态/语态 非谓语动词 主谓一致 名词性从句 定语从句 并列 状语从句 名词 冠词 介词 代词 形容词/副词
题号 1 3 2 7 10 8 4 9 6 5
1.考查时态。时间状语throughout the year表明此处应用一般将来时。故填will continue。
2.考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作表语，解释aim的具体内容。故填to walk。
3.考查时态和语态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，eight million pieces与wash之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填are washed。
4.考查名词。空格前的several修饰可数名词复数。故填decades。
5.考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词organisation。故填environmental。
6.考查介词。reconnect with意为“与……重新联系”。故填with。
7.考查非谓语动词。此处与前面的promoting并列，用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果。故填having。
8.考查定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处位于句首引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句，并在从句中作explained的宾语。故填As。
9.考查冠词。此处泛指一位11岁的志愿者，11-year-old的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
10.考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语。故填why。
专题二 语法填空
考情分析
01
巩固自评
02
01
考情分析
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 语境 话题 考点分布 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词 形容词 /副词 代 词 数 词 连 (接) 词 冠 词 介
词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 介绍中国小吃——小笼包 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 1 1
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 自然 在柏林动物园教英语 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 1
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 北京古老建筑和现代化发展的独特结合 2 3 1 1 0 0 2 0 1
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 寓言故事 1 3 1 1 0 1 2 0 1
2022 全国新高 考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 自然 大熊猫国家公园 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 1
全国新高 考Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 救援 2 2 1 2 0 0 2 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 首届国际茶日 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 自我 失明男子徒步旅行 1 3 1 2 0 0 1 1 1
2021 全国新高 考Ⅰ卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与 自然 黄山美景 1 0 1 4 1 0 2 1 0
全国新高 考Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 自然 倡导环境保护 1 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 自然 生态旅游 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 2
全国 甲卷 记叙文 人与 社会 游览西安古城墙 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1
续表
规律 总结 1.文章一般选取200词左右的说明文或记叙文，注重思想性和核心素养的培养。
2.主要考查语法、词汇语用知识，强调语篇分析能力，突出交际性和语境化特征。
3.有提示词的填空题约6—7个，提示词多为实词。无提示词的填空题约3—4个，无提示词处多考查虚词。
备考 建议 1.在语篇中训练考点，加强语篇分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。在真实的交际场景中进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用。
2.加强背诵。动词的不规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词形间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须记牢记准。
3.坚定文化自信，平时多关注体现中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化和爱国主义的文章。
一、有提示词
考向一 提示词为动词
动词的变化是语法填空题中的考查重点，通常有三种考查形式：谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致)、非谓语动词和词的派生。
谓语动词
典例示范1
As a little girl, I________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
wished 考查时态。此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填wished。
典例示范2
Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
was amazed 考查时态和固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据下文how a city was able to keep可知，本句应用一般过去时；固定搭配be amazed by意为“对……感到惊讶”。
典例示范3
The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
means 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据上下文可知，本句时态应为一般现在时；且主语为development，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
典例示范4
Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
be employed 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
典例示范5
In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
has walked 考查时态。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
典例示范6
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
were 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语。从句先行词为a significant number of areas，关系词在从句中作主语。根据previously(之前)可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。根据主谓一致原则，若从句主语为复数形式，那么从句谓语也为复数形
式。故填were。
典例示范7
The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。design和主语The GPNP之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系；此处叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语也应为单数形式。故填is designed。
典例示范8
To appreciate a painting, we’re taught to look for colour, composition, and light. But how can a painting (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
be appreciated 考查语态。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个特殊疑问句。此处和前面的can一起构成本句的谓语，a painting和appreciate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填be appreciated。
典例示范9
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
is viewed/has been viewed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处可以用一般现在时陈述客观情况，也可以用现在完成时表示人们从过去到现在的认知。分析句子结构可知，主语“Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops”与动词view构成逻辑上的动宾关系；且主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is viewed或has been viewed。
典例示范10
Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
was fixing 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的事，故应用过去进行时。并且主语Henry为第三人称单数，故谓语应用was fixing。
非谓语动词
典例示范1
Shanghai may be the________ (recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
recognised 考查非谓语动词。此处“home”意为“发源地”，与recognise之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填recognised。
典例示范2
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。lift和them之间为动宾关系，所以应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be lifted。
典例示范3
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left________(want) more next time.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
wanting 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作主语补足语。want与I之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填wanting。
典例示范4
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
visiting 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词的现在分词形式作定语修饰名词zookeepers，意为“来访的”。故填visiting。
典例示范5
________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
Having visited 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。visit和主句主语I之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，应用现在分词的完成时态。故填Having visited。
典例示范6
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
recording 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配spend… time (in) doing sth.意为
“花费……时间做某事”。故填recording。
典例示范7
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
to teach 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
典例示范8
“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
borrowing 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。borrow与其逻辑主语her fable之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
典例示范9
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
intended 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词。intend和message之间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填intended。
典例示范10
(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
To strengthen 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
inviting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，invite与其逻辑主语the event之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
词的派生
典例示范1
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
tasty 考查词性转换。此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词soup。故填tasty。
典例示范2
Since June 2017, right before the________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
arrival 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处应用名词。故填arrival。
典例示范3
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ________(warn) about environmental destruction.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
warning 考查词性转换和名词的单复数。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，应用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
典例示范4
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
protection 考查名词。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection作宾语。故填protection。
典例示范5
On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell (sleep) while watching TV.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
asleep 考查词性转换。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词或名词，意为
“睡觉”，其形容词形式为asleep和sleepy。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“睡着”。故填asleep。
典例示范6
But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ________(astonish).
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
astonished 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处描述的是us的感受，所以用astonished，表示“感到惊讶的”。
典例示范7
I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
harmful 考查词性转换。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词。故填harmful。
典例示范8
A company (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
representative 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，该空作句子的主语，应用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，应用单数形式。故填representative。
典例示范9
In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _______(marry) ceremony in 1842.
[2021·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
marriage 考查词性转换。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处要用名词形式；one’s marriage ceremony意为“某人的结婚仪式”。故填marriage。
考向二 提示词为名词
名词的数
典例示范1
They also need to be ready to give________(interview) in English with international journalists.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
interviews 考查名词的数。此处interview用作可数名词。根据句意，应用其复数形式。故填interviews。
典例示范2
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural________(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
wonders 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词形式；根据下文的historical buildings of the past可知，此处应为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
典例示范3
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
populations 考查名词的数。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population的复数形式。故填populations。
典例示范4
Why do we dream Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse ________(idea).
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
ideas 考查名词的数。形容词diverse(不同的，多种多样的)作定语，后接可数名词复数。故填ideas。
典例示范5
________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
[2021·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
Activities 考查名词的数。空格处所填词在句中作主语，由句中的range from whale watching to hiking(远足)可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用activity的复数形式。
典例示范6
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _______(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
watchtowers 考查名词的数。形容词different作定语，此处应用watchtower的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
典例示范7
Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
[2020·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
seasons 考查名词的数。season意为“季节”，是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，表示泛指。故填seasons。
名词所有格
典例示范1
“He saved my (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
son’s 考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意可知，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
典例示范2
In April 2020, the Suzhou government launched the________ (nation) first offline unconditional return service.
[2023·广东天一大联考]
答案和解析：
nation’s 考查名词所有格。分析句子和根据句意可知，此处应作定语，修饰名词短语first offline unconditional return service，此处表示“全国的”，指的是国家所拥有的首个线下无条件退货服务，应用名词所有格形式。故填nation’s。
词的派生
典例示范1
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and________ (confidence) speaking English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
confident 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作表语。故填confident。
典例示范2
The________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
remarkable 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
典例示范3
________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
Different 考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作状语。be different from与……不同。故填Different。
典例示范4
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more__________ (meaning).
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
meaningful 考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。分析句子结构可知，此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
典例示范5
John Olson, a former (photograph), and his team render paintings into fully textured 3-D models, like this version of Vincent van Gogh’s “Portrait of Dr. Gachet.”
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
photographer 考查名词。根据句意和a former 可知，此处用photographer表示“一位以前的摄影师”。故填photographer。
典例示范6
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______(day) routines.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
daily 考查词性转换。应用day的形容词形式daily作定语修饰后面的名词routines。故填daily。
考向三 提示词为形容词、副词
词的派生
典例示范1
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
rarely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词enough。故填rarely。
典例示范2
So, what are they learning ________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
Basically 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的部分，此空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Basically。
典例示范3
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
responsibility 考查名词。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
典例示范4
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
eventually 考查副词。此处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
典例示范5
For Luc this means ________(independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
independence 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作means的宾语。故填independence。
典例示范6
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
roughly 考查副词。此处应用副词roughly修饰数字。故填roughly。
典例示范7
When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
accidentally 考查副词。设空处应用副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，其副词形式为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”。故填accidentally。
比较等级
典例示范1
Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
[2023·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
simpler 考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
典例示范2
As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
largest 考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
典例示范3
In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s_______ (high) mountain.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
highest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
典例示范4
That’s a big problem and it is getting even ________(bad).
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
worse 考查形容词比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse。故填worse。
典例示范5
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______(hot) the spring!
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
hotter 考查形容词比较级。此处相当于“the more…, the more…”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。
典例示范6
After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _______(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
better 考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
典例示范7
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _______(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
[2021·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
lower 考查形容词比较级。空格处与后面的higher和fewer是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
考向四 提示词为代词
典例示范1
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of________(they) contents.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
their 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词contents。故填their。
典例示范2
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
its 考查代词。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
典例示范3
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ________(they), they get a takeout or order delivery.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
themselves 考查代词。此处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一事物(人)时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
典例示范4
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _______(I).
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
mine 考查物主代词。上文提到in the visitor’s memory，此处相当于in my memory，所以用mine代替my memory。
考向五 提示词为数词
数词分为基数词和序数词。提示词为数词时，根据句意及语境，一般情况下是基数词和序数词的相互转化。
典例示范1
Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ________(six) century B.C.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
sixth 考查数词。此处表示公元前6世纪，且其前有定冠词the,century
(世纪)前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
典例示范2
I’ve always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
seventh 考查序数词。根据句意可知，此处表示“七年级”，应用the seventh grade。故填seventh。
二、无提示词
考向一 冠词
典例示范1
The meat should be fresh with________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
a 考查冠词。固定搭配a touch of意为“一点儿”。故填a。
典例示范2
Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。此处特指“用于医疗培训指导的语言”，所以应用定冠词。故填the。
典例示范3
To celebrate festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。特指上文提到的这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
典例示范4
friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
A 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend的读音以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填A。
典例示范5
Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。“倍数+the size of+比较成分”是固定用法，表示“……是……的……倍”。故填the。
典例示范6
The tactile paintings work as a way to reveal art to ________ blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
[2022·浙江6月卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。the+adj.表示一类人。the blind盲人。故填the。
典例示范7
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organisers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of_____ time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the invitation.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
the 考查冠词。此处特指大约四分之三的时候，应用the。故填the。
典例示范8
Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
The 考查冠词。“the+姓氏”意为“某某一家人”。故填The。
典例示范9
While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _______ must to visit!
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
a 考查不定冠词。此处a must to visit意为“一个必须去的地方”。
考向二 连词/连接词
典例示范1
To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),________to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
or 考查连词。此处考查“whether…or…”结构，意为“是……还是……”。故填or。
典例示范2
It’s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，to watch the panda programme develop和to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系，所以应用and连接。故填and。
典例示范3
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn’t work,________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
but 考查连词。It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work和somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination之间存在转折关系，应用but。故填but。
典例示范4
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued
(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，international cooperation和cultural exchanges作动词promote的宾语，为并列成分。故填and。
典例示范5
The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
and 考查连词。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处前后为并列关系。故填and。
典例示范6
My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.
[2021·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
but 考查连词。空后的did the job与空前的My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。
典例示范7
Although Mary loved flowers, _______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
[2021·浙江卷]
答案和解析：
neither 考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处应用“neither… nor…”，表示“两者都不”。故填neither。
考向三 介词
在对介词的考查中，要注意介词在固定搭配中的使用，而且介词之后一定要有成分作其宾语。通常情况下，名词、代词和动名词在句子中如果不是充当句子的主语或宾语，那么其很有可能充当介词的宾语，其前面应该填一个介词。
典例示范1
There you will find them prepared differently—more dumplings and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed________ hand rather than rolled.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
by 考查介词。by hand意为“用手”。故填by。
典例示范2
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak English________
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
with 考查介词。根据语境，此处指“和谁说英语”。故填with。
典例示范3
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility________saving their environment.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
for 考查介词。固定搭配take responsibility for意为“对……负责”。故填for。
典例示范4
From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
to 考查介词。根据上文的From Buddhist temples to museums可知，空处和上文保持一致，应用介词to。故填to。
典例示范5
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
[2022·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
by 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”，表示被动，应用“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
典例示范6
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
from 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from。from… to… 意为“从……到……”。故填from。
典例示范7
Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
as 考查介词。固定搭配serve as意为“充当”。故填as。
典例示范8
Luc Gandarias, who’s now 13, went blind suddenly age seven.
[2022·浙江6月]
答案和解析：
at 考查介词。表示“在多少岁”可以用at+age+数字。故填at。
典例示范9
Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
in 考查介词。in the evening意为“在晚上”。故填in。
典例示范10
While riding his bike home a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
on 考查介词。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午或晚上”等用介词on。故填on。
典例示范11
It was not widely accepted as a travel concept________ the late 1980s.
[2021·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
until 考查介词。固定搭配not… until…意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
考向四 代词
如果空格处的单词在句子中作主语或宾语，则可以填代词。具体填哪类代词要根据语境看要填的代词是指人还是事物，指男性还是女性，指单数还是复数。
典例示范1
Compared with more physically demanding sports such as the ballgames, swimming or gym workouts, Baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by soft music, so it used to be considered as the exclusive sport for the elders.
No equipment is necessary and________requires very little space or, perhaps most importantly in our fast-paced lives, time. I have been doing Baduajin for about four months, which makes me sleep better and get stronger.
[2023·湖南师大附中模拟]
答案和解析：
it 考查代词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中代替上文的单数名词Baduanjin，使用代词it，故填it。
典例示范2
If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
[2018·全国Ⅰ]
答案和解析：
it 考查代词。此处表示“所以，或许我们都应该试试跑步”。give it a try意为“试试”。此处it指代running，故填it。
考向五 状语从句
语法填空中对状语从句用法的考查在近几年的高考中多有涉及，重点是对从属连词中的近似的句式以及一些固定句式的考查。在做题过程中，首先要判断从句是否为状语从句，再判断是哪种状语从句，从而选择正确的连词，这是解题的关键。从属连词或相当于从属连词的一些词语用来引导各种状语从句，其常见用法如下：
典例示范1
Recently, a survey of “Young People’s Social Attitudes” asked British teenagers for their views on leaving home. Only 23% of them thought that they should live at home ________ they were 18!
[2023·广东深圳外国语学校月考]
答案和解析：
until 考查状语从句。句意：只有23%的人认为他们应该住在家里直到18岁!根据句意并分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词引导时间状语从句，且意义为“直到”，所以应该用连词until。故填until。
典例示范2
They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed________the arms were attached.
[2023·河北衡水中学适应性考试]
答案和解析：
before 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应用before引导。故填before。
典例示范3
he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]
答案和解析：
When/As 考查状语从句。此处表示当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。所以此处应用when或as来表示“当……时”，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
考向六 定语从句
语篇填空中对定语从句的考查多侧重于that, which, when, where等关系词的基本用法。要分析关系代词所代替的先行词以及关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分，结合语法和语境综合考虑做出正确选择。
典例示范1
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[2023·全国乙卷]
答案和解析：
which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句。先行词为a place，指物，且关系词在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
典例示范2
Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,________ Rachel Carson says it in A Fable for Tomorrow.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
as 考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。
典例示范3
“There was once a town in the heart of America,________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为town，关系词在非限制性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
典例示范4
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
[2022·全国甲卷]
答案和解析：
who 考查定语从句。分析句子并结合句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
典例示范5
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
[2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为species。设空处在从句中作主语，指物，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
典例示范6
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
that/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，名词academics后为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that。故填that或who。
典例示范7
That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为“cups, bottles, and bags”，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
典例示范8
When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that引导。故填that。
典例示范9
BMI is an internationally recognised measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
[2021·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
that/which 考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词tool为物，关系词在从句中作主语，故此处填关系代词that或which。
考向七 名词性从句和特殊句式
名词性从句：
从句 引导词 是否可以省略 引导词的位置 特别说明
主语从句 从属连词：that, whether 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how 全不省略 句首或句末 ①that只起引导句子的作用，没有实际意义
②从句语序均为陈述语序
宾语从句 仅that可省略(句中以it作形式宾语或从句用虚拟语气时除外) 动词或介词之后 表语从句 全不省略 系动词之后 同位语从句 全不省略 名词之后 特殊句式：包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、“祈使句+and或or+陈述句”结构等。
典例示范1
They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is________ they need an English trainer.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
why 考查连词。根据语境，此处应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
典例示范2
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do…
[2022·浙江1月卷]
答案和解析：
whether/if 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应用whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填whether或if。
典例示范3
It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
[2022·北京卷]
答案和解析：
whether 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后的or not可知，此处考查“whether… or not”。故填whether。
典例示范4
The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about______ she lived.
[2021·北京卷]
答案和解析：
where 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，介词about后是宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处用where引导该从句。故填where。
典例示范5
________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
[2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
What 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”。故填What。
考向八 其他无提示词情况
典例示范1
“He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know to thank him.”
[2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
how 考查副词。句意：我不知道如何感谢他。设空处考查的是“疑问词+to do”结构。how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
典例示范2
Oranges: Orange trees are more decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]
答案和解析：
than 考查固定搭配。more than“不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。
典例示范3
Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]
答案和解析：
much 考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，故询问“多少冰” 时用how much ice。
典例示范4
On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]
答案和解析：
so 考查副词。句意：在我们去那所房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨还要多久才能到达那里。so… that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
02
巩固自评
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the biggest projects to deal with plastic pollution in the UK was launched on May 25. In the first Beach Clean, around 50,000 volunteers cleaned beaches across the UK.
The Beach Clean 1.____________(continue) throughout the year. The aim is 2. ____________ (walk) 10 miles for 100,000 volunteers each, cleaning places they love along the way. The campaign is intended to address the problem of plastic waste in the sea. It is thought that at least eight million pieces of plastic 3. ____________ (wash) into the world’s sea each day. These pollutants can take several 4. ____________ (decade) to break down.
will continue
to walk
are washed
decades
Surfers Against Sewage, an 5. _________________ (environment) organisation based in Cornwall in England, organised the project. Hugo Tagholm, head of the organisation, told The Week Junior, “We’re hoping the campaign will give people the chance to reconnect 6. ____________ nature, promoting them to keep a healthy lifestyle, as well as 7. ____________ (have) a positive impact on our sea and wildlife.”
8. ____________ Tagholm explained, the clean-up is not only focused on beaches, but on streets, in parks and along local waterways.
environmental
with
having
As
George, 9. ____________ 11-year-old volunteer from Bristol, told The Week Junior that he’s been helping to clean up his local river. “It makes me despair to see garbage polluting the river, which is 10. ____________ I’m looking forward to getting involved in the clean-up,” he said.
an
why
考点一览表
考点 动词 连接词/关系词 其他 时态/语态 非谓语动词 主谓一致 名词性从句 定语从句 并列 状语从句 名词 冠词 介词 代词 形容词/副词
题号 1 3 2 7 10 8 4 9 6 5
1.考查时态。时间状语throughout the year表明此处应用一般将来时。故填will continue。
2.考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作表语，解释aim的具体内容。故填to walk。
3.考查时态和语态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，eight million pieces与wash之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填are washed。
4.考查名词。空格前的several修饰可数名词复数。故填decades。
5.考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词organisation。故填environmental。
6.考查介词。reconnect with意为“与……重新联系”。故填with。
7.考查非谓语动词。此处与前面的promoting并列，用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果。故填having。
8.考查定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处位于句首引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句，并在从句中作explained的宾语。故填As。
9.考查冠词。此处泛指一位11岁的志愿者，11-year-old的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
10.考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语。故填why。