2024年人教版中考二轮复习课件专题9　第4节　定语从句课件(共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
第4节　定语从句
1.语法填空。
根据下面短文内容和提示,在短文的空格处填上一个语法最恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。
Long long ago, there lived an emperor 　①　 liked new and beautiful clothes a lot. Every day he was looking for the most beautiful clothes. One day, two men got to the palace and said they could make the best clothes in the world.
The emperor was very happy and asked them, “Is there anything special with the clothes 　②　 you two make ” They said, “We can make the most beautiful ones 　③　 only the wise men could see while the fools could not.” The emperor believed them, and waited day and night.
The emperor ordered some ministers to check their work. They could see nothing but they didn’t want to be fools. “It is the best dress 　④　 we have ever seen,” they told the emperor. The emperor went to see the clothes but he could see nothing. He thought that he was a man 　⑤　 was wise. At last, he went to the square 　⑥　 all his people got together to admire the new dress. The emperor wore his new dress that was actually nothing. Suddenly, there was a boy 　⑦　 shouted loudly, “He didn’t wear anything at all!”
People was surprised at the boy 　⑧　 words were true.
① who/that　　 ② that/which　　 ③ that　 ④ that
⑤ who/that ⑥ where　 ⑦ who/that　　 ⑧ whose　
2.知识回顾。
短文中,填写的词后所接句子是用来修饰前面的 名词　(如空格①、②、④、⑤)或 代词　 (如空格③), 这样的句子叫作 定语从句　。
被定语从句修饰的名词及代词称作 先行词　,引导定语从句的词叫作
关系词　。关系词分为 关系代词　 (that, which, who, whom, whose)和
关系副词　 (when, where, why)。
考点1 定语从句的基本结构
基本结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句
先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词,通常位于定语从句之前,主要是指人、物、时间、地点及原因的名词或者代词,有时也可以是整个句子。
关系词:关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,而且在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词:where, when, why
注意:关系词代替先行词在从句中充当成分,从句中不能再出现相当于先行词的词。
如:The boy who is wearing a blue dress is my brother.(who为关系代词)
This is the city where Lu Xun was born.(where为关系副词)
考点2 关系代词的用法
(一)先行词指人时
1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,用who或that。
She is a girl who/that loves sports.
2.关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,用whom, that或省略。
The beautiful woman whom my mom is talking with is my head teacher.
3.关系代词在定语从句中充当定语时,whose后接名词。
The actress whose performance is wonderful will come to my city next week.
(二)先行词指物时
1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,用that或which。
The book that/which is in the box is Jack’s.
2.关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,用that, which或省略。
The gift (that/which)my best friend gave to me is very excellent.
3.关系代词在定语从句中充当定语时,whose后接名词。
I like the house whose roof is blue.
(三)关系词只用that不用who/which的情况
1.先行词是all,much, few,little, something,anything,everything, nothing,none等不定代词时,关系代词只用that。
Everything that we learn becomes part of us and changes us.
2.先行词被the very,the last,the same,the only等修饰时,关系代词只用that。
The only country that I have visited is Thailand.
3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,关系代词只用that。
The tallest girl that has good pronunciation is our monitor.
4.先行词既指人又指物时,关系代词只能用that。
We saw many things and kind-hearted people that we admired.
(四)定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
The girl who has long curly hair is my cousin.
考点3 关系副词的用法
1.when
当先行词是时间名词(day, night, month, week, time等)并且在定语从句中作时间状语时,选择关系副词when。
I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
2.where
当先行词是地点名词(place, city, house等)并且在定语从句中作地点状语时,选择关系副词where。
It is the place where I have studied for three years.
3.why
当先行词是原因名词(reason)并且在定语从句中作原因状语时,选择关系副词why。
This is the main reason why he came late.
考点4 解题步骤
1.首先,根据语境分析句子结构,找出先行词;
2.其次,判断先行词是指人还是物,缩小关系词的选择范围;
3.最后,把先行词还原到定语从句中,明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分,如果缺少主干成分,用关系代词;如果从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词。
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(　C　)1.—What kind of music do you like, Rosa
—I like music 　　　　is quiet and gentle.(2022·贵阳改编)
A.whom　　 B.who　　　 C.that
(　B　)2.—Is the woman 　　　　walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches us English and we all love her very much.(2022·铜仁改编)
A.which B.who C.where
(　C　)3.—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies 　　　　give me something to think about.(2022·朝阳改编)
A.whom B.who C.which
(　A　)4.A person 　　　　does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A.who B.whom C.which
(　B　)5.Miss Xiang is a great teacher 　　　　always makes her classes lively and fascinating.(2023·四川遂宁)
A.which　　 B.who
C.what D.whom
(　A　)6.After many years, scientists have found a planet 　　　　is similar to the Earth.(2023·江苏扬州统考二模改编)
A.that B.who
C.what D.when
(　B　)7.If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing 　　　　can’t be achieved.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江)
A.who B.that
C.whom D.which
(　A　)8.I’ll never forget the place 　　　　we visited together last year.(2021·营口)
A.which B.what
C.who D.whom
(　C　)9.I still remember the college and the teachers 　　　　I visited in London years ago.(2023·辽宁抚顺二模)
A.which B.who
C.that D.whom
(　B　)10.—What can we do for the left-home children 　　　　need help
—We could help them with their study online on weekends.(2023·黑龙江)
A.which B.who
C.whom D.what
(　B　)11. In my opinion,of all the books,this is the only one 　　　　is well worth reading.(2021·滨州)
A.who B.that
C.whom D.what
(　C　)12.—Jeff, what are you watching
—A short video about Zhang Guimei 　　　　stories move me deeply.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江)
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.what
Ⅱ.用定语从句的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.Everyone believes China is a powerful country that/which　 has a long history.
2.I like the teachers who/that　 are strict with me.
3.Can you remember the time when　 we traveled together last year
4.Is this the cat whose　 color is black
5.The confident boy who/that　 speaks Chinese so well is from Beijing.
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1.The girl is my sister. She has big eyes.(合并句子)
The girl who/that　 has big eyes is　 my sister.
2. We should shout to the strongmen when we are in danger. The strongmen are near us. (合并句子)
We should shout to the strongmen who/that　 are　 near us when we are in danger.
3.Li Bai is a great poet. He wrote so many beautiful poems.(合并句子)
Li Bai is a great poet who/that　 wrote　 so many beautiful poems.
4.我妈妈常说她喜欢有大花园的房子。
My mother always says she likes the house which/that　 has　 a big garden.
5.带我们参观了重庆博物馆的这位导游是杰克的姐姐。
The guide who/that　 showed us around Chongqing Museum is　 Jack’s sister.