河北省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

河北省部分市
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
河北省沧州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量监测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AMTRAK TRAIN TICKETS FROM WASHINGTON TO NEW YORK
Departure Arrival Duration Price
Union Station — Penn Station 1:50 PM 4:38 PM 2h 48m $184
Union Station — Penn Station 4:00 PM 6:40 PM 2h 40m $190
Union Station — Penn Station 10:30 AM 1:20 PM 2h 50m $175
Union Station — Penn Station 8:00 AM 10:30 AM 2h 30m $195
Deals and discounts
The train company has a discount policy on train tickets. It offers a discount for family groups (3 or more people) and babies. It offers a 50% discount for babies under the age of 24 months. Disabled people and people with reduced mobility can receive free assistance at the train station and on the train.
Ticket refunds and exchanges
If the passenger has any problem before the trip, the train company allows some kind of changes like: refund if the client won’t travel anymore or schedule changes. But remember, there are cancellation fees that vary according to the advance of the change request.
Boarding on train
It’s important to arrive at the station one hour before your train leaves, so you can check your ticket without problems.
Baggage size and weight limits
Each train company has its own rules about carrying luggage. The company allows the transport of one or two pieces of luggage weighing up to 20kg.
Pets on train
American train companies do not allow the transport of animals in their carriages.
Have an awesome train trip!
1. Which train takes the least time
A. 1:50 PM. B. 4:00 PM. C. 10:30 AM. D. 8:00 AM.
2. How much should two teenagers pay if they choose the 4: 00 PM train
A. $190. B. $195. C. $380. D. $390.
3. What can we learn from the text
A. Tourists can carry luggage weighing above 20kg.
B. Tourists can take their pets onto the train with themselves.
C. Tourists can get a full refund if they have a problem before the trip.
D. Tourists had better arrive at the station one hour before train departure.
B
South Baltimore is surrounded by water, highways, and train tracks. It’s also often thought of as a place to avoid—folks are taught to be careful of or even avoid South Baltimore. “People think South Baltimore is a place filled with danger. It’s not. It’s just we’re surrounded by dangerous things,” says Taysia, 17.
Taysia is part of a group of student activists fighting against a very different kind of danger in their neighborhood: air pollution and climate change. Lots of trucks with their noise pass through the neighborhood. South Baltimore is also home to a junkyard where they crush (压碎)cars, an old landfill, chemical plants, and mountains of coal. These are not the communities anyone wants.
The residents of South Baltimore are breathing polluted air today. Coal releases a black dust that’s small enough to get into people’s lungs. It can cause disease and death if you’re breathing it day after day. The mountains of coal are the focus of a growing opposition movement called Free Your Voice, led by South Baltimore teenagers.
The teens of Free Your Voice are taking on a big opponent (对手): the massive transportation company CSX, which transports more than 8 million tons of coal through South Baltimore annually. CSX makes billions of dollars a year.
The teens went door to door, warning their neighbors about the dangers of the coal transportation. Not everyone was on board at first. “We were talking to people and that’s just like, ‘You’re a kid! Like this is not gonna change, it’s been happening forever.’” Taysia says.
Meanwhile, the students spent the summer using sticky paper to gather samples of dust from all over the neighborhood to prove that the dust was from coal and to pinpoint which parts of the neighborhood were most affected.
The goal is to eventually get the state regulators to deny the permit that CSX needs to operate, or at least require the company to enclose all the coal, or at the very least put water onto all of it so there’s less dust blowing around. And the state is considering all of those requests.
4. How did people describe South Baltimore according to Taysia
A. Wealthy. B. Dangerous. C. Peaceful. D. Inclusive.
5. What is the main focus of the opposition movement called Free Your Voice
A. The junkyard. B. The old landfill.
C. The chemical plants. D. The coal transportation.
6. Why did some people in the neighborhood initially doubt the students’ efforts
A. They believed the pollution was harmless.
B. They trusted CSX’s environmental practices.
C. They had no awareness of the pollution and climate change.
D. They thought the students were too young to make a change.
7. What method did the students use to gather evidence of coal-related pollution
A. Conducting surveys. B. Distributing leaflets.
C. Using sticky paper for dust samples. D. Organizing protests.
C
The “mark test” (or “mirror test”) is a way to test animal intelligence — whether an animal can recognize itself, especially animals with large brains. A mark is put on an animal, usually in a spot that can only be seen with a mirror. Then the animal is allowed to look in a mirror. If the animal seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has recognized itself.
But some scientists believe the mark test doesn’t work well for all animals. Roosters (公鸡) are a good example. Scientists at the University of Bonn recently ran the mark test on roosters. They put a pinkish triangle on the chest of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark.
The scientists needed a different way to test whether the roosters could recognize themselves. When there’s danger — like a hawk (鹰) flying above — roosters make loud calls to warn nearby chickens. But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them. The scientists realized that they could use the shadow of a hawk to test if roosters could recognize themselves in a mirror.
First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above the bird and watching how the rooster reacted.
When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. They called out when they were near another rooster, but remained quiet when they were alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent despite the hawk shadow.
It proves the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. That suggests that the mark test may not be a good test of whether an animal can recognize itself.
The scientists hope their results will encourage other scientists to look for better ways of testing self-recognition in animals.
8. What is the purpose of the “mark test”
A. To test a bird’s ability to fly.
B. To measure an animal’s brain size.
C. To see if an animal can recognize itself.
D. To compare different animals’ intelligence.
9. How did scientists test whether the roosters thought they were alone
A. By testing their eyesight with a mirror.
B. By putting a mark on the roosters’ chest.
C. By placing two roosters before the mirror.
D. By observing their reactions to a hawk shadow,
10. What do the results of the rooster experiment suggest
A. Roosters are not intelligent animals.
B. The mark test is a reliable measure of self-recognition.
C. The mark test may not accurately determine self-recognition.
D. Roosters can recognize themselves better than other animals.
11. What do the scientists expect of further studies
A. Conducting more experiments on roosters.
B. Using the mark test on other bird species.
C. Studying self-recognition in dolphins and elephants.
D. Searching for better ways to test animal intelligence.
D
When we’re facing a complex problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. We love seeing it happen — except for one problem. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Brainstorming groups fall so far short of their potential that we get more ideas — and better ideas —if we all work alone. As the humorist Dave Barry quipped (打趣道),“If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’d better turn to a process called “brain writing”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously (匿名地) among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine (完善) the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and stating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brain writing was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile. With time of the essence, the rescue team didn’t hold long brainstorming sessions. They established a global brain writing system to crowd source independent ideas. A tiny plastic telephone ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners. And the specialized drill that ultimately made it possible to save the miners was suggested by a 24-year-old engineer.
Organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s easy for participants to become in favor of the most powerful people. The brain writing process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
12. What does the underlined word “backfires” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Fails. B. Freezes. C. Arises. D. Expands.
13. Why was Dave Barry mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To explain the power of humor on efficiency.
B. To illustrate the drawback of brainstorming meetings.
C. To review the achievement of Dave Barry in history.
D. To show approaches to reaching human potential.
14. How does brainwriting differ from brainstorming according to the text
A. Brainstorming allows for more diverse thoughts.
B. Brainstorming involves sharing ideas anonymously.
C. Brainwriting requires teams to refine and polish ideas together.
D. Brainwriting involves individual idea generation and evaluation.
15Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A. Why Brainstorming Doesn’t Work
B. What Brainstormers Usually Do
C. Why Brainstorming Boosts Creativity
D. How We Become the Smartest Person in the Team
河北省张家口市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat” We put this to the test by asking three people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles.
Jenny 31 Teacher
My husband and I avoid all products that come from animals. This means we don’t eat meat. We like cooking at home and make our meals from fresh, seasonal fruit and vegetables. Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days. If we have children, I want to bring them up just like us, but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.
Ted 35 Construction worker
Each day at the construction site is more or less the same — tiring! When I get back home, there’s nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner. I guess I’ve always been a big meat eater and in this house, no family meal is complete without some form of meat. I still don’t think that anything can beat my mum’s homemade sausages, though.
Mike 49 Chef
With five children, we’re one big family! My wife and I both work full-time, so life can get pretty busy! Like a lot of chefs I know, I don’t really do much cooking at home. Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work. Once a week, we do a big shop and buy a lot of frozen food. I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables, but ready meals are so convenient.
1．What can we learn about Jenny
A．She likes ready meals. B．She has children to bring up.
C．She enjoys vegetable-free dinners. D．She enjoys cooking together with her husband.
2．What might Mike say
A．My fridge is filled with meat.
B．As a chef, I don’t need so much frozen food.
C．I provide fresh fruit and vegetables for my children.
D．It’s convenient to eat food brought from my workplace.
3．What is the type of the text
A．Interview notes. B．A cooking guide.
C．An advertisement. D．Product introductions.
B
It’s March in Africa. On the farm, local people are dancing and singing to celebrate their recent harvest. Their hard work has paid off and got beautiful fruit — white and fragrant rice!
This is the Second Farm in Xai-Xai. Mozambique, where Yi Yun has been working for six years. The 37-year-old from Liaoning, China. followed his Chinese company here as a project manager. The company runs a project to grow rice on the farm, which covers about 1,667 hectares.
“When we first arrived in 2017, the farm was full of weeds (杂草) , as tall as a man,” said Yi. After clearing the weeds, the company began to teach locals farming skills. “We taught them how to drive tractors (拖拉机) and harvesters, and how to grow rice step by step including sowing seeds and spraying pesticide.”
Since 2000, when the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation started, an increasing number of Chinese companies and organizations have gone to Africa to work in the agriculture industry. “We bring in new techniques, equipment and high-quality seeds,” said Yi.
“Local people are happy that we are here because we not only help them solve food problems but also provide job opportunities,” said Yi. “Our farm can employ 500 to 1,000 local people. Their living conditions have been greatly improved in recent years. Some families have even bought televisions and fridges.”
“African people are just as hard-working as the Chinese and also want to pursue a better life. What they need is more opportunities, which China is now helping with. I’m proud of what my country is doing,” Yi said.
4．What does paragraph 1 describe
A．A celebration scene. B．A trading scene.
C．A working scene. D．A harvest scene.
5．What did Yi Yun see when he first arrived at the farm in Mozambique
A．Old tractors. B．Tall weeds. C．Local farmers. D．Rice fields.
6．What can be learned about Yi Yun’s company
A．It started a project in Mozambique in 2000.
B．It suffered from food shortage in Mozambique.
C．It sells electrical appliances to people in Mozambique.
D．It has contributed to the agriculture development of Mozambique.
7．What does Yi Yun think of African people
A．They should get better-paid jobs.
B．They are proud of their own country.
C．They need opportunities to create a better life.
D．They have learned from the Chinese to be hard-working.
C
Esperanto (世界语) was created in the late 1800s by Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, a Polish medical doctor. He alone built the basis for the language and helped introduce it into the world.
Though Zamenhof’s profession was a physician, he was no amateur (外行) in languages. Zamenhol said Russian was his mother tongue — the area of Poland he lived in was then part of the Russian Federation — but he generally spoke Polish everyday. Evidence also shows that he learned Yiddish from his mother and that he studied German, English, Spanlsh, Lithuanian, Italian and French. In addition, Zamenhof learned the classical languages Hebrew, Latin and Aramaic in school. Esperanto was not the first constructed language he’d dealt with. First, he learned a bit of Volapuk (沃拉普克语), which was invented in Germany a decade before Esperanto. Having command of so many languages had a great impact on his creation of Esperanto, which was Zamenhof’s 14th language.
During his life, Zamenhof became extremely interested in the idea of creating a tolerant world, free from the horrors (恐怖) of war. He dreamed of a day when people could come together. To make this world a reality, he decided the best thing he could do was make an international language. It would not be anyone’s mother tongue, but people can quickly learn it as a second language to make conversation easily with people from anywhere in the world.
Why would Zamenhof create Esperanto when English basically already was used as an international language The problem is that using English gives a huge advantage to people and places that already speak English. Esperanto tries to bypass political and cultural problems by being a neutral (中性的) language. Yet Esperanto is not without flaw. It was strongly influenced by European language, which can put people who speak Asian languages at a distinct disadvantage in learning and speaking Esperanto. Esperanto’s simple rules might make it easier to learn than other languages for an Asian speaker, but it still loses some of its “neutrality”.
8．Which language was Zamenhof’s mother tongue
A．Russian. B．German. C．Spanish. D．Italian.
9．Zamenhof was able to create Esperanto because ________.
A．he had mastered Volapuk B．he had been to many countries
C．he was an amateur in learning languages D．he was influenced by the 13 languages he had learnt
10．What gave Zamenhof the idea of creating Esperanto
A．His family background. B．His desire for a peaceful world.
C．His interest in classical languages. D．His experience as an international student.
11．What does the underlined word “flaw” mean in the last paragraph
A．Significance. B．Difficulty. C．Weakness. D．Contribution.
D
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed he world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the Unlversity of Minnesota, US.
The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI said n an interview, “It’s not actually a fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.” According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today’s model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. The neural network can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore gather the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models were built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale (规模) of texts It made sense of and learned from.
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but It cannot decide what is true or false. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.
12．What aspect of ChatGPT is most impressive
A．The neural network. B．The large text database.
C．The ability to combine words. D．The application of technology.
13．What is the key to ChatGPT’s response like humans
A．Data-based communication. B．Learning from masses of texts.
C．Human-guided machine learning. D．Collecting texts for a large corpus.
14．What is the author’s attitude toward ChatGPT
A．Supportive. B．Confused. C．Objective. D．Confident.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Is ChatGPT a Good Translator
B．Should ChatGPT be Banned at School
C．Can ChatGPT Choose True Information
D．Will ChatGPT be the Wonder of Modern Technology
河北省石家庄市2023～2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Last Friday, Britain’s Prince William announced the winners of this year’s Earthshot Prize. The prize is meant to encourage new idea s and rapid action to help protect the planet. Below are parts of this year’s prize-winning projects in each category.
Protect and Restore Nature
Kheyti won the prize for protecting and restoring nature with its “Greenhouse-in-a-box” idea. Kheyti is already working with 1,000 farmers across India, which is one of the most climate-affected countries in the world. The company says the greenhouses allow farmers to use 90% less water and produce seven times as much food. Kheyti hopes to get its greenhouses to 50,000 farmers by 2027.
Clean Our Air
Charlot Magayi won the prize for cleaning the air. Ms. Magayi developed a stove（炉子）that uses a fuel that’s cheaper and pollutes far less than charcoal stoves. Currently, over 200,000 of her Clean Stoves are being used in Kenya.
Build a Waste-Free World
A London-based company called Notpla（for “Not Plastic”）won the prize for building a waste-free world. They’ve created a plastic substitute（替代品）from plants found in the ocean. Unlike most plastic, their products break down naturally with no microplastics. Notpla believes their products can help end the plastic pollution that’s filling landfills and polluting oceans.
Fix Our Climate
The Earthshot Prize for working toward fixing our climate went to a company called 44.01 from Oman.44.01 has come up with a way to turn polluting carbon dioxide（CO2）into a rock called peridotite. Once the CO2 has been turned into rock, it can no longer be released into the atmosphere again. The method that 44.01 uses is fast, cheap and permanent.
21. What is the aim of the Earthshot Prize
A. To offer practical advice on global warming.
B. To find solutions to the environmental problems.
C. To develop a strategic partnership with all parties.
D. To encourage literary creations of the British people.
22. Where are Kheyti’s greenhouses widely used
A. In India. B. In Kenya.
C. In the UK. D. In Oman.
23. What do Charlot Magayi and 44.01 have in common
A. They want to build a waste-free world.
B. Their projects are directly good for farmers.
C. Their achievements benefit the air cleaning.
D. They use plants from the ocean in their products.
B
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK ”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Why did he take the risk and place the whole family in trouble Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. On that evening, I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was the same comb. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.
24. From the first three paragraphs, we can learn ________.
A. the author would study with Dad every evening
B. the precious green comb of Dad was made of jade
C. the earliest memories with Dad were full of joy
D. the author was unwilling to clean the comb for Dad
25. What probably made Dad decide to start his own business
A. He was eager to get everything on track.
B. He wanted to keep his family life stable.
C. He was laid off and had to make a living.
D. He hoped to earn a better life for the family.
26. What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with Dad these years
A. Cheerful→mad→warm. B. Mad→satisfied→warm.
C. Satisfied→worried →angry. D. Warm→concerned →uncomfortable.
27. Which could be the best title for the text
A. My Dad’s Comb B. Dad’s Wholesale Business
C. Changes of My Dad D. My Earliest Memories with Dad
C
Most people don’t lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only build up goodwill, but also save a lot of brain power since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it.
Actually, lying takes much more work. Imagine you’re late to class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work. “A lot of that brain work is done in a region called the prefrontal cortex. It’s the part in charge of working memory,” explains Jennifer Vendemia, a scientist from the University of South Carolina.
Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions for how to play a game or some other specific tasks. It stores things for only a short while as you’re using them, and it doesn’t put them in long-term storage. Besides working memory, the prefrontal cortex also takes care of tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Scientists describe these as executive function tasks. Executive function lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. “Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means there’s less available for other things,” says Vendemia. “Lying is especially harmful for young people as the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. When the prefrontal cortex is bus y with tasks related to lying, younger people have a harder time doing other tasks.”
Lying has social costs, too. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars. So if people view you as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The costs of lying to people. B. The true meaning of honesty.
C. The benefits of being truthful. D. The difficulty of being a good liar.
29. Why is a lying student mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To prove a concept. B. To introduce a topic.
C. To provide the background. D. To give an example.
30. Which of the following is the function of working memory
A. Remembering a life-long lesson. B. Storing information for a short time.
C. Pushing oneself to face difficulties. D. Processing information in the brain.
31. What is the passage mainly about
A. The reasons why people lie. B. The harmful effects of lying.
C. The part of brain in charge of lying. D. The ways to avoid being caught lying.
D
Have you ever noticed that the stars sometimes appear brighter in December, January and February There’s a link between cold air and the night lights. “Part of it is that it tends to be drier in the winter,” said Diane Tumshek, an astronomer at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Even though it’s invisible, moisture（湿度）can change the way light moves through the air. And in the summer, moisture can make stars appear more dull.
Air temperature is also what puts the twinkle twinkle in the little stars. “Even on very clear nights, some of the atmosphere is cooler, and some of the atmosphere is warmer,” said Tumshek, who also works with the Allegheny Observatory. And when the light from a star passes through those bubbles of varying temperatures, “it bends and shifts the light, so that we are seeing stars appear to dance or twinkle,” she said.
For star lovers in the United States, there’s another factor that comes into play for bright winter stars, although this is a matter of coincidence（巧合）. “During Earth’s journey around the sun, there are just simply more bright stars visible from the Northern Hemisphere in the winter sky,” Tumshek said. If you really want to see a shiny star, just try to find a burning ball of gas called Sirius near the horizon. At 8.6 light-years away, Sirius is relatively close to Earth and the brightest star visible in the night sky. It is also large — nearly twice as big as our sun and 20 times as bright. So this winter, when the world turns cold and it seems like we should be spending more time indoors, consider asking an adult to go exploring outside. With a warm coat and a clear sky, any night can be turned into a treasure hunt. All you have to do is to look up.
32. What does the underlined word “dull” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Not shiny. B. Not exciting.
C. Not severe. D. Not smart.
33. How does air temperature influence the brightness of stars
A. By changing the bubbles around them.
B. By putting the twinkle twinkle in them.
C. By varying the direction of the light from them.
D. By making the stars dance and twinkle in the sky.
34. What do we know about Sirius
A. It can be found at any night. B. It is a burning and shiny ball.
C. It’s closer to Earth than other stars. D. It is 20 times as bright as the sun.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on people to focus on stars.
B. To advocate observing stars in winter.
C. To present new research results about stars.
D. To explain why stars are more visible in winter.
河北省唐山市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第 一节(共10小题；每小题2 . 5分, 满分25分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
When I was ten years old, Mum got paralyzed(瘫痪) . Before that, she was a lively and active woman who amazed many with her energy. I admired her for all the things she did.
However, everything changed when she turned thirty-one.
I still have vivid images of her before her paralysis. She would play popular music, creating a cheerful atmosphere for lively gatherings. She would joyfully rearrange the furniture to make room for friends to abandon themselves to dance. She often spent hours filling the house with flowers, which we picked fresh from the gardens.
After Mum's paralysis, I began to take care of my 2-year-old sister, Mary Therese. In no time at all, I learned to bathe and feed her. For me it was a giant step beyond playing with dolls. One moment stands out even today: the time Mary Therese fell and skinned her knee, burst into tears and ran past my mother's outstretched arms into mine. Too late, I noticed slight hurt on Mum's face, but all she said was, “It's natural that she should run to you, because you take such good care of her. ”
When I was grown and entered the field of corrections, Mum became interested in working with prisoners. She taught writing to them. One day, she asked me to mail a letter to one prisoner, Waymon. I asked for my mother's permission to read it first. It read: when you said that I couldn't imagine what it is like to be in prison, I felt like I had to tell you that you are mistaken. When I awoke one day to find that I was completely paralyzed, I felt trapped, overwhelmed by a sense of being imprisoned in a body that would no longer allow me to dance or carry my child in my arms. But then, I made a choice about whether I would smile when I saw my daughters again or I would weep. I made a decision to live as fully as I could.
By the time I finished Mum's letter, my vision was clouded by tears. For the first time, I saw my mother in a clearer light.
21. How can we describe Mum before her paralysis
A. Creative. B. Ambitious. C. Adventurous. D. Enthusiastic.
22. What do Mum's words about Therese's choice imply
A. Mum had a sharp insight
B. Mum was emotionally generous
C. Mum was worried about her position
D. Mum was absent-minded at the moment
23. Why did the author cry
A. She regretted for what she had done.
B. Waymon's experience was saddening,
C. She witnessed Mum's character shining through.
D. There was some secret between her and her mother.
B
The United Nations' Intemational Year of Soils is hardly a media favorite. Maybe it's because many people are like me, who recall Mom's words:“Take off your shoes! Don't bring dirt into the house!"With all the challenges in the world today, why would we recognize soils
Simply put, soils are literally the base that humans stand on. Ignoring the importance of this meter-thick skin covering our planet is like ignoring the importance of the air we breathe.
Without healthy soils, we would not be here.
Soil provides the structure and nutrients needed to grow our food. It stores water that satisfies the thirst of the environment, agriculture and humans. It houses the largest amount of carbon (碳)on land, keeping the climate from warming even faster. It provides the necessary support for the habitat of all life on land-including diversity in the soil itself (in some regions, just a handful of soil contains microorganisms that are more than the people on Earth). In short, soil plays an essential role not only in feeding humans but in supporting the living things that produce the oxygen we breathe and purifying the water we drink. In other words, soil keeps our planet habitable.
We, therefore, must stop considering "soil" a dirty word and remember that the food we eat and water we drink can be traced back to it. Businesses should adopt guidelines that ensure the long term health and productivity of soil. And local and national governments should provide policies that encourage soil protection.
Soil is one of the most important resources on our planet, and we have ignored it too long-at our own risk. The most important thing that can happen is a change in mind-set that recognizes soil is not dirt. It's life beneath our feet.
24. Why does the author mention Mom's words
A. To criticize media.
B. To find fault with parents
C. To show a common attitude.
D. To promote International Year of Soils.
25. Paragraph 3 is mainly about the _______________ of soil.
A. roles B. types C. health D. structure
26. What is the best title for the passage
A. Soil Being in Danger
B. Making the Most of Soil
C. Unearthing the Importance of Soil
D. Healthy Soil Growing More Food
C
Flora was playing with her new dog Stitch, while wearing a favourite second-hand sweater. Stitch jumped up and grabbed her sleeve-and tore several holes in it with her sharp teeth.
Flora wasn't about to throw the item out. "I can't bring myself to throw away nice clothing just because of a hole, "she explains. She decided to tackle a new skill repairing. She began by reading a book called Make Do and Repair, about the innovative ways to avoid waste.
Instead of tying to make the repair as small as possible, she turned to "visible fixing, "a fashion in repairing clothes that leaves an intentionally obvious fix. She added flowers, or other small designs to damaged clothes. "Every time you do a repair, it's like getting a new piece of clothing, "says Flora.
Sadly, we have been in the habit of replacing things instead of repairing them -and the garbage is piling up. Worldwide, we throw out 92 million tonnes of fabric every year.
The good news is that fixing things can help solve the waste problem. It's part of a larger shift toward a circular economy -the idea that instead of throwing out items once they are broken or out of date, we reuse or repair them, keeping them out of the waste yard for as long as possible.
There was a time when people fixed things themselves or called their local repair shop, But as more items were produced and prices dropped, replacing even a big appliance became more convenient.
That's changing, in part due to information now available online. The popular how-to site has enabled more than 100 million repairs.
“Companies have been designing products that break easily or become outdated quickly, forcing consumers to buy new ones or purchase upgrades. We're now seeing some producers show interest in making it possible for users to repair things. Some companies are selling official parts and sharing their repair guides through iFixit. IFixit has grown into a database with over 100, 000 repair manuals. We have this vision of a world where repair is the expectation for all things that are made, ”says Chamberlain, director of iFixit.
27. Why did Flora read a book
A. For innovation. B. For repairing skills.
C. For a better life. D. For dog-raising information.
28. What makes the author sad
A. People's habit. B. Repairing quality.
C. Fabric production. D. Worldwide garbage.
29. What is the purpose of "circular economy"
A. To remove landfills. B. To increase production.
C. To help exchange goods. D. To realize resource cycle.
30. What can be inferred from Chamberlain
A. He expects more wiser users.
B. He supports purchase upgrades.
C. He creates the repairing database of iFixit.
D. He has a desire for companies and consumers.
河北省邯郸市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Pacific Coast Range
Stretching along the west coast of North America from northern California to Alaska, the forests found along the Pacific Coast Range are the largest area of temperate (温带的)rainforest in the world. The forests are home to the coast redwood, the world's tallest tree. Across the region, the forest understory(林下叶层)is wet and heavily vegetated.
Taiheiyo Evergreen Forests
Found in southern Japan, they are temperate rainforests of evergreen broadleaf trees. The forests can receive more than 100 inches of rain every year. The forests are covered by Japanese cedar and Japanese stone oak, while moso bamboo comprise the understory. The extent of the Taiheiyo forests has been reduced due to development and agriculture. Today, 17%of the remaining forest is protected by national parks and other reserves.
Atlantic Oakwood Forest
The Atlantic Oakwood Forest covers the wettest parts of the United Kingdom. A species of oak tree (橡树)called sessile oak occupies the landscape. Unlike other temperate forests, these forests tend to have an open understory of grasses. Much of the historical range of the forest has given to agriculture and other development, though that has changed in recent decades.
Valdivian Temperate Rainforest
This forest is found on the west coast of Chile and Argentina, on the wet, western slopes(斜坡)of the Andes mountain range. With the coastline to the west, the peaks of the Andes to the east, and the Atacama Desert to the north, the region supports a number of plant and animal species found nowhere else in the world. Uniquely, the forest is covered by evergreen flowering trees, which are native to Chile and little known outside the region.
21. Which of the four forest areas occupies the most land
A. Pacific Coast Range. B. Taiheiyo Evergreen Forests.
C. Atlantic Oakwood Forest. D. Valdivian Temperate Rainforest.
22. What do Taiheiyo Evergreen Forests and Atlantic Oakwood Forest have in common
A. They have open understory grasses.
B. They're home to extremely tall trees.
C. They're of great historical significance.
D. They used to be affected by agriculture.
23. What is unique to Valdivian Temperate Rainforest
A. Wet climate. B. Coastal location.
C. Evergreen flowering trees. D. Well-protected national parks.
B
When I was in second grade, I discovered my parents'600 Film Polaroid camera. Somehow, there was still film inside of the camera and the camera worked! I spent that night taking pictures of my family and our pet dog. The next day, I convinced my parents to let me take it to class and took pictures of my friends. I instantly fell in love with capturing memories.
From then on, I would always ask my parents if I could borrow their digital camera during family vacations. I loved taking pictures of everything in sight. When I saw the pictures, I was filled with happiness from the moments I was able to record.
At high school, I took some photography courses furthering my curiosity for this art form. I learned about editing and the wonders of Photoshop. I learned what a great tool it is and I tried my best to practice as often as I could. When I was looking at universities, I was extremely interested in art schools because of photography. I knew deep in my heart that I wanted to do something more with photography. However, I also had a dream and passion to study business. I eventually decided to attend a university where I had the opportunity to study both fields.
During my first year of college, I decided to pursue a photography minor. My love for Business and Marketing helped me to turn my passion into a business. I created Angelica Carrete Photography in 2016 as a way to do more with my hobby. I challenged myself to grow as a creative every day and tried my best to stay motivated through the struggles that come with being a college student. I created this blog as a way to express my thoughts on the many different aspects of photography and to further challenge my creativity. I am so excited about this journey!
24. What does the underlined word “capturing” mean in paragraph 1
A. Recalling. B. Shooting C. Losing. D. Spreading.
25. What happened in the author's high school days
A. He learned some photo-editing skills.
B. He was given an offer by an art school.
C. He was given a digital camera by his parents.
D. He used a camera as a tool to explore the world.
26. What can be inferred about the author
A. He took photography as his major at university.
B. He got creative thoughts through reading a blog.
C. He considered marketing as the biggest challenge.
D. He enjoyed the process of turning passion into a business.
27. The author stayed positive, even though ______________________.
A. his college days are difficult B. his parents are not supportive
C. he could only use an old camera D. he failed to be admitted to an art school
C
Emile and the Field is the story of a little boy who spends every season playing in a field by his house, whispering to the trees or playing in the leaves.
Kevin Young, the author of the book, originally wrote Emile and the Field years ago as a bedtime poem for his son. Young's son is a teenager now—and too old for bedtime stories—but this poem about Emile lives on, now as a children's book illustrated by Chioma Ebinama, a fine artist living in Greece.
Ebinama wanted to reflect Emile's love for nature, so she used a sort of romantic palette(调色板)of pinks, blues and sunny yellows. She hand-painted the illustrations in watercolor.
For inspiration, Ebinama says she drew from a variety of influences. One scene, where Emile and his father hold hands and walk through the snow-covered field, reminds us of Snowy Day, Keats'1962 children's book about Peter, an African American boy who explores his neighborhood after the season's first snowfall.
And—as in Snowy Day—Ebinama drew the little boy in Emile and the Field as a black child. Even though the author and the illustrator never discussed it clearly, Young says the fact of Emile's blackness was very important to him. The winter scenes were actually the most challenging. Obviously it's winter so it's mostly white.
Emile and the Field is a family story for both the author and the illustrator. Ebinama, for example, drew her dog, Luna, into the story as the little dog that follows Emile around. Even though there is no dog in Young's original poem, Luna came in very handy.
There was a kind of family quality to the book for Young. He named the main character of his poem after his great-grandfather, Emile, a farmer who lived to be 103 years old. He says the story reminds him of running around his family's fields as a kid in Louisiana.
“There's nothing better than being read to or reading to someone, ”Young says. “It really connects you to this long story-telling tradition. ”
28. Why did Young write Emile and the Field at first
A. To satisfy his love for nature. B. To read it as a bedtime poem.
C. To encourage his teenage son. D. To tell the story of a Greek boy.
29. Why was Snowy Day mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To give us a good understanding of Keats.
B. To introduce the life of an African American boy.
C. To provide us with an example of children's books.
D. To tell us where Ebinama got her inspiration to paint Emile.
30. What can be learned about the dog Luna
A. It's Emile's pet in real life. B. It's a character created by Young.
C. It gives Ebinama a sense of family. D. It has the colors of black and white.
31. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To report an important event. B. To help readers appreciate a book.
C. To tell about a personal experience. D. To advertise for a publishing house.
D
Robert Chmielewski has had quadriplegia(四肢瘫痪) since his teens. Sensors implanted (植入)in his brain read his thoughts to control two robotic arms, which helps him to perform daily tasks. Now he can use one robotic arm to control a knife and the other a fork.
Modern technology can reach inside someone's head and pull out what he is thinking. Maybe he intends to move a robotic arm or type something on a computer screen. Such thought-controlled devices can help people who aren't able to move or perform different tasks and promote the well-being of the disabled.
Decoding (解码) thought usually requires placing sensors directly on or in someone's brain. Those implanted sensors can catch the electrical signals passing between the person's brain cells, or neurons. Such signals carry messages that allow brains to think, feel and control the body.
Using brain implants, researchers have picked up electrical signals in the brain linked to certain words or letters. This has allowed brain implants to transform thoughts into text or speech on a computer. Likewise, brain implants have transformed imagined handwriting into text on a screen. Implanted sensors have even allowed scientists to turn the signals they caught that are associated with a song in someone's head into real music.
In a recent study, scientists decoded full stories from people's brains using MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描). This did not require any brain implants. But building the thought decoder did require many hours of brain scans for each person. What's more, the system only worked on the person whose brain scans helped build it and only when that person was willing to have their mind read.
So devices that might let someone secretly read your mind from across the room are still a long, long way off. Still, it's clear that mind-reading tech is getting more advanced. As it does, scientists are thinking hard about what it would mean to live in a world where not even the inside of your head is completely private. 32. What does the text begin with
A. A suggestion. B. A comparison. C. An argument. D. An example.
33. What is explained in the text
A. What principles a thought decoder should follow.
B. How MRI monitors the work of the implanted sensors.
C. What's used to catch signals passing through the brain.
D. How robotic arms are designed to satisfy different needs.
34. What is scientists' attitude towards the future of the technology discussed in the text
A. Concerned. B. Confident. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Mind Reading is Stealing Our Privacy
B. Mind Reading is Hard, but not Impossible
C. Mind Reading—Good News for Musicians
D. Mind Reading—a Brain-scanning Technology
答案：
河北省沧州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了华盛顿到纽约的火车乘车信息和注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格信息第四列“Duration(持续时间)”中的乘车时间以及最后一行“Union Station — Penn Station，8:00 AM，10:30 AM，2h 30m(联合车站——宾夕法尼亚站车站，上午8:00（离站），上午10:30（到达），2小时30分（持续时间）)”可知，上午8点发车的车次用时最短，为2小时30分钟。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三行中第二个车次的信息可知，下午四点发车的车次票价是190美元；结合“Deals and discounts”部分中的“The train company has a discount policy on train tickets. It offers a discount for family groups (3 or more people) and babies. It offers a 50% discount for babies under the age of 24 months. Disabled people and people with reduced mobility can receive free assistance at the train station and on the train.(火车公司对火车票有折扣政策。它为家庭团体（3人或以上）和婴儿提供折扣。不满24个月的婴儿可以打五折。残疾人和行动不便的人可以在火车站和火车上获得免费帮助)”可知，两个青少年不能享受折扣；因此两名青少年如果选择下午4点的火车需要支付380美元（190美元×2）。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Boarding on train”下文内容“It’s important to arrive at the station one hour before your train leaves, so you can check your ticket without problems.(在火车出发前一小时到达车站很重要，这样你就可以毫无问题地检票了)”可知，乘客最好提前一小时到达车站。故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。由一群青少年创办的Free Your Voice组织，致力于改善南巴尔的摩当地由煤炭带来的空气污染，尤其是运输煤炭的污染大户CSX运输公司。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People think South Baltimore is a place filled with danger. It’s not. It’s just we’re surrounded by dangerous things,(人们认为南巴尔的摩是个充满危险的地方。它不是。只是我们周围都是危险的东西)”可知，人们描述南巴尔的摩的是个充满危险的地方。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The teens of Free Your Voice are taking on a big opponent (对手): the massive transportation company CSX, which transports more than 8 million tons of coal through South Baltimore annually.(Free Your Voice的青少年们正在挑战一个强大的对手：大型运输公司CSX，该公司每年通过南巴尔的摩运输超过800万吨煤炭。)”可知，煤炭运输是Free Your Voice运动的主要焦点。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We were talking to people and that’s just like, ‘You’re a kid! Like this is not gonna change, it’s been happening forever.’(我们和人们交谈时，他们就像在说，‘你还是个孩子!就像这不会改变一样，它一直在发生。’)”可知，社区里的一些人最初怀疑学生们的努力是因为他们认为学生们太年轻，不能做出改变。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Meanwhile, the students spent the summer using sticky paper to gather samples of dust from all over the neighborhood to prove that the dust was from coal and to pinpoint which parts of the neighborhood were most affected.(与此同时，学生们整个夏天都在用粘性纸收集周围的灰尘样本，以证明这些灰尘来自煤炭，并确定社区的哪些部分受到的影响最大。)”可知，学生们使用粘纸进行粉尘取样的方法收集与煤有关的污染的证据。故选C项。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于动物能否识别镜中自己的科学实验。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The “mark test” (or “mirror test”) is a way to test animal intelligence — whether an animal can recognize itself, especially animals with large brains.(‘标记测试’（‘镜像测试’）)是一种测试动物智力的方法，即动物是否能认出自己，尤其是那些大脑很大的动物。)”可知，“标记测试（mark test）”的目的是测试动物能否认出自己。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The scientists realized that they could use the shadow of a hawk to test if roosters could recognize themselves in a mirror.(科学家们意识到，他们可以用鹰的影子来测试公鸡是否能在镜子里认出自己。)”以及第四段“First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above the bird and watching how the rooster reacted.(首先，科学家们让公鸡花时间适应在一个封闭的空间里，周围有一面镜子。然后，他们让鹰的影子出现在鸟的上方进行了几次测试，观察公鸡的反应。)”可知，科学家意识到可以用鹰的影子来测试公鸡是否能在镜子里认出自己，他们让公鸡在一个封闭的周围有一面镜子空间里适应一段时间，然后让鹰的影子出现在鸟的上方来观察公鸡的反应；结合第五段“When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. They called out when they were near another rooster, but remained quiet when they were alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent despite the hawk shadow.(没有镜子时，公鸡的反应和往常一样。当它们靠近另一只公鸡时，它们就叫起来，但当它们独自时，它们就保持安静。但当一只公鸡在镜子里看到自己的时候，它并没有被愚弄误以为还有另一只公鸡。尽管有鹰的影子，它还是保持沉默。)”可知，科学家增加鹰的影子后观察公鸡的反应，来测试公鸡是否能识别出镜中的自己，即公鸡是否认为自己是独自的。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It proves the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. That suggests that the mark test may not be a good test of whether an animal can recognize itself.(这证明公鸡知道它们在镜子里看到的是自己，而不是其他公鸡。这表明，标记测试可能不是一个很好的验证动物是否能认出自己的测试。)”可推知，mark test在证明动物能否识别镜中的自己方面存在着缺陷。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The scientists hope their results will encourage other scientists to look for better ways of testing self-recognition in animals.(科学家们希望他们的结果能鼓励其他科学家寻找更好的方法来测试动物的自我认知。)”可推知，科学家们希望其他科学家寻找更好的方法来测试动物的自我认知，即期待将来其他科学家能找到更好的方法来验证动物的智力。故选D。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述头脑风暴经常不起作用的原因，并提出并介绍改进的方式——“脑力写作法”。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词上文内容“When we’re facing a complex problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. We love seeing it happen — except for one problem.(当我们面对一个复杂的问题时，我们通常会聚集一群人进行头脑风暴。我们希望尽快得到最好的创意。我们喜欢看到它发生——除了一个问题。)”可知，当我们面对一个复杂的问题时，我们往往会用头脑风暴解决问题；我们希望通过头脑风暴尽快得到最好的创意，但是它也有一个问题；划线词所在句“Group brainstorming usually backfires.(集体头脑风暴通常会backfires。)”承接上文阐述头脑风暴会出现的问题；再根据第二段第一句“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧。)”可知，头脑风暴很多时候没有办法解决问题，无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧。由此推知，backfires与fails意思一致，意为“失败，未能（做到）”。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Brainstorming groups fall so far short of their potential that we get more ideas — and better ideas —if we all work alone. As the humorist Dave Barry quipped (打趣道),“If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” (大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧。头脑风暴小组远远没有发挥出他们的潜力，如果我们都单独工作，我们会得到更多的想法——更好的想法。正如幽默作家Dave Barry打趣的那样：“如果你必须用一个词来确定人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。)”作者首先指出，大量证据表明头脑风暴无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧，远远没有发挥出他们的潜力，然后作者引用幽默作家Dave Barry打趣“会议”这个词来说明头脑风暴无法让人们实现其全部潜力；由此可知，作者在第二段提到DaveBarry是为了说明头脑风暴的缺点。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’d better turn to a process called “brain writing”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously (匿名地) among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine (完善) the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and stating them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.” (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好采用一种叫做“脑力写作”的方法，而不是头脑风暴。最初的步骤是独自完成的。你首先要求每个人分别提出想法。接下来，将它们汇集在一起并在组中匿名共享。为了保持独立的判断，每个成员都自己评估。只有这样，团队才会聚集在一起选择和完善最有前途的选项。通过在选择和陈述想法之前单独发展和评估想法，团队可以发现和推进可能不被关注的可能性。)”可知，在脑力写作（brain writing）中，首先要求每个人分别提出想法，然后汇集在一起并在组中匿名共享，每个成员对这项想法进行独立评估，最后团队才会聚集在一起选择和完善最有前途的选项；由此可知，脑力写作（brain writing）与头脑风暴的不同之处在于脑力写作涉及个人想法的创新和评估。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一、二段阐述了集体头脑风暴的弊端以及其会让好想法流失的原因；文章第三段第一句“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’d better turn to a process called “brain writing”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好采用一种叫做“脑力写作”的方法，而不是头脑风暴。)”承上启下，指出“脑力写作”能够找出团队中隐藏的力量，下文接着阐述其操作步骤，并通过具体事例来阐述“脑力写作”更有效果而“头脑风暴”会不起作用的原因。由此可知，本文主要探讨为什么头脑风暴会不起作用的原因并提出改进的方式。A选项“Why Brainstorming Doesn’t Work(为什么头脑风暴不起作用)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
河北省张家口市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
1．D 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要以老师Jenny、建筑工人Ted和厨师Mike的家庭饮食习惯为例，说明“人如其食”这句话背后的道理。
1．细节理解题。根据“Jenny 31 Teacher”下文中的“We like cooking at home and make our meals from fresh, seasonal fruit and vegetables. Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days.(我们喜欢在家做饭，用新鲜的时令水果和蔬菜做饭。一起做饭让我们有机会放松和叙旧)”可知，珍妮喜欢和丈夫一起做饭。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“Mike 49 Chef”下文中的“Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.(有时我会从我工作的餐馆带食物回家。)”以及“I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables, but ready meals are so convenient.(我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但即食食品很方便。)”可知，迈克认为即食食品很方便，有时会从自己工作的餐馆带回食物；由此可推测，迈克会说吃工作场所带来的食物很方便。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat” We put this to the test by asking three people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles.(‘人如其食’这句话背后有什么道理吗？我们通过让三个人打开冰箱门，谈论他们的生活方式来测试这一点。)”以及文章内容可知，本文记录了三位被采访者的家庭饮食习惯，文章是一篇采访记录。故选A。
4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自2000年中非合作论坛成立以来，越来越多的中国公司和组织前往非洲从事农业工作，为非洲人民提供帮助。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“On the farm, local people are dancing and singing to celebrate their recent harvest. Their hard work has paid off and got beautiful fruit — white and fragrant rice!(在农场里，当地人载歌载舞，庆祝他们最近的收成。他们的辛勤劳动得到了回报，结出了美丽的果实——又白又香的水稻！)”可知，本段描述了非洲人民在丰收之后载歌载舞，庆祝的场景。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“When we first arrived in 2017, the farm was full of weeds (杂草) , as tall as a man,(2017年我们刚到的时候，农场里杂草丛生，和人一样高)”可知，易云第一次来到莫桑比克的农场时，看到了像人一样高的杂草。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“After clearing the weeds, the company began to teach locals farming skills. “We taught them how to drive tractors and harvesters, and how to grow rice step by step including sowing seeds and spraying pesticide.”(清除杂草后，该公司开始向当地人传授农业技能。“我们教他们如何驾驶拖拉机和收割机，以及如何一步一步种植水稻，包括播种和喷洒农药。”)”以及第四段““We bring in new techniques, equipment and high-quality seeds,” said Yi.(易说：“我们引进了新技术、新设备和优质种子。”)”可知，易云的公司为莫桑比亚的农业发展做出很大的贡献。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“African people are just as hard-working as the Chinese and also want to pursue a better life. What they need is more opportunities, which China is now helping with. (非洲人民和中国人一样努力工作，也希望追求更好的生活。他们需要的是更多的机会，而中国现在正在帮助他们)”可知，易云认为非洲人民需要更多的机会，来创造更好的生活。故选C。
8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了波兰医生Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof创造了世界语，他独自建立了这门语言的基础，并帮助将其介绍给世界。讲述了他创造这一语言背后的原因以及意义。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zamenhol said Russian was his mother tongue — the area of Poland he lived in was then part of the Russian Federation — but he generally spoke Polish everyday.(Zamenhof说，俄语是他的母语——他居住的波兰地区当时是俄罗斯联邦的一部分——但他基本上每天都说波兰语)”可知，Zamenhof的母语是俄语。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Having command of so many languages had a great impact on his creation of Esperanto, which was Zamenhof’s 14th language.(掌握如此多的语言对他创作世界语有很大的影响，世界语是Zamenhof的第14种语言)”可知，Zamenhof能够创造世界语是因为他受到他学过的13种语言的影响。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“During his life, Zamenhof became extremely interested in the idea of creating a tolerant world, free from the horrors (恐怖) of war. (在他的一生中，Zamenhof对创造一个没有战争恐怖的宽容世界的想法产生了极大的兴趣)”可知，对世界和平的渴望让Zamenhof产生了创造世界语的想法。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It was strongly influenced by European language, which can put people who speak Asian languages at a distinct disadvantage in learning and speaking Esperanto.”可知，世界语受到欧洲语言的强烈影响，这使得说亚洲语言的人在学习和说世界语时处于明显的劣势，即世界语并非没有缺点。故划线词意思是“缺点”。故选C。
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及带来的负面影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.(由于文本比每个单词的含义加起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络)”可知，ChatGPT有能够理解文本的神经网络是让人印象深刻的方面。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of.(人工智能程序可以回答一系列主题的问题，并撰写文章、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文本)”，第三段“Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.(由于文本比每个单词的含义加起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络)”以及第五段“The GPT models were built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.(GPT模型是由OpenAI将Transformer与无监督学习相结合构建的，这意味着模型可以自己学习，而无需被告知要看什么)”可推知，ChatGPT使用的语言模型能够理解文本，有了理解力，Cha