【课堂新坐标】2016届高考英语总复习（人教版，全国通用）语法专项突破：特殊句式和主谓一致（共54张PPT）
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| 名称 | 【课堂新坐标】2016届高考英语总复习（人教版，全国通用）语法专项突破：特殊句式和主谓一致（共54张PPT） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2015-08-12 09:36:33 | ||
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课件54张PPT。语法专项突破系列
特殊句式和主谓一致特殊句式
考点1 倒装句的类型 ★★★★★
类型1: 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)例如: ①Out rushed a cat from under the table.
②Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist.
③In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.
④Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 类型2: 部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)例如: ①Only in this way can you solve this problem.
②Never before have I seen such a moving film.
③Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.
④So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
⑤Tom doesn’t like bananas, neither/nor do I.
⑥Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
⑦Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim. 【点津】
(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副词置于句首, 但主语为人称代词时, 不用倒装。
(2)only修饰主语置于句首时, 不能倒装。
(3)若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “……不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。
(6)though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。【典题印证】用适当的词填空
(2014·陕西高考)No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 解题关键: no sooner. . . than. . . “一……就……”是一个固定搭配, 而且主句通常用过去完成时态; no sooner置于句首时, 其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为正常语序为: Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 。
答案判定: 句意: 莫言一登上舞台, 观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。故填had。 【高考集训】
用倒装结构完成句子
1. (2014·大纲版全国卷)________________________(护士不仅想要)a
pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
2. (2014·湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart ____
________(你才可以保持)good relationships with others.
3. (2013·江苏高考)“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “__________(我
怀疑)that my father would come to my rescue. ”Not only do the nurses wantwillyou keepdid I doubt4. (2013·辽宁高考)At no time ____________________(他们实际违
反)the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
5. (2013·福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship ______
______ (他意识到)the love we have for our families is important. did they actually breakdid herealize考点2 强调的2种类型 ★★★★★
1. 强调句
(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。
*It was him that we met at the school gate.
(2)在强调句中, 当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时, 强调句结构须用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态, 则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。
(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。
*It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. (5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
*Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ?
*Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 2. 谓语动词的强调
(1)do/does/did+动词原形。
*Do come here this evening.
(2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析【典题印证】用适当的词填空
(2014·福建高考)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 解题关键: 先看本句是不是强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉, 来验证句子是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. ”成分完整, 由此可以断定本句是强调句型。
答案判定: 句意: 是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。所以用that。 【高考集训】
用强调句式完成句子
1. (2014·四川高考)___________________________________(是因为
Jack上学迟到)that Mr. Smith got angry?
2. (2014·湖南高考)It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the
things we have to do ___________________(使生活愉快). Was it because Jack came late for schoolthat makes life happy3. (2013·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _______
_____________________(她才提到自己的计划).
4. (2013·重庆高考)________________________________(正是在当地
导游的帮助下)that the mountain climber was rescued. that shementioned her own planIt was with the help of the local guide考点3 其他特殊句式 ★★★
1. 省略句的5种类型
(1)宾语从句: ①引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
*He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. ②I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语, 后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略。
*—Do you think it will rain?
—I hope not (that it will not rain). (2)定语从句: ①在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。
*He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday.
②the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。
*I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. (3)状语从句: 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 且从句谓语中有be动词时, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
*Though (they were) tired, they went on walking.
(4)虚拟语气: 在虚拟条件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒装。
*Were I (=If I were)twenty now, I would join the army. (5)动词不定式:
①不定式符号to的省略:
a. 感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。
*I heard someone sing in the next room.
b. 在do nothing but, can’t help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。
*He did nothing but wait all the time. ②不定式省略:
a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
*I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
b. 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。
*—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
*—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be. 2. 祈使句【点津】祈使句+and+陈述句=If. . . , +主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If. . . not. . . , +主句3. 反意疑问句【点津】回答反意疑问句时, 如果事实是肯定的, 答语用“Yes+肯定的简略句”; 如果事实是否定的, 答语用“No+否定的简略句”。但陈述部分是否定形式时, 答语中的Yes译成“不”, 答语中的No译成“对, 是的”。4. 感叹句
(1)How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(3)How+主语+谓语!
(4)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(5)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
(6)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
(7)What+名词+主语+谓语! 【典题印证】完成句子
(2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, (如果曾经有的话), reaching 30℃in summer.
解题关键: 根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人), rarely(极少)可知, 空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature)ever reached 30℃in summer。 【高考集训】
根据语境或括号中的提示词完成句子
1. (2014·湖南高考)_____ (make)what you’re doing today important,
because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
2. (2014·重庆高考)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,
______ you?
3. (2013·湖南高考)Every day ____ (read)a proverb aloud several times
until you have it memorized. Makedidn’tread4. (2013·江西高考)If _____ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else,
inform the police at once.
5. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the
roadside but was asked by the police not __. askedto主谓一致【点津】
(1)在定语从句中, 关系代词作主语, 其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致, 但“one of+复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数, 而在“the(only/very)one of+复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中, 谓语动词却用单数。
(2)当主语后有介词with, together/along with, including, like, but, except, other than, rather than和as well as等时, 谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(3)a quantity of/quantities of和a(great, large)amount of/large amounts of后既可接可数名词, 也可接不可数名词, 其谓语动词视quantity和amount的单复数形式而定。
(4)若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句, 表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念, 则谓语动词用单数形式。
(5)many a, more than one后加可数名词的单数形式, 谓语动词常用单数。(6)从句、不定式或动名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句中, 谓语动词的形式要根据主语从句表示的意义是单数概念还是复数概念而定。【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·湖南高考)All we need (be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 解题关键: 根据空格后的a small piece of land可知, 本句谓语动词的数应该是单数, 因为当all, all of, half of, the rest of, most of及“百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时, 句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而定。而根据句中的All we need可知, 这里说的是现在的事实, 所以用一般现在时。
答案判定: 句意: 我们所需要的就是一小块地而已, 在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。所以填is。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2013·上海高考)Among the crises that humans face __ (be)the lack
of natural resources.
2. (2013·福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____
______ (invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei
Flower Expo. iswasinvited3. (2013·湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for
international students ___ (be)around $8, 450 a year, which __ (be)a
burden for some of them.
4. (2012·安徽高考)Walmart, which is one of the largest American
supermarket chains, _____ (keep)some of its stores open 24 hours on
Mondays through Saturdays. areiskeeps【误区警示】
本题易错填keep或have kept, 有的考生错把supermarket chains当成主语, 认为主语为复数。5. (2012·湖南高考)All the scientific evidence ______ (show)that
increasing use of chemicals in farming __ (be)damaging our health. showsis
特殊句式和主谓一致特殊句式
考点1 倒装句的类型 ★★★★★
类型1: 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)例如: ①Out rushed a cat from under the table.
②Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist.
③In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.
④Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 类型2: 部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)例如: ①Only in this way can you solve this problem.
②Never before have I seen such a moving film.
③Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.
④So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
⑤Tom doesn’t like bananas, neither/nor do I.
⑥Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
⑦Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim. 【点津】
(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副词置于句首, 但主语为人称代词时, 不用倒装。
(2)only修饰主语置于句首时, 不能倒装。
(3)若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。
(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “……不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。
(6)though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。【典题印证】用适当的词填空
(2014·陕西高考)No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 解题关键: no sooner. . . than. . . “一……就……”是一个固定搭配, 而且主句通常用过去完成时态; no sooner置于句首时, 其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为正常语序为: Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 。
答案判定: 句意: 莫言一登上舞台, 观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。故填had。 【高考集训】
用倒装结构完成句子
1. (2014·大纲版全国卷)________________________(护士不仅想要)a
pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
2. (2014·湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart ____
________(你才可以保持)good relationships with others.
3. (2013·江苏高考)“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “__________(我
怀疑)that my father would come to my rescue. ”Not only do the nurses wantwillyou keepdid I doubt4. (2013·辽宁高考)At no time ____________________(他们实际违
反)the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
5. (2013·福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship ______
______ (他意识到)the love we have for our families is important. did they actually breakdid herealize考点2 强调的2种类型 ★★★★★
1. 强调句
(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。
*It was him that we met at the school gate.
(2)在强调句中, 当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时, 强调句结构须用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态, 则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。
(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。
*It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. (5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
*Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ?
*Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 2. 谓语动词的强调
(1)do/does/did+动词原形。
*Do come here this evening.
(2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析【典题印证】用适当的词填空
(2014·福建高考)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 解题关键: 先看本句是不是强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉, 来验证句子是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. ”成分完整, 由此可以断定本句是强调句型。
答案判定: 句意: 是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。所以用that。 【高考集训】
用强调句式完成句子
1. (2014·四川高考)___________________________________(是因为
Jack上学迟到)that Mr. Smith got angry?
2. (2014·湖南高考)It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the
things we have to do ___________________(使生活愉快). Was it because Jack came late for schoolthat makes life happy3. (2013·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _______
_____________________(她才提到自己的计划).
4. (2013·重庆高考)________________________________(正是在当地
导游的帮助下)that the mountain climber was rescued. that shementioned her own planIt was with the help of the local guide考点3 其他特殊句式 ★★★
1. 省略句的5种类型
(1)宾语从句: ①引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
*He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. ②I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语, 后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略。
*—Do you think it will rain?
—I hope not (that it will not rain). (2)定语从句: ①在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。
*He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday.
②the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。
*I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. (3)状语从句: 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 且从句谓语中有be动词时, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
*Though (they were) tired, they went on walking.
(4)虚拟语气: 在虚拟条件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒装。
*Were I (=If I were)twenty now, I would join the army. (5)动词不定式:
①不定式符号to的省略:
a. 感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。
*I heard someone sing in the next room.
b. 在do nothing but, can’t help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。
*He did nothing but wait all the time. ②不定式省略:
a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
*I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
b. 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。
*—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
*—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be. 2. 祈使句【点津】祈使句+and+陈述句=If. . . , +主句
祈使句+or+陈述句=If. . . not. . . , +主句3. 反意疑问句【点津】回答反意疑问句时, 如果事实是肯定的, 答语用“Yes+肯定的简略句”; 如果事实是否定的, 答语用“No+否定的简略句”。但陈述部分是否定形式时, 答语中的Yes译成“不”, 答语中的No译成“对, 是的”。4. 感叹句
(1)How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(3)How+主语+谓语!
(4)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(5)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
(6)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
(7)What+名词+主语+谓语! 【典题印证】完成句子
(2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, (如果曾经有的话), reaching 30℃in summer.
解题关键: 根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人), rarely(极少)可知, 空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature)ever reached 30℃in summer。 【高考集训】
根据语境或括号中的提示词完成句子
1. (2014·湖南高考)_____ (make)what you’re doing today important,
because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
2. (2014·重庆高考)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,
______ you?
3. (2013·湖南高考)Every day ____ (read)a proverb aloud several times
until you have it memorized. Makedidn’tread4. (2013·江西高考)If _____ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else,
inform the police at once.
5. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the
roadside but was asked by the police not __. askedto主谓一致【点津】
(1)在定语从句中, 关系代词作主语, 其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致, 但“one of+复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数, 而在“the(only/very)one of+复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中, 谓语动词却用单数。
(2)当主语后有介词with, together/along with, including, like, but, except, other than, rather than和as well as等时, 谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(3)a quantity of/quantities of和a(great, large)amount of/large amounts of后既可接可数名词, 也可接不可数名词, 其谓语动词视quantity和amount的单复数形式而定。
(4)若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句, 表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念, 则谓语动词用单数形式。
(5)many a, more than one后加可数名词的单数形式, 谓语动词常用单数。(6)从句、不定式或动名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句中, 谓语动词的形式要根据主语从句表示的意义是单数概念还是复数概念而定。【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空
(2014·湖南高考)All we need (be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 解题关键: 根据空格后的a small piece of land可知, 本句谓语动词的数应该是单数, 因为当all, all of, half of, the rest of, most of及“百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时, 句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而定。而根据句中的All we need可知, 这里说的是现在的事实, 所以用一般现在时。
答案判定: 句意: 我们所需要的就是一小块地而已, 在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。所以填is。 【高考集训】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2013·上海高考)Among the crises that humans face __ (be)the lack
of natural resources.
2. (2013·福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____
______ (invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei
Flower Expo. iswasinvited3. (2013·湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for
international students ___ (be)around $8, 450 a year, which __ (be)a
burden for some of them.
4. (2012·安徽高考)Walmart, which is one of the largest American
supermarket chains, _____ (keep)some of its stores open 24 hours on
Mondays through Saturdays. areiskeeps【误区警示】
本题易错填keep或have kept, 有的考生错把supermarket chains当成主语, 认为主语为复数。5. (2012·湖南高考)All the scientific evidence ______ (show)that
increasing use of chemicals in farming __ (be)damaging our health. showsis