课件22张PPT。语法专项突破系列
名词和冠词名 词
考点1 抽象名词具体化 ★
1. 表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词, 可以与不定冠词a(n)连用, 表示具体的人或物。主要有: 2. 注意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词, 如a coffee一杯咖啡; two teas两杯茶; a paper一篇论文等。【典题印证】在适当的地方填写冠词
(2012·山东高考)Being able to afford_______ drink would be_______ comfort in those tough times.
解题关键: drink此处是可数名词, 意为“(饮料, 尤指酒的)一杯, 一口”,
a drink表示泛指, 而不是特指, 不能用the; a comfort此处是抽象名词
具体化的用法, 指具体的一件令人欣慰的事情。故填a, a。考点2 名词的固定搭配 ★
考查名词固定搭配在具体语境中的运用。常见的固定搭配: 【点津】一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用要求。【典题印证】填写适当的名词
(2013·江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.
解题关键: 根据本句关键信息for the better可知所填空强调的是有所好转, 变得更好。take a turn转弯, 转, (情况、形势等)转变。故填turn。 【高考集训】
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)While there are amazing stories of instant
transformation, for most of us the _______ (change)are gradual and
require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
2. (2014·湖北高考)Her motivation for writing was a desire for women
to get the right to higher _________ (educate).
3. (2014·江苏高考)Good families are much to all their ________
(member), but everything to none. changeseducationmembers根据搭配用适当的名词填空
4. (2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some _______ to my car, but
it’s nothing serious.
5. (2012·天津高考)You are working too hard. You’d better keep a
_______ between work and relaxation. damagebalance冠 词
考点1 冠词的基本用法 ★★★★★
1. 定冠词的常考必备:
(1)上文已出现过或说话双方都熟知的事物; (2)表示世界上独一无二的事物、自然现象、方位或者发明物的名词前; (3)序数词和形容词或副词最高级前; (4)表示年代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专有名词前; (5)形容词或形容词化的过去分词前, 表示一类人或物, 或用于姓氏复数前表示一家人等。【助记】特指双熟悉, 上文已提及; 世上独无二, 序数最高级; 某些专有名, 一类或一家。2. 不定冠词的常考必备:
(1)单数可数名词前, 表泛指的数量“一”; (2)用a certain修饰专有名词(=some+名词单数)表示“某一个”; (3)序数词前, 表示“又一, 再一”; (4)物质名词前, 表示“一份, 一阵, 一场, 一类”等或用于抽象名词具体化; (5)有修饰词的三餐和四季前; (6)a, an与比较级连用, 在否定句中表示最高级意义, 而a+most+形容词+名词, 表示“一个非常……的……”。【助记】泛指单数和首提, 每个某个又一个; 物质名词具体化, 同理还有抽象词; 三餐四季有修饰, 看清是否最高级。3. 零冠词的常考必备:
(1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词前; (2)表示头衔、职位名称的名词作表语、补语、同位语和as的宾语时; (3)as/though引导的让步状语从句中, 作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时。
【助记】特殊名词表泛指; 头衔职位被免除; 让步状从亦丢冠。【典题印证】用适当的冠词填空
(2014·天津高考)Life is like ocean: Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.
解题关键: 第一个空用an表示泛指, 指生活像一片海洋。第二个空用“定冠词the +形容词”表示一类人, 此处the strong-willed表示“意志坚定的人”。故填an; the。考点2 冠词的固定搭配 ★★★★
1. 用在表示计量单位的名词前by the day, by the dozen, by the hour, by the yard等;
2. 固定结构“动词+sb. +介词+the+身体部位名词”;
3. 固定短语: a knowledge of, a collection of, a better understanding of, have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry等; make the best of, in the end, on the phone等; come first, in use, by force等。 【典题印证】用适当的冠词填空
(2014·浙江高考)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days week, often long into night.
解题关键: 本题考查不定冠词表“每一”和定冠词在固定短语中的用法。表示“每周七天”要用seven days a/per/every week; long into the night为固定搭配, 意为“到深夜”。故填a; the。 【高考集训】
用适当的冠词填空
1. (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of ___ most
outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
2. (2014·广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare
VIP room on ___ top floor. thethe3. (2013·广东高考)In the beginning, there was only __ very small
amount of unfairness.
4. (2014·重庆高考)I can’t tell you ___ way to the Wilsons’ because we
don’t have __ Wilson here in the village.
5. (2014·陕西高考)____ village where I was born has grown into __
town. atheaThea