2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇 （各版本适用）（含解析）

2024年高一英语阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇
1.
Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.
There are four main kinds of blood. Most people are born with one of these four: Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O. Type O can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.
Type O is the most common blood group. But the supplies of it available in hospitals and blood banks are usually limited. This is because of the high demand for it. Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient’s blood type.
Giving A, B or AB to someone with a different blood type, including O, can cause a bad reaction by the person’s defense system. Their immune system can reject the blood. This immune reaction can be deadly.
The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules (分子). These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens (抗原), these antigens are found with Type A, B and AB blood but not with Type O.
More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type cells. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes (酶). But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.
Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it will become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.
1．How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood
A．Make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.
B．Make the most of the present type O blood.
C．Develop new ways of using type O blood.
D．Appeal to more people to donate type O blood.
2．What make people have different kinds of blood
A．Sugar molecules in red blood cells. B．Peopled different living conditions.
C．The variety of people’s cells and genes. D．People’s various immune systems.
3．What can we infer from the text
A．Antigens could not be removed to create universal blood.
B．A Danish company wanted to involve itself in studying blood.
C．Type O blood and Type AB blood can be safely given to anyone.
D．The new method is not safe enough to be put into use in hospitals now.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Four Different Kinds of Blood. B．A New Way to Make Type O Blood.
C．The Latest Research on Blood Type. D．Find the Proper Type of Blood.
2.
As a young child, I was painfully shy. I’d watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach. Eventually, my mother would come to the rescue. She’d ask the other kids if I could play, too. Today, I feel comfortable giving public lectures in large halls and having conversations in small groups, but I still tend to avoid situations in which I’m expected to spend time with a roomful of strangers.
There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.
A new research paper reports that the common concern that new people may not like us, or that they may not enjoy our company, is largely unfounded.
Erica Boothby of Cornell University and her colleagues conducted a series of studies to find out what our conversation partners really think of us. In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.
The researchers observed the gap in a variety of situations: strangers getting acquainted in the research laboratory, first-year college students getting to know their dormitory mates over the course of many months, and community members meeting fellow participants in personal development workshops. In each circumstance, people consistently underestimated how much others liked them. For much of the academic year, as dormitory mates got to know each other and even started to develop enduring friendships, the liking gap persisted.
The data also revealed some of the potential reasons for the illusion: we are often more severe with ourselves than with others, and our inner critic prevents us from appreciating how positively other people evaluate us. Not knowing what our conversation partners really think of us, we use our own thoughts as a proxy (代理人). This is a mistake, because our thoughts tend to be more negative than reality.
5．Why does the author mention his childhood experience
A．To show how his character changed.
B．To explain what he was like when he was young.
C．To show an example of why people are shy of communication.
D．To emphasize the important role of a mother in one’s childhood.
6．What does the underlined word “unfounded” probably mean
A．Careless. B．Baseless. C．Selfless. D．Meaningless.
7．What do we know about the liking gap from the text
A．It indicates what strangers really think of us.
B．It begins and ends quickly among strangers.
C．It disappears when strangers get to know each other.
D．It states our misunderstanding of how much others like us.
8．Which of the following is the best title for this text
A．People Like You More than You Know
B．How to Get Along Well with Strangers
C．The Way to Know What Others Think of Us
D．Having Conversations with Strangers Benefits Us
3.
Many strawberry farmers prefer to remove natural habitat around their farms to keep wild birds, and any bacteria they carry, away from their fields and crops. However a new study published in 2022 shows that farms with surrounding natural habitat experience the most benefits from birds, including less crop damage and lower food-safety risks.
The study was conducted at 21 strawberry fields along California’s Central Coast. It found that birds were more likely to carry bacteria and eat berries without surrounding natural habitat.
For the study scientists looked at the analysis of 1,000 fecal (排泄物) samples from 55 bird species, combined with data from more than 300 bird surveys. They used the information to figure out what each bird was eating - be it pests, beneficial insects or crops-as well as which birds were carrying bacteria. Using this data, the scientists then ranked wild birds to see which were more likely to bring most benefits or costs to farmlands. Barn swallows, for example, were ranked beneficial to farmland.
But the results were more than creating a list of “good” and “bad” birds. The study found that most bird species brought both costs and benefits to farms, depending on how the surrounding land was managed. The presence of natural habitat was the single most important factor differentiating a farm where wild birds brought more benefits than harm. And farms with surrounding natural habitat for birds constantly saw less damage and fewer bacteria problems than others.
The study was part of a series of research conducted in Daniel Karp’s lab at University of California, Davis, all focusing on the impact and importance of maintaining natural habitat for wildlife surrounding farmland. A related study in 2020 also found that farms with natural habitat attracted more insect-eating birds and fewer strawberry-eating birds so that farmers experience less berry damage on farms with more habitat nearby.
9．What is the finding of the new study in 2022
A．Wild birds in farms decrease food-safety risks.
B．Natural habitat near farms reduces crop damage
C．Birds in natural habitat carry more bacteria to farms.
D．Farms neighboring natural habitat benefit most from birds.
10．Which of the following was a research step in the study
A．Analyzing 55 bird species.
B．Conducting 300 bird surveys.
C．Finding out what wild birds eat.
D．Ranking birds according to how they eat.
11．What determined the impact that birds brought to farms
A．Presence of neighboring farmlands.
B．Management of the surrounding land.
C．Location of natural habitat for wildlife.
D．Species of wild birds that lived near farms.
12．Why is a related study in 2020 mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To make a comparison.
C．To support the research finding. D．To give background information.
4.
It is reported that endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.”
13．Why are polar bears moving further south
A．To create hybrids. B．To expand ranges.
C．To contact grizzlies. D．To relieve hunger.
14．What enables “pizzly” bears to adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents
A．Broader habitats. B．Climate preference.
C．More food options. D．Improved breeding ability.
15．What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．A rare chance. B．A critical stage.
C．A positive factor. D．A constant change.
16．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
B．Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
C．“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.
D．“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
5.
Nothing seems to brighten up a room faster than a bouquet of flowers. While bringing a touch of nature inside, fresh flowers make a room look and smell better. Perhaps that’s why people who are limited to hospital rooms appreciate flowers so much.
Larsen Jay experienced this for himself. After falling from a building in 2007, Jay was in the hospital for weeks. He faced numerous surgeries and began losing hope. Jay’s friends and family members, though, came to his rescue. They delivered fresh flowers each day and something wonderful happened. Jay’s mood began to improve, and he looked forward to the future with increased hope.
He soon realized that others around him weren’t receiving the same type of emotional support. This drove him to go from room to room, giving away his flowers. The results were amazing! He found that people’s misery quickly turned to happiness.
After leaving the hospital, Jay couldn’t forget the power of his flowers. Within six months, he came up with the idea for Random Acts of Flowers.
Random Acts of Flowers accepts donations of previously used flowers, often from weddings, and rearranges them. The flowers are then given to people in hospitals and nursing homes. In their first year, the organization served fewer than 100 people. But by 2018 they had given out close to 300,000 bouquets.
According to many studies, fresh flowers and plants can help with the healing process. A Harvard study found that flowers bring health benefits, including reduced stress. A different study found that patients with flowers had shorter hospital stays and lower levels of pain. A 2001 Rutgers study discovered that flowers help reduce depression. The University of Tennessee Medical Center did a study on Random Acts of Flowers in 2016. Almost 95 percent of the patients who had received flowers reported an improvement in their emotional condition.
Time spent in hospitals and nursing homes is no bed of roses. But groups like Random Acts of Flowers are making a difference. They give away fresh flowers to show kindness and promote healing.
17．Why did Larsen Jay have to stay in hospital for a long time
A．Because he got injured in an accident.
B．Because he wanted to cheer others up.
C．Because he had to look after other patients.
D．Because he needed to carry out operations.
18．What inspired Jay to set up Random Acts of Flowers
A．The frequency of his friends’ visit.
B．The flowers he gave out to others.
C．The changes of other patients when they got flowers.
D．The experiences of his own when he received flowers.
19．How does the author organize Paragraph 6
A．By listing statistics.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By quoting research results.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
20．What can we learn about Random Acts of Flowers
A．It is well received.
B．It cures the patients.
C．It needs more support.
D．It is highly profitable.
6.
In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed, got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat stroke(运动型中暑). Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment, he survived the potentially deadly stage.
Exertional heat stroke is caused by severe exercise in the heat, and is one of the top three killers of athletes and soldiers in training. When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. In normal circumstances, your body can give off the heat as quickly as it’s generated through cooling methods like the evaporation(蒸发) of sweat. But with severe heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to too much exercise, which raises your corer temperature beyond normal levels. The cells no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky cells increase rapidly through the body, the results can be destructive.
So how do you judge an exertional heat stroke The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40°C observed along with physical signs of central nervous system disorder such as very confusing behaviors or even loss of their sense of self.
As far as treatment goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. It’s essential to start rapid cooling on site in order to lower it as quickly as possible. After any athletic or protective device has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water container, cooling as much surface area as possible. But before you start anything. emergency services should be called.
The sun is known for giving life, but it can also take life away if we’re not careful. But although exertional heat stroke is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, it has been 100% survivable with proper care.
21．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To tell a story. B．To present findings.
C．To put forward a theory. D．To lead to the main topic.
22．What will happen to over—exercise in extremely hot weather
A．There will be minor physical and mental injury.
B．The heat in the body will be released with sweat.
C．Misfunctioning cells will damage the body seriously.
D．High body temperature will result in sweating more.
23．What is the first step to save a person suffering an exertional heal stroke
A．Rush him to the hospital.
B．Call the emergency services.
C．Cool him down with cold water.
D．Take the equipment off the person.
24．Which of the following reflects the statement about the sun in the last paragraph
A．Time tries all things. B．Every coin has two sides.
C．Never judge by appearances. D．Keep something for a rainy day.
7.
Do you want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.
Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development, According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies, Babies who often do activities show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. Also, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
25．What is the main idea of this text
A．How to exercise every week. B．How exercise makes people strong.
C．How exercise helps the brain develop. D．How the brain can change one’s memory.
26．According to the text, what is the connection between exercise and brain development
A．Exercise helps soften our blood vessels. B．Physical exercise helps us think better.
C．The brain needs special mental exercise. D．The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
27．Why is yoga suggested for seniors
A．It can be done in groups. B．It does good to the bones of old people.
C．It does not increase the heart rate. D．It includes learning new skills.
28．Why is making the heart rate increase is useful through physical activities
A．It can improve the brain’s flow of blood.
B．It can slow down the brain’s flow of blood.
C．It can change older people’s mood for the better.
D．It can make seniors forget previous terrible things.
8.
“Half the park is after dark” is more than a clever saying; it’s a way of life — especially for Tyler Nordgren. He’s an artist, astronomer and national park lover who invented the expression and illustrated (加插图) the accompanying poster (海报) series for the national parks. The printed pictures show the midnight blue sky with the vastness (浩瀚) of the Milky Way. They usually picture a star-lit silhouette (轮廓) of one of the park’s driving attractions, and most posters will mention “See the Milky Way” or “Half the Park Is After Dark.”
Unfortunately, the night sky, or the actual night sky, isn’t something most people get to experience fully. According to a recent study, over 80 percent of the world cannot see the whole night sky because of light pollution. From streetlights to buildings to giant advertisements — think Time Square in New York— artificial light illuminates (照亮) the night sky, stealing the stars from us. This is why Nordgren encourages us to get away from light pollution and experience the true starry sky in a national park.
“Think about all the history and all the people who ever looked up at the stars and wondered about the universe. That’s something that we no longer have today,” says Nordgren. “Get out into nature, and see the universe beyond our own atmosphere. And when you see that, you feel awe (敬畏),” says Nordgren. According to a 2018 study, experiencing awe can increase feelings of humility (谦逊) — making one kinder, more modest and more positive. One can feel this sense of awe after hiking a mountain or seeing the Milky Way.
Imagine experiencing a national park after dark. As the sun goes down, the park empties. Many park visitors return to their campsites or hotels, and now the park is quiet and peaceful. ”This is a great time to experience some of the park’s best features,“ Nordgren says. ”Your eyes will most likely adjust, but bringing a flashlight is always a good idea. It’s always wise to make sure you’re not hiking near cliffs (峭壁) in the dark and be aware of what sort of wildlife may be in the park.”
29．What is shown in the posters
A．The night sky above national parks.
B．The crowdedness of national parks.
C．The life of national park lovers.
D．The promise to the protection of national parks.
30．What does the author indicate by mentioning Time Square
A．New York’s nightlife is very busy.
B．Stars are the wonders existing beyond technology.
C．City life without artificial light is hardly possible.
D．Stars can hardly be seen in the night sky because of light pollution.
31．What is the finding of the 2018 study
A．Experiencing awe is helpful.
B．Positive people tend to hike a mountain.
C．It is difficult to see the Milky Way nowadays.
D．People are becoming increasingly disconnected from nature.
32．What do Nordgren’s words in the last paragraph tell us
A．His concerns. B．His humor. C．His suggestions. D．His expectation.
9.
After years of debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and moved to the park. By 2016, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and other parts of United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals ate large amounts of plants, which reduced plant diversity(多样性)in the park. With the disappearance of gray wolves, coyote(草原狼)populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a great number of red foxes in the park, and completely drove away the park’s beavers(河狸).
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers were against the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years thinking up a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
33．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Killed one by one. B．Separated from relatives.
C．Forced to move out. D．Followed secretly.
34．Which is an unexpected result of the disappearance of gray wolves
A．The number of deer increased fast. B．More people moved into the park.
C．Red foxes ate too many plants. D．Beavers in the park were all killed.
35．Biologists suggested the government reintroduce the wolves because _______.
A．they believed it could keep the park back to normal
B．they knew the government was considering that too
C．they were sure it would solve the elk and coyote problems.
D．they thought farmers needn’t worry about animals and pets
36．What is the text mainly about
A．Wildlife research in the United States.
B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C．A war between American farmers and gray wolves.
D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
10.
Sitting close with your little ones from an early age and enjoying a book together is always a great way to spend time, but do you know reading to your children has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life
Firstly, it’s a great introduction to vocabulary. Seeing an adult sounding out the words and linking them to the shapes on the page begins to build up vocabulary that they will use for the rest of their life.
Then there are a variety of good effects of hearing stories which improve their minds and develop social awareness and skills. At a time when they are perhaps stuck indoors more than ever before, reading is the best way to motivate (激发) children’s imagination. They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo and pop into a chocolate factory all before they’ve even had lunch!
There’s no better way to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes than reading their stories and seeing things from another’s point of view is a great way to build empathy (共鸣), tolerance and other qualities needed. There are some fantastic children’s books which show characters acting as strong role models. These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls (叛逆女孩).
Now is the perfect time to build up a library of excellent reads ready for children to enjoy now and in the future. They will create memories to last a lifetime. On top of the benefits for your little ones, it’s fun, relaxing and a great chance to go back and reread the best books from your own childhood.
37．What kind of people is the text written for
A．Parents. B．Children.
C．Teachers. D．Leaders.
38．What does the underlined phrase “pop into” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Start. B．Visit.
C．Build. D．Leave.
39．In which way does Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls do good to children
A．Going to bed easily at bedtime. B．Building good qualities.
C．Building a strong body. D．Bringing back sweet memories.
40．What is the text mainly about
A．Children’s reading habits.
B．Children’s reading materials.
C．Benefits of reading to children.
D．Ways of reading children’s books.
11.
Have you ever spent a couple of hundred on a video game like Fortnite, where the outfit (服装) you buy is only in the virtual world to be worn by your virtual character If so, then you can make sense of a new trend in the fashion scene (时尚界的新潮流): The rise of virtual clothing.
For many, the idea of buying virtual clothes is hard to accept. But more and more digital fashion stores are entering into a growing market — not actual clothes but digital outfits that stores just photoshop onto a customer’s photos or videos to be posted onto Instagram and elsewhere. Soon they are likely to become a way to dress your avatar when communicating in online games and meeting places, all maybe while staying in sweat pants at your own home.
27-year-old British influencer Daniella Loftus sees so much potential (潜力) that last month she gave up her job with a fashion consultancy to spend all her time on her website, This Outfit Does Not Exist. Her Instagram shows the potential of virtual clothing.
Isabelle Boemeke, a Brazilian model and influencer, is already a buyer of digital outfits. Online, she is known as Isodope. She is crazy about virtual clothing. “I wanted to do something very eye-catching. If my videos featured me wearing a T-shirt and jeans, they wouldn’t have the same attraction,” Boemeke said. “I do not have much social ability and I love expressing myself in different ways through virtual clothing.”
That’s the demand (需求), so the supply is coming fast. Outfits on digital fashion store DRESSX range from $25 hats to strange jellyfish-like dresses for hundreds of dollars. “Every brand (品牌) in the future will be on board with digital fashion,” said DRESSX co-founder Daria Shapovalova. Its own research said 15% of customers were doing so for Instagram posts, and almost a quarter found it satisfied their need for new clothing.
41．The main purpose of paragraph 2 is to .
A．introduce the growth of digital fashion
B．stress the importance of the virtual world
C．explain why virtual clothes are easy to make
D．discuss whether it is necessary to dress avatars
42．What did Daniella Loftus do
A．She quit her part-time job. B．She gave up her online avatars.
C．She started to work in a new field. D．She followed her dream as a buyer.
43．How did Isabelle Boemeke feel about virtual clothing
A．It would be the same as any other daily outfit.
B．It was expressive and attractive.
C．It was creative and expensive.
D．It would soon be out of date.
44．What does the author want to say about digital fashion in the last paragraph
A．It will be as popular as traditional fashion.
B．It has been greatly accepted by the public.
C．It hardly meets people’s present needs.
D．It has a big potential market.
12.
Researchers at the University of Kansas say that it's easy for people to judge 90 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes． "Shoes contain useful information about their wearers．" the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality．
Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style， cost， color and condition of someone's shoes． In the study， 63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants． Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes， and then filled out a personality questionnaire．
Some of the results were expected： People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes， and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people． However， some other results are strange enough． For example， "practical and functional" shoes were generally worn by more "pleasant" people， while ankle boots were more connected with "aggressive" personalities． The strangest of all may be that those who wore "uncomfortable looking" shoes tend to have "calm" personalities． And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take very good care of them， you may suffer from "attachment anxiety"， which means you are likely to spend lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance． There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal （主张变革的） types wearing "shabbier and less expensive" shoes．
The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities， but researchers noted that volunteers didn't fully realize that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities．
45．What does this text mainly tell us？
A．Shoes can hide people's real personalities．
B．Shoes contain false information about the wearer．
C．People's personalities can be judged by their shoes．
D．People know little about others' personalities．
46．Which of the results is beyond people's expectation？
A．Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes．
B．Pleasant people are likely to wear ankle boots．
C．Flashier shoes are typically worn by outgoing people．
D．Calm people like wearing uncomfortable shoes．
47．People suffering from "attachment anxiety" tend to　 　．
A．wear strange shoes
B．worry about their appearance
C．have a calm character
D．become a political leader
48．The author wrote the text in order to　 　．
A．inform us of a new study
B．introduce a research method
C．teach how to choose shoes
D．describe different personalities
13.
The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological (考古学的) remains (遗骸) of horses, researchers suggest Indigenous peoples (土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s — before they met Europeans.
The findings agree with oral (口述的) histories from Indigenous groups, which tell of interactions (相互作用) with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.
Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10,000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, Indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks
To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western U.S. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of Native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles (马勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements (化学元素) in the animals’ teeth suggested they ate maize, an Indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers compared the ancient horses’ DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries-old horses had largely Spanish origins (血统).
Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”
The findings also highlight the importance of Indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long,” says co-author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”
49．What needs to be updated according to the new study
A．When horses showed up in the Americas.
B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.
D．Who spread horses through the American West.
50．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains
A．They had hardly any Spanish origins. B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They played a role in natives’ life. D．They were badly treated by natives.
51．What does Collin think of oral histories
A．They spread easily. B．They show the truth.
C．They pass down traditions. D．They unite Indigenous groups.
52．What is the best title for the text
A．Written texts explain human-horse interactions
B．Oral histories help us understand Indigenous cultures
C．New research rewrites the history of American horses
D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past
14.
We know music is very important in our daily life. Do you notice music playing at any of those places when you go somewhere Today most stores, stations, restaurants and other places play music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm
Scientists believe that music influences the way people behave. They think that the sound of western classical (古典的) music makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less money. Without music, people spend ever less.
Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes peoples eat faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This makes people eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money in this way.
Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more active. It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.
Next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might influence the way you do things.
53．According to the text, scientists believe that music can_________.
A．affect people’s behavior B．help us to form good habits
C．develop our interest in food D．influence natural environments
54．Which type of music below can make people eat faster
A．Light music. B．Rock music.
C．Sweet music. D．Soft music.
55．Listening to music can make a student _________.
A．slow in action B．care about manners
C．active in study D．worry about studies
56．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Music and Behavior B．Good and Bad music
C．Types of Music D．Music in Restaurants
15.
What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F) — making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F). At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia.
Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them. In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings. It is a silent killer. As many as 70,000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003.
Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it. Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme. Even if greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades. So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat.
Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.
The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.
57．What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest
A．It has stricken a usually mild area.
B．It hits central Europe except Siberia.
C．Many temperature records are being broken.
D．Many records are being broken by large margins.
58．What can we learn from the report in the Lancer
A．People have paid much attention to heatwaves.
B．Heat doesn’t cause widespread damage to belongings.
C．The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods.
D．About 300,000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat.
59．What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves
A．Provide some cool places. B．Build nursing homes.
C．Organize outdoor activities. D．Shelter the homeless.
60．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Improving Public Facilities B．Taking Heatwaves Seriously
C．Preventing Natural Disasters D．Reducing Greenhouse-gas Emission
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试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了科学家发现O型血的一种新制造方法，来解决现在医院和血库中O型血匮乏的问题，还说明了血液的四种类型以及这项新方法的下一步进程是进行安全测试。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood. (O型血是医院最需要的血。研究人员正在测试的是一种更简单的方法，可以从其他类型的血液中提取O型血。)”可知，科学家用其他血型制造O型血的方式来解决O型血缺乏的问题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules (分子). (血型之间的差异与红细胞中是否含有某种糖分子有关。)”可知，是红细胞中的糖分子让人们有不同的血型。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it will become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood. (他说，下一步是完成安全测试。该团队正在与美国ZymeQuest公司合作测试这种新方法。如果它符合安全要求，而且成本不太高，它将成为一种广泛使用的救生工具，以增加通用血液的供应。)”可推知，新方法现在还不够安全，不能在医院里使用。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood. (科学家们可能已经找到了一种减少O型血短缺的方法。O型血是医院最需要的血。研究人员正在测试的是一种更简单的方法，可以从其他类型的血液中提取O型血。)”可知，本文主要介绍科学家发现了一种新的O型血的制造方法，因此最好的题目是B选项“A New Way to Make Type O Blood. (制造O型血的新方法)”。故选B。
5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“As a young child, I was painfully shy. I’d watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach.”（小时候，我非常害羞。我会看着其他孩子在公园里玩耍，希望我能加入他们，但我太害怕了，不敢靠近。）和第二段内容“There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.”（可能有很多原因。首先，我可能从小就害怕被拒绝。但除此之外，一个可能的因素是，我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）可知，文中列举了作者童年时不愿意与其他人交流的经历，并解释了这种情况产生的原因，由此可知，作者提到他的童年经历是为了举一个例子，说明人们为什么不愿意交流。故选C项。
6．词义猜测题。根据第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，研究发现，认知错觉让我们没有意识到陌生人有多么喜欢我们，由此可知，人们担心新人可能不喜欢我们，或者他们可能不喜欢和我们在一起，这在很大程度上是没有根据的，是一种认知错觉，“Baseless”意为“没有根据的”，能表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，“喜欢差距”指的是经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么喜欢我们，由此可知，“喜欢差距”表明了我们对别人有多喜欢我们的误解。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“But beyond that possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.”（但除此之外，一个可能的因素是，我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）和第四段关键句“In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion (认知错觉) they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.”（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你，“People Like You More than You Know”意为“人们比你知道的更喜欢你”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。
9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。2022年发布的一项新研究表明，周围有自然栖息地的农场从鸟类那里获得的好处最多，包括作物损害更少，食品安全风险更低。
9．细节理解题。根据第一自然段“However a new study published in 2022 shows that farms with surrounding natural habitat experience the most benefits from birds, including less crop damage and lower food-safety risks.(然而，2022年发布的一项新研究表明，周围有自然栖息地的农场从鸟类那里获得的好处最多，包括作物损害更少，食品安全风险更低。)”可知，2022年发布的一项新研究发现是邻近自然栖息地的农场从鸟类中受益最多。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三自然段“For the study scientists looked at the analysis of 1,000 fecal (排泄物) samples from 55 bird species, combined with data from more than 300 bird surveys. They used the information to figure out what each bird was eating - be it pests, beneficial insects or crops-as well as which birds were carrying bacteria.（在这项研究中，科学家们对1000份粪便进行了分析来自55种鸟类的样本，结合300多个鸟类调查的数据。他们利用这些信息来确定每只鸟在吃什么——无论是害虫、益虫还是农作物，以及哪些鸟携带细菌。）”可知，确定野生鸟类吃什么是这项研究的一个步骤。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四自然段“The study found that most bird species brought both costs and benefits to farms, depending on how the surrounding land was managed. The presence of natural habitat was the single most important factor differentiating a farm where wild birds brought more benefits than harm. And farms with surrounding natural habitat for birds constantly saw less damage and fewer bacteria problems than others.(研究发现，大多数鸟类物种给农场带来了成本和收益，这取决于周围土地的管理方式。自然栖息地的存在是区分农场的唯一最重要因素，在那里，野生鸟类带来的益处大于危害。与其他农场相比，周围有鸟类自然栖息地的农场受到的破坏更少，细菌问题更少。)”可知，周围土地的管理决定了鸟类对农场的影响。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“…all focusing on the impact and importance of maintaining natural habitat for wildlife surrounding farmland. A related study in 2020 also found that farms with natural habitat attracted more insect-eating birds and fewer strawberry-eating birds …（所有研究都集中在维护农田周围野生动物自然栖息地的影响和重要性。2020年的一项相关研究还发现，拥有自然栖息地的农场吸引了更多的食虫鸟和更少的吃草莓的鸟……）”可知，最后一段提到2020年的一项相关研究是为了支持研究结果。故选C。
13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.(随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。)”可知，北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Usually, hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. (生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯(Larisa DeSantis)对《生活科学》(Live Science)说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”)”可知，更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选C项。
15．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词后文“Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them.(事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。)”及下一句“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。)”可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句a tipping point(转折点)，相当于A critical stage(关键阶段)。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangered polar bears are breeding with grizzly bears, creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.(科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。)”和倒数第二段“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。)”以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选D项。
17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了送花对于改善人们情绪状态和健康状况的影响，并介绍了像Random Acts of Flowers这样的组织在为改善病人生活质量方面所做出的贡献。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Larsen Jay experienced this for himself. After falling from a building in 2007, Jay was in the hospital for weeks.( Larsen Jay亲身经历了这一点。2007年，Jay从一栋建筑上摔下来，在医院住了几个星期。)”可知，Larsen Jay要在医院住几个星期是因为他从一栋建筑上摔了下来受伤了。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He soon realized that others around him weren’t receiving the same type of emotional support. This drove him to go from room to room, giving away his flowers. The results were amazing! He found that people’s misery quickly turned to happiness.(他很快意识到，他周围的人并没有得到同样的情感支持。这驱使他从一个房间走到另一个房间，把他的花送给别人。结果是惊人的！他发现人们的痛苦很快就变成了快乐。)”以及第四段“After leaving the hospital, Jay couldn’t forget the power of his flowers. Within six months, he came up with the idea for Random Acts of Flowers.(离开医院后，Jay无法忘记他的花的力量。在6个月的时间里，他想出了“Random Acts of Flowers”的点子。)”可知，Jay在医院将花送给其他病人，他发现这些病人的痛苦很快就变成了快乐，由此他觉得花的力量是巨大的。受到了这一经历的启发，他决定创办Random Acts of Flowers。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“According to many studies, fresh flowers and plants can help with the healing process. A Harvard study found that flowers bring health benefits, including reduced stress. A different study found that patients with flowers had shorter hospital stays and lower levels of pain. A 2001 Rutgers study discovered that flowers help reduce depression. The University of Tennessee Medical Center did a study on Random Acts of Flowers in 2016. Almost 95 percent of the patients who had received flowers reported an improvement in their emotional condition.(根据许多研究，鲜花和植物可以帮助愈合过程。哈佛大学的一项研究发现，鲜花对健康有益，包括减轻压力。另一项研究发现，有花的病人住院时间更短，疼痛程度更低。罗格斯大学2001年的一项研究发现，鲜花有助于减轻抑郁。田纳西大学医学中心在2016年做了一项关于花的随机行为的研究。几乎95%收到鲜花的病人报告说他们的情绪状况有所改善。)”可知，作者在第六段引用了大量的研究结果。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Random Acts of Flowers accepts donations of previously used flowers, often from weddings, and rearranges them. The flowers are then given to people in hospitals and nursing homes. In their first year, the organization served fewer than 100 people. But by 2018 they had given out close to 300,000 bouquets.(Random Acts of Flowers接受之前用过的花的捐赠，通常这些花来自婚礼，然后重新排列它们。然后这些花被送给医院和养老院的人。在成立的第一年，该组织服务的人数不到100人。但到2018年，他们已经发出了近30万束鲜花。)”可知，该组织从最初的人数不到100，到如今的庞大规模，说明了该组织越来越受欢迎。故选A。
21．D 22．C 23．B 24．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。运动员在高温下做剧烈运动很容易引起运动型中暑，严重时会危及生命，文中提供了正确的营救方法。
21．推理判断题。第一段讲述一个运动员比赛时发生运动型中暑，幸亏得到及时救治；后面几段分别讲述了运动型中暑的原因、判断方式及营救方法。所以作者在第一段是通过这个事例来引出本文的主要话题一运动型中暑。故选D。
22．细节理解题。第二段提到“But with severe heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to too much exercise, which raises your core temperature beyond normal levels. The cells no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky cells increase rapidly through the body, the results can be destructive.”(但在极热的压力下，由于过度运动，你的身体无法排出足够的热量，这会使你的核心温度超过正常水平。细胞不再正常，并开始流失其内容物。如果这些渗漏细胞在体内迅速增加，结果可能是具有破坏性的)， 由此可知，如果在极热天气里超负荷运动，细胞无法正常发挥功能，这会严重损害身体。故选C。
23．细节理解题。 第四段最后一句提到“But before you start anything, emergency services should be called. ”(但在你开始做任何事情之前，应该打电话给紧急服务部门)，由此可知，挽救运动中暑的人的第一步是拨打急救电话。故选B。
24．推理判断题。最后一段提到“The sun is known for giving life，but it can also take life away if we’re not careful” (众所周知，太阳赋予生命，但如果我们不小心，它也会夺走生命)，由此可知，太阳的论述表明了事情具有好坏两面性。故选B。
25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明运动可以帮助大脑发育，运动对大脑发育的影响甚至可以在婴儿身上看到，并且老年人也可以通过锻炼发展他们的大脑。
25．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do you want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.(你想在读书之余去打篮球吗？医生们开始发现越来越多的信息表明运动和大脑发育之间存在联系)”结合文章主要介绍了研究表明运动可以帮助大脑发育，运动对大脑发育的影响甚至可以在婴儿身上看到，并且老年人也可以通过锻炼发展他们的大脑。可知，这篇文章的主旨是运动如何帮助大脑发育。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better.(卡梅隆博士确信，这可以让锻炼的人更好地思考)”可知，运动和大脑发育之间的联系是体育锻炼有助于我们更好地思考。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.(学习一些新的技能或动作，比如瑜伽或太极，有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径)”可知，建议老年人做瑜伽是因为瑜伽包括学习新技能。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood.(对大多数人来说，任何增加心率的体育活动都是有益的。主要目的是增加大脑的血液流动)”可知，通过体育活动提高心率是有用的因为它可以改善大脑的血液流动。故选A。
29．A 30．D 31．A 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了根据最近的一项研究，由于光污染，世界上80%以上的地区无法看到整个夜空。从路灯到建筑物再到巨大的广告——想想纽约的时代广场——人造光照亮了夜空，偷走了我们的星星。这就是为什么Nordgren鼓励我们远离光污染，去国家公园体验真正的星空。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He’s an artist, astronomer and national park lover who invented the expression and illustrated (加插图) the accompanying poster (海报) series for the national parks. The printed pictures show the midnight blue sky with the vastness (浩瀚)of the Milky Way. They usually picture a star-lit silhouette (轮廓) of one of the park’s driving attractions, and most posters will mention “See the Milky Way” or “Half the Park Is After Dark.””（他是一名艺术家、天文学家和国家公园爱好者，他发明了这一表达，并为国家公园设计了配套的系列海报。印刷的图片展示了午夜的蓝天和浩瀚的银河系。他们通常会描绘出公园某个驾车景点的星光闪烁的剪影，大多数海报会提到“看银河”或“半个公园在天黑后”。）可知，海报上展示了国家公园上空的夜空。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unfortunately, the night sky, or the actual night sky, isn’t something most people get to experience fully. According to a recent study, over 80 percent of the world cannot see the whole night sky because of light pollution. From streetlights to buildings to giant advertisements — think Time Square in New York— artificial light illuminates (照亮) the night sky, stealing the stars from us.”（不幸的是，夜空，或者真正的夜空，并不是大多数人都能充分体验到的。根据最近的一项研究，由于光污染，世界上80%以上的地区无法看到整个夜空。从路灯到建筑物再到巨大的广告——想想纽约的时代广场——人造光照亮了夜空，偷走了我们的星星。）可知，作者提到时代广场表明了由于光污染，在夜空中几乎看不到星星。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to a 2018 study, experiencing awe can increase feelings of humility(谦逊) — making one kinder, more modest and more positive. One can feel this sense of awe after hiking a mountain or seeing the Milky Way.”（根据2018年的一项研究，体验敬畏可以增加谦逊的感觉——让一个人更善良、更谦虚、更积极。爬山或看银河后，就会产生这种敬畏感。）可知，2018年的研究发现了体验敬畏是有帮助的。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Imagine experiencing a national park after dark. As the sun goes down, the park empties. Many park visitors return to their campsites or hotels, and now the park is quiet and peaceful. ”This is a great time to experience some of the park’s best features,“ Nordgren says. ”Your eyes will most likely adjust, but bringing a flashlight is always a good idea. It’s always wise to make sure you’re not hiking near cliffs(峭壁) in the dark and be aware of what sort of wildlife may be in the park.””（想象一下天黑后的国家公园。当太阳下山时，公园里的人就空了。许多公园游客回到他们的营地或酒店，现在公园是安静和安宁的。”这是一个很好的时间来体验公园的一些最好的功能，”Nordgren说。你的眼睛很可能会适应，但带个手电筒总是个好主意。确保你不是在黑暗中靠近悬崖徒步旅行，并了解公园里可能有哪些野生动物，这总是明智的。”）可推知，Nordgren在最后一段的话是想告诉我们他的建议。故选C项。
33．C 34．A 35．A 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了黄石公园引进灰狼的原因和效果，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验。
33．词义猜测题。划线单词上文“Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and other parts of United States (灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国其他地区随处可见)”以及下文“By the 1920s, wolves had disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. (到20世纪20年代，狼已经从黄石地区消失了。他们进一步向北进入加拿大的森林深处，那里的人类较少。)”可知，由于人类的发展导致灰狼不得不离开原来的栖息地，进入到了人类较少的加拿大森林深处。因此第二段中带下划线的单词“displaced”的意思“被迫搬出去”。故选C。
34．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. (狼群的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果。鹿和麋鹿种群—狼的主要食物来源—成长迅速。)”可知，灰狼消失的意外结果是鹿的数量增长很快。故选A。
35．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. (早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园。他们希望狼能够控制麋鹿和郊狼的问题)”可知，生物学家建议政府重新引入狼群是因为他们认为这能让公园恢复正常。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。本文介绍了黄石公园引进灰狼的原因和效果，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验。文章第一段讲到“After years of debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and moved to the park. By 2016, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170. (经过多年的争论，灰狼被重新引入黄石国家公园。14只狼在加拿大被抓，并被转移到公园。到2016年，黄石公园的狼数量已经增长到170多只。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是将狼重新引入黄石公园。故选D。
37．A 38．B 39．B 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了阅读给孩子带来的各种好处。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sitting close with your little ones from an early age and enjoying a book together is always a great way to spend time, but do you know reading to your children has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life (从小和你的孩子坐在一起，一起享受一本书总是一个很好的消磨时间的方式，但是你知道给你的孩子读书有很多好处，会让他们的生活有一个良好的开端吗？)”可知，这篇文章的目标阅读对象是家长。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“They can travel to the moon, meet the Gruffalo(他们可以去月球旅行，去见格鲁法洛)”可知，此处是指进入巧克力工厂，所以pop into意为“访问，进入”。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“These stories can encourage future leaders and thinkers, so every child can feel they can achieve their dreams, from the Little Leaders series to Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls (叛逆女孩).(这些故事可以鼓励未来的领导者和思想家，所以从小领袖系列到叛逆女孩的晚安故事，每个孩子都能感觉到他们可以实现自己的梦想。)”可知，《叛逆女孩的晚安故事》可以培养孩子的良好品质。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sitting close with your little ones from an early age and enjoying a book together is always a great way to spend time, but do you know reading to your children has a whole range of benefits that will give them a flying start in life (从小和你的孩子坐在一起，一起享受一本书总是一个很好的消磨时间的方式，但是你知道给你的孩子读书有很多好处，会让他们的生活有一个良好的开端吗？)”可知，文章主要是讲给孩子读书的好处。故选C。
41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了时尚界有了新趋势：虚拟服装的兴起。越来越多的数字时尚商店正在进入一个不断增长的市场——不是真正的服装，而是数码服装，这些服装只是将顾客的照片或视频PS下来，然后发布到Instagram和其他地方。
41．推理判断题。根据第二段“For many, the idea of buying virtual clothes is hard to accept. But more and more digital fashion stores are entering into a growing market — not actual clothes but digital outfits that stores just photoshop onto a customer’s photos or videos to be posted onto Instagram and elsewhere. Soon they are likely to become a way to dress your avatar when communicating in online games and meeting places, all maybe while staying in sweat pants at your own home.(对于许多人来说，购买虚拟服装的想法很难接受。但越来越多的数字时尚商店正在进入一个不断增长的市场——不是真正的服装，而是数码服装，这些服装只是将顾客的照片或视频ps下来，然后发布到Instagram和其他地方。很快，它们可能会成为你在网络游戏和会议场所交流时给你的化身打扮的一种方式，所有这些都可能是在你自己家里穿着运动裤的时候)”可推知，第二段的主要目的是介绍数字时尚的发展。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“27-year-old British influencer Daniella Loftus sees so much potential (潜力) that last month she gave up her job with a fashion consultancy to spend all her time on her website, This Outfit Does Not Exist. Her Instagram shows the potential of virtual clothing.(27岁的英国网红Daniella Loftus看到了巨大的潜力，以至于上个月她放弃了在一家时尚咨询公司的工作，把所有的时间都花在了自己的网站“这套衣服不存在”上。她的Instagram展示了虚拟服装的潜力)”可知，Isabelle Boemeke开始在一个新的领域工作。故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I wanted to do something very eye-catching. If my videos featured me wearing a T-shirt and jeans, they wouldn’t have the same attraction(我想做一些非常引人注目的东西。如果我在视频中穿着t恤和牛仔裤，它们就不会有同样的吸引力了)”可知，Isabelle Boemeke认为虚拟服装很有表现力，很吸引人。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s the demand (需求), so the supply is coming fast. Outfits on digital fashion store DRESSX range from $25 hats to strange jellyfish-like dresses for hundreds of dollars. “Every brand (品牌) in the future will be on board with digital fashion,” said DRESSX co-founder Daria Shapovalova.(这就是需求，所以供应来得很快。在数字时尚商店DRESSX上，从25美元的帽子到数百美元的奇怪的水母状连衣裙，应有尽有。DRESSX联合创始人达里娅 沙波瓦洛娃表示：“未来每个品牌都将涉足数字时尚。”)”可推知，作者认为数字时尚有很大的潜在市场。故选D。
45．C 46．D 47．B 48．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明根据一个人的鞋子可以判断一个人，甚至是陌生人的性格，准确率能达到90%．研究人员指出有些研究结果是在意料之内的，而有些结果是出乎人们意料的。比如穿实用性鞋子的人一般具有令人愉快的性格，而穿及踝短靴的人却往往具有攻击性的性格。
45．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句