【课堂新坐标】2016届高考英语总复习（人教版，全国通用）语法专项突破：情态动词和虚拟语气（共43张PPT）
文档属性
| 名称 | 【课堂新坐标】2016届高考英语总复习（人教版，全国通用）语法专项突破：情态动词和虚拟语气（共43张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-08-12 09:32:39 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
课件43张PPT。语法专项突破系列
情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词
考点1 9大情态动词的基本用法 ★★★★★【点津】3组易混情态动词用法比较另外要注意:
(1)can的一些常用固定搭配
cannot but do sth. /cannot help but do sth. /cannot choose but do sth. 表示“不得不, 只好”
cannot/can never. . . enough/too再……也不为过(2)may的一些常用固定搭配
may well+动词原形意为“完全能, 很可能”, may(might)as well+动词原形意为“最好, 倒不如”。
(3)mustn’t表示“禁止”“不许做某事”
回答用need提问的问句时与回答用must提问的问句时一样, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to。【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空
(2014·江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _______ bring me food.
解题关键: should可以用在that引导的从句中, 表示“竟然, 居然”, 带有惊讶的语气。故用should。 【高考集训】
用适当的情态动词填空
1. (2014·大纲版全国卷)Although you ____ find bargains in London,
it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
2. (2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __________
become the richest. canmight/may3. (2014·北京高考)_________ I have a word with you? It won’t take
long.
4. (2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my
mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
5. (2013·江西高考)When I was a child, I _____ watch TV whenever I
wanted to. Can/Maywouldcould考点2 5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较 ★★★★【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空
(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _______ have taken it?
解题关键: 根据句意可知, 这是对过去情况的推测, 而且该句是疑问句, 所以应用could。 【高考集训】
用适当的情态动词填空
1. (2013·安徽高考)It _____ not be the vocabulary that caused you the
problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
2. (2013·天津高考)No one _____ be more generous, he has a heart of
gold.
3. (2013·重庆高考)—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert. couldcouldmight根据提示的动词, 用“情态动词+have done”填空
4. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he _____
_________(do)the research on his own.
5. (2013·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _________
______ (drink)too much at the party last night.
6. (2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red? You ______________
(sleep)well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. musthave donemust havedrunkcan’t have slept虚拟语气
考点1 状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 ★★★★
1. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法2. 目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)for fear that/in case+从句: 从句谓语用should+动词原形, 意为“以防, 万一”。
*We got up early for fear that we should miss the early bus.
我们早起以防错过早班车。
(2)lest+从句: 从句谓语用should(could/might)+动词原形, 意为“以防, 万一”。
*We got up early lest we should miss the early bus.
我们早起以防错过早班车。3. 方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
as if/as though+从句: (1)与现在事实相反, 从句用一般过去时; (2)与过去事实相反, 从句用过去完成时; (3)与将来事实相反, 从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。【点津】as if/as though连接的从句表示很有可能的事实时, 不需用虚拟语气。
*She speaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York.
她讲英语好像她是一位地道的纽约人。(虚拟语气)【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·湖南高考)If Mr. Dewey (be)present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
解题关键: 根据本句中的he would have offered可知, 这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 主句谓语用“would/could/should/might have done”, 从句谓语用had done。
答案判定: 句意: 要是杜威先生当时在场的话, 他就会给那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。故用had been。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2014·北京高考)We ________(be)back in the hotel now if you didn’t
lose the map.
2. (2014·重庆高考)It was John who broke the window. Why are you
talking to me as if I ________(do)it?
3. (2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ___________(think)
you were serious. would behad donehad thought4. (2012·北京高考)Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ (be)made of
steel.
5. (2012·陕西高考)If my car ________(be)more reliable, I would have
driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. werehad been考点2 3种特殊的虚拟语气结构 ★★★★【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·福建高考) (be)there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
解题关键: 根据主句中的关键词would have to以及句意可知, 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气, 从句应用一般过去时, 即if there were. . . 。当if从句中有were, had或should时, 可将if省略, 同时将were, had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装。
答案判定: 句意: 要不是现代化的电讯, 我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。故用Were。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were
carrying out the investigation, or they _______________(come)to our
help.
2. (2013·安徽高考)I _______________(go)to my cousin’s birthday
party last night, but I was not available. would have comewould have gone3. (2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ________________(drive)his car to our college
yesterday.
4. (2013·天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking
English before, he ________(be)able to speak it much better now. would have drivenwould be考点3 其他从句中虚拟语气的用法 ★★★
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/
natural/essential/a pity+that从句, 从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
*It’s strange that she(should)make so much trouble.
很奇怪她居然惹这么多麻烦。2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)表示“建议, 命令, 要求”等意义时, 宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持: 动词insist; ②命令: order, command; ③建议: 动词advise, suggest, propose, recommend; ④要求: 动词request, require, demand, ask。
*Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。【点津】①suggest意为“表明, 暗示”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气;
②insist意为“坚持说”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(2)I wish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。
①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”, 从句用一般过去时;
*How he wishes that he were a bird! 他真希望他是一只小鸟。
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”, 从句用过去完成时;
*We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.
我们要是去年去参观长城就好了。③表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小, 从句常用could/would +动词原形。
*We wish we would live on the moon one day.
但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。(3)would rather/prefer+ that从句(从句用虚拟语气)
①表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”, 从句用一般过去时。
*I would rather you were not here with me now.
我宁愿你现在不和我在一起。
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”, 从句用过去完成时。
*I would rather you hadn’t done that.
我宁愿你没做过那件事。3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should+)动词原形”。
*He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained. 他下达命令客人们应该被热情款待。(2)as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气, 与现在事实相反用一般过去时; 与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
*It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.
他今天看上去似乎年轻了10岁。
*It looks as if he hadn’t had a meal for a week.
他好像一周没吃过饭了。4. 定语从句中的虚拟语气
It’s(about/high/very)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形, should不能省略), 意为“某人该做某事了”。
*It’s time that we should go/went home. 我们该回家了。
5. if only从句中的虚拟语气【点津】if only引导的感叹句, 其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
If only the driver hadn’t driven so fast then! 【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2013·浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ (be)at the age of six months old.
解题关键: recommend(建议)后接宾语从句时, 从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用should do形式, should可以省略。
答案判定: 句意: 眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。所以用(should)be。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we __________(eat)out for a
change this weekend.
2. (2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___ (do)
something instead of just talking. (should)eatdid
情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词
考点1 9大情态动词的基本用法 ★★★★★【点津】3组易混情态动词用法比较另外要注意:
(1)can的一些常用固定搭配
cannot but do sth. /cannot help but do sth. /cannot choose but do sth. 表示“不得不, 只好”
cannot/can never. . . enough/too再……也不为过(2)may的一些常用固定搭配
may well+动词原形意为“完全能, 很可能”, may(might)as well+动词原形意为“最好, 倒不如”。
(3)mustn’t表示“禁止”“不许做某事”
回答用need提问的问句时与回答用must提问的问句时一样, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to。【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空
(2014·江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _______ bring me food.
解题关键: should可以用在that引导的从句中, 表示“竟然, 居然”, 带有惊讶的语气。故用should。 【高考集训】
用适当的情态动词填空
1. (2014·大纲版全国卷)Although you ____ find bargains in London,
it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
2. (2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __________
become the richest. canmight/may3. (2014·北京高考)_________ I have a word with you? It won’t take
long.
4. (2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my
mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
5. (2013·江西高考)When I was a child, I _____ watch TV whenever I
wanted to. Can/Maywouldcould考点2 5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较 ★★★★【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空
(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who _______ have taken it?
解题关键: 根据句意可知, 这是对过去情况的推测, 而且该句是疑问句, 所以应用could。 【高考集训】
用适当的情态动词填空
1. (2013·安徽高考)It _____ not be the vocabulary that caused you the
problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
2. (2013·天津高考)No one _____ be more generous, he has a heart of
gold.
3. (2013·重庆高考)—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert. couldcouldmight根据提示的动词, 用“情态动词+have done”填空
4. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he _____
_________(do)the research on his own.
5. (2013·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _________
______ (drink)too much at the party last night.
6. (2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red? You ______________
(sleep)well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. musthave donemust havedrunkcan’t have slept虚拟语气
考点1 状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 ★★★★
1. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法2. 目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)for fear that/in case+从句: 从句谓语用should+动词原形, 意为“以防, 万一”。
*We got up early for fear that we should miss the early bus.
我们早起以防错过早班车。
(2)lest+从句: 从句谓语用should(could/might)+动词原形, 意为“以防, 万一”。
*We got up early lest we should miss the early bus.
我们早起以防错过早班车。3. 方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法
as if/as though+从句: (1)与现在事实相反, 从句用一般过去时; (2)与过去事实相反, 从句用过去完成时; (3)与将来事实相反, 从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。【点津】as if/as though连接的从句表示很有可能的事实时, 不需用虚拟语气。
*She speaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York.
她讲英语好像她是一位地道的纽约人。(虚拟语气)【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·湖南高考)If Mr. Dewey (be)present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
解题关键: 根据本句中的he would have offered可知, 这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 主句谓语用“would/could/should/might have done”, 从句谓语用had done。
答案判定: 句意: 要是杜威先生当时在场的话, 他就会给那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。故用had been。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2014·北京高考)We ________(be)back in the hotel now if you didn’t
lose the map.
2. (2014·重庆高考)It was John who broke the window. Why are you
talking to me as if I ________(do)it?
3. (2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ___________(think)
you were serious. would behad donehad thought4. (2012·北京高考)Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ (be)made of
steel.
5. (2012·陕西高考)If my car ________(be)more reliable, I would have
driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. werehad been考点2 3种特殊的虚拟语气结构 ★★★★【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·福建高考) (be)there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
解题关键: 根据主句中的关键词would have to以及句意可知, 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气, 从句应用一般过去时, 即if there were. . . 。当if从句中有were, had或should时, 可将if省略, 同时将were, had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装。
答案判定: 句意: 要不是现代化的电讯, 我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。故用Were。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were
carrying out the investigation, or they _______________(come)to our
help.
2. (2013·安徽高考)I _______________(go)to my cousin’s birthday
party last night, but I was not available. would have comewould have gone3. (2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ________________(drive)his car to our college
yesterday.
4. (2013·天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking
English before, he ________(be)able to speak it much better now. would have drivenwould be考点3 其他从句中虚拟语气的用法 ★★★
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/
natural/essential/a pity+that从句, 从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
*It’s strange that she(should)make so much trouble.
很奇怪她居然惹这么多麻烦。2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)表示“建议, 命令, 要求”等意义时, 宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持: 动词insist; ②命令: order, command; ③建议: 动词advise, suggest, propose, recommend; ④要求: 动词request, require, demand, ask。
*Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。【点津】①suggest意为“表明, 暗示”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气;
②insist意为“坚持说”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(2)I wish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。
①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”, 从句用一般过去时;
*How he wishes that he were a bird! 他真希望他是一只小鸟。
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”, 从句用过去完成时;
*We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.
我们要是去年去参观长城就好了。③表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小, 从句常用could/would +动词原形。
*We wish we would live on the moon one day.
但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。(3)would rather/prefer+ that从句(从句用虚拟语气)
①表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”, 从句用一般过去时。
*I would rather you were not here with me now.
我宁愿你现在不和我在一起。
②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”, 从句用过去完成时。
*I would rather you hadn’t done that.
我宁愿你没做过那件事。3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should+)动词原形”。
*He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained. 他下达命令客人们应该被热情款待。(2)as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气, 与现在事实相反用一般过去时; 与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
*It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.
他今天看上去似乎年轻了10岁。
*It looks as if he hadn’t had a meal for a week.
他好像一周没吃过饭了。4. 定语从句中的虚拟语气
It’s(about/high/very)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形, should不能省略), 意为“某人该做某事了”。
*It’s time that we should go/went home. 我们该回家了。
5. if only从句中的虚拟语气【点津】if only引导的感叹句, 其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
If only the driver hadn’t driven so fast then! 【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2013·浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________ (be)at the age of six months old.
解题关键: recommend(建议)后接宾语从句时, 从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用should do形式, should可以省略。
答案判定: 句意: 眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。所以用(should)be。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we __________(eat)out for a
change this weekend.
2. (2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ___ (do)
something instead of just talking. (should)eatdid